The best European varieties of apple trees

You would like to know the characteristics of the best, the most popular apple varieties in Europe? Then this article will more than satisfy your needs.Below you can see photos of the best varieties of European apple trees and find out the peculiarities of their taste, marketability and growth.

The apple tree was, is and will be the main fruit crop in Europe. The huge variety of varieties created by breeders and gardeners-practitioners allows this crop to be grown in different countries and in different soil and climatic conditions. The process of creating new varieties never stops. Breeder scientists seek to create ideal apple variety.

It should be:

• resistant to the main fungal diseases of this culture - scab and powdery mildew;
• be highly winter-resistant;
• not demanding on growing conditions;
• early to enter the season of fruiting, to give annually high yields of large, beautiful, aromatic, tasty dessert fruits;
• the tree should be weak or medium-sized, with a powerful root system that securely anchors the tree in the soil: the fruits should have good keeping quality (at least 7-8 months) and not be affected by diseases during storage.

It is desirable that such varieties were created for the summer, autumn and winter periods of consumption, so that fresh apples are in our diet all year round.

Summer and autumn varieties of apple trees

In recent years, they began to grow in Ukraine summer varieties of apple treeshaving good taste and marketability of fruits. These are Lodi, Vista Bella, Redfrey, Williams Pride, Jeren-Mac, Prima, Akane, Quinti and others.

Of the summer varieties in Western Europe, the most popular is a mutant of the James Grieve variety called Delbarestival (tradename - Delkorf). The tree is medium-tall, fast-growing at a young age, but weakens growth after entering fruiting. The crown is wide-pyramidal. Weakly affected by scab and powdery mildew. It blooms early and abundantly. Diploid, good pollinator for many apple varieties. The best pollinators for him are the varieties Alcmene, James Grieve, Discovery and Elstar.

It starts bearing fruit in the 3-4th year. Bears fruit generously. Trees are prone to crop overload and therefore require fruit rationing and rejuvenating pruning. Fruits weighing 150-180 g, one-dimensional, long-vat-cylindrical shape, with an orange-red blush on most of the fruit. The pulp is light yellow, tender, juicy, of excellent sweet and sour taste. Ripe apples are crumbling. The fruits are harvested at the end of August. It can be stored in the refrigerator for about 3.5 months. High transportability.

They are very popular in Europe summer varieties: Vista Bella, Geneva Earley, James Grieve. Zeville... Autumn variety, created in Holland. A tree of medium vigor with a compact crown. The variety is winter-hardy, highly resistant to scab and powdery mildew. The planting field in the garden begins to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year. Bears fruit abundantly. It is prone to crop overload, which leads to a decrease in the weight of the fruit and causes the frequency of fruiting. Fruits are medium-sized (130-150 g), round-conic in shape, yellow with a bright orange-red blush over the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is light creamy, juicy, brittle, good sweet and sour taste. They are stored in the refrigerator for 3-3.5 months without losing taste and marketability. High transportability.

Apple variety Pikant

Autumn grade. Created in Germany. The tree is medium-sized with a broadly oval medium thickened crown. Resistance to scab and powdery mildew is high. Fast-growing, begins bearing fruit from 2-3 years after planting in the garden. Bears fruit moderately and regularly. The fruits are large (200-220 g), round, greenish-yellow with an intense dark red blush on 3/4 of the fruit surface. The pulp is white, juicy, with a good wine-sweet taste. The fruits are removed in mid-September. They have good keeping quality - in a regular storage (basement) they are stored for 2-2.5 months, in the refrigerator for 4-5 months.

Apple variety Delicacy

Autumn variety of Polish selection.It is highly appreciated by Polish and European gardeners for the high winter hardiness of trees and the high taste of the fruits, which allows them to be sold at high prices. The tree is medium-sized with a wide-oval crown. Scab and powdery mildew resistance is average. It starts bearing fruit in the 3rd year after planting in the garden. The best pollinators: James Grieve, Mekintosh, Glory to the winners, Teremok, Champion. Bears fruit annually and abundantly. Prone to excessive fruit set and periodicity in fruiting. Reacts well to rationing of fruits, they are large and elegant, weighing 145-180 g, one-dimensional, flattened-rounded conical shape, light yellow with a bright red blurred blush on 3/4 of the fruit surface. The pulp is white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, of excellent sour-sweet taste. Assessment - 4.6-4.8 points out of 5. The fruits are removed in the first decade of September. Mature ones crumble from the tree. It can be stored in the refrigerator for about 1.5 months.

Autumn apple variety of Polish selection "Vitos"

The tree is vigorous, winter-hardy enough, resistance against scab is high, against powdery mildew is average. Top pollinators: James Grieve, Katya, Lobo, Delicia. It begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting. Fruits are large, weighing 180-225 g, flattened-rounded, yellow-green with a red blush on 1/3 of the fruit surface. The pulp is white, fine-grained, very tender, juicy, aromatic, with a good sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested in mid-September. Stored in the refrigerator for up to 2.5 months.

The best winter varieties of apple trees

Apple trees varieties Jonagored

A mutant of the John Gold variety. Found in Belgium. In 1989, at an auction in England, he was awarded a gold medal as the best variety. It is very popular now, especially in Holland and Belgium. The tree is vigorous, average frost resistance, withstands frosts of at least 25 degrees. The best pollinators are Els-tar, Gala, Gloria, Idared, Melrose, Champion. Begins fruiting in the 3-4th year. Bears fruit annually and abundantly. Prone to crop overload. The fruits are large (200-230 g), round-conical, yellow-green with an intense brownish-red blush on the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellow-creamy, very juicy, harmonious sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested in mid-October. Stored in the refrigerator for 6-7 months.

Pinova... The variety was obtained in Germany in 1986. One of the most popular varieties. The tree is medium-sized with a broad-pyramidal crown, quite winter-hardy, highly resistant to scab and powdery mildew. The best pollinators are Gala, Gloucester, Golden Delhi-shess, Idared, Melrose, Champion. It starts bearing fruit in the second year after planting. Bears fruit annually and generously. Prone to excessive fruit setting. Fruits are above average in size (150-200 g), one-dimensional, round-cone-like, greenish-yellow with a dull orange blush on the sunny side of the fruit. The pulp is yellowish-creamy, very juicy, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Assessment - 4.7-4.8 points. In the conditions of the central part of Ukraine, the fruits are harvested at the end of September. Stored for several months. They are mainly used as an excellent dessert product. High transportability.

Amber... In the conditions of the Crimea, the tree is highly winter-resistant, demanding
they are yellow with an orange-red blush that covers 60-70% of the fruit surface. The pulp is yellow, chipping, juicy, with a good aroma and excellent sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Ripe ones do not fall off the tree. It can be stored in the refrigerator for up to eight months without losing its juiciness. Assessment - 4.6-4.9 points. European gardeners call the Pinov variety "the variety of the XXI century".

Apples Delbar Jubile... The variety is actively cultivated in France and Italy and is widely studied in other European countries. The tree is medium-sized with an oval crown. The variety is resistant to scab and powdery mildew. The best pollinators are Idared, Gala, Golden Delicious... Fruit set is always high.Requires the obligatory thinning of flowers and ovaries. Fruits are large (200-250 g), one-dimensional, round-conical, greenish-yellow with an intense red blush over the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellowish, fine-grained with a characteristic aroma, good sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Stored in the refrigerator for 7-8 months. During storage, they are not affected by diseases. High transportability.

Champion... A variety of Czech selection. The tree is weakly growing with an oval, medium thickened crown. Fruiting on ringlets, spurs and fruit twigs. Winter hardiness and resistance to powdery mildew is average, to scab - high. Fruit set from free pollination is 18-31%. The best pollinators are Alcmene, James Grieve, Lobo, Priam, Teremok. It starts bearing fruit in the third year after planting. The yield of a 5-6-year-old tree is 17-25 kg. Fruits weighing 160-190 g, one-dimensional, round-oval, greenish-yellow with an orange-red blush on most of the fruit surface. The pulp is light creamy, very juicy, aromatic, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Score - 4.5-4.7 points. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. In ordinary storages, they are stored for 1.5-2 months, in the refrigerator - for 5 months.

Ligol... A variety of Polish selection. The tree is medium-sized with a wide-pyramidal crown. Winter hardiness is above average. Resistance to scab and powdery mildew is high. Self-infertile. Good pollinators are Idared, Gloucester, Spartan, Champion. It begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting. It bears fruit very generously. Prone to periodic fruiting. Mandatory fruit thinning is required. The fruits are large (200-240 g), one-dimensional, round-cone-like with a ribbed apex, greenish-yellow with a red-carmine blush over the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, fine-grained, juicy, aromatic, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Stores in the refrigerator for up to six months. During storage, they are affected by diseases.

The best Ukrainian varieties of apple trees

Katerina... Late winter variety created by Dr. V.P. Digging. The tree is medium-sized with a wide-oval crown. Winter hardy and highly resistant to scab and powdery mildew. On a medium-sized rootstock, the variety begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. Bears fruit in a stable and generous manner. Trees aged 6-10 years yield 18-29 tons per hectare. The variety requires mandatory rationing of flowers and ovary. Fruits are above average in size (160-190 g), medium one-dimensional, truncated-conical, greenish-yellow with a dull orange blush on the sunny side of the fruit. The pulp is yellowish-creamy, very juicy, excellent sweet and sour taste. Assessment - 4.7-4.8 points. In the conditions of the central part of Ukraine, the fruits are harvested at the end of September. Stored for several months. They are mainly used as an excellent dessert product. High transportability.

Amber... In the conditions of the Crimea, the tree is highly winter-resistant, demanding on growing conditions. The variety is highly resistant to scab and powdery mildew. It begins to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year after planting in the garden and quickly increases productivity. Fruits are above average in size (150-160 g), one-dimensional, truncated-conical, light yellow with a pink-orange blurred blush on the sunny side. The pulp is white, fine-grained, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Assessment - 4.6-4.7 points. The fruits are harvested in early October. Stored in the refrigerator for 7-8 months. At the end of storage, they may wilt, and the skin may be sunburned. High transportability.

The aroma of Crimea... Late winter variety, created by breeders E.G. Usov and A.O. Lyapikhova at the Crimean Experimental Station. Differs in early maturity, high productivity, tolerance to fungal diseases, high enough winter hardiness for the steppe zone of Crimea. Begins fruiting in the 3-4th year.Fruits weighing 180-200 g, truncated-conical or rounded, yellow with an orange blush on the entire surface of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, dense, juicy, aromatic, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Assessment - 4.6-4.8 points. The fruits are harvested in early October. Those who have matured firmly hold onto the tree. In the refrigerator they are well stored until April - May, without losing marketability and taste.

Roseflower... A late winter variety created by O.G. Usov and A.O. Lyapikhova. Medium-sized tree with a broad-pyramidal crown. Possesses average winter hardiness, scab and powdery mildew resistance. Fast-growing, with a high, but not evened out by years / birth rate. Fruits are above medium size (160-180 g), one-dimensional, yellow with a red streaked blush on most of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, medium density, juicy, harmonious sweet and sour taste. Score - 4.5-4.6 points. Ripen in early October. When there is a delay in picking up, ripe fruits fall off the trees. Stored in the refrigerator for 7-8 months. High transportability.

Mavka... A late winter variety created by the breeder V.Ya. Chupruny-kom at the Mliev Experimental Station. The tree is medium-sized, winter-hardy, highly resistant to scab and powdery mildew. Fruiting on a one-year growth, young ringlets and fruit twigs. The yield is regular and high. The yield of 5-year-old trees grafted on MM106 is 18-30 kg. Fruits weighing 150-170 g, one-dimensional, round, greenish-yellow with a blush on 1/3 or 1/2 of the fruit surface. The pulp is creamy, medium-grained, very juicy, with a harmonious sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Ripe ones stick well to the tree. Stored in the refrigerator for 5-6 months.

