Walnuts are the best varieties

The taste and useful properties of these wonderful fruits are probably known to all our readers. Do you know which varieties of walnuts are distinguished by winter hardiness, high productivity, resistance to pests and diseases, and excellent fruit quality? We will tell you about this in this article.

Walnut: description

Many have seen this powerful deciduous tree. It has a developed root system. The fruits of this tree are dry drupes with fleshy inedible plyus. They dry out and crack when ripe. In terms of size, the fruits are small, large or medium. Their shape depends on the type of tree - round, oval, oval-oblong, oblong-squeezed from the sides, ovoid, etc.

The shell has an almost smooth, finely and coarsely wrinkled, sometimes lumpy surface with numerous cells. All varieties of walnuts are both moisture- and heat-loving crops, capable of developing and producing crops only in warm, southern regions, prefer moist lands. The nut grows and develops well where the average annual air temperature is not less than +10 ° С, and in the warmest month the air warms up to +25 ° С. That is why, in the middle lane, most of the walnut fruits do not have time to ripen.

Today, there are many varieties and varieties of this tree, which are resistant to light frosts and diseases and have a pleasant taste. Many of them yield excellent harvests.

How to plant a tree?

Descriptions of walnut varieties today can be found in all gardening publications, so every summer resident can try to grow this tree on his site. Any soil is suitable for him. It is important to dig a hole, the depth of which will be at least a meter, and the diameter is about fifty centimeters. Place the seedlings in water for two days before moving them into the hole. If you do everything right, in three to four years the tree will delight you with its first harvest.

Popular varieties

Gardeners of our country note several varieties that are in high demand and are considered the best. They are selected according to several criteria. Nuts with a thin shell and a large round shape are of particular value.

Today, 21 varieties of walnuts are cultivated on the territory of our country. However, some of them are grown more often than others. These include, first of all, such varieties as "ideal" and "giant". We will tell you more about them below. In regions of Russia where winter is not too harsh, early-growing forms are planted, which were obtained by breeders from the Tashkent region.

Walnut: grade "ideal"

In the fifties of the last century, S. Kalmykov, a breeder from Fergana, bred a new variety of early-growing walnut. It begins to bear fruit in the fifth year. Walnut ("ideal" variety) has inflorescences that form a brush, on which several nuts appear at once. The main feature of this variety is the possibility of a second flowering with many nut ovaries.

By the time this variety was received, a series of articles about early-growing nuts bred in Fergana had appeared in magazines. Many varieties of S. S. Kalmykov began to bear fruit at the age of two. They were undersized (no more than 2 m), while 10-18 fruits were tied in the brush. These articles caused a furor among gardeners. The famous breeder began to receive letters from all over the Soviet Union.

Quite a large walnut of the "ideal" variety has won recognition among Russian gardeners for its high frost resistance. It can withstand frosts down to -35 degrees. Seeds are planted in the fall in the ground to a depth of 10 centimeters. At the end of June (next year), the first shoots appear, and by autumn the seedling grows to fifty centimeters. It is important that there is no need to cover young trees for the winter.

"Ideal" needs an abundance of sunlight, it does not tolerate shading well. The tree develops and grows well on loamy calcareous soils, moderately moist. The tree has a strong, wide root system, so the nut should be planted away from various buildings. Flowering begins in May, fruits can be harvested at the end of September. Flowers are collected in inflorescences, from which clusters of nuts are formed.

After three years, the nut begins to bear fruit. Growing up, the tree increases its yield. It grows to an average of five meters. It has a good harvest (120 kg). These numbers refer to an adult plant (12 years old). The mass of the nuclei is on average 10-12 grams.

"Dessert"

The varieties of walnuts that are in demand in our country today are also adequately represented by the early ripening "dessert" variety. It is a medium-sized tree (3 meters high) with a spreading crown.

