Tulips and daffodils outdoor planting and care

Drawing in the imagination the image of spring, such an integral detail as the flowering of daffodils always pops up. The fragile appearance and delicate aroma will captivate the hearts of flower connoisseurs. And simple planting and caring for daffodils in the open field made him a favorite among all summer residents who want to decorate a spring garden with grace and bright colors.

Planting daffodils outdoors

These flowers appear among the first in the front garden, like crocuses and tulips, while being considered the most unpretentious bulbous plants. However, in order to grow a daffodil bright and attractive, you should competently approach even the initial stage - planting.

Place and soil

An important point is the choice of the territory for planting bulbs, taking into account the soil composition. An ideal option would be a well-lit area with neutral loamy soil, where nitroammophoska is additionally introduced at the rate of 60 g per 1 m2, compost or humus. An excess of alkali in the soil is neutralized with dolomite flour at the rate of 200 g per 1 m2, and the increased acidity level is reduced by adding one glass of wood flour to the same area.

Advice! Do not place daffodils after other bulbous crops - tulips, lilies. The optimal predecessors are cereals, legumes and nightshade representatives.

Selection and preparation of planting material

The flower shops offer a wide range of daffodil bulbs of various varieties, which are often sold at great discounts in the spring due to staleness of the goods.

When choosing bulbs, it is recommended to pay attention to:

• the integrity and absence of rotten areas;
• size - with a diameter of less than 5 cm, the bulb must be grown, which will slow down germination;
• hardness.

Before planting, a thorough examination is carried out and the damaged, podoprevny material is rejected. Healthy bulbs are disinfected with a fungicidal agent or a solution of potassium permanganate with a concentration of 1%

Advice! It is better to make a purchase of planting material three months after the flowers have finished blooming.

When and how to plant daffodils?

Daffodils are planted depending on the climate of the region. The basic rule is a soil temperature of 8 to 10 ° C, which is maintained for three weeks while the flower takes root.

Usually, bulbous crops are planted in the fall. You can plant the bulbs in the spring, be sure to keep them in the refrigerator for two months in advance so that the daffodils take root and bloom in the same year.

1. Planting in spring. Holes are dug at a distance of 10 cm, subject to future seating, and 20 cm, if further growth of flowers is planned in the next five years. Before placing the bulb, sand is poured into the planting pit to improve the drainage properties of the soil. After planting, the garden soil is mulched with sawdust, straw or cut grass 3-4 cm thick. This will save the grower from unnecessary weeding, loosening and protect the soil from weathering.
2. Planting in the fall. In the fall, the bulbs are planted in the same way as in the spring. After the arrival of frost, the area with flower bulbs is covered with leafy ones from fruit trees or walnuts.

Important! When calculating the depth of the hole, the diameter of the bulb is taken as a basis, which is multiplied by three.

Daffodil care

The quality of care influences the receipt of beautiful, graceful spring flowers with delicate aromatic notes.

Watering and loosening

In dry weather conditions, from the end of spring, daffodils need regular moisture throughout the existence of the aerial part of the plant: after flowering, watering allows the bulb to accumulate more nutrients. If the plot is not mulched, after each irrigation, the beds need to be loosened and weeded.

Temperature

Air and soil temperature regimes affect the beginning and duration of the flowering phase. Optimum temperatures are 15 ° C for air and 10 ° C for soil.

Fertilization

When cultivated in a front garden, early spring flowers need to be fed twice:

1. The introduction of a complex of mineral fertilizers in the budding phase is organized: when the working solution is consumed in an amount of 5 liters per 1 m2, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea are diluted in 10 liters of water (one teaspoon of each substance).
2. A special fertilizer is applied for flowering plants with the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: two teaspoons of Agricol and one nitroammofoska are diluted in 10 liters of water.

In rainy weather, liquid top dressing is replaced by a one-time application of dry fertilizers in early spring - per 1 m2, one teaspoon of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, urea and one tablespoon of wood ash.

Disease and pest control

The culture is affected by fusarium, rot, and is also populated by the narcissus fly, tuberous and onion hoverflies, onion and root mites, slugs, and nematodes.

As protective measures, a double treatment of plants is carried out:

1. Before the start of bud formation, spraying with insecticidal acaricidal preparations is organized according to the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Upon completion of flowering, daffodils are treated with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 100 g of substance per 10 liters of water, at a consumption of 2 liters of working fluid per 10 m2, or with the preparation "HOM" with the same consumption rate, prepared by diluting 40 g of the product in 10 liters of water.

Transfer

If the florist noticed that the flowers have become smaller and worse in terms of quality, then it is necessary to transplant the daffodils. When transplanting, a vegetative method of culture propagation is used - dividing the bulb.

Post-flowering care

Depending on the gardener's plans, two algorithms can be used:

1. When leaving the bulbs in the soil for further growth, it is necessary to cut off the ground part after drying, loosen the soil and clear weeds. In the second half of August, under conditions of drought, it is necessary to water the site: the bulbs begin to form new roots.
2. In the case of transplantation or reproduction, the planting material is excavated. But you need to know when to dig up the bulbs. Harvesting begins after the natural wilting of the leaves, usually in July.

Advice! If the florist has decided to dig up the bulbs, then you should not delay too much time after the yellowing of the leaf plates: daffodils quickly begin to take root.

Reproduction methods

For breeding daffodils, two methods are used: vegetative and seed.

Vegetative method

During the growing season, two to four are formed from one bulb on average.