Varieties that are highly resistant to fungal diseases, as a rule, are affected by scab and powdery mildew by 1 point out of 5. Such trees must be treated with a fungicide twice. The first time - before flowering, the second - 7-10 days after the end of flowering. If the summer is cool and wet, it is advisable to process it a third time.

When choosing varieties for the article, I tried to take into account four main criteria: winter hardiness, resistance to fungal diseases, taste of fruits, early maturity.

Gennady BREUS

The apple can be safely called a national fruit, since it is cultivated throughout Russia. However, each region has its own climatic characteristics and requires the selection of varieties adapted to it. What varieties of apple trees are better for Siberia? First of all, winter-hardy varieties. In addition to frost resistance, the height of the tree is important - it will be more difficult for a strong-growing apple tree in Siberia to adapt to strong winds and prolonged frosts. That is why breeders have bred more than two dozen Siberian varieties of apple trees, which were created by crossing local apple trees with imported ones.

Main varieties

According to winter hardiness, Siberian apple trees are divided into 3 categories:

• highly winter-resistant are able to withstand a drop in temperature below -40 0С.
• medium-winter resistant withstand low temperatures down to -35 0С.
• poorly winter-resistant tolerate a drop in temperature to -25 0С.

Also Siberian apple trees are subdivided into the following varieties:

• Ranetki. Siberian Ranet is a small fruit variety that is obtained by crossing Siberia with European varieties. Apple trees of this species are more frost-resistant and high-yielding. And although they taste more tart and sour, they contain a lot of vitamins. Ranetki are the first generation of crossing Siberian varieties with imported varieties.
• Semi-cultural (semi-culture). This is the second generation of selection, when ranetki were crossed with large-fruited apple trees. Such fruits are not only larger in comparison with ranetki, but also tastier. The third and higher generations of semi-crops interbred with each other and with other large-fruited apple trees. Apples of this type have an average winter hardiness. Productivity is good, it starts in 3-4 years.
• Large-fruited.For more than 100 years, breeders have tried to breed large-fruited and frost-resistant apple trees for Siberia, and they succeeded. The size of the fruits of this species is comparable to the size of apples of such Central Russian varieties as Gorny Sinap, Tolunai, etc.

The best Siberian apple varieties are described below.

Altai Bagryanoye

It is an autumn species that gets its name from the color of the fruit. Ripens in the last months of summer and is stored for 2 months. Fruiting in the fourth year with a yield of 20-40 kg per tree. The apple weighs 25-30 g, juicy, sweet and sour. Medium-sized trees are scab resistant and winter-hardy. However, with sufficient prevalence, it is not very popular due to the small size of the fruit.

Bayan

Autumn apples reach maturity in early September, keeping quality up to four months. The first crop appears in 3-4 years. The yield is high, but intermittent. It is popular because of the large size of fruits for Siberia - their weight ranges from 80 to 140 g. The texture is dense, juicy with a pleasant aroma. Medium-sized trees are highly frost-resistant and immune to scab.

Gornoaltaiskoe

A late summer species that ripens in mid-August and is stored for up to three weeks. The harvest can be harvested from the fourth year, in terms of volume, however, it will be average. Fruits reach a maximum weight of 50 g. The fine-grained pulp is sweet, with a slight sourness. Medium-sized trees are scab resistant and tolerate winter frosts well.

Ermakovskoe mountain

Summer apples, which ripen in mid-August, are stored for up to a month. The first crop appears in 4–5 years, the yield is low. Fruits are medium-sized, reaching a maximum weight of 80 g. The pulp is fine-grained, sweet and sour, with a pleasant aroma. Low-growing trees have an average winter and scab hardiness.

Cherished

Winter, fast-growing and fruitful species, ripening in mid-September. The fruits are small, weighing no more than 60 g, and they can be stored for up to five months. The apple is juicy, the taste is sweet and sour with hints of strawberries. Low-growing trees do not tolerate frost well enough and can freeze under severe winters. Disease resistance is good.

Spartan

Winter early-growing species native to Canada. Ripens at the end of September and is stored until spring. Fruiting from the fifth year is generous, but uneven. The fruits weigh at least 160 g. The aroma is pronounced, with hints of wine, melon and strawberry. The pulp is juicy and crispy, the taste is sweet without sourness. The trees are medium to vigorous. Resistance to frost and scab is below average.

Tolunay

Refers to a late summer large-fruited variety. The first crop gives in 4–5 years. It ripens at the end of August. Shelf life up to 1.5 months. The maximum weight of the fruit is 130 g. The fruit is juicy, aromatic, with a sweet taste with a slight sourness. Medium-sized trees have medium winter hardiness and good scab resistance.

Sokolovskoe

Natural winter dwarf. Siberia is the best place to grow. Brings a harvest for 3-4 years, after harvesting, the harvest is stored for three months. Apples weigh up to 140 g. Fine-grained dense and juicy pulp has an excellent sweet and sour taste. Differs in good frost resistance and insensitivity to scab.

Altai souvenir

Altai species are represented by another autumn species, the fruiting of which occurs in 5–6 years. The crop is ready for harvesting in early autumn, and is stored for up to three months. Fruits weigh about 130 g. The structure of the pulp is fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour taste.

The Altai souvenir has medium-sized trees, well adapted to frost and scab, but vulnerable to moniliosis.

Zhigulevskoe

Late autumn variety. Fruit is removed during September and stored for 1–2 months. It is considered high-yielding, fruiting occurs in the fifth year. Fruits are large, weighing 120-200 g. The pulp is coarse-grained, tender, taste sweet and sour. A tall, fast-growing species with medium winter hardiness.

Video "Super harvest of apples in Siberia"

From this video you will learn about which apple varieties take root well in the harsh conditions of Siberia.

Happy owners of summer cottages are always in a hurry to master their native weave in the shortest possible time. At the dacha, you want to have the whole set of fruits and berries, especially apples. And here, amateur beginners make the first and very serious mistake. They clutter the garden with a large list of crops planted without taking into account their requirements for the environment and compatibility with neighbors. They are of little interest in the types of selected crops, which will require the appropriate space and area, and buy tall varieties with a spreading crown. In the struggle for survival, such crops will purposefully oppress small neighbors.

Apples on the branches

A small or large family needs a different amount of fruit and berry products, but everyone wants to have fresh fruits and berries for a long time. A thoughtful selection of varieties of the desired culture can serve as a fulfillment of desire. Breeders for different regions of the Russian Federation offer a huge list of varieties and they are all temptingly beautiful on color applications. However, the garden consists of perennials (for apple trees 30-35 years old) and it can be very difficult to correct a mistake.

To avoid mistakes, you need to think in advance what types and varieties of apple trees are suitable for your site, select the ones you like. Novice gardeners should begin acquaintance with the varieties in the winter, using their garden diary, in which to enter the desired selected varieties and your possibilities when laying an apple orchard or planting several seedlings in a small cottage or land plot.

Varietal planning of an apple orchard

On a summer cottage of 6 acres for a family of 4-5 people, 5-6 varieties of apple trees are enough. Of these, 2 varieties are summer, 1 medium and 2 late. To decorate a rest corner, a decorative fence, you can purchase a couple of small-fruited varieties of apple trees (ranetka, Chinese, paradise apple and others). In a garden diary, make a table in which you briefly describe the desired qualities of the fruit and select varieties for them.

Apple trees can be divided into several groups.

According to the habit of the bush: tall, semi-dwarf, dwarf, columnar.

Tall apple trees - crops with a plant height of up to 8 m, a well-developed root system that penetrates deeply into the soil (Zhigulevskoe, Belfleur-Kitaika). It is recommended to grow them only in areas where groundwater is below 3 m depth.

Semi-dwarf apple trees - crops up to 5 m high (Elena). For them, a site with groundwater occurrence no higher than 2.5 m is suitable.

Dwarf apple trees - crops are undersized, up to 2.5 m in height (Gloucester, Solnyshko). The root system is relatively shallow, located in a meter layer of soil. The varieties are suitable for areas with a high groundwater table (up to 1.5 m).

Cold-resistant: frost-resistant, thermophilic.

By species: summer, autumn, winter, late winter.

By taste: sour, sweet, dessert and others.

Apple tree with fruits

Apple varieties for the middle and northern regions of Russia

For the middle and northern regions of Russia, characterized by a cold climate with prolonged frosts, when selecting varieties of apple trees, one should focus on their frost resistance.

Winter-hardy varieties of apple trees are: White filling, Candy, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Borovinka, Antonovka ordinary, Anis scarlet, Zvezdochka, Medunitsa, Sinap, Moskovskoe, Elena, Solnyshko and others.

Recently, breeders have proposed new frost-resistant varieties that can withstand temperatures down to -35 ° C: Marat Busurin, Mayak Zagorya, Winter Beauty, Imrus, Brusnichnoe, Narodnoe, Young Naturalist.

The first place in winter hardiness from new varieties of apple trees is taken by the Gift to Grafsky, Skala, which can withstand 40-42 degrees of frost.

Of the varieties of apple trees that are not resistant to frost, one can distinguish: Cinnamon striped, Melba, Mantent, Champion, Augusta, Koreyanka, Vatutin, Freshness, Lobo, Bogatyr, Belfleur-Chinese, Pepin. However, this property does not detract from their other qualities. They are suitable for medium-sized regions with a short cold period, without persistent severe frosts.

Apple grade Antonovka

Winter-hardy apple varieties for the southern regions

When buying apple seedlings for your small garden, be sure to ask about its species. Crops intended for middle and northern regions (even frost-resistant ones) in southern growing conditions can die from return spring frosts.

For the south, apple trees are most suitable for the weather conditions: renet Simirenko, Babushkino, Buzhor, Wagner, Golden, Glory to the Winner, White filling, Arkad yellow, etc.

Apple varieties by species

Summer varieties of apple trees

By species, apple varieties are subdivided into summer, autumn, winter, late winter. Fruiting of summer and so-called dessert varieties begins in July, the main harvest peak is in August. But summer varieties do not have keeping quality. The shelf life of fruits does not exceed 1-2 weeks. They must be used for food immediately after harvesting. Pleasant sweet-sour or sweet, juicy pulp, with a strong, often honey aroma, induces an appetite.

The most prominent representatives of early or summer apples are Elena, Medunitsa, Bely naliv, Mantent, Melba, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Candy, Borovinka, Korichnoe and others.

Autumn varieties of apple trees

The first apples of autumn varieties appear at the end of August. The main fruiting occurs in September. Their keeping quality is low, and its duration does not exceed 2-3 months. The pulp is juicy, sweet with sourness. When choosing a variety of apple trees for your garden, keep in mind that it is the summer and autumn varieties that are used for winter preparations in the form of juices, compotes, jams and others. Winter-hardy autumn varieties can be stored for up to 3 months, retaining their taste.

Winter-hardy autumn varieties of apple trees include Narodnoye, Streyfling, Orlovskoye, Bessemyanka, Aromatnoe, Korichnoye, Koreyanka and others. Among them there are fast-ripening (Orlovskoe), sweet (Narodnoe). On the market you can always buy Koreyanka, Cinnamon striped, and other varieties of this type. Determine which taste and aroma you like best and enter the data in your garden diary.

For southern regions with "warm winters" apple varieties Champion, Aydaret are suitable.

Apple grade White filling Apple grade Candy

Winter varieties of apple trees

When choosing a variety of apple trees, the main attention should be paid to winter and late winter varieties, since they will provide the body with vitamins in the most impoverished period - February-April: Bogatyr, Antonovka, Welsey, Pepin, Zhigulevskoe, Zvezdochka, Aphrodite, Orlovskoe, Solnyshko and others.

The crop is filmed at technical maturity in September-October. They cannot be eaten immediately. Their taste is usually sour, some have a tart, coarse flesh. They are perfectly stored for six months, and Simirenko, Bogatyr, Zvezdochka do not lose their qualities up to 9 months of storage.