The variety is resistant to drought, the tree bears fruit sweetish in taste in a powerful shell. This variety is intended for cultivation in the south of our country, since flower buds and wood of a tree are affected in severe frosts. In the fourth year after planting, the tree begins to bear fruit. This variety is distinguished by stable and abundant yields. The fruits ripen in mid-September. On average, up to 25 kg of nuts are removed from one tree. The mass of the nuclei is up to 15 grams. This variety can be classified as large-fruited.

Black walnut

It is a wind-pollinated monoecious plant. The height of the tree reaches fifty meters. The length of cirrus leaves reaches forty centimeters and a width of twenty centimeters. They have a pronounced balsamic smell. Such a tree bears fruit in the tenth year.

The fruit of a black walnut is covered with a thick, durable peel. They are larger than traditional ones, and their core is much darker, and has numerous grooves. Black walnut peel is rich in vitamins (especially vitamin C).

The kernel of the black walnut contains proteins, carbohydrates and oils. The leaves of this tree and the pericarp are used in the manufacture of some medicines (in particular for dietary supplements).

Black walnut is a light-loving plant. It is not particularly demanding for heat. This is a winter-hardy variety, however, in the first years after planting, the plant is sensitive to frost. Therefore, it is recommended to cover it at this time. Black walnut tolerates excessive moisture well, withstands flooding of the soil for 1.5 months.

The soil for this variety is preferable to be neutral or slightly alkaline. It should be mulched and loose. The tree needs protection from the wind.

"Elegant"

Walnut varieties, photos of which you can see in this article, ripen at different times. "Graceful" refers to the mid-early, as it bears fruit at the end of September. The tree reaches a height of five meters, has a powerful structure and a dense, well-leafy crown.

The characteristic features of this species are drought resistance and natural immunity to many diseases and pests. The plant tolerates frost moderately: wood and flower buds are affected only in severe frosts.

The first crop appears in the fifth year.One tree gives more than twenty kilograms of fruit, with good taste. The core weight is 11 grams.

"Harvest"

This is a fairly tall tree (up to 6 meters in height), has a wide-oval crown. Fruiting usually begins in the fourth year. The variety belongs to the mid-season, since the nuts ripen at the end of September.

The variety is winter-hardy and slightly susceptible to brown spot and other diseases. Differs in good regular productivity. About thirty kilograms of fruits are harvested from one tree. The kernel with a great taste, weighing 9-11 grams.

"Abundant"

Some varieties of walnuts begin to bear fruit as early as the fourth year. An example of this is "abundant." The tree has a maximum height of five meters. This variety does not tolerate negative temperatures well, so it should not be planted in the northern regions of the country. It should be noted that it is resistant to a very common disease - brown spot.

Nuts are formed in clusters - 3 fruits each. Sometimes the bunch is eight or more nuts. The tree has a high yield - up to 30 kilograms of nuts with a kernel weight of 12 grams. This variety is very much loved by gardeners because of its excellent taste.

"Giant"

The "giant" walnut is a bit similar to the "ideal", but the fruiting of this tree occurs in the sixth year. The tree grows surprisingly fast and reaches a height of five meters. It has a lush crown, rounded large fruits (10 grams). It produces a crop regularly, mainly on the apical branches. About one hundred kilograms of fruits with a thin shell are harvested from the tree. The plant is resistant to many diseases that are characteristic of walnuts (for example, brown spot).

Walnut: large-fruited varieties

There are much fewer such varieties, which is probably why they are of particular interest to breeders. We have already told you about the varieties "ideal" and "dessert", which can be fully attributed to large-fruited.

Giant varieties

According to experts, one of the largest varieties is the "bomb" (Moldova). Its fruits weigh thirty grams. Thanks to the thick peel, this fruit looks much more than its true weight - two nuts can hardly fit into a standard 250-gram glass.

Now scientists are working on its selection. Other interesting varieties have also been bred - "Rudakovsky", "Prykarpatsky", "Bukovinsky 2". There was even a variety called "Bukovina bomb". There is clearly a hint of the size of the Moldovan nut.

The fruits of the new varieties bred in Ukraine are smaller - their weight does not exceed twenty grams. The good frost-resistant varieties “Stanislavsky” and “Tula Tonkokory” should also be noted. They produce nuts weighing over fifteen grams.