If you want or need to get new copies, you should adhere to the following steps:

1. The dug out mother bulbs, together with the daughter ones, are cleaned of wilted residues.
2. The planting material is examined to discard and destroy diseased or damaged bulbs.
3. Healthy specimens are peeled, washed, disinfected for half an hour in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, and then divided.
4. First, the specimens are separated, falling off without effort, and those that are tightly pressed against the mother ones swing for independent separation.
5. If the bulb comes off, sprinkle it with charcoal or activated charcoal.
6. Then the separated specimens are dried in a shaded place and stored in a room with a constant temperature not exceeding 17 ºC.

Attention! The time before planting should not be delayed: after a while, there is a loss of moisture by the bulbs. The optimal storage interval from digging to planting is two months.

Seed method

The method consists in sowing freshly harvested, properly not dried seeds at the height of the summer season or in late autumn as follows:

1. Seeds are not sown too thickly in a box or open ground to a depth of three seed diameters.
2. During the first two years, the seedlings are not disturbed, which allows the bulb to grow stronger.
3. At the end of the two-year dormancy, young specimens are planted in a permanent place of growth.

For the first time, such daffodils form buds after at least three years.

Attention! The seed method is permissible only for wild-growing varieties: with this method, varietal qualities are not inherited by new specimens.

So, observing a number of simple rules for growing daffodils, each grower will enjoy the spring tenderness of his garden.

Early autumn is the time to plant bulbous flowers. These include tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, crocuses, and other less common flowers. Properly prepared soil for planting is a prerequisite for successful wintering and lush flowering in spring.

Before planting, it is necessary to take into account that it is better to prepare the soil in advance so that the soil has time to settle after digging, otherwise the planting depth will be small. In this case, the flower bulbs will die, especially if the winter is not very snowy.

When planting bulbous flowers, organic or mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil. In order for the soil to absorb fertilizers, you need to allocate some time before planting flowers.

The earth must be dug up to a depth of at least 30 cm, taking into account the fact that before frost, the newly formed bulbous roots managed to penetrate to a depth of 20 cm.The planting depth depends on the size of the bulb itself. Traditionally, this is two to three bulb heights.

If you plant varietal tulip and other bulbous bulbs, then they must be dug out after flowering in order to preserve the variety. To make this easier, you can plant tulips in baskets or lay a net on which the bulbs are planted down the beds.

Inspect the flower bulbs carefully before planting them. Sick bulbs, with mechanical damage, with an affected bottom, it is better to immediately throw out. For healthy people, carry out prevention: put in a pink solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide for 30 minutes.

Most summer residents plant all bulbous flowers at once, at the same time. However, this is a big mistake!

Content

• 1 When to plant bulbs in autumn
• 2 How best to plant bulbs in a flower bed in the fall.
• 3 Planting time bulbous
• 4 Bulbs and corms
• 5 Site preparation
• 6 Landing rules
• 7 Reproduction
• 8 We plant in layers
• 9 Autumn planting of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
  • 9.1 Choosing a site for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
  • 9.2 Preparing the soil for planting primroses
• 10 Optimal conditions for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths in the Moscow region
• 11 What rules should be followed when planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths?
  • 11.1 What parameters should be observed when planting bulbs?
  • 11.2 Or not to dig up primroses after flowering?
  • 11.3 Storage of tulip, daffodil, crocus and hyacinth seeds
• 12 Planting care

When to plant bulbs in autumn

Flower bulbs need to be planted in stages, each bulb plant has its own planting time. Therefore, we will analyze in more detail when to plant tulips, daffodils, crocuses.

• The end of August - the beginning of September is the time of planting small-bulbous flowers: crocuses, scilla, muscari, pushkinia, chionodox. These plants are planted to a depth equal to three times the diameter of a flower bulb. If your bulb is 3 cm in diameter, then the most optimal planting depth will be 9 cm. Also, the planting depth of bulbous plants depends on the density of the soil: they plant a little deeper on light soils than on heavy ones.

• The second week of September is a great time to plant daffodils. If planted later, the bulbs will not survive because they do not develop enough roots.

• A week after planting daffodils, hyacinths are planted. They need more fertile soil and therefore increase the amount of organic matter.

• And tulip bulbs are planted in the last week of September.

How to plant the best bulbs in a flower bed in the fall.

If you plan to change your tulips every year for summer flowers, plant them in a continuous row.

If the planting is in a mixborder, then bury the tulip bulbs between perennials. In this case, the tulip bulbs can be dug up once every 2-3 years.

Group the tulips in groups of 5-10. In mixborders, Darwin hybrids, simple late, simple early, Kaufman, Greig, Foster and botanical tulips look good. You need to finish planting tulips by October 10-15.

Tulips, crocuses and other bulbs are not difficult to care for and can be grown in containers, planted in curbs, on alpine slides, on a lawn or under trees.

Bulb planting time

It is known that without a transplant, bulbous plants deepen by 1–2 cm every year, grow over time, and their flowers gradually become smaller. Therefore, if you want strong plants that will bloom magnificently, they must be separated periodically.

Since the end of August, they have been engaged in small-bulbous - muscari, forest trees, snowdrops. But you should not dig them out for transplantation, if an overgrown nest has not formed.

In September, they start planting hyacinths and daffodils, slowly forming a root system, and tulips are planted in October.

Bulbs and corms

Tulips, daffodils, snowdrops, hyacinths form bulbs that are covered with a thin shell.

The hazel grouses and lilies on the bulbs do not have such protection, so they need to be dug out carefully.

Crocuses and gladioli form corms that are covered with scales. They are slightly wider and shorter than real bulbs.

Site preparation

Before you start planting bulbs, you must prepare the soil in advance and apply the necessary fertilizers and trace elements. Bulbous plants grow well on calcareous soil, with an alkaline or slightly alkaline reaction.