Many gardeners consider the Moskovsky variety to be the champion in winter hardiness and storage duration, whose fruits are stored until the next harvest. Winter varieties in the south, in the middle regions, need a long warm autumn, hot summer. During this period, apple trees accumulate the necessary sugars and aromatic compounds, which give a unique taste and smell to the fruits when they reach biological maturity, which occurs in the winter months (Simirenko, Antonovka).

Winter varieties of apple trees, as a rule, have good keeping quality. For long-term storage, winter varieties with a sour taste of fruits are worthy of attention: Berkutovskoe, Aphrodite, Bogatyr, Moskovskoe later. Their high pulp density and sour taste limit their fresh use immediately after harvest.Possessing good keeping quality, winter varieties gradually ripen during storage and by February-March they gain the whole bouquet of taste: juiciness, pleasant sourness, aroma.

Late winter varieties of apple trees

Of the late winter varieties, the most famous are Bellefleur-Kitayka, Sinap, Lobo, Moskovskoye, Freshness. Varieties Lobo and Freshness are well stored for a long time, but they have mediocre winter hardiness, and Bellefleur-Chinese is distinguished by its tallness and large crown habit. All late winter (of the considered varieties) are large-fruited.

Columnar varieties of apple trees

A separate group includes columnar apple trees, which have recently been rapidly adapting to private garden estates. This type is remarkable in that it has no side branches. The crop grows in one trunk, the habit of the bush is 0.25-1.0 m, the yield is formed right on the trunk, the yield is high.

The varieties of apple trees of this type differ in their high resistance to diseases and pests, they are resistant to frost, but have a shallow penetrating root system. The length of individual roots does not exceed 25-30 cm and are located so close to the soil surface that even shallow loosening can damage them. The superficial root system of columnar apple trees requires attention, needs watering (2-3 times a week, followed by mulching) and top dressing. Drip irrigation is suitable for them.

Apple variety August

The best varieties of columnar apple trees that can be grown in the middle and Siberian regions are Vasyugan, Moscow Necklace, Senator, President, Ostankino, Triumph, Currency, Arbat, Medok, Jin, Dialogue.

Of these, the most frost-resistant, develop well and form harvests in the Siberian regions - the Moscow necklace and Vasyugan.

The summer varieties of columnar apple trees include Malyukha, President, Medoc. A very interesting variety Medoc. It belongs to the summer-autumn varieties, but is late-ripening. Fruits in technical ripeness are harvested at the end of August.

Winter varieties of columnar apple trees Amber necklace, Bolero, Currency, Moscow necklace are distinguished by their high keeping quality. The late-ripening variety Moscow Necklace is removed at the end of September. It retains its qualities until March.

Growing conditions for apple trees

Apple trees grow and bear fruit on average for 30-35 years. Therefore, when laying an apple orchard, and even when planting several seedlings, you need to be extremely attentive to the agrotechnical requirements of the culture.

Site selection

Apple trees do not tolerate low-lying places, where spring frosts slide and stagnate. From recurrent and prolonged frosts in all regions (including southern ones), complete freezing out or severe damage to flower buds and blossoming flowers of this culture is possible. This means that at the dacha you need to pick up a site that is elevated and protected from cold air currents. If possible, select a separate, with suitable conditions, area for 5-8 apple trees. So full care can be provided and the requirements for agricultural technology can be fulfilled.

In a small summer cottage, pay attention to the columnar apple trees. A small crop habit will allow planting up to 12-15 varieties on a relatively small area. Some gardeners planted them in a bed, creating a unique, elegant, "fragrant" path during the flowering and ripening of apples.

Apple trees don't like shade. They need evenly lit areas, and not occupied by someone else's root system. Therefore, try to plant young seedlings at a distance from old trees. If the site allows, you can plant apple trees in small groups in places that are suitable for environmental and agricultural requirements. In the garden diary, on the general plot of the site, mark the places allocated for the apple trees. The next concern is the composition and quality of the soil in the areas allocated for apple trees.

Soil for apple trees

For apple trees, neutral soils with a pH of 5.5-6.5 are necessary, provided with sufficient nutrients, especially nitrogen, with good drainage properties, it is possible of medium density (loamy chernozems, ordinary), but air and permeable with high moisture capacity. The most suitable are ordinary chernozems, loamy with a predominance of sandy loam, loess-like loam. On light soils, constant irrigation is necessary. Peaty, highly acidic soils, with a close location of underground waters, with stagnant waters after rains and irrigation are not suitable. Apple trees with a deep root system develop poorly and die early on sandy or clay-sandy soils.

Having picked up a good location and type of soil, you can buy seedlings in the spring and plant your apple orchard.

Attention! We ask you to write in the comments to this article: what varieties of apple trees do you grow, how much they satisfy you, how they correspond to the declared characteristics. Do not forget to indicate your region and features of agricultural technology. Thank you!

If you live in a harsh or changeable climate, but want a stable harvest of bulk apples every year, this article is for you. We have prepared a selection of the most proven frost-resistant apple varieties that will not disappoint you.

Breeders have developed a huge number of apple varieties. We will introduce you to those of them that are distinguished by good winter hardiness and early entry into fruiting.

Antaeus

An excellent variety for temperate climates and winters with a sharp temperature drop. The trees are usually of medium height, with a pyramidal or round crown. The fruits are very large, round-conical in shape. The main color of apples is green, over time the color changes to red, which manifests itself in the form of a blush. The greenish pulp is juicy, with a fragrant and tart aroma. Since it is a commercial variety, the costs of growing these apple trees are quite low. Apples are distinguished by good keeping quality, long shelf life and attractive appearance.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
2-3 years	200-250	End of September - beginning of October	5-6

Auxis

The variety was bred in the Baltics and is designed for the vagaries of the weather in this region. The tree is medium-sized with a sparse rounded crown. Fruits are of standard size, but large specimens can also be found. As the ripening period approaches, they acquire a light yellow color with a red blush. The pulp is firm, yellow, juicy, with a pleasant dessert taste. Fruiting is regular, while the tree rarely suffers from scab, and the fruits retain their presentation for a long time.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 5-6 years	150-180	September	3-6

Baltika

This variety was specially bred for the difficult climatic conditions of the northwest region. The tree is vigorous, with a panicle-like crown of medium thickening. The fruit is above average in size, round, without noticeable ribs. The main color of apples is light yellow, by the end of the season it is complemented by a blurred striped blush. The yield reaches 200 kg per tree. The pulp is firm, white and very juicy. The fruits are stored for quite a long time and at the same time do not lose their presentation.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
5 year	100-120	Beginning of September	2-2,5

Bashkir handsome

This variety was bred by Bashkir breeders and is suitable for cultivation in the northeastern, northwestern and southwestern parts of the region. The tree is medium-sized with a sparse and spreading crown. Fruits are elongated-conical or rounded with wide edges. The color is greenish-yellow, subsequently diluted with red stripes. The pulp is juicy, dense, greenish-white. The variety is winter-hardy, scab resistant.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 6-8 years	90-100	Mid september	2-3

Golden autumn

This is a typical apple variety for the middle zone, which was bred specifically for wintering in severe winter conditions. The tree is tall and strong with abundant foliage. Fruits are large, rounded-elongated. The color of apples is light yellow; towards the end of summer, a pale pink blush forms on them. The pulp is white, slightly greenish at the edges, very juicy and spicy, sweet and sour. Despite its good winter hardiness, the tree often suffers from scab and other diseases.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 5-8 years	200-250	September	2-3

Cinnamon new

The variety is zoned for the northwestern, southwestern and southeastern regions. The tree is tall, with a rounded dense crown. Fruits are medium in size, conical in shape. The skin is greenish-yellow with a dull red blush. The pulp is creamy, juicy, with a delicate sweet and sour aroma. The tree shows high yields and is frost-resistant. The fruits are stored for a long time and do not lose marketability.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 5-7 years	130-160	Beginning of September	3-4

Lungwort

The tree is tall and at the same time bears fruit abundantly during the first 10 years. The crown is pyramidal, with drooping branches. The plant tolerates Siberian frosts and is widespread up to the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The fruits are medium-sized, flat-round, the color varies from yellow-green to bright red crimson. The apples taste spicy, sweet, with a specific aroma. The pulp is light creamy, fine-grained, dense and juicy. The apple tree is almost not affected by rot and scab.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 4-5 years	100-150	End of August - beginning of September	1-2

North synap

This is a late winter variety of apples that are stored for quite a long time. The trees are vigorous with a wide-pyramidal crown. Fruits are medium in size, slightly oblong, with smooth skin. Their main color is yellowish-green, over time, a brownish-red blush appears on it. The apples are juicy, with a sour-sweet, refreshing taste. Apple trees have specific requirements for the weather - summer should be warm and even hot, but in autumn the plants feel great in conditions of temperature changes. Also, trees rarely get sick with scab and powdery mildew.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 5-8 years	100-120	Early to mid-October	5-6

Sunsedar

The Solntsedar variety is zoned for the Volgo-Vyatka and Ural regions. The tree is of medium height, the crown is broadly round, spreading and slightly thickened. Apple fruits are flat-round or truncated oval in shape. The main color of the fruit is light cream with pinkish-scarlet "painting". The pulp is snow-white with small streaks of a reddish hue, tender and juicy. The taste of apples is sweet-sour with a slight astringency aftertaste. The frost resistance of the variety is high, but at the same time, the trees are often affected by scab.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
For 6-7 years	75-110	Early august	1,5-2

Ural bulk

The variety was bred by Ural breeders by crossing Ranetki red and White filling. The tree is vigorous with a rounded crown of medium thickening. Fruits are small with a light yellow skin and a bluish waxy bloom. The pulp is white, juicy, medium-grained. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour. Large yields can be achieved by over-pollination with varieties that coincide in terms of flowering. The variety is characterized by adaptive properties, winter hardiness and scab resistance.

Entering fruiting	Fruit weight (g)	Harvest	Shelf life (months)
3-4 years	40-60	Beginning of September	1-2

There are actually much more winter-hardy varieties of apple trees, we have selected only the most proven and popular ones. You may also have favorite varieties that have proven their resistance to frost and temperature extremes.Write about them in the comments and share your impressions with our readers.

If the main part of Russian gardening cannot be imagined without apple trees, then The Siberian region only at the beginning of the XXI century, it can be considered, received such an opportunity - to grow this fruit crop in their gardens.

Thanks to breeders, apple trees appeared that can survive in a harsh climate and delight Siberians with an excellent harvest. In a sense, they can be called "northern varieties".

What are the apple trees that will grow on Siberian soil, and what are some good varieties of apple trees for Siberia, we will consider below.

general characteristics

Currently the variety of species is amazing... The most important event is considered to be the correct choice and adherence to all growing rules.

Only in this case are these fruit trees capable of producing a decent harvest in prolonged cold climates.

For both Western and Eastern Siberia, this the fruit crop must have certain characteristics and requirements.

Such as:

• winter hardiness - resistance to prolonged frost. There are species with medium and increased winter hardiness, capable of withstanding frosts above 40 ° C. Not requiring a lot of sun and moisture;
• yield and early maturity... Nobody wants to grow low-fruiting apples or wait 5-6 years for the first fruits to appear;
• ripening terms. For such a cold climate, ripening should end before the first frost;
• plant resistance to all kinds of diseases... The main ones are scab, rot and fungal diseases of the apple tree. It is impossible to exclude all kinds of pests who want to feast on the leaves, bark and fruits of the tree;
• taste characteristics... Any gardener dreams of sweet or slightly sour fruit. Everyone wants juicy and aromatic apples;
• crop storage... The later the ripening period, the longer the storage.

Important! When planting a new variety, know all its characteristics and the recommendations of experienced gardeners on the conditions for its cultivation. This is the only way to decide which apple varieties are best for your garden.