"Kalarashsky"

Walnut varieties are becoming popular not only because of the size of the fruit. The taste of the product is of no less importance.
It is a vigorous tree with a dense, rounded crown. Blooms early enough. It has a proterandric type of flowering. This means that staminate flowers bloom about seven days earlier than pistillate ones. For this tree, the best pollinator is the Skinos variety.

The nuts are very large. The average fruit weight reaches nineteen grams. The shape is round, slightly ribbed, with a rounded top and a flat base. The shell is not very thin, dense. The kernel is large; when the nut is broken, it separates completely. The core film is yellow. The kernel is oily, with a pleasant taste.

"Memory of Minov"

Not all large-fruited varieties of walnuts are widespread in our country. For example, this is an excellent medium-ripening variety. It belongs to the large-fruited variety of the nut.

The tree grows quickly, it is powerful, with a crown of medium density. Flowering is homogamous. The fruits ripen mainly on the apical branches. Fruiting is regular, occurs in the sixth year after planting.Walnut large-fruited variety "Memory of Minova" is very large, slightly flattened, slightly ribbed. The average mass of the nucleus is 15.2 grams, the maximum is 18.5 grams. The nut has a thin shell, its thickness is 1.0 mm. This variety belongs to the table types.

We have presented you the best varieties of walnuts. Of course, this is not a complete list. Anyone who is interested in these plants and their fruits, we recommend that you look through publications on gardening, where descriptions of new products from Russian and foreign breeders are regularly published.

Walnut varieties are currently available in a wide range. All of them differ among themselves in their characteristics - some give a greater volume of yield, others are more pleasant to the taste.

In addition, there are also varieties of walnuts that are resistant to diseases, low temperatures and harmful insects. This option is more relevant for the middle zone, where frosts are quite frequent, as well as for those who have decided to start growing nuts for the first time.

The fact is that nuts are not only a whole piggy bank of vitamins and other useful substances, but also a source of stable high income. True, the first fruits have to wait about four years, and trees begin to bear fruit in full only after decades. It is for this reason that the option of such a business is not suitable for every person. first you need to have some funds that will pay off only after years.

If you nevertheless decided to do this, then it is better to study all the available varieties of nuts, and only then make a choice in favor of this or that variety, taking into account all its features.

Which variety should you choose?

Of course, people strive to get the best. We will consider the best varieties of walnuts in this article, after which you will only have to choose which one is suitable for your purposes.

Ideal

The ideal walnut has gained quite high popularity among gardeners in Russia. The main feature of this variety is that it can withstand temperatures as low as minus 35 degrees.

The seeds of the ideal are planted in the autumn time in holes of 10 centimeters. By the beginning of summer, you can already see the appearance of the first shoots. In a few months, they grow by 13-15 centimeters. Due to its frost resistance, grown seedlings do not need to be covered for the winter. Already during the second year, the nut grows more than a meter in height and begins to bear fruit for the first time. Growth and fertility will only increase every year.

Try not to let the walnut shade, because he needs an abundance of sunlight. It is better to plant away from buildings, because the ideal has rather powerful roots that grow not only in depth, but also to the sides. In May, flowering begins, and by mid-autumn the fruits are already ripening. A tree of this type is not tall, about five meters tall. The ideal bears fruit twice a year, and the kernels have a fairly pleasant taste. More than a hundred kilograms of nuts are harvested from mature trees every year.

Reproduction of ideal varieties is possible only from seeds, and all qualities are fully preserved.

Walnut. Variety Ideal: Video

Giant

The giant walnut saplings are also noteworthy. In fact, they are the second most fruitful variety, occupying their niche immediately after the Ideal variety. After planting, the tree takes about five years before it begins to bear its first fruits.