To change the acid-base balance of the soil with a pH of 4.5–6, add crushed eggshells, chalk or lime for digging.

Sandy soil allows water to pass through well, but nutrients are not retained in it. On such a site, to improve the soil, you need to add 3-4 buckets of humus, 40-50 g of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of wood ash per 1 m2. You can also add deoxidized peat, black soil and clay.

Heavy soils are not suitable for bulbous plants. If there is clay soil on the site when digging, it is worth adding coarse sand, compost and humus.

You can pour sand, fine gravel or expanded clay directly into the hole, thus creating drainage and protecting the bulbs from decay. After planting, the plants are immediately watered, so new roots will appear faster and the plant will winter more successfully. The dug and loosened soil is watered and left to mature for a while.

Landing rules

• It is recommended to use large and healthy bulbs for planting.

Do not buy shriveled and weak specimens - it is unlikely that they will give a strong plant and most likely will not bloom.

• The planting depth of the bulbs depends on their size and height, as well as the type of soil. The planting material is planted to a depth equal to twice the diameter of the bulbs or three times the height of the bulbs.

For daffodils, tulips or hyacinths, this figure is 10 to 15 cm.For smaller varieties, such as snowdrop or crocus, it can range from 3 to 5 cm.

Colchicum plants are planted to a depth of five times more than the height of the bulb. Bulbs of the same size are placed not as deep on heavy soils as on lighter soils.

• The distance between the bulbs is chosen twice their width. For large bulbs, it is about 12 cm, for small ones - 5-7 cm. The amount of planting material per 1 m2 is calculated depending on the purpose for which it is planted - for distillation, curtains or borders decoration. For a natural-looking planting, drop the bulbs on the ground and plant them where they fell.

Reproduction

There are several ways to obtain bulbous planting material. On a large mother bulb, plants form small bulbs, or babies. Separating overgrown nests is the easiest way to reproduce for most bulbs.

The bulb is dug up, the children are separated and grown for several years until they reach the size necessary for flowering. Some separated babies, such as gladioli, bloom in the third year after planting, and a large daffodil bulb can release flowers the next year.

Lilies form airy bulbs in the leaf axils, they are separated and placed in moist peat. They will bloom in two years. Lilies can be propagated by rooting the scales separated from the bulb. To stimulate the formation of children in hyacinths, a special technique is carried out, cutting the bottom with a knife before planting.

The second method of propagation of bulbs is by seeds. In this way, you can get rare species and varieties, but they bloom only after 3-7 years. Some seeds need stratification before planting, holding at a low temperature.

To do this, they are sown in a container in late autumn and kept in the refrigerator for several weeks. The emerging seedlings are grown in the open field or indoors, depending on the weather conditions and the endurance of the plants.

We plant in layers

Flower bulbs can be planted in pots, tubs and in open ground in layers, one above the other. On the lowest layer are the last to bloom bulbs, such as late-flowering tulips or ornamental onions.

The bulbs that bloom first, such as crocuses, snowdrops, spring plants, chionodoxes, bluebirds, are planted higher. This landing will significantly save space.

However, in order to get large flowers, it is imperative to feed the plants with complex fertilizers, since with such a planting, the feeding area is limited.

Tulips, crocuses, daffodils, hyacinths are bulbous plants. Usually they are planted in the ground before winter in order to observe in spring touching awakening primroses, enjoy gorgeous flowers. These bright, easy-to-care plants are the most popular in summer cottages, because even a novice gardener can easily grow them.

Material content

• 1 Autumn planting of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
  • 1.1 Choosing a place for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
  • 1.2 Preparing the soil for planting primroses
• 2 Optimal conditions for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths in the Moscow region
• 3 What rules should be followed when planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths?
  • 3.1 What parameters should be observed when planting bulbs?
  • 3.2 To dig up primroses after flowering or not?
  • 3.3 Storage of seeds of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
• 4 Planting care

Autumn planting of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths

Each summer resident seeks to get as much information as possible about how and when to plant tulips in the ground before winter in order to provide them with reliable protection even before the onset of cold weather. However, the popular question is how to plant daffodils in the fall, when plant crocuses in autumnwhat rules should be followed when planting hyacinths in the winter.

Choosing a place for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths

So that the flower bulbs do not rot, and the plants are healthy, it is very important to choose the right place for planting, create appropriate conditions for harmonious development and flowering. The site is chosen flat, without depressions and pits, and the groundwater level should be:

• below 70 cm (for tulips, crocuses and daffodils);
• below 60 cm (for hyacinths).

These conditions must be strictly observed, otherwise the plants will get wet and die. Hyacinth bulbs do not have a protective dense peel, so they are very sensitive to waterlogging of the soil and quickly rot. To plant these plants, they arrange bulk ridges with drainage.

For planting bulbs, a site with the following characteristics is suitable:

1. Good lighting.
2. Wind and draft protection.
3. Possible shading by thin shrubs or deciduous trees (for daffodils and crocuses).
4. Soil of neutral acidity (pH up to 7.8).

Preparing the soil for planting primroses

The requirements for the composition and quality of the soil for bulbous flowers are very similar. It must have the following properties:

1. Increased moisture conductivity.
2. Increased air conductivity.
3. Increased looseness.
4. Increased fertility.

Fertile light soil with a well thought out drainage system, it is perfect for all plants of this group.

Same

Loose neutral or slightly alkaline soils can be considered the most suitable soil for tulips. Daffodils like loam, hyacinths grow best on sandy loam soils, and crocuses do not impose special requirements. For them, the main thing is that the soil is light, fertile, with a good drainage system.