The best varieties of apple trees for Siberia

All Siberian varieties distinguished by good or increased winter hardiness and scab resistance... Below you can see their photo with the name and description.

Summer

Ranetka Ermolaeva

Siberian apple variety medium-sized tree with small apples, not long-term storage (maximum 30 days). The yield of yellow-red apples is average. The first fruits appear around the fourth year.

Shows tolerance to disease. Used for processing or conservation.

Ranetka Ermolaeva.

Read more about Ranetka Ermolaev's apple tree here.

Ermakovskoe mountain

In the last days of August, you can harvest green apples with a red coating. The first fruiting occurs at 4 or 5 years. The amount of fruit is not very large, with a one-month shelf life.

The tree is of moderate growth, with a rounded crown of medium thickening.

Ermakovskoe mountain.

Altai Bagryanoe

Enough fast early maturity. Even if it is exposed to severe frost, it tends to recover. Gives about 40 kg from a tree small, conical in shape and purple in color, juicy, with tender pulp, delicious apples.

For a summer variety, it is stored for a rather long time - about 50 - 60 days.

Altai crimson.

You can read more information about the Altai Crimson variety here.

Gornoaltaiskoe

The early maturity is average. Resistant to scab and frost. Stable moderate yield. Small tree. The apples are small, conical with a purple blush. Storage is not long, up to three weeks.

They need timely pick-up. In rainy weather during the ripening period, the skin on the fruit will crack.

Gornoaltaiskoe.

Read more about the Gornoaltayskoye apple variety in this article.

Zhebrovskoe

Distinctive feature - a rare oval crown with a medium-sized tree. Very small fruits, round - conical in shape, with a basic light yellow color and a blurred red top color. The pulp is juicy, sweet with sourness and very aromatic.

The earliest apples in the Siberian region.

Zhebrovskoe.

Read more about the variety Zhebrovskoe in this article.

Melba

An old, proven and very beloved species by gardeners. Although it does not differ in increased indicators of winter hardiness, but with good cover with agrofibre, it successfully survives winter frosts. Differs in early maturity, early maturity and widespread use on an industrial scale.

The plant itself is small, with relatively large fruits, 150 g each. The pulp is very juicy, sweet with sour taste and candy aroma.

Melba.

You can read more information about the Melba variety here.

Minusinskoe red

Slow growing tree with a spreading crown. Small, slightly ribbed apples with a brick-colored coating on a golden background. The taste is sweet, aromatic. The pulp is tender and juicy. There is no scattering from the bush. Storage for about three weeks.

Important! Tolerance to fungal diseases.

Minusinskoe red.

Alyonushka

Fast-growing semi-dwarf. At the beginning of fruiting, growth slows down noticeably. The crown is drooping, of medium density, but very leafy. The apples are small, straw-colored with a red-pink coating. The pulp is fine-grained and juicy. Unusually spicy, aromatic, sweet and sour taste.

After planting, it bears fruit for 3-4 years. Not afraid of even severe frosts, but not very scab resistant.

Alyonushka.

Read more about the apple tree Alyonushka here.

Autumn

They differ from summer ones in higher winter hardiness and better ripening of apples., which noticeably affects the taste.

Surkhurai

One of the best fruit crops for such a harsh region... The shrub grows medium in size, with fruits weighing up to 100 g. Their main color is golden, with crimson sheathing stripes throughout the fruit. Good taste characteristics.

Surkhurai.

Read more about the Surkhurai variety in this article.

White filling

Russian vintage view of apple tree. All plant and fruit sizes are medium in size. The pulp is tender and juicy. The taste is wine-sour.

White filling.

You can read more information about the White filling variety here.

Tolunay

Apples from 80 to 130 g, conical and golden yellow with red stripes. The pulp is tender, juicy and rich in smell. Has a high tasting rating - 4.8. Suitable for use for 1.5 months.

With increased and prolonged frosts it is better to insulate the plant.

Tolunay.

Read more about the Tolunai apple variety in this article.

Ural bulk

The apples are small, greenish-yellow in color, but have a rather pleasant sweet and sour taste. Quickly begins to give the first harvests after planting - already for 2-3 years.

It is consumed both fresh and is excellent for processing. The yield is large.

Ural bulk.

Read more about Yablon Uralskoe bulk read here.

Anise purple

A dense leafy crown with thick skeletal branches gives regular big harvest, which is up to 30 kg. The apples are juicy, 70 - 80 g each, with a wonderful wine-sweet taste and a relatively long shelf life.

Anise purple.

Lungwort

Tall apple tree... The taste is well explained by the name of the hybrid. The crown thickens quickly, therefore requires annual thinning and shaping. Average fruit weight - 90 - 150 g. The color of apples is yellow with green, and various shades of red coating.

Attention! Possesses increased resistance to fungal diseases and rot.

Lungwort.

You can read more information about the variety Medunitsa here.

Bayan

The height of an adult plant barely reaches 4 m.Begins to produce fruit 4 years after planting a one-year seedling. They are of average size 70 - 80 g. In good fruitful years and with thinning of the peduncles, the weight of some reached 140 g.

Possesses good keeping quality - 4 months... Slight freezing was observed only in very harsh winters.

Bayan.

Read more about the Bayan apple variety in this article.

Altai souvenir

The plant has a small growth, with a thin crown and branches branching out almost at right angles. Apples 75 - 125 g, yellow with a pink streak coating. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy, tender, with the usual taste for this culture.

The shelf life of the crop is about 4 months.

Altai souvenir.

Read more about the Altai Souvenir apple tree here.

Cherished

Early maturity attracts the attention of Siberian gardeners. Although it belongs to hybrids with average resistance to frost, it has won its place in Siberian gardens due to its resistance to diseases, small trees and very good yield indicators.

Taste qualities, small-sized fruits, with an unprecedented strawberry flavor and a long shelf life, are very much appreciated by gardeners.

Cherished.

Read more about the Cherished variety in this article.

Hope

Tall plant with small but tasty fruits. Resistant to all weather conditions... Scab is very rarely affected, and then only during the period of epiphytoties. It can retain consumer qualities for up to 90 days.

Hope.

Mountain synap

Rounded crown with sparse branches on a medium-sized plant. Good for the Siberian region fruit weight from 90 to 165 g. The main color of the fruit is golden with a ruddy finish. The palatability is quite good and has a tasting score of 4.7 points.

Characterized self-fertility, early maturity, sound and regular fruiting. They have a keeping quality until April.

Mountain synap.

Read more about the Mountain Sinap apple tree in this article.

North synap

Tall plant with wide-pyramidal crown. For full ripening, the apple tree needs a long warm summer. Apples with an average weight of 110 g have good taste and a long shelf life.

The disadvantage is tall tree, uneven fruits and low indicators of their presentation with oversaturation of culture.

North Sinap.

Read more about the North Sinap apple tree here.

Varietal characteristics

Siberian apple trees should be divided into three groups. These are ranetki, semi-cultured and large-fruited. Large-fruited culture in Siberia mainly has a creeping shape.

Ranetki

The most frost-resistant varieties and high-yielding apple trees. The apples are small, sour and tart. They are mainly used for processing and canning:

• Ranetka Ermolaeva;
• Change;
• For a long time;
• Barnaulochka;
• Dobrynya and others.

Semi-crops

Apple varieties of semi-crops have good taste... They are used fresh as well as for various blanks. Have different periods of maturation, storage and for the most part are fast-growing:

• Gornoaltaiskoe;
• Bayan;
• Ermakovskoe mountain;
• Altai souvenir;
• Alyonushka;
• Treasured, etc.

Large-fruited creeping

They also have one more name - stlantsy. The quality is excellent, but winter hardiness is not increased. Therefore, this group needs a pre-winter shelter. Let's list the popular varieties (creeping apple trees):

• Melba;
• North Sinap;
• Welsey;
• White filling;
• Lungwort;
• Borovinka;
• some varieties of Antonovka, etc.

Planting and leaving

Landing

Timing

The best time to plant apple trees in harsh climates is Spring... Otherwise a young, fragile seedling, when planted in autumn, may not withstand severe frosts.

In Siberia, apple trees are planted in the spring.

It is worth noting that planting dates for Western and Eastern Siberia are the same, that is, planting apple trees in autumn in Tomsk, as well as in Krasnoyarsk, is not recommended.

Peculiarities

If the seedling is purchased in the fall, then it is better to dig it in with well-rotted humus before the onset of spring.

The features of spring planting are almost the same as in other regions of the country. A sunny, better windless place is selected. Closely located groundwater is destructive for this type of fruit. The soil should not be acidified.

The planting hole is dug in the fall. And in the spring, it is covered with fertile soil with fertilizers and a seedling is planted in it, which is spilled with high quality.

Growing apple trees

Crohn needs pruning and shaping throughout its life. If at a young age she stimulates the plant to branch more or to form fruit shoots, then in adulthood she needs sanitary pruning and rejuvenation measures.

Caring for an apple tree in Siberia also includes fertilizing with fertilizers and mineral complexes. She compensates the wood for the lack of heat, sun and other components missing in a harsh climate.

Important! Any dressings are applied only on well-shed soil and not at the root, but in the area of ​​the trunk circle in a groove specially prepared for this.

In such conditions practically does not need watering, unless the weather is dry and hot for a long time.

Preparation for the winter season is a must. The trunk circle is covered with humus or peat with a layer of at least 20 cm.

Such a process should take place gradually, increasing the layer with each decrease in temperature, so that the plant calmly goes into "hibernation". Besides after snow falls, the trunk circle is abundantly covered with it.

Diseases and varieties resistant to them

The apple tree has a lot of diseases and pests. And without preventive measures it is difficult to avoid any disease.

Modern hybrids are predominantly possess such dignity as resistance to the main disease of this culture - scab... But in epiphytotic years, the immunity grafted may not work. Only fungicides can save during such periods.

Milky sheen lesions widespread... Culture does not even have time to bloom. Sheds flowers, the branches begin to wither and after a while the branches dry up, their tips turn black.

Attention! Only preventive, annual, consistent spraying and proper maintenance will avoid this. Fully resistant hybrids have not yet been bred. Therefore, only prevention will save.

The most stable are:

• Welsey;
• Borovinka;
• Altai Bagryanoye;
• Antonovka;
• Lungwort;
• Altai souvenir.

Welsey is one of the most resilient apple trees.

Varieties rating

By taste

The taste characteristics of the ranetki are not very good, as most of them have a sour and tart taste. Semi-crops have excellent taste. And large-fruited are not only tasty, but they are characterized by peculiar aromas.

Name	Sugar content in%
Minusinskoe red	15
Lungwort	14
Altai Bagryanoye	13.9
Zhebrovskoe	13.6
Tolunay	13
Cherished	12.2
Ermakovskoe mountain	11.5
Gornoaltaiskoe	11.5
Altai souvenir	11.3
North synap	11
Spartan	10.6
Melba	10.5
Welsey	10.1

By zoning

Apple trees grown in difficult climatic conditions, must have a high level of winter hardiness... All varieties with such indicators can be divided into:

• low - winter hardy varieties;
• medium - frost-resistant;
• high - winter hardy.

The latter can withstand temperatures down to -45 °.

We should not forget about ripening period... In a short summer, this is very important. A full-fledged crop, ripe before removable ripeness, can only give early and mid-early hybrids.

An important role is played by tree height... The taller ones are often prone to damage and death from winter winds.

Advice! Preference should be given to hybrids adapted to these climatic conditions. That is, zoned hybrids.

For Western Siberia

• Altai beauty;
• Altai amber;
• Bayan;
• Mountain synap;
• Surkhurai;
• Tolunay;
• Bow to Shukshin;
• Shushenskoye.

Shushenskoye.

For Eastern Siberia

• Lydia;
• Pupil;
• Young Naturalist;
• Summer early;
• Red Melba;
• Krasnoyarsk sweet;
• Favorite Shevchenko;
• Minusinskoe Dessertnoe;
• Autumn Joy, etc.