The growth of the "Giant" is quite fast, and the trees reach a height of five meters. At the same time, the tree has a fairly wide, dense and spreading crown, which allows you to pleasantly while away a summer day under it, for example, reading your favorite book. It is possible to plant the "Giant" variety in any region, because this nut is unpretentious. Of course, in the first time after planting, abundant watering is required; you can additionally spray the tree with a hose in very hot weather.

The fruits of this variety are round in shape, rather large. From each tree, you can collect about a centner of nuts annually, which is quite good, given the thinness of their shells. The "Giant" has excellent resistance to various diseases.

You can also grow Cardinal walnuts. In terms of fruiting, it is slightly inferior to the varieties described above, but at the same time it is also unpretentious and suitable for growing in most regions of Russia.

Walnut. Variety Giant: Video

Walnut is a heat-loving southern culture. However, thanks to the labors of breeders, frost-resistant, early-growing species have appeared, which are successfully grown in various regions of our country. On this page, you will get acquainted with the characteristics and descriptions of walnut varieties that will help you make the right choice.

Ideal is the most famous variety

The favorite of domestic gardeners, the Ideal variety takes 1st place among the best varieties of walnuts. Let's dwell on its merits in more detail.

1. Firstly, high resistance to frost (the tree can withstand up to -36, buds up to -32).
2. The second remarkable quality is its early maturity. Already in the 2nd year, the nut begins to bear its first fruits.
3. This species is high-yielding. Under favorable conditions, a 10 -15 year old tree can yield up to 120 kg of fruit.
4. Another advantage is short stature. Trees grow on average up to 5 m.
   "Ideal" loves sunlight (in the shade the tree will ache) and space. Waterlogging is unacceptable. The place for the nut should not be in the lowlands, where moisture usually stagnates in spring or after rains. If the soil on the site is acidic, you need to add ash or lime to the hole.
   In May, flowering begins, with male and female flowers blooming almost simultaneously, which is important for pollination. "Ideal" has proven itself perfectly in the middle lane and in the Moscow region.

Advantages:
• Resistant to severe frost
• Fast-growing
• Thin-bored fruits

Flaws: • Does not tolerate shading

• Powerful spreading roots (a sufficiently spacious planting area is needed).

Walnut varieties for the Moscow region.

Gardeners of the middle zone and the Moscow region are primarily interested in the winter hardiness of walnuts. Winter freezing of shoots is the main reason that hinders the spread of this culture in the northern regions. Below are descriptions of the most frost-resistant varieties of walnuts that tolerate our harsh winters relatively easily, and if they freeze, they quickly recover.

Giant

Giant

Variety "Giant" - frost-resistant (up to -33), drought-resistant. These are medium-sized trees, growing up to 6 meters, beginning to bear fruit in the 6th year. Flowering begins in May. By the beginning of October, fruits ripen (6-7 cm) in 2-3 pieces. together, thin. Nuts taste sweet with low fat content. Productivity by 15-16 years can be up to 40 kg.

Advantages:
• Winter hardy
• Large fruits with thin shells
• The core can be easily removed
• Good disease resistance

Flaws: • Relatively late fruiting

Sadko

Sadko

The undersized variety "Sadko" is remarkable. Mature trees barely reach 3.5 meters in height. This dwarf variety is highly winter-hardy and grows well in central Russia. The first harvest "Sadko" begins to bring in 3 years. Fruits ripen in clusters of 6-8 pieces. Nuts with a thin shell up to 4 cm in size. I would like to draw the attention of gardeners of the Moscow region to this variety, because it was created specifically for growing in the Moscow region.

Advantages of the variety: • Frost resistance

• Short stature
• early maturity

Astakhovsky

Astakhovsky

A new variety "Astakhovsky" - frost-resistant (up to -37 degrees) has proven itself well in the conditions of the Moscow region. Trees grow up to 10 meters. The first fruits begin to bear on the 6th year of growth. It blooms in early May. The harvest ripens by mid-September. One tree can give about 40 kg.

