Curly and 8 other types and varieties of beans

The history of beans is almost 7 thousand years old. Belongs to the legume family, more than 250 species are currently known, but about 20 are most often used, which include the climbing one. The culture owes its rich history to an equally rich, very useful composition: a full set of vitamins, a huge range of micro and macroelements, fiber, carbohydrates, fats, pectin and a vegetable protein so necessary for a person, in terms of which it is second only to meat! What kind of beans we learn from the article.

Types of beans

There are many different types and varieties of this crop, but for any there are general rules for growing and care. Any type of beans is thermophilic, therefore, seeds should be planted in the first half of May, when the soil warms up to 12-14 degrees. For faster germination, it is recommended to soak the seeds overnight in water, and just before sowing - for 5 minutes in a solution of boric acid. This will strengthen seedlings, increase crop productivity.

Growing bush beans

This species looks like small bushes up to 60cm high. It can grow in the shade of tall trees, between currant bushes, gooseberries, but you cannot shade too much - it will affect the yield. Planting depth - no more than 2 cm, otherwise the seeds will die even during the swelling in the soil. The plant loves soil fertilized with humus, reacts well to feeding with nutrients. It can be planted quite densely - rows at a distance of 30 cm, between seeds - 4-5 cm.

Bush beans require double hilling for greater stability. From the moment of emergence to the ripening of tender green beans, it takes about 55 days. Pods, edible, very delicate in taste, fiberless, especially in sugar varieties.

String or green

Italians were the first to figure out how to use unripe pods from Europeans for food. Dishes made from green or yellow French beans have a surprisingly delicate taste, very low calorie content - only 25 kcal / 100g of product, a rich composition of vitamins and microelements (more than in grains), although the protein content is inferior to dry grains. Green beans produce excellent yields... Its benefits for the body are also difficult to overestimate:

• helps to improve digestion;
• lowers blood sugar levels;
• a high level of sulfur content has a prophylactic effect in case of infectious intestinal diseases;
• fiber, protein, carbohydrates, trace elements have a beneficial effect on the state of the body, in particular, improve the structure of hair and skin.

Curly variety

The following characteristics are common to them:

• unpretentiousness and high growth rate, which makes it possible to bloom and bear fruit from mid-June until the onset of cold weather;
• variety of shapes and colors of inflorescences, pods, grains;
• soil enrichment with nitrogen.

Collecting the pods regularly throughout the summer encourages the formation of new ovaries. With a small occupied space, the curly species of this culture gives an excellent harvest, if tied up in time, it performs a decorative function, so it can be planted near a fence, a gazebo, under a balcony. Growing conditions and useful properties are the same as in other types of culture.

Asparagus or vegetable

This is a relatively recently bred variety of beans for consumption exclusively in green (unripe) form. The pods are green or yellow (depending on the variety), thin, 12-15 cm long, very delicate taste, juicy, sugar flesh, without coarse fibers. The bushes are low - from 30 to 70 cm, compact, but despite the size of the plant, they yield up to 1 kg of beans per season.

All varieties of beans are usually divided into sugar and semi-sugar beans. Sugar pods are intended for eating pods, which have a circular cross-section filled with a jelly-like substance. The semi-sugar pods are flatter, the jelly is much smaller than the former. Such varieties are universal: both pods and grain are suitable for consumption.

In order to have a good harvest all summer, you need to plant different varieties, taking into account their ripening terms - from early ripening varieties (65 days from germination to technical ripening) to late (100 days). Small bushes do not need props, are resistant to cold, early ripening.

Purple

In addition to the usual green and yellow green beans, plants with dark purple pods have taken root well in the gardens: Bluhilda variety (Germany), Violet King (Austria), etc. At first, the ovary on the vines is of the usual green color, but when the pods reach a length of 10 cm, the color immediately changes to purple.

If we compare these two varieties, Bluhilda's pods are more fleshy, but before ripening, the valves coarse, fibers appear. Beige grains, oily, very tender and tasty, boil quickly. The beans of the Purple King are flat, less fleshy, but without a parchment layer, they are not inferior in taste to the first ones. During the cooking process, they change color to green.

Shelling (grain)

For example, in central Russia, the grains of such varieties do not ripen, and the pods, even in the early stages of ripening, have a dense fibrous structure that is not suitable for human consumption.

But, of course, if you grow them in a warm climatic zone, you can get an excellent harvest of very nutritious, rich in vitamins and minerals, with a high protein content.

The most common varieties: Ballada, Rubin, Zolotistaya, Varvara, Generous, etc. They are valued for their high yield and taste.

What color are beans?

White

The grains of such beans have a milky white color, a firm structure. The main advantage of white beans is their high protein content - 20%. In terms of benefits for the body, it is comparable only with beef protein, and, moreover, it is devoid of animal fat, which makes it difficult to assimilate such a vital substance for humans.

Beneficial features:

• removes toxins and toxins;
• reduces the level of bad cholesterol in the blood;
• has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system;
• can be used during diets, as it is saturated with useful substances with a low calorie content (120 kcal / 100g).

Red

Red grains are low in calories (94 kcal), contain a large amount of vitamins B6, B12, B1, A, C, E, PP, amino acids, lysine, arginine, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, etc. Due to such a rich chemical composition, red beans have a beneficial effect on the functioning of many organs and systems of the human body. - nervous, circulatory, gastrointestinal tract, strengthens the immune system, improves the condition of hair, teeth, skin.

Black

The benefits of black grains are enhanced by the even greater concentration of all the ingredients that make up their composition.

Black grains are most commonly found in Latin American dishes and have a sweet and smoky flavor.Black beans are the richest in chemical composition; in terms of nutritional and medicinal value, they rank first among the products of plant origin. Suffice it to say that black beans are the most useful food for the prevention of cancer and diabetes.

As you can see, the benefits of this product can hardly be overestimated. Eating beans at least twice a week in different forms - salads, first, second courses, etc. - will certainly have a beneficial effect on your body. Even outwardly, it will become noticeable - velvet skin, shiny hair, beautiful nails are provided to you with the regular use of beans in general and black beans in particular.