Dense clay soils before breaking out the flower beds are improved by introducing river sand of coarse fractions (20 kg per 1 sq. M). Soil with a high sand content is enriched with peat and humus (15 kg per 1 sq. M). If the soil is acidic, limestone must be added to it at the rate of 200-500 grams per 1 square meter of land. Increased acidity of the soil help reduce wood ash.

In addition, in order to increase water, air permeability and soil fertility, they add to it:

• peat or compost (2 buckets per 1 sq. m);
• wood ash (100-150 g per 1 sq. m);
• superphosphate (50 g per 1 sq. m);
• potassium sulfate (30 g per 1 sq. m);
• ammonium nitrate (25 g per 1 sq. m).

Improving the soil for daffodils with mineral fertilizers, you need to remember that they most of all need phosphorus and potassium, which provide full root growth, flowering, sugar and starch production. Nitrogen is an element that helps to form plant organs and tissues. With excessive use, it can cause an active increase in green mass, the plant becomes weak, easily exposed to diseases. Therefore, when planting daffodils in the fall, you should not get carried away with these fertilizers.

Do not overdo it with feeding for crocuses... When they are planted, it is best to apply phosphorus or potash fertilizers, and nitrogen must be abandoned altogether.

Site preparation should begin in August in order to enable the soil to settle naturally and subsequently not to damage the fragile roots of the plants. Before planting flowers, the site needs to be loosened, leveled, and weeds removed. The newly developed area is cleared of debris and stones. Then humus or sand is evenly distributed over the surface of the site. The earth needs to be dug to a depth of 35-40 cm... Then fertilizers are applied to the soil.... After that, the site is dug up again, leveled with a rake and left alone for 1-2 months until the flowers are planted. It is strictly forbidden to use fresh manure to fertilize the soil!

Subsequently, for good flowering, fertilizers need to be applied to the soil in several stages:

• after the appearance of the first shoots;
• before the buds open;
• after the end of flowering.

Optimal conditions for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths in the Moscow region

It is best for gardeners of the Moscow region to plant tulip bulbs from mid-September to mid-October, a month before the tangible frost... The soil temperature at this time reaches 5-7 degrees Celsius, which is the optimal condition for the further development of plants.

The most favorable period when daffodils are planted in winter is the first decade of September. The best time to plant spring blooming crocuses is mid-September. Hyacinth bulbs are planted from the last week of September to mid-October.

If planting is planned at a later time (from October to November, but no later than mid-November), the prepared soil is covered with insulating material and a film before planting the bulbs to protect the soil from excessive waterlogging during rain.

Tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths need rooted well beforelike the ground freezes. If the bulbs are planted earlier, when the ground is still warm, they will begin to actively germinate, they may even drive the leaves to the surface. And the beginning frosts will simply destroy the plants. At later dates of planting, there is a risk that the roots will not have time to develop sufficiently to ensure full development of flowers.

The optimum air temperature during planting flowers can be considered 7-10 degrees Celsius. You can plant flowers until mid-November, if you are sure that there will be no severe frosts.

What rules should be followed when planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths?

The very first and foremost rule is that all planting material must be absolutely healthy. To be sure of this, you need to carefully check each onion, removing those that have even the slightest deformation or a hint of disease, decay. The bulbs should be firm and free from a speck of mold on their surface.

The surface of the hyacinth bulbs is smooth, with a pronounced neck and shoulders. It should be noted that for a high-quality bulb, the ratio of its diameter to the bottom should be 1: 1.6 or more. This suggests that the specimen is not old, strong, grown in compliance with all standards.

After that, the selected bulbs are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, soaking them in the solution for at least 30 minutes, or using seed dressing agents that are sold in specialized stores. After treatment, which, in addition to disinfection, contributes to the acceleration of root growth, the bulbs are immediately planted in the ground.

What parameters should be observed when planting bulbs?

How deep plant tulips before winter? What parameters should be observed when planting daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths before winter? There is only one rule: the planting depth of the bulb is equal to its threefold height. Of course, the density of the soil is also taken into account. When it is heavy, it is allowed to reduce the calculated depth by 2-3 cm, and if it is rather light, then the depth can be increased by the same value.

When tulip bulbs are planted in autumn, large specimens of elite varieties they are buried at least 16 cm, medium bulbs are placed at a depth of 12 cm, and small ones are placed 10 cm below ground level. It should be remembered that the smallest bulbs of tulips and daffodils are planted for their formation, in order to be used later as a full-fledged planting material. They will not bloom in the first year of planting. They need to be placed along the edges of the composition so that taller plants do not create shadows for them.

Depth of planting crocuses in the ground in autumn depends on the quality of the soil... If the soils are light, the bulb is planted to a depth of 7 cm. In clay soils, they are deepened by 5 cm. Before planting crocuses in autumn, it must be borne in mind that during the growing period in one place, its bulb can sink into the soil below the initial mark. This is facilitated by the roots of the plant, as they develop, carry the bulb deeper into the ground.

If during the preparation of the site in the soil no compost was applied, it can be put in each hole at the time of planting. Here, as a drainage, you can pour a layer of sand, 3-5 cm thick. The bulb is slightly pressed into the sand, covered with sand on top, then soil.

It is advisable to plant bulbs of the same size in the same row or in the same ridge. Thus, it is easier to maintain the planting depth. Flowers in this case will develop and bloom at the same time.

In order not to damage the roots during planting, the bulbs must not be pressed into the soil forcibly. The roots of plants are very fragile and cannot be restored if damaged. The distance between rows of tulips should be 25 cm, and their bulbs should be placed at an interval of at least 10 cm from each other. For daffodils and hyacinths, this value is 15-20 cm.Up to 50 large bulbs can be planted per 1 square meter.