Advantages: • High frost resistance

• Excellent resistance to disease
• Early maturity

Flaws: • High crown

• Late entry into fruiting

Yielding

Yielding - a winter-hardy variety of walnut, has proven itself well in the Central Chernozem region and the Moscow region. The tree grows to a height of 6 meters. Fruiting in 4 years after planting. Flowering occurs in early May. Nuts ripen at the end of September. The yield is 25 kg. The kernel has a sweet taste.

Advantages: • Fast-growing

• Early maturity
• Annual fruiting

Flaws: • Medium disease resistance

• Tall tree with wide oval crown

Levina's early-growing walnut

A variety with excellent frost resistance (up to -35) can be grown in the middle lane and the Moscow region. Low-growing trees give a harvest already in the 4th year. Fruits 5-6 cm in size ripen in 4-6 pieces. in a bunch. Productivity 15-20 kg per tree. The very thin "paper" shell is easily crushed by fingers.

Advantages:
• Resistant to severe frost
• Large-fruited
• Excellent resistance to disease
• Kernels are easy to extract

Review of varieties of walnuts for the Krasnodar Territory

The market offers a wide variety of species of this crop, zoned for cultivation in the Kuban. Below are the best varieties that have already proven themselves well.

Aurora

Aurora

A fast-growing frost-resistant form with the beginning of fruiting in the fourth year. The height of the trees reaches 6 m. Diseases are slightly affected. Bloom in late April. You can start picking nuts from mid-September. Productivity is about 25 kg. The variety is zoned in the Krasnodar Territory.

Advantages:
• Stable yields
• Thin-bored fruits
• Disease resistant

Flaws: • Vigorous

Walnut variety Zarya Vostoka

Dawn of the East

A species with sufficient winter hardiness. Medium-sized trees with a compact crown. Fruiting from 4-5 years. Brown spot damage is moderate. This variety of walnut has apical - lateral fruiting. The tree blooms at the end of April, and in mid-September the nuts are already ripening. Productivity 24 kg. It has proven itself well in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory.

Advantages: • Early maturing

• Regular fruiting
• Thin shell

Flaws: • Low resistance to disease

Walnut variety Graceful

Elegant

Trees of this species grow up to 5 meters with a dense leafy crown. It enters the fruiting phase in the 4th year. The winter hardiness of the variety is average; in severe frosts, wood and flower buds can be damaged. Practically not susceptible to fungal diseases. By the end of September, it produces about 20 kg of fruits with high palatability.

Advantages:
• Resistant to brown spot and pests
• Excellent taste
• Drought resistant

Flaws: • Possible frost damage to bark and kidneys

Walnut Five Years

Walnut with an interesting name Five Years

A vigorous, early-growing walnut variety with satisfactory frost resistance. Recommended for cultivation in the southern regions. Fruiting 4 years after planting. Blooms late to mid-May. The nuts are ready to be harvested at the end of September. The harvest is 20 kg.

Advantages:

• Disease resistant
• Drought tolerant

Flaws:

• Vigorous trees

Breeder

Breeder

Medium-sized form with the beginning of fruiting at 4 years. The frost resistance of the variety is average. It is slightly damaged by diseases. Flowering occurs at the end of April. The type of fruiting is predominantly apical. At the beginning of September, the crop is ready to be harvested. One walnut tree gives about 20 kg. A promising variety for the Krasnodar Territory.

Advantages:
• Fast-growing
• Thin shell
• Amicable ripening of nuts

Abundant

Walnut Abundant

Trees reach a height of 5 m. Fruiting begins in the 4th year.Poorly tolerates frost, but has good resistance to brown spotting. Recommended for cultivation in the southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Adygea). Fruits of this species are collected in bunches of 8 pieces each. Productivity 28 kg.