By the characteristics of fruiting

With annual fruiting

Often in harsh Siberian conditions, apple trees switch to periodic fruiting. But there are varieties and hybrids that bear fruit almost every year:

• Altai sweet;
• Gornoaltaiskoe;
• Severyanka;
• Darkie and a number of other varieties.

Darkie.

At a young age, most plants are able to yield a year if all the necessary conditions are created and the crown of the tree is formed correctly.

Long shelf life

If in the recent past Siberian fruit growers could not ensure the safety of the harvest for more than a month, now a considerable amount of the most demanded fruit crop with keeping quality of apples from 3 to 6 months.

An example would be:

• Cherished;
• Altynai;
• Gift for gardeners;
• Bayan;
• Altai souvenir;
• Hope;
• Altai winter and purple and many others.

Large-fruited

According to information in the literature, no more than a dozen large-fruited or relatively large-fruited apple trees can be grown in Siberia. But according to many experienced gardeners, their number is much higher. The books say that grapes cannot be grown in such harsh conditions, but they are successfully grown.

Large-fruited for Siberia can be considered:

• White filling;
• Melba;
• Welsey;
• Anise;
• Aport;
• Borovinka;
• Grushovka Moscow, etc.

Borovinka.

There is a considerable amount of varietal material that can ripen in the short Siberian summer and bear relatively large fruits.

Types of apple trees for Siberia

Columnar

Experienced gardeners it is advised not to mess with columnar species in such a harsh climate. But still they are trying to grow and many are successful at it. True, you have to protect them with a shelter from frost and pay more attention.

The following can be attributed to winter-hardy:

• Senator - apples of medium size, dark red when ripe. Plant resistance to powdery mildew is high. Tolerant to other diseases. Sweet, juicy taste;
• The President is considered one of the best for Siberian conditions. The fruits are rather large, reaching 250 g, sweet and sour taste with a long-lasting aroma;
• The currency is uniquely resistant to disease. Possesses good keeping quality and dessert taste, medium-sized apples;
• Medoc - apples of honey flavor. The shelf life is about one and a half months. Very frost resistant;
• Iksha are ideal fruits for preserves and jams. Differs in a high content of fructose in the composition. Resistant to many diseases.

Also quite frost-resistant varieties are:

• Ostankino;
• Vasyugan;
• Chervonets;
• Sparkle;
• Dialog;
• Triumph, etc.

Dwarf

Most people want to have small fruit trees in the garden that are easy to maintain and do not take up much space. BUT grafted onto a dwarf stock still begin to bear fruit much earlier and are more frost-resistant than other species.

The most popular dwarf ones are:

• Zhigulevskoe;
• Russian beauty;
• Aport;
• Zarya Alatau;
• Welsey et al.

Stamp

Autumn standard ones are more adapted for harsh climates... And the fruits have time to ripen with good qualities. This is:

• Ural bulk;
• Anise purple;
• High;
• Gornoaltaiskoe;
• Memory of Zhavoronkov;
• Hope;
• Miasskoe.

Stamp apple trees.

Useful videos

Watch a video about apple varieties for Siberia:

Watch a video on how to plant an apple tree in Siberia:

Watch the video on how to form a creeping apple tree:

Watch a video on how to prepare apple trees for winter:

Conclusion

Harsh, long winters and short summer heat - all this sets certain tasks not only for beginners, but also for experienced fruit growers.

Therefore, the main attention should be paid to characteristics and references, and culture should be given more attention and care. Only in this case the garden will delight you with a beautiful flowering of apple trees and decent fruiting.

On our site you can find the most popular apple varieties for Siberia and the Urals with photos and descriptions.

The middle zone, which is the European part of Russia, is characterized by a temperate continental climate. She includes the entire European territory of the Volga region, Belarus and the North Caucasus.

And in order to grow an apple tree without any problems on your site, it is necessary to take into account the varietal characteristics inherent in the climate of temperate latitudes.

general characteristics

Varieties are usually subdivided by type, category, which in turn separate and characterize them on:

• early maturity;
• ripening time;
• taste;
• the size of the fruit;
• their storage periods;
• resistance to various diseases.

Types:

• fruiting from 3 to 5 years old - early;
• from 5 to 8 - medium fruit;
• from 6 and above - late-fruited.

Categories:

Variety	Harvest month
Summer	VII-VIII
Autumn	VIII-IX
Winter	IX-X

Experienced gardeners have learned to select varietal material so that they provide themselves with fruit. almost all year round. Beginners, before planting apple trees, need to gain experience and understand the difference between removable and consumer maturity:

• at ripeness, the fruit is fully formed. It can be removed from the tree and stored;
• consumer maturity - the final stage of apple pouring. At this stage, it acquires all the flavor characteristics, aroma and color characteristic of this variety.

Important! Apples, early and summer varieties, combine both stages. This means that the fruit is ready to eat straight from the bush.

A feature of summer varieties is a very short storage period. Whereas in winter, this period is quite long, but they gain consumer maturity after maturation, which also depends on varietal characteristics.

Summer and winter varieties differ in shelf life.

Taste characteristics are also different:

• summer varieties are almost all sweet and have a sour taste, which is a freshener in the hot season.
• autumn varieties are more delicious, but require a certain shelf life in order to gain characteristic properties.
• winter varieties of apple trees require timely collection, long-term storage and have a more astringent taste.

Apple trees more than two tens of thousands of varieties and it is not possible to describe all species for temperate latitudes. Let's dwell on the most common and find out good varieties of apple trees.

Apple varieties for central Russia with a description and photo

Apples of all varieties have a sweet and sour taste. Another thing, ratio of sugars and acids, which determines the main taste of the fruit.

Almost all of them self-infertile and require the presence of a number of apple trees - pollinators.

Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Which we will talk about below.

White filling

The apple tree has become famous enough high yield, as a result of which it received another name - Pudovshchina. Fruiting occurs in the sixth year.

The variety is summer. The fruits ripen in the third decade of August. Another advantage is good frost resistance.

The main disadvantage is too little keeping quality of fruits... On an industrial scale, the crop is not even processed in time. Same the variety is susceptible to rotting.

White filling.

Read more about the White filling apple variety in this article.

Bogatyr

Famous for high, annual harvest of large, delicious applesthat hold well, do not crumble.

They tolerate transportation well due to the long shelf life - up to 240 days. Possesses versatility of application.

Important! It is considered unpretentious in care.

According to gardeners, he has insufficient frost resistance and scab resistance... Also not very fast early maturity, amounting to 6 - 7 years.

Bogatyr.

You can read more about the Bogatyr apple here.

Bolotovskoe

Same, high-yielding, large-fruited, with long-term storage (until February), good taste characteristics of the fruit variety. It is noted for good transportability and versatility in processing.

High rates of winter hardiness and scab resistance.

There are few disadvantages, but they exist. This is not one-dimensionality of fruits and their crumbling during ripening.

Bolotovskoe.

You can find out more about the Bolotovskoe apple tree here.

Bratchud

The main advantage of Bratchud is the short stature of the plant. He is a natural dwarf, which significantly increases winter hardiness and ease of care and harvesting.

Apples have high commercial and consumer qualities. High, by the standards of low-growing apple trees, harvest.

Disadvantages are considered scab attack during the period of epiphytoties and a decrease in the quality of apples during hot dry summers.

Bratchud.

You can get more information about the Bratchud apple tree here.

Wagner's daughter

Is different compact crown and moderate growth... It has good winter hardiness and scab resistance. In fruiting by the standards of this type of fruit plants, it enters early (5 years after grafting). Apples of decent taste and large size.

The main shortcomings of Wagner's Daughter were not identified.

Meckintosh's daughter

Excellent, stable fruiting. Good winter hardiness and disease tolerance characteristics. Dessert, fortified with vitamins C and P taste.

Apples are enough large and stored almost until the second decade of January.

Daughter of Meckintosh.

Kovalenkovskoe

Positively characterized by beautiful fruits highly appreciated by consumer and commercial qualities... It is appreciated for its early maturity, yield and good frost resistance. It copes well with many diseases.

Negative characteristics:

• extended maturation;
• short term of use;
• thickening of the crown.

Kovalenkovskoe.

You can get more information about the Kovalenkovskoe apple variety here.

Candy

The main advantages are the taste characteristics of Candy. The apples are delicious with a candy aroma. The high early maturity of this summer species is also appreciated.

It is not used for industrial cultivation, since has a number of negative characteristics:

• difficult crown formation;
• poor transportability.

Attention! In amateur gardening, Candy is happily grown, although there are problems with winter hardiness and disease resistance. In addition, they ripen unevenly.

Candy.

You can learn more about Candy apple from this article.

Cinnamon new

The advantages are winter hardiness, fertility, resistance to fungal diseases... Large apples of dessert taste are appreciated, they do not shed and with good transportability.

To negative:

• average rates of early maturity;
• age frequency of fruiting;
• cracking of fruits;
• tall tree, not easy to form and maintain.

Cinnamon new.

More information about Cinnamon New in this article.

Radiant

Radiant has many virtues, including high annual yield, large fruit and excellent taste of apples... Good marks for winter hardiness and scab resistance. Good early maturity and versatility of the appointment until December.

The only major drawback, according to gardeners, is decay of fruits in a too rainy summer.

Radiant.

Read a detailed description of the Radiant variety here.

Mantet

An obvious plus is considered apple flavor and early ripening... High and stable productivity of a young plant (periodicity appears with age). Compact, medium-sized tree, easy to care for.

Minuses:

• average frost resistance;
• susceptibility of the hybrid to scab;
• short shelf life;
• extended ripening period.

Mantet.

You can learn more about the Mantet apple tree here.

Lungwort

In addition to the taste characteristic of the name, it is noted good winter hardiness and scab resistance... Fruits are large in size and mainly for table purposes. They also found their wide application in the preparation of fruit and berry wines.

The disadvantages of Medunitsa include average yield and inconvenience in maintenance behind a tall tree.

Lungwort.

You can find out more information about the apple tree Medunitsa from this article.

Melba

Rare summer hybrid with good transportability and with proper removal and storage, having the ability to persist until the New Year. It is also distinguished by large, with a peculiar dessert taste, large apples and their good harvest.

Indicators for frost and scab are average... Carefulness is required when removing from a tree. Timeliness of harvesting will not allow for shedding.

Melba.

You can read more about the Melba apple tree here.

Gift to Grafsky

One of the most highly winter-resistant and fungal-resistant hybrids, with high and regular fruiting. Regularity and stability are the main advantages. Huge and tasty fruits that can be stored for a long time (until April).

Flaws:

• tallness;
• average early maturity;
• different sizes of apples.

Gift to Grafsky.

Note! The crumbling rate exists, but is insignificant.

You can find out more about the apple variety Gift to Grafsky here.

North synap

The advantages of the North Sinap are considered to be it high yield and frost resistance. Enters fruiting rather quickly (5 years). The fruits look very beautiful, do not crumble and have a good, pleasant taste. They are stored for a very long time. In the conditions of the cellar, they can maintain their commercial and consumer qualities until May.

The disadvantages include moderate resistance to disease and negative attitudes towards droughts... Due to the tallness of the tree and the peculiarity of the structure of the crown, regular pruning and certain agrotechnical procedures are required.

Unfortunately, with age, periodicity in fruiting and a decrease in yield are manifested.

North synap.

A detailed description of the North Sinap variety can be found here.

Rock

The advantages of the Rock are considered increased resistance to frost and absolute resistance to scab. The rock is quite fruitful, fast-growing. Apples taste good and have a high vitamin C content.

There are few cons. Skeletal branches are located at too sharp an angle relative to the trunk and the use of apples for table purposes.

Rock.

More information about the Skala apple tree is presented here.

Sun

The advantage is considered high immunity to scab... A good yield is combined with an attractive type of apples with a rather long shelf life. The low size of the plant can also be considered a plus.

There are very few downsides. Basic - average values ​​of early maturity.