Crocuses are most often planted in groups to give aesthetic appearance of the site... The naturalness of planting is also achieved by the fact that the corms are located at different distances from each other. You can place 50 plants on 1 square meter, dividing the area along a 4x4 cm grid, which will create a continuous flower cover.

After planting the bulbs, you do not need to water them until spring. If the autumn is dry, the soil must be watered before planting.

To dig up primroses after flowering or not?

After the tulip has faded, you need to cut off the stem, leaving only the leaves so that the flower bulb ripens better. If the stem is not cut, by June it becomes soft, bendable, but not brittle. The leaves of the plant begin to turn yellow. Now you need to dig up the bulbs. This should be done in dry sunny weather.y, choosing such a periodso that the earth is not damp.

Flowers of specific varieties of tulips may not endure even a two-year stay in one place. The bulbs are depleted, the beauty and size of the flower are lost. But simple varieties are not so capricious and will live in one flowerbed for up to 7 seasons.

In one place, daffodils can be left to grow for a period of 4 to 5 years. Therefore, the display area should provide the plants with high quality and long flowering time. You can arrange flower beds under deciduous trees. But don't post them in dense shade or under evergreen trees and shrubs.

Daffodils need to be planted (every 2-3 years) when the plants become crowded in the flowerbed. The time and quality of flowering is reduced. You should dig out the bulbs for transplanting only after the leaves of the flowers have turned yellow and laid down.

There is no need to dig up crocus bulbs before each winter. They can grow in one place for up to 3 years. The transplant is done in order to separate the mother bulb from the grown daughter ones. Up to 10 daughters can be formed. on one onion. Of course, they interfere with each other. Because of this, the size of the flower is lost. It is best to carry out transplanting work when the bulb is at rest. Plants should not be transplanted during the growing season either, because their life rhythm may be disrupted, there will be a delay in development. And it will take a year or two for the crocus to restore its functions. For spring-flowering crocuses, the transplant period is from August to September.

It must be remembered: it is impossible to prematurely remove wilted leaves from flowers, because the ripening of the bulbs is directly related to them. Each year, you need to change the planting site for hyacinths to avoid contamination of the bulbs with diseases or pests. You can return flowers to their old place only after three years.

It is important to know that it is impossible to plant bulbous flowers on those sites where solanaceous or other bulbous flowers grew before. There is a danger of pathogenic bacteria left behind by their predecessors in the soil, which means that healthy, strong bulbs can get sick.

Storage of tulip, daffodil, crocus and hyacinth seeds

The dug out bulbs should be placed in a single layer in a box, left in the shade in the air so that the seeds dry well. Now dried earth, dead scales, leaves are easily removed from them. Then they are sorted by size. Bulbs with signs of disease, decay, having any deformation, must be removed, and the rest should be placed in boxes with sawdust and stored away from sunlight in a cool, dry, well-ventilated room with a temperature not exceeding 20-25 degrees Celsius, until they are planted in priming. For tulips closer to September, the temperature in the storage should be lowered in stages from 25 to 20 and 15 degrees Celsius.

Planting care

Flower care includes watering during flowering, fertilizing the soil (2 dressings per season), removing weeds and loosening the soil. Water the plants as needed and even after flowering ends, until the leaves wither. Crocuses do not like moisture stagnation. Watering is necessary only during the flowering period. Nature itself took care of this: in the spring there is enough melt water for the plants, and in the fall, rains help. Additional watering can be connected if there was little snow in winter and autumn is dry. In summer, the bulbs rest, they do not need moisture at this time.

Before the onset of persistently cold weather, flower beds with bulbs should be insulated with a thick layer of fallen leaves, spruce branches, a layer of sawdust, peat, bark, straw 3-5 cm to 20 cm thick. Remove the protective shelter in early spring, before sprouts appear.

Attention, only TODAY!

One of the most important conditions for planting bulbs - tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, muscari, crocuses, chionodox and many others - is prepared soil in advance.

Firstly, the soil must have time to settle after digging, otherwise the planting depth will be insufficient and the bulbs will be damaged in a winter with little snow, or even die.

Secondly, because of fertilizers.Organic matter (preferably humus, at the rate of 6-10 kg / sq. M) and phosphorus-potassium or complete mineral fertilizer with an insignificant nitrogen content (total dose - 40-60 g / sq. M) are introduced into the ground for planting bulbous plants, and it is necessary some time for the soil to assimilate them and they begin to "work".

The earth is dug to a depth of at least 30 cm so that, before it freezes, the newly formed bulbous roots have time to penetrate to a depth of 20 cm.The planting depth depends on the size of the bulb itself: usually it is two or three of its own length.

Before planting, all the bulbs must be carefully examined, the sick, with mechanical damage, affected by the bottom, must be rejected. And for prevention, put healthy ones in a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide for 30 minutes.

The biggest mistake most gardeners make is planting all the bulbs at the same time. In fact, this is a step-by-step process.

The first, in late August - early September, are planted small-bulbous: scilla, muscari, pushkinia, chionodox, crocuses.

The planting depth of all bulbous plants (with rare exceptions) is equal to three diameters of the bulb itself (that is, with a bulb diameter of 3 cm, the optimal planting depth is 9 cm).

It also depends on the mechanical composition of the soil: on the lungs they plant a little deeper, on the heavy ones, on the contrary, smaller.