Advantages:
• Fast-growing
• Yielding
• Wonderful taste

Dessert

Dessert

Vigorous trees with a spreading crown. In the 4th year of growth, they begin to bear fruit. Low frost resistance. Bloom in late April. Fruit picking in mid-September. Yield 22-25 kg of nuts. This walnut variety is zoned in the Krasnodar Territory.
Advantages:
• Fast-growing
• Resistant to brown spot
• Early maturing

Krasnodarets

Krasnodarets variety

A tree of strong growth with a dense crown. Fruiting in the 4th-5th year. Average frost resistance. Flowering begins by the end of April. Ripening of the crop at the end of September. You can collect 18-20 kg from a tree. Even the name of this variety suggests that it is zoned for the Kuban.
Advantages:
• Disease resistant
• Large and tasty fruits
• Drought resistant

Petrosyan's favorite

Petrosyan's favorite

A fast-growing variety of walnut. The trees are vigorous with a rounded crown. At 4-5 years of development, it bears the first fruits. Frost resistance is good enough. Early flowering - at the end of April, with male and female flowers blooming at the same time. The fruits ripen at the end of September. The harvest is 22 kg per tree. Recommended for cultivation in the regions of the North Caucasus.
Advantages:
• Fast-growing
• Drought resistant
• Excellent fruit taste

Pelan

Pelan variety

This variety of walnut has tall trees with sufficient frost resistance. "Pelan" begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. Bloom in late April. The crop can be harvested at the end of September. Average yield 25 kg per plant. The variety is recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory and other regions of the North Caucasus.
Advantages:
• Fast-growing
• Early maturing
• Fruits with a thin shell
• Annual stable yields

How to grow walnuts from fruits

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Planting and caring for walnuts

	grew up.	13	24	56,2	68,7	a circle	thin
	ukr.	8,9	37	57	68,2	oval	thick
	ukr.	10	46	52	69	oval	durable
	ukr.	11	48	52	70	a circle	thin, durable
	mold.	16		50		oval
	ukr.	17,8	37	47,9	68,4	a circle	durable
	ukr.	12,1	46	52,4	71,6	a circle	thin
	ukr.	14,6	50	48,7	69,3	oval	average
	ukr.	12,5	36	58	70	oval	thin
	ukr.	11,5	41	52	65	oval	thin, durable
	mold.	18		55	70	oval	thin
	grew up.	25				a circle	average
	grew up.	10	32	60	63,5	oval	thin
	grew up.	12,6	30	47,5	69,3		thin
	grew up.	9	32	55,4	69,3	oval	thin
	grew up.	12,5		54,1	67,6		thin
	mold.	11	35	60		oval	average
	mold.	17	33	50	68	a circle	average
	ukr.	12	5	43		oval	average
	ukr.	10,5	6	43		oval
	mold.	10	25	50	66	oval	thin
	ukr.	12,1		49,4	69,2	oval	average
	ukr.	17,5		52,4	71,7	a circle	thin
	ukr.	27		39	71,7	oval	thin
	ukr.	18,5		47,5	71,7	oval	thin
	mold.	11,6	34	51,5		oval	thin
	mold.	14	28	50	69,5	oval	average
	ukr.	9,1	24	64,6	68,9	oval	thin
	ukr.	10	32	60	64	oval	thin, durable
	mold.	11	33	49	67,5	oval	thin
	mold.	14,5	33	50	70	a circle
	grew up.	12,7		49,1	70,1		thin
	ukr.	12	29	63,5	65,1		thin, durable
	fr.	12		47,5		a circle	thin
	mold.	11,3	36	50	70	oval	average
	grew up.	11,8		60,6	71,4	oval	thin
	ukr.	9,8	32	58	66,3	oval	durable
	grew up.	10		56,3	68,2	oval	thin
	mold.	11		60		oval	thin
	ukr.	27,3		60,5	65,1	oval	average
	ukr.	11,8		53,3	70,8	a circle	thin
	ukr.	12,4		50,7	70	oval	thin, durable
	ukr.	15	27	56		oval
	grew up.	9,1		56,9	67,6		thin
	mold.	11		55		oval	thin
	fr.	10		50		a circle
	ukr.	13,6		50		oval	average
	grew up.	11,6		55	71,2		thin
	mold.	12,5	33	50	69,7	oval	average
	grew up.	10		54	65		thin
	mold.	18		55	70	oval	thin
	mold.	18		55	70	oval	thin
	ukr.	23,2	48	56	64,3	oval	average
	ukr.	11,2		52	71,7	oval	durable
		8,7	36	51,8	69,7		thin
	mold.	11,5		50		a circle	thin
	fr.	11	40	48		a circle	thin
	fr.	12,3		52		oval
	fr.	12,3		50		oval	average
	fr.	11,5		46		oval
	amer.	13,4		50,5	70	oval	thin
	ukr.	11,7		52,3	69,6	a circle	thin
	ukr.	12	45	50,1	69,68		thin
	ukr.	11,8		52,2	71,7	a circle	thin
	ukr.	11,4		51,5	69,5	oval	thin