Sun.

Read more about the Sunny apple variety in this article.

Spartan

Plus a hybrid in beautiful, wonderful taste and long shelf life of fruits... Resistant to many diseases and fast enough. Spartan is unpretentious in care and growing conditions.

Minuses:

• insufficient winter hardiness;
• regular pruning;
• a noticeable decrease in fruit quality with age.

Spartan.

For more information on the Spartan apple tree, see this article.

Start

The value lies in absolute immunity to scab. Good yielding hybrid. It is famous for its use for high quality juices. Used for intensive cultivation.

But there is also a minus - insufficient indicators of resistance to frost.

Start.

Delight

Has all the necessary positive characteristics:

• winter-hardy;
• harvestable;
• is fast-growing;
• resistant to disease;
• apples have excellent taste ratings.

Minus in regular pruning and unevenness of apples.

Delight.

You can read more about the Delight variety in this article.

Apple saved

Any gardener will envy the merits. In addition to the wonderful appearance and taste characteristics of apples, it is distinguished by high early maturity, fertility, resistance to disease and frost. Very promising for commercial use.

Apple saved.

Important! The disadvantages of the Apple Savior have not been identified.

Read more about the variety Apple Spas here.

Variety selection

By maturity

By sweetness

The sweetness of apples is characterized not only by the sugar content. The main thing is the ratio of these sugars and acids is the sugar-acid coefficient.

Varieties are considered sweet if this coefficient 20/34... Sweet varieties:

• Bessemyanka Michurinskaya;
• Candy;
• Knight;
• Melba;
• Arkadik;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Zhigulevskoe;
• White filling;
• Moscow pear tree;
• Antonovka;
• Lungwort;
• Delight;
• Glory to the winners;
• Spartan;
• Welsey et al.

Watch a video of what the Medunitsa apple tree looks like:

Disease resistance

The resistance of apple trees to diseases allows gardeners to carry out less sanitization, which significantly affects the ecology of the crop.

From bacterial cancer not a single apple tree is insured. There are relatively stable, medium-resistant and low-resistant. Relatively stable include:

• Pepin is saffron;
• Antonovka ordinary;
• Cinnamon striped;
• Borovinka;
• Melba;
• Welsey;
• Folding.

In modern varieties, scab resistance is usually high. With good scab resistance and not only the following can be attributed:

• Scarlet anise;
• Arkadik;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Bolotovskoe;
• Bryansk;
• Verbnoe;
• Vesyalina;
• Wagner's daughter;
• Daughter of Mekintosh;
• Zhigulevskoe;
• Zaslavskoe;
• Imant;
• Imrus and others.

Watch a video of what the Bolotovskoe apple tree looks like:

By winter hardiness

Varieties, recommended for cultivation in the northern latitudes of the middle lane:

• Antaeus;
• Auxis;
• Baltic;
• Bashkir handsome;
• Golden autumn;
• Cinnamon new;
• Lungwort;
• North Synap;
• Solntsedar, etc.

By storage time

Long shelf life is inherent in winter and some late autumn varieties. Early varieties of apple trees are almost never stored.

Varieties with storage up to:

• Scarlet Anise - January;
• Antey - March;
• Antonovka ordinary - January;
• Belarusian raspberry-April;
• Belarusian sweet - February;
• Bogatyr - May;
• Bolotovskoe - February;
• Palm-May;
• Veteran - March;
• Winter Beauty - April;
• Immant - April;
• Imrus - February;
• March - March;
• Gift to Grafsky - April;
• Freshness - May;
• North Synap - May;
• Sinap Orlovsky - May;
• Spartan - April.

Of course, in order to preserve the harvest, it takes certain conditions for humidity and temperature conditions.

Watch a video on how to store apples at home:

By tree size

Medium-sized

Apple trees moderate growth Is when the height of an adult tree up to 5m... Such apple trees can live for 30-40 years and usually enter fruiting in 3-5 years from the moment of planting.

These include:

• Antaeus;
• Belarusian raspberry;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Borovinka;
• Bryansk;
• Verbnoe;
• Vesyalina;
• Zaslavskoe;
• Winter beauty;
• Immant;
• Imrus and many others.

Columnar

In recent years widespread among gardening enthusiasts, thanks to economical planting planning, early fruiting and disease resistance. This is:

• Moscow necklace;
• Baby;
• Currency;
• Vasyugan and others.

Semi-dwarf and dwarf

Dwarf apple trees grow up to 2 m in height, and semi-dwarf up to 4... Small growth makes it easier to follow the plant, harvest. Due to its compactness, it is possible to compact the plantings, which will significantly increase the productivity of the garden.

These types include:

• Lingonberry;
• Wagner's daughter;
• Elena;
• Early red;
• Legend;
• Lighthouse Zagorje;
• Rock;
• Sun;
• Candy dwarf;
• Grushevka near Moscow, etc.

By zoning

All of the above varieties are zoned for the middle zone of our country.

Suitability for growing with elevated groundwater levels

With a high location of groundwater, the plant should plant either on mounds, or choose dwarf or columnar varieties... Because their root system has a fibrous structure and does not penetrate deep into the ground.

Important! The apple tree does not like stagnant water at the root system.

By the characteristics of fruiting

It is very rare to meet and grow a variety that will bear fruit annually. Young plants practically all give an annual harvest. Someone is stable, someone is less. Much depends on care and agrotechnical measuresheld by the gardener.

With annual fruiting

• Arkadik;
• Belarusian raspberry;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Bogatyr;
• Lingonberry;
• Bryansk;
• Verbnoe;
• Vesyalina;
• Elena;
• Immant;
• Kandil Orlovsky;
• Kovalenkovskoe;
• Early red;
• Legend;
• Lobo and many others.

Large-fruited

• Antaeus;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Bogatyr;
• Bryansk;
• Wagner's daughter;
• Daughter of Mekintosh;
• Zhigulevskoe;
• Zaslavskoe;
• Legend;
• Radiant;
• Gift to Grafsky;
• Freshness;
• Rock, etc.

Watch a video of what the Antey apple tree looks like:

Promising varieties

Farmel

Late summer. WITHlightly growing plant with large, up to 250 g apples of sweet and sour dessert taste. High yield, early maturity characterizes this promising hybrid.

Farmel.

Rossoshskoe august

Summer, medium-sized species with medium-sized fruits of a round-conical shape. With a sweet - sour and weak aroma. The yield is high. Bears fruit regularly. Winter hardiness is high.

Rossoshskoe august.

Read more about the Rossoshanskoye august apple tree in this article.

Glory to the winners

Tall apple tree with medium and large fruits, autumn ripening period. Excellent taste, with a slight sourness. It is impossible to list the many varieties that appear annually.

Glory to the winners.

Read more about the apple variety Glory to the winners here.

Recommended for intensive cultivation

These should be apple trees that are easy to care for, resistant to diseases and frost. The crown of trees should not be difficult to form and prune. These are varieties that do not require constant human attention:

• Antaeus;
• Welsey;
• Bryansk;
• Imrus;
• Delicacy;
• Verbnoe;
• Freshness;
• Veteran;
• Sinap Orlovsky;
• Start, etc.

Conclusion

As mentioned above, today there are more than twenty thousand varieties and hybrids of apple trees. Therefore, each gardener, before purchasing this fruit crop for cultivation, should study their characteristics and features in order to satisfy their taste or other needs.

And we, in turn, tried to help you by presenting the best varieties of apple trees with photos.

The apple tree is one of the favorite fruit trees of Russian gardeners. It must be grown on the site, if only the space permits. Since the selection is constantly developing, the cultivation of new varieties is now possible not only in areas with the most suitable climate for gardening, but also in the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East. Accordingly, the apple tree must be chosen based on the characteristics of the climate and the possible vagaries of the weather in a certain area.

What apple trees and where to grow

The climate of Russia is very diverse. These are both warm southern regions, which are almost ideal for gardening, and areas to which the definition of "risky farming zone" is quite suitable. In no case should you forget about this when choosing an apple tree for your personal plot, otherwise the money and time for caring for it will be wasted.

In outskirts of Moscow

The climate in the Moscow region is rather unstable; winters can be both quite warm and very cold. Therefore, it is better to choose varieties of apple trees that are resistant to such temperature fluctuations, and in order to be on the safe side, it is imperative to build a shelter or otherwise protect them from quite possible frosts. At the same time, statistics show that winters in the Moscow region are gradually becoming warmer, and most of the precipitation occurs in summer. For gardening, this climate is quite favorable.

Zhigulevskoe

The achievement of Soviet breeders is Zhigulevskoe, a variety of late apples that ripen during September. The specific period is influenced by the weather in summer. The fruits will have to be picked 3-4 times, they ripen in "waves". It is popular due to its high yield (provided that there are pollinating varieties) and presentability of fruits weighing 180–250 g. Smooth glossy shiny burgundy skin. The pulp does not differ in juiciness. Taste qualities are rated by professionals at 3.8 points out of five. Fresh apples have a shelf life of 6–8 weeks.

The tree reaches a height of 5.5–6 m. The crown is wide, slightly thickened. It practically forms itself; from the gardener, only sanitary and growth-inhibiting pruning is required.

Zhigulevskoe has average winter hardiness. If the temperature in winter drops below -30 ° C, old shoots may freeze. Young shoots are less sensitive to frost. The rootstock of cold-resistant varieties - Brusnichnoe, Anis can solve this problem. A significant drawback is the lack of immunity to scab.

Apple tree Zhigulevskoe is a vigorous tree that needs annual pruning

Grushovka Moscow

Popular summer variety. The first apples ripen somewhere in the middle of August, fruiting lasts 2-3 weeks. The taste of apples is sweet and sour, refreshing, the pulp has an amazing aroma. But this only applies to fresh apples. They will lie for a maximum of a month, then they will almost lose their taste, the pulp will become "cottony". The peel of apples is yellowish, with a pinkish "blush". Each fruit weighs approximately 80 g.

The height of an adult apple tree is more than 6 m, the crown is very thickened. In young trees, it resembles a pyramid, over time it becomes more spreading, gradually turning into an almost regular ball.

The Moscow pear tree needs a lot of space in the garden

Delight

A variety of apples, the ripening of which stretches from mid-summer to the end of September. The first fruits are removed while still green, then the skin acquires a rich dark red hue. The aroma of freshly picked apples is reminiscent of raspberries. The variety is self-infertile, pollinators are President, Orlik, Bogatyr.

The tree grows up to 3–3.5 m. The spherical crown stretches as it matures, gradually turning into an oval one. The first harvest can be counted on 4–5 years after planting; an adult apple tree consistently bears 85–100 kg of fruits.

Delight almost never gets sick with scab, even if the summer is very rainy, it tolerates frost well. The apple tree needs to be cut off regularly, otherwise the fruit shrinks.

If you do not take care of the Delight apple tree, the fruits quickly become smaller

Lead or Streyfling

Also, this Baltic variety is known as Autumn striped. Strifel differs from the rest of the apple trees in size - up to 8 m in height with a crown diameter of 7–10 m. It does not differ in early maturity - the first harvest is removed 7–8 years after planting the seedling. The variety is self-infertile, as pollinators are suitable for Welsey, Papirovka, Antonovka.

The tree is sensitive to drought and requires regular watering. Winter hardiness - within -25 ° C. At lower temperatures, the tips of young branches may freeze. The yield is simply amazing - 320–350 kg per apple tree. But she alternates such successful seasons with lean ones. About once every 4–5 years, you don't have to wait for apples.

An apple weighs 100 g or a little more. They are round in shape, the ribs are easily felt. They are very juicy. The skin is yellowish-green, with stripes gradually changing from pinkish to crimson. The taste is harmonious, sweet and sour; notes of clove are often caught in the aroma. The fruits do not differ in keeping quality, the maximum shelf life is a month.