Small bulbous plants in one place can grow from 3-4 (crocuses) to 10 years (snowdrop, spring white flower), so they are usually planted together with ground cover plants - periwinkle, styloid phlox, creeping tenacious, zelenchuk - or between perennials in a mixborder. Small-bulbous also look beautiful on the lawn. For greater decorativeness, they are planted in a bouquet method - in groups of 5-10 pieces.

At the beginning of the second decade of September, daffodils are planted. If planted later, the bulbs will not develop enough roots and will die. This is especially true of new varieties from such garden groups as split-crown, double, tacetta, etc. Bulbs of different sizes are planted separately, so they develop better.

About a week after planting daffodils, it is time for hyacinths. The rules are the same for them. Only hyacinths need more fertile soil, and therefore the amount of organic matter is increased to 10-15 kg / m2.

Tulips are planted in the last decade of September. If an annual replacement of tulips after flowering with annuals is expected, use a continuous planting method. When planting in a mixborder between perennials, the bulbs can be dug out once every 2-3 years. In this case, they are grouped by 5-10 pieces and use Darwin hybrids, simple late, simple early, Kaufman, Greig, Foster and botanical tulips. Finish planting tulips by 10-15 October.

If the autumn is dry, then the plantings need to be watered. Daffodil bulbs planted after dry storage (without roots), it is better to mulch with fallen leaves (layer thickness of at least 10 cm), in the future this operation will not be needed (daffodils can grow in one place for 5-7 years). The only exceptions are split-crowned daffodils, which are mulched annually.

Photo of the Dutch Flower Council.

Narcissus, planting and caring for which must be carried out according to certain rules, requires the following conditions to be met:

1. Reproduction of hybrid varieties and forms is usually carried out by bulbs and children. These flowers grow without replanting for almost five years. When they grow, they need to be replanted. Transplanting is also required if the number of flowering shoots is reduced.

2. Harvesting of the bulbs should start after the leaves have turned yellow. It is not recommended to be late, because if the plants are dug up late, this will negatively affect the quality. After all the plants have been dug up, they must be inspected in order to reject specimens affected by pests or diseases. Everything that is spoiled must be burned.

3.The dug out bulbs must be cleaned, sorted, rinsed in water, disinfected with a manganese solution, dried in air in boxes. It is recommended to do this in a place protected from the sun. Storage should be carried out in a ventilated room at a temperature of +17 degrees.

One of the most popular plants among gardeners is the daffodil. Planting and caring for this flower should begin earlier than other bulbs, that is, at the end of summer. If the planting is carried out in due time, then the plants take root well before frost. In a flower garden, they are best planted in groups, asymmetrically. If a daffodil is a flower (its photo always turns out to be colorful in autumn) - is grown for cutting, then it is better to plant in rows.

The planting depth depends on the size of the planting material and the composition of the soil. It can be from 13 to 23 cm. Seedlings intended for children should be planted 10 cm deep from the bottom. In a row, the distance between them is no more than twelve centimeters. A dense planting is recommended so that the bulbs become larger, if it is too sparse, then more babies are formed.

The daffodil, planting and caring for which it is assumed that in dry weather the plants need to be watered, in late autumn mulch the ground with peat or a layer of humus (3-4 centimeters), grows quite quickly. It is worth noting that when the soil freezes by 4-5 centimeters, the flowers must be additionally covered with a layer of foliage of about 20 centimeters. There are winter-hardy varieties of this type of flowers, they can be additionally not insulated. Common varieties freeze out on dry light soils more often than on heavy and wet soils. After the snow has melted, the shelter can be removed and the leaves left between the rows.

Narcissus, planting and caring for which are carried out according to all the rules, allows the gardener to enjoy its early flowering and aroma.

Following the daffodils, tulips begin to bloom. Planting and caring for tulips is also carried out according to certain rules:

1. When planting tulips in autumn, the planting depth should be at least 15 cm. If the bulbs are large, then they must be planted deeper.

2. It is recommended to plant tulips 10 cm apart. But many gardeners plant them more often because it looks prettier. It is best to make the planting thicker. Then the flowers will look prettier and more spectacular, because they will be visible from afar.

3. It is not recommended to plant bulbous plants in the summer, because if the bulbs are in the ground for a long time, they are more infected with fungal diseases.

4. Before planting, the soil must be treated with special bactericidal solutions.

A great place to plant tulips is well-watered soil, best if the place is sunny. The bulbs are planted in the fall. The rules are simple: you need to choose a good place, it is best if it will be a space near the path or along the edges of the flower garden. Plants are planted in a group. Before planting, in 2-3 weeks, the earth should be dug into 1 bayonet of a shovel in depth, and then add mineral fertilizers.

“Whoever has two loaves, let him sell one to buy a daffodil flower, for bread is food for the body, and daffodil is food for the soul” - these are the words of Mohammed about this beautiful plant. Indeed, there are much more daffodils who love growing than those who are indifferent to them. It would be more correct to say - there are practically no such people. Daffodils, like tulips, are spring flowers, although not the first, but long-awaited. They are unpretentious in care, you just need to know and observe the nuances of growing.

Narcissus (Narcissus) is a perennial herb of the amaryllis family. The height of the bush is 25-50 cm. The root system is bulbous. The sheet plates are linear, assembled into a root rosette.

When the daffodil blooms

Daffodils bloom en masse in early to mid-May.

The flowering stem is leafless, flattened, rounded in cross-section.At its top is a curved peduncle (0.5-1.5 cm long) with a filmy wrapper, ending in a beautiful flower. Corolla bell-shaped, tubular or cupped, petal-shaped perianth. Flowers can be straight or drooping, are located singly (most often) or are collected in a racemose inflorescence of 2-8 pieces, simple or double. Basically, the colors are white or yellow, there are various shades of orange, two-tone.