The data for walnut varieties given in the table are the average indicators of the walnut mother tree, declared by the creators of varieties or large nurseries of seedlings, and may differ depending on the area of ​​cultivation, soil fertility and abundance of irrigation.The yield indicator is indicated in the table for a tree at 20 years of age. The descriptions of the shapes of nuts given in the table are not ideal, but only close to one of the above shapes: circle - rounded, oval - oval. If there is information about the discrepancy between the validity of the characteristics, descriptions and photos indicated in this data table, please report this via the feedback form.

Abbreviations in characteristics:

fr. - French variety; amer. - American variety; ukr. - Ukrainian variety; grew up. - Russian variety; mold. - Moldavian variety; origin - origin.

The principle of choosing the right variety

Choosing the right walnut variety is a very important step in organizing a walnut garden or simply planting a tree at home. There are hundreds of varieties of walnut varieties, but how to choose the best one?

Here are the main characteristics to look out for when choosing a variety:

• first of all pay attention to the fruits of the rounded model,
• with a kernel yield up to 50 percent of the fruit weight,
• light color of the kernel, without spots and corrosion,
• thin shell

it is also worth highlighting the following characteristics:

• frost resistance,
• drought resistance,
• abundant yield,
• not high exactingness to the soil,
• resistance to diseases and harmful insects
• etc.

How to choose the best walnut variety? Description of some of the important characteristics of the walnut.Zoning of the variety and its frost resistance.

Cold winters with low temperatures and strong winds can destroy not only annual growths, but also an entire adult tree. Therefore, in areas with very cold winters, it is necessary to select varieties with high frost resistance.

Lateral nature of fruiting.

This figure shows the morphotypes of walnut fruiting:

Decryption of signatures:

I- terminal (apical) type of fruiting and branching

II- mesotonic (intermediate between terminal and lateral) type of fruiting

III - arctonic (intermediate between terminal and lateral) type of fruiting

IV - lateral type of fruiting

1 - main walnut trunk (yellow)

2- branch of the next growing season (dark blue)

3 - branch of the next growing season (third in relation to 1) (light blue)

4- pagon, which formed 3 growing seasons ago

5 - pagon of the growing season before last

6- pagon of the previous growing season

7- pagon of the current season

8- fruits of the last growing season (white circle)

9 - fruits of the current growing season (green circle)

Walnut varieties with a lateral type of fruiting are especially valuable, since they have female inflorescences, and in the future, fruits appear not only on the tops of mature pagons (decoding No. 4 in the figure), but also on young branches (No. 5-7). With normal access to sunlight, each such branch is capable of bearing fruit for several years. This biological feature affects the higher productivity of trees with a lateral type of fruiting, in comparison with the terminal one. In addition, such varieties enter into industrial fruiting earlier and by the fourth year one can expect decent harvests from them.

Disease resistance.

It is worth choosing disease-resistant walnut varieties, although in the future it will still be necessary to carry out preventive spraying with fungicides. The main nut diseases aremarsoniasis and bacteriosis.

The value of certain characteristics of nuts and kernels is determined by the strategy of sales and further processing. So, recently, more and more often the nut is used for the production of jam and alcoholic tincture. The production of nut butter is quite developed in Europe. For the market of unpeeled nuts, large nuts are popular, but for sale peeled “confectionery nuts” (weighing from 9-11g) are used.