Strifel is one of the most popular Baltic varieties

Lungwort

An "old well-deserved" variety of apples ripening at the very end of summer. Inherited from parents excellent cold resistance and almost absolute immunity to scab. Begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years after planting the seedling. Until about the 15th year of the tree's life, harvests are annual and abundant, then successful seasons in this regard alternate with unsuccessful ones.

The apple in the form of a flattened ball weighs 120–150 g, the flesh is sweet. The skin is yellowish-creamy, with a purple spot that occupies almost half of its surface. The shelf life is 20-30 days.

The lungwort is resistant to scab and all types of rot. It can be grown even where groundwater comes very close to the surface, which is, in principle, not typical for apple trees.

The lungwort, unlike other apple trees and fruit trees in general, can grow and bear fruit where groundwater comes very close to the surface.

Orlinka

Summer apples, valued for their excellent taste, as well as their immunity to scab and cold resistance down to -30 ° C. Professionals give taste a score of 4.3-4.5 points out of five. Presentability is also all right - apples of medium size (150-200 g), uniform. They seem to be slightly flattened, the ribs are almost not felt. The skin is glossy, yellowish cream, with bright crimson blush spots. Under it there are many large dots of salad color. The pulp is crispy and firm.

Fruits ripen en masse in mid-August, do not differ in keeping quality (shelf life - only 15–20 days). You can count on about 200 kg per apple tree. Some specimens can hang on it until the end of September, but this is not good for the taste, the flesh becomes almost transparent, watery.

You shouldn't hesitate in picking Orlink's apples, the quality of the fruit is sharply deteriorating

Candy

Early ripening variety of apples (3-4th year after planting). The abundance of fruiting cannot boast (50–90 kg), but the taste of apples is beyond praise. It will be possible to save them for 3-4 weeks, no more.

They ripen at the junction of July and August. The apple weighs 120–150 g. The pulp is sweet, the taste has a slight hint of honey. The skin is golden, with a peach blush.

The tree is of medium height - about 4.5 m. The crown is spherical, not spreading, densely leafy, requires regular pruning. Trees are often sick with scab. As we age, productive seasons alternate with periods of “rest”.

The taste of Candy apples fully justifies the name

Melba

A well-known Canadian apple variety, grown not only at home for over a century. Apple trees grow up to 4–5 m, the initially elongated crown then gradually changes its shape to a wide one. Fruits ripen closer to the 20th of August.

Apples weighing 160-200 g, slightly flattened. The green skin gradually changes its tone to yellowish and is covered with burgundy stripes of blush. Ripe apples can be distinguished by their whitish coating. Characterized by multiple subcutaneous dots of a pale salad color. The pulp is snow-white, melting in the mouth. The smell is honey-candy, the taste is sweet, with almost indistinguishable sourness. Ripe (not overripe) fruits will last until the end of autumn, harvested slightly unripe - until the New Year.

Apples tolerate transportation well. Melba often suffers from scab; as it ages, fruiting cycles are noted. It is a favorite material for breeders' experiments.

With Melba's participation, breeders have created more than 20 new varieties, including the first scab-resistant Prima

Pepin saffron

Winter apple variety by the famous IV Michurin, one of his best achievements. Partially self-fertile, but planting near Welsey, Antonovka, Slavyanka has a positive effect on yield. Fruiting every year, you can count on 250-280 kg of apples.

Then the fruit ripens for about 6-8 weeks and can be stored until March-April. Taste and presentability are not affected in any way. Apples are small enough, weighing 90-130 g.The skin is thick, greenish-yellow. The blush is bright, crimson. Multiple small specks are visible under the skin. The taste is harmonious, with subtle sourness. The stalk is very strong, ripe apples do not crumble even with sharp gusts of wind.

The apple tree needs to be pruned annually, otherwise the fruits become very shallow, when individual shoots freeze out, it quickly recovers. The variety is often infected with scab and various types of rot, for some reason the moth is especially fond of it.

Pepin saffron is deservedly considered one of the best achievements of I. V. Michurin

White filling

An early variety that every gardener has heard of. It is often confused with Papirovka. The apple tree grows up to 4.5–5 m, the crown is wide. At first it resembles a pyramid, then it looks more like a ball. Productivity - up to 180 kg from an adult tree, then decreases to 80-100 kg. Winter hardiness is very high.

Even mature apples have a very pale skin, almost indistinguishable yellowish-green hue, hence the name. They appear translucent in the sun. Under it, brighter salad dots are clearly visible. As the tree ages, the apples gradually become smaller from the initial 120–140 g to 60–75 g. The fruits resemble a rounded cone with an obligatory "seam" on the side.

The pulp is tender, rather loose. If the fruit is not removed in time, it turns into a cotton candy, the characteristic sweet and sour taste changes to a mealy. The first wave of apples ripens in the 10th of August, the next - in about 3 weeks. They are stored for a maximum of 10-12 days.

Now apples White filling is grown more for nostalgic reasons, in order to feel the same "taste of childhood", the variety is not devoid of significant drawbacks

In the Urals

In the Urals, even apple trees specially bred for this region often do not survive. Also, they are almost regularly exposed to returnable spring frosts, which occur precisely during the flowering period. It is best to purchase those varieties that are bred in the Urals.

Bugler

Very common in the region. The height of the apple tree is 4.5–6 m, it is quite powerful, with a pyramidal crown. The variety is self-fertile, as any other apple tree with the same flowering time will do as a pollinator. The bugler is not afraid of colds down to -50 ° C, it is very rarely infected with scab.

The apples are medium-sized, weighing about 100 g. But fruiting is annual and abundant (about 200 kg). The fruit is uniform, a bit like eggs. The ribs are hardly palpable. The skin is light yellow, the blush is indistinct crimson strokes. The taste is wonderful - 4.4-4.5 points out of five. Fruits ripen towards the end of August, they are not stored for a long time (maximum 15–20 days).

Hornist is one of the most common apple varieties in the Urals.

Ural bulk

Late ripening apples. The culture is very undemanding to the quality of the soil. The leaves on this tree bloom before anyone else. It is not too high (up to 4 m), but with a very dense crown. Branches slightly sag with age. The tree bears fruit for the first time 2 years after planting. About 250 kg of fruit are removed from an adult apple tree.

And so small (55–75 g) fruits on old trees become smaller up to 35–40 g. The skin of ripe fruits is sunny yellow, with indistinct spots of pinkish blush. The pulp is yellowish cream. Light sourness is practically not felt.

If you plan to prepare compotes and juices, fruits are harvested in the first decade of September. Apples for food - in 15 days. The October ones are great for any preparations. Fresh will lie for 8-10 weeks.

Ural liquor - medium-sized, but very sweet apples

Silver Hoof

A popular summer variety of apples. Of all the Urals, it was he who received the greatest distribution in Russia. The tree is 3-4 m high, the crown is spherical, rather dense, but very compact. The variety is self-fertile, the best pollinator option is Anis Sverdlovsky. The apple tree is prone to scab and rot infestation, especially if the summer is rainy.

The weight of apples is determined by the quality of the substrate, ranging from 75–80 g to 110–125 g.The fruits are roundish, the skin is yellowish cream. Ripe apples are covered with a whitish coating. Blush is vague, reddish. The pulp is firm.

Fruits ripen in the second half of August. Even perfectly ripe apples do not fall from the trees. After 10-15 days, they become similar to the White filling, acquiring a similar translucency. The shelf life of ripe apples is 4–6 weeks. The fruits tolerate transportation well.

Silverhoof apples are very shallow when grown in infertile soil

Beauty of Sverdlovsk

One of the most promising Ural varieties, which is of interest all over the world. Significant disadvantages are self-infertility and cold hardiness not always sufficient for the Urals within -30 ° C. The apple tree is medium-sized, up to 4 m. A characteristic feature is burgundy buds. The variety cannot boast of early maturity (6–7 years), but then the yield is excellent - 220–250 kg per tree.

Fruits weighing 170–250 g, slightly tapering towards the bottom. The pulp is fine-grained, crispy.

Fruits ripen in September. If long-term storage is planned, they are removed 7-10 days earlier. The peel of unripe apples is green, then it acquires a yellowish tint, the almost imperceptible aroma is enhanced.

The beauty of Sverdlovsk is a very promising variety, which is being looked at not only in Russia.

Screen

An autumn apple variety that is rapidly gaining popularity. It grows rapidly, reaching its maximum 3-4 m in several years. The crown is spreading, not too dense. Fruits ripen on the 10th of September. The variety is self-fertile, the first apples are harvested 4–5 years after planting.

The apples are small enough, weighing 70–95 g, slightly flattened. The skin is pale yellow with a whitish coating. Blush - pale pink blurry specks. The pulp is tender, with a pronounced aroma. The taste is rated 4.5 out of five. The fruits are low in vitamin C.

If you provide the apples with the right conditions, they can easily last until the end of winter. The screen rarely suffers from diseases, the only exception is scab.

When growing apples of the Ekranny variety, special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of scab

Amber

Autumn apple variety suitable for long storage. But for this they need to be filmed not in the 15th of September, but at the very end of August. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is wide, not thickened. The first harvest can be expected 7–8 years after planting. The variety is self-fertile.

Fruits are small, when grown on infertile soils - weighing 40-50 g, in more suitable soil they reach 70-75 g. The skin is bright, amber-yellow, there is no blush. The pulp is very dense and juicy, the taste is harmonious, sweet and sour.

Amber is a self-fertile apple tree; any variety blooming at the same time is suitable as a pollinator

In Siberia

For this region, not only high frost resistance is important, but also the height of the tree. The larger it is, the higher the likelihood that the apple tree will suffer from prolonged cold weather and piercing winds. It is also worth taking into account the short, not always warm summer.

Gornoaltaiskoe

"Semi-wild" summer variety of apples. The height of the tree is 3–3.5 m. The crown is very thick and wide (up to 6 m). The wood is loose, fragile, so skeletal branches often break. With an excess of precipitation, the fruits often crack.

The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year. The apples are small, weighing up to 40 g, but the tree is literally dotted with them. The total yield is 35–40 kg from an adult apple tree. The tree has a lifespan of up to 45 years. The taste is rated at 4 points.

Fruits ripen at the very end of August. When left on a tree, they quickly overripe and acquire an unpleasant mealy taste.

The skeletal branches of the Gornoaltaiskoye apple tree often break

Altai souvenir

Autumn apples, suitable for long (3.5–4 months) storage. The tree grows up to 3 m, the crown is spherical, not thickened. The variety is immune to scab, often affected by moniliosis. Bears fruit annually.

Apples for Siberia are large, 95–125 g.The skin of apples is yellowish-white, with a crimson blush of their fine strokes and indistinct spots. The pulp is sweet and sour, crispy.

A significant drawback of the Altai Souvenir apple tree is susceptibility to moniliosis

Bayan

Self-fertile variety of winter apples, ripening in the 15th of September. Each weighs on average 100-120 g, the skin is golden, covered with longitudinal purple stripes and spots. The apples are almost spherical, with slightly pronounced ribs.

The height of the tree is up to 3.5 m, the crown is sparse. The variety is insensitive to drought, not affected by scab. Productivity - about 75 kg per apple tree, regular fruiting.

The fruits of Bayan's apple tree look very exotic due to the unusual shade of the skin.

Cherished

It is one of the most widespread varieties in Siberia. It is rarely attacked by diseases and pests. The tree grows up to 3 m or slightly less. The crown is spherical, sparse. Differs in early maturity - the first fruits are removed after 4 years.

The apples are small, weighing 55–70 g. The skin is pale salad, with a crimson blush. The pulp is dense, the characteristic smell is weak. In the sweet and sour taste, strawberry notes are guessed. Fruits ripen en masse in the 15th of September, under suitable conditions they do not spoil for 4–5 months.