Daffodils and tulips photo

The fruit is a fleshy tricuspid capsule filled with many seeds.

The genus has more than fifty primary species and about 60 hybrids. The poetic narcissus (Narcissus poeticus) is a type species.

There are more than 3000 varieties of daffodils, distributed mainly in southern Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Garden daffodils are the result of hybridization of different species.

The name of the plant comes from the Greek word "narkao", which means "stun", "intoxicate". This is due to the heady scent of flowers. The name of the type species (poeticus - poetic) is due to the fact that it is sung by poets of all ages and countries, like no other plant (not counting the rose).

Growing a daffodil from seed

Narcissus seeds photo

• Use freshly harvested seeds for sowing.
• Seed collection is carried out in summer or late autumn.
• You can sow daffodil seeds in open ground before winter or in seedling boxes and grow in a greenhouse.
• The seeding depth is 1-1.5 cm. Sow sparsely (approx. 10 cm distance) to provide sufficient space for the bulbs to develop.
• Grow indoors in a cool, dark place.
• A small onion will form after 2-3 years.
• During the growth period, it will be necessary to provide moderate watering and rare top dressing, 1-2 times in the spring season.

Reproduction of daffodil with baby bulbs

Daffodil bulbs with babies photo

Vegetative propagation is preferable - by daughter bulbs.

Depending on the level of agricultural technology and variety, an adult bulb forms 3-6 daughter bulbs in 2 years of growth in the ground. When the daffodils have faded and the leaf plates are partially yellow, proceed to dividing. Dig out a bush, carefully divide into separate bulbs. Plant large ones in a prepared area or send them for storage.

Daughter bulbs will need rearing. Make rows at a distance of about 20 cm from each other, moisten well, place the bulbs densely (6-8 cm) - they do not need much space. Sprinkle on top with a small layer of earth, water again.

Landing place

Daffodils feel most comfortable in open sunny areas, light shading is acceptable. Under the influence of direct sunlight, the flowers will be brighter, and in shade, the flowering is longer.

The soil requires a moisture-permeable, neutral reaction. Ordinary garden soil is perfect, and loam fertilized with humus or compost is also suitable. If the soil reaction is alkaline, add dolomite flour (200 g per 1 m²), acidic soil should be diluted with wood ash (1 glass per 1 m²).

It is better not to plant in a place where bulbous plants have recently grown, as well as perennial chrysanthemums, phloxes, asters. Planting is favorable after the growth of legumes, nightshades, cereals, cucumbers and peonies.

Planting and caring for a daffodil outdoors

How to plant daffodils in spring photo

When to plant daffodils outdoors

The most favorable autumn planting of daffodils in the ground, but spring planting is also allowed. In autumn they begin to plant from late September to late October, in spring - from early March to early May.

How to plant

• Dig up the area, make shallow holes, water well.
• Place 3-5 bulbs in one hole at a distance of 8-10 cm, of course, without mixing the varieties. Between different varieties, it is better to make a larger distance, since daffodils grow quite well - the bulbs can mix.
• The planting depth of daffodil bulbs is about 10-15 cm (the lighter and looser the soil, the deeper you can plant).
• Water well. Mulch with humus or rotted sawdust.

Planting in spring

In the spring, the depth of planting of daffodil bulbs is not difficult to determine: it is enough just to maintain the level of planting of the root collar, leaving it the same. It is better to cut the inflorescences right away so that the plants do not waste energy on flowering and gain enough strength for a successful wintering during the warm season.

When can you plant daffodils in spring?

This is best done before flowering, so that the plants will have more opportunity to compensate for post-transplant stress and grow strong roots.

Can blooming daffodils be transplanted?

If you are planting flowers with buds, cut off the flower stalks. But do not disturb the flowers when they are already fading: the leaves will soon begin to fade, the bulbs will not have time to root properly.

Planting in autumn

The planting depth of daffodil bulbs is about 10-15 cm. It depends on how loose the ground is. In light soil, you can plant deeper: this way the bulbs will receive more moisture and will be better protected from winter frosts. In heavy soils, the planting depth is reduced. After planting, it is advisable to cover the flower bed with fallen leaves or mulch with humus.

Watering and loosening the soil

• Daffodils are quite hygrophilous. During the flowering period, water abundantly - the soil should be soaked to the depth of the bulbs, continue watering for 2-3 weeks after the end of flowering.
• After watering, loosen the soil, mulching the soil around the plant will save you from this maintenance procedure.
• Remove weeds from the area.

Pruning and feeding

Seed formation takes energy from the plant - cut off wilted inflorescences.

It is necessary to regularly feed with complex mineral fertilizers. Carry out the first feeding in early spring, but with low concentration. The second feeding falls on the budding period (focus on the dose of nitrogen and potassium), the third - during the flowering period (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus), the fourth - after the end of flowering (apply potassium-phosphorus fertilizer).

Diseases and pests

Compliance with the rules of agricultural technology increases the plant's resistance to diseases and pests.

Occasionally, it is possible to be affected by fungal diseases:

1. Fusarium - at first, the bottom of the bulb is affected, climbing up the plant. The bulb becomes soft, covered with a bloom of a white-pink hue, the tips of the leaf plates turn yellow, then turn brown and dry out.
2. Botrytis (gray rot) - a lush gray bloom with black dots appears under the covering leaves of the bulbs, the leaves are covered with light brown spots, the flowering stems and buds begin to rot.
3. Penicillosis (penicillous rot) - prevents the bulbs from germinating in the spring. This happens due to high humidity.

Remove the affected areas, treat with a fungicide.