Apple tree Cherished deservedly enjoys great popularity among Siberian gardeners

Darkie

A variety of summer apples grown mainly in Altai. They taper noticeably towards the base. Apples weigh no more than 45-50 g. The skin is golden, the blush is claret. The pulp is yellowish-creamy, with pinkish veins. Fruits ripen in the 15th of August, they are kept fresh for a month, no more.

The first harvest will have to wait 4–5 years, then annual fruiting. The dark-haired woman is extremely rarely affected by scab.

Apple-tree Smuglyanochka almost never suffers from scab

In Belarus

The climate in Belarus does not differ much from the conditions of the European part of the territory of Russia. But there they prefer varieties of their own selection:

• Darunak. It is appreciated for its immunity to scab, winter hardiness, fruit size (320-360 g), suitability for long-term (spring) storage. The skin is lettuce, almost entirely hidden by the raspberry blush.
• Imant. It is immune to scab, is frost-hardy, and bears a harvest every year. The fruit weighs about 200 g and tapers towards the bottom. The skin is deeply scarlet, with a purple tint. Stored until March-April.
• Syabryn. A variety of winter apples, which is valued for its immunity to scab, early maturity, stability and abundance of fruiting. The fruit weighs about 125–160 g. The skin is yellowish-white, the blush is indistinct crimson spots. Apples will last until February-March.
• Armor. The tree grows rather slowly. The apples are in the shape of an almost regular ball, weighing 225–250 g. The skin is slightly oily to the touch, with a bluish bloom. Color - salad with crimson blush. Flesh with a pronounced odor, crispy. Shelf life is until April.
• Elena. One of the new varieties of summer apples, characterized by cold resistance and abundant fruiting, not suffering from scab. Fruits weigh 130–160 g and ripen in September. Fruiting is stable. Lettuce peel with carmine blush. The shape is slightly flattened. Taste by professionals is estimated at 4.8 points.
• Kovalenkovskoe. Late-summer apples, trees are not very sensitive to drought. The fruits are very sweet, even unripe fruits are not sour. The greenish skin is almost invisible under the dark scarlet blush. On average, an apple weighs 125–170 g.
• Alesya. Winter apples. A distinctive feature of the variety is drought resistance. Apples weigh about 175-210 g, as if they are slightly flattened. The skin is golden, the blush is indistinct crimson spots. The pulp is rather loose.

Photo gallery: apple trees of the Belarusian selection

In Ukraine

The climate of Ukraine, especially its southern regions, is ideal for gardening. Almost any variety can be grown there, so the choice is mainly influenced by the size of the apples, their taste and visual appeal. The most popular are:

• Julia.Summer apples, you can save them for only 15–20 days. They weigh an average of 130-145 g. Salad skin is practically invisible under the pale scarlet blush. Has a genetically built immunity to scab and powdery mildew.
• Greenleaves. Autumn apples in the shape of an almost regular ball, shelf life 6-8 weeks. They weigh about 145-180 g. The skin is yellowish-green. The pulp is very firm and crispy. The taste is rated at 4.7 points. Differs in very high resistance to pathogenic fungi.
• Topaz. An excellent storage variety, stably and abundantly fruiting. The fruit will last until mid-spring. The average apple weight is 135–150 g. The main skin tone is almost invisible under the reddish-brown blush. Flesh with a pronounced aroma, crispy. Immune to scab, all types of rot, cancer, often suffers from powdery mildew.
• Modi. Elite apples, ripening in the last days of September, can be stored until mid-spring. The weight of a slightly flattened apple is 175–210 g. The salad skin is hidden under a deep burgundy blush. The professional assessment of taste is very high - 4.8 points.
• Williams Pride. Apples ripening in late July. The skin is greenish-silvery, with a rich scarlet blush. Fruiting is unstable. Genetically resistant to scab, powdery mildew.
• Fuji. Standing out in size (250-280 g) sweet apples, ripening in September. The high sugar content in the pulp is characteristic. The skin is yellowish, completely hidden by a blush in the form of stripes of different shades of pink, scarlet, burgundy. Often suffers from a bacterial burn, powdery mildew.
• Rubinola. Winter apples. The yield is not amazing, but stable. Fruit can stay in the refrigerator for up to six months. The fruit weighs an average of 160-190 g. The skin is yellowish, the blush, as the name suggests, is ruby.
• Florina. Winter French variety, distinguished by its early maturity. From an apple tree, 75–85 kg of fruit are obtained, each weighing 110–165 g on average. The skin is yellowish, the blush is deep scarlet. The presence of whitish spots under it is characteristic. The taste is bland, earned 4.1 points. Immune to scab, moniliosis, powdery mildew, extremely rarely affected by aphids.
• Red Jonaprince or Black Prince. Appreciated for the early maturity and size of apples (more than 250 g). Fruits ripen on the 15th of September. The skin is a deep burgundy color, it seems black from a distance. It perfectly tolerates transportation, can be stored for up to six months. The variety is self-fertile, good pollinators - Bradburn, Elstar.

Photo gallery: varieties grown in Ukraine

Triploid apple trees

They, in comparison with diploid ones, differ in a large number of chromosomes. Outwardly, this is expressed in the high height of the apple tree itself, stable annual fruiting. The apples themselves are smaller, the tree does not suffer from overload, but they are larger. At the moment, about a hundred such varieties are known, most of them were obtained by chance. None of them are used as pollinators.

• August. Ripens in the 15th of August. Not affected by scab. Fruits weighing 160-185 g, taper towards the bottom. The skin is yellowish, the blush is transparent scarlet.
• Bezhin meadow. It is valued for its abundance of fruiting, but is often affected by scab. The average weight of an apple is about 145–160 g. The skin is salad, the blush is dark crimson. The harvest is removed in early September, it is stored until the New Year.
• Grace. It stands out by the weight of the fruits (on average about 250 g), the tree for the triploid is not tall. The skin is salad green, blush in the form of vague crimson strokes. Apples ripen in the last days of September, in suitable conditions they will last until spring.
• Alexander Boyko. Winter grade. Fruits weigh on average 180–220 g. The yellowish skin is practically invisible under the orange-red blush. Differs in winter hardiness, stored until March.
• Zhilinskoe. Genetically resistant to scab. The apple tree is about 3.5 m high. The weight of the apple is 180–210 g. The skin looks like glossy, oily to the touch. Blush - wide longitudinal crimson stripes. Fruits ripen in early August.
• Patriot.Cold-resistant variety. The weight of the apple is 240–290 g. The skin is golden, the blush is vague, reddish. Fruits ripen on the 15th of September, they can be stored until February.
• Turgenevskoe. A winter variety that does not suffer from scab. Ripens towards the end of September. An apple weighs on average 180–220 g. The skin is oily to the touch, yellowish, intense blush, brick shade. Stored until March.

Photo gallery: triploid apple trees

Good and winter-hardy varieties of apples: names and descriptions

Winter-hardy apple trees are specially bred for cultivation in the Urals, Siberia, and other regions with a similar climate. Moreover, they are not only able to withstand prolonged cold weather and quickly recover if they do get damaged. They are insensitive to return spring frosts and temperature changes during thaws.

• Lingonberry. Self-infertile variety. Apples weighing 75–90 g. The skin is pale yellow, the blush is bright red, indistinct. The tree is up to 3 m high, the crown is spreading, the branches are drooping.
• Mantet. The tree is about 4 m high, the crown is sparse. The apples are elongated, with slightly pronounced ribs, weighing 110–140 g. The skin is yellow-green, covered with crimson strokes and dots. It ripens in early autumn and is stored for 15–20 days.
• July Chernenko. The tree is about 6 m high, the crown is wide. Apples weighing about 100 g, lettuce color with burgundy blush and gray wax bloom. Fruits ripen in waves, fall off when overripe.
• Early scarlet. The height of the tree is about 4 m. Apples weighing 60–75 g, asymmetrical. The greenish skin is almost completely hidden by a dark scarlet blush. Ripens in mid-August.
• Sunflower. Apple tree 3-4 m high, densely leafy crown, wide. The weight of a slightly flattened apple is 70–80 g, the skin is yellowish-white, the blush is raspberry. It ripens at the very beginning of autumn, it will not lie fresh for a long time (maximum 3 weeks).
• Auxis. The height of the apple tree is about 3.5 m, the crown is sparse. Apples weigh on average 145-175 g. The yellowish peel is practically invisible under the raspberry blush. Ripens in early autumn and is stored until the New Year.

Photo gallery: frost-resistant varieties

Undersized apple trees

Low-growing apple trees are a great option for those who need to save space in the garden. They are also much easier to care for and harvest, which is important for older gardeners. Columnar apple trees, which have recently become very popular, belong to this category.

• Moscow necklace. Winter variety of columnar apple tree. The height of the tree is about 2 m. The mass of an apple in the form of an almost regular ball varies from 120 to 250 g. The green skin is completely hidden by a maroon blush. Ripens at the end of September, is stored for 3.5-4 months. Frost resistant.
• Bratchud (Brother of the Wonderful). Winter apple variety, natural elite. The height of the tree is 1.5–2.5 m. The weight of the apple is about 150 g. The skin is yellow-green, the blush is transparent-scarlet. Ripens in early October, is stored at least until February.
• Legend. The height of the tree is about 2.5 m. The average weight of an apple is 220 g or more. The skin is deeply scarlet, covered with even darker strokes. Ripens in October and is stored for 10-12 weeks.
• Sun. It is immune to scab. The height of the apple tree is about 2 m. The weight of the apple is 160–200 g. The skin is yellowish, the blush is vague, crimson. It ripens in the 15th of September and is stored in February.

Photo gallery: dwarf trees

Popular varieties

Amateur gardeners have recently been increasingly planting varieties that had previously been successfully grown on an industrial scale. Their advantage is that all their advantages and disadvantages are well known.

• Liberty. It can be grown in the south and in central Russia. Immune to scab, but often suffers from powdery mildew. Brings 120-130 kg of fruit from an adult tree. Apple weight - 145–160 g. Salad skin, deep burgundy blush. It ripens in the 15th of September.
• Golden Resistant. Quite low cold resistance, often infected with scab and powdery mildew.Other apple trees are needed for pollination (Idared, Gloucester, Elstar). Brings 50-60 kg of fruit every year. The fruits weigh 145-170 g, the skin, as the name suggests, is golden. Ripens in late September. Annual pruning required.
• Baritone. It is rarely affected by most of the diseases typical for the culture, it tolerates transportation well. Apples weigh 180–220 g. The skin is maroon with a whitish bloom. Ripens in the last days of August, is stored for about 4 weeks.
• Enterprise. It rarely becomes infected with any disease. Self-sterile. Florina, Fuji, Elstar, Granny Smith are suitable for pollination. The fruits are barrel-shaped, weighing about 175–220 g. The skin is dark scarlet. Stored until March-April.
• Ligol. A variety of winter apples. Often suffers from fire blight. Needs pollinators (Idared, Macintosh, Champion, Lobo). Annual pruning required. It stands out for its fruit size (over 250 g). Fruits with a characteristic lateral seam. The skin is glossy, yellowish, the blush is deep scarlet. Shelf life - up to six months.
• Askold. A frost-resistant variety that does not suffer from scab. Very weak resistance to powdery mildew. Brings 60–70 kg per tree. The weight of the apple is 180–210 g. The bright yellow skin is almost completely hidden by the crimson blush. It ripens in the last days, is stored at least until February.
• Champion. The variety is partially self-fertile, as pollinators Idared, Gala, Pilot are suitable. Apples are uniform, weighing 185–230 g. The yellowish skin is practically invisible under the blush of longitudinal vague reddish stripes. It ripens in early October and is stored for about six months. Does not differ in frost resistance.

Photo gallery: new varieties of apple trees

Gardeners reviews

Choosing an apple tree to grow is not an easy task. It is very easy to get confused in the wide variety of achievements of breeders. Nowadays, large tasty apples can be cultivated almost throughout Russia, with the exception of areas with arctic and subarctic climates. It is necessary to take into account many factors, first of all - the climate in the growing region.

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