Possible infection with fungal diseases (mosaic, striping, ring spot, etc.). They show similar symptoms: spots, strokes, stains of different shades, depressed flowering, the bulbs become smaller. Affected plants must be disposed of. To avoid troubles, take preventive measures, fight against insects that carry viruses (beetles, cicadas, whiteflies, nematodes).

For prophylaxis, before planting the bulbs for 30 minutes, it is necessary to hold Maxim in the solution. At the beginning of the growing season, spray the plants with Bordeaux liquid (concentration 1.5%).

As a prophylaxis against damage by a narcissus fly and a nematode, the bulbs are kept in hot water (43.5 ° C) for several hours before planting. During the budding period, spray the daffodils with a solution of Fitoverm (2 ml for 1 liter of water, consumption - 10 m²).

Use an appropriate insecticide when dealing with other pests.

Sometimes slugs can be found on the leaves of a plant - they are collected by hand.

Daffodil transplant

How to plant daffodils photo

In one place without a transplant, daffodils can grow up to 6 years.

The signal for transplanting is the deterioration of flowering.

However, experienced gardeners recommend replanting daffodils every 2, 3, or 4 years. In group plantings on the lawn, it can be kept for 5 years, while the bulbs are deeply buried in order to suppress the rapid formation of daughter bulbs. The most commonly used culture is 2-3 years old. To grow daffodils for cutting, it is advisable to replant annually.

What is a transplant? After the end of flowering, the bulbs must be dug up and sent for storage until planting (it is carried out at the end of next summer or early autumn). Some growers do not want to fool around and plant the bulbs right away, but remember: it is better to do this then in the spring, so that by autumn the bulbs are well rooted and have a supply of nutrients.

Digging and storing bulbs

How to store daffodil bulbs photo

• The bulbs are dug out after the end of flowering, when the leaves completely turn yellow and begin to separate.
• Dig up the bulbs, shake off the soil and dry them (store for 2-3 weeks in a well-ventilated place without access to sunlight, the air temperature should be 22-24 ° C).
• Then they carry out cleaning (remove dry, loosely adherent scales) and division of the nests (proceed carefully so as not to touch the bottom).
• Discard diseased bulbs.
• Treat the rest with a solution of potassium permanganate (hold for 30 minutes, then dry), then place in a box or box.
• For the first 15-20 days, keep at an air temperature of about 17 ° C, then lower to 12-14 ° C and maintain at this level until planting.

Wintering

In temperate climates, daffodils successfully winter in open ground without shelter. If a harsh snowless winter is foreseen, in late autumn, cover the soil with peat, cover it with spruce branches on top. The shelter is removed after the snow melts in the spring.

Types and varieties of daffodils with photos and names

According to the international classification, there are 12 groups of daffodils.

Trumpet daffodils

Narcissus tubular variety Dutch master photo

They have a long crown in the form of a tube, which is equal to or exceeds the length of the petals.

Pay attention to the Mount Hood variety.

Large-cupped

Narcissus large-crowned photo

Tubular or funnel-shaped crown, 1/3 longer than the length of the petals.

Notable varieties: Spring Pride, Daydream, Professor Einstein.

Small-cupped

Narcissus small-crowned photo

On the contrary, the length of the crown is 1/3 shorter than the petals.

For example, the Verger varieties.

Triandrus (Triandrus)

Narcissus triandrus photo

Flowers are collected in umbellate inflorescences of 2-4 pcs.

Varieties: Thalia, Hawera, Ice Wings.

Terry (Double)

Daffodil terry variety Narcissus Tahiti photo

Includes all double-flowered varieties.

Sorts: Rosy Cloud, Petit Four, Gay Chellenger, Pink Paradise, Yellow Cheerfullness, Rosy Cloud, Gay Kybo, Yellow Cheerfulness, Irene Copeland, Texas, Rip Van Winkle, White Lion.

Cyclamineus

Narcissus cyclamen variety Narcissus February Gold photo

The crown is long, the petals are strongly bent back.

For example, February Gold.

Jonquilla

Jonquil's daffodil cultivar Narcissus Pipit photo

Flowers are small, on one peduncle there are 2-3 pcs.

Pipit cultivar.

Tazetta (Tazetta)

Daffodil narcissus cultivar Narcissus Scarlet Gem photo

Corollas are medium in size, one inflorescence can contain about 12 pieces.

Scarlet Gem is notable.

Poetic (Poeticus)

Poetic daffodils photo

Single flowers with a short crown, snow-white.

Split-Corona

Crowned daffodil photo

The crown is divided into lobes.

Others

They have different characteristics inherent in different previous groups.

Daffodils in landscape design

Daffodils in landscape design photo

These spring flowers are used for landscaping flower beds, a rabatok, planted between shrubs, separate spots to decorate the lawn.

They are great in group plantings: small lawns look very natural.

Daffodils in a flowerbed with tulips photo

As for neighbors, do not plant nearby crops that will compete with daffodils for moisture and nutrients (crops with powerful, deeply penetrating roots).

Daffodils in a flowerbed with hyacinths photo

Plants with a superficial root system are suitable - tiarella, stonecrop, styloid phlox, etc. They will not interfere with the development of daffodils, and will also advantageously cover leaves that turn yellow after flowering.

The Legend of the Narcissus

An ancient Greek myth tells of a beautiful young man named Narcissus. He heartlessly rejected the love of the nymph Echo. For the coldness he was punished by Aphrodite: she made him fall in love with his own reflection in the water surface. From love to himself, he melted before our eyes, and in the place of a lifeless body this amazingly beautiful flower grew.

Since then, the word "narcissist" has become a household word, meaning narcissism and selfishness.