Dates of planting cucumbers in open ground in Ukraine

Cucumbers are one of the most popular crops grown on home gardens and farms. Each gardener has in his arsenal his own methods for planting cucumbers in open ground or a greenhouse, thanks to which it is possible to obtain high yields. But the main secret is still in observing the general rules of agricultural technology, which will be discussed in this article.

We will consider varieties that can be planted in the Urals or in the Moscow region, we will tell you what the correct depth to plant the seed, how to fertilize the seedlings and how to feed the land in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

The right time to plant cucumbers outdoors

Planting seeds or seedlings begins from the second half of May to 15 June... At this time, there is still a danger of night frosts or a drop in temperature below 12 degrees, so the beds need protection.

They build it with the help plastic film or agrofibre... During the daytime, the plants open up for oxygenation and sunlight, which are very important for normal vegetation.

With the seedling method of growing zelents, the timing of the transfer of seedlings to an open bed is taken into account.

As a rule, 3-4 weeks pass from the moment of planting in the spring to transplanting.Overexposing young shoots in greenhouse conditions is not worth it, this disrupts the rhythm of plant development, reduces the formation of ovaries.

Most popular varieties

For planting in the Urals

Voyage

Voyage

Parthenocarpic type hybrid with a growing season of 40-45 days. Fruit length up to 12 cm and weight up to 110 grams have excellent taste and high commercial qualities. The plant is resistant to cladosporium disease, downy mildew, cucumber mosaic.

Amur

Bee-pollinated early ripe hybrid Amur, forming fruits weighing up to 118 grams, length up to 15 cm... Its versatility and excellent taste have made the crop popular to be applied and planted in regions with difficult climatic conditions.

Peculiarities of Cupid: self-regulating branching, intensive fruit formation, long shelf life.

Amur

Arina

Cold hardy plant with fruit length up to 17 cm... The hybrid is resistant to downy mildew and cucumber mosaic. The flowering type is predominantly female.

The hybrid is characterized by good development of side shoots, even if planted in low light conditions.

Arina

To plant in the suburbs

April

Early ripe hybrid April, forming fruits weighing up to 200 grams... The length of the greenery reaches 15-25 cm, the pulp is tender without bitterness. A feature of the variety is the absence of yellowness on an overripe vegetable. Tolerance to fungal diseases and spider mites is noted.

April

Business

The growing season lasts about 55 days. Zelentsy at the stage of maturity reach length 8-10 cm, weight - 100g... The lash grows up to 1.8 m and is highly branched. The culture is characterized by resistance to bacteriosis, downy mildew.

Business

Aquarius

Ideal cucumber for pickling, the length of the fruit reaches 12-14 cm, weight - 100-120 grams... Harvesting can be scheduled 35-45 days after sprouting above the soil surface.

Strong immunity is manifested in the plant's resistance to fungal infections and pests.

Aquarius

Cruise

A hybrid of universal use with a growing season of 46-50 days. On one lash, fruits weighing 120-125 grams... The composition of zelenets is rich in ascorbic acid and sugar, which gives the taste interesting notes. The vegetable is suitable for fresh and processed consumption.

Cruise

To plant in Ukraine

Steppe

The plant can withstand heat, so the hybrid is incredibly popular in the southern part of Ukraine. The culture requires pollination, the ripening time allows you to start harvesting 45 days after germination. Fetal weight within 90-110 grams.

Steppe

Nugget

Zelentsy ripens quickly, their size is small, but it can be removed from the bush in a season on average 1.8 kg... The variety is bee-pollinated, resistant to diseases and pests. Young shoots quickly adapt when transplanted to a new environment.

Nugget

Nezhinsky

Nezhinsky is a mid-season representative of cucumbers that gives generous harvests. The Nezhinsky hybrid is tolerant to various diseases, shows resistance to temperature extremes.

The fruits retain their taste even when pickled. The collection of zelents is carried out 47-60 days after the sprouts appear above the soil surface. They remove from one lash up to 1.2 kg of cucumbers.

Nezhinsky

Salting

The spreading lash does not need to be pinched, but the plant is quite demanding on moisture. For proper care, it presents the owners with a generous harvest, and most importantly early. The growing season lasts only 35 days. The weight of the greenery reaches 120 g at length 12-13 cm.

The peculiarity of the hybrid is the absence of yellowness even in an overripe state.

Salting

Rules for planting cucumbers in open ground and a polycarbonate greenhouse

Planting cucumbers on open beds is carried out after setting the night temperature not lower than 10 degrees... If you sow a seed in a greenhouse or greenhouse, then the temperature conditions are milder.

Selecting seedlings for sowing in spring

If the seedlings are grown independently, then the sowing time of the variety should be taken into account. Early varieties are planted late March - early April... Mid-season and late greens are sown on seedlings, starting from April 15.

When choosing seedlings on the market, the following factors should be taken into account:

• seedlings should not be older than 30-35 days;
• stem height reaches 25-30 cm;
• the length of the hypocotal knee does not exceed 5 cm, the thickness is from 0.6 to 1 cm;
• white pimples (root buds) are visible on the hypocotal knee;
• the number of formed sheets is 5-6, the diameter of the lower ones reaches 16-20 cm.

Seedlings are best grown in peat or paper cups.

The root system of cucumbers is poorly developed, so there is a high probability of damage during transplantation. In order not to injure the plant, many gardeners use to sow and grow seedlings peat or paper pots, from which it is not necessary to extract the shoot when transferring to the garden.

Preparing the garden before growing

Cucumbers love light and fertile soil, so you need to start preparing by choosing a place.

It is preferable to arrange the beds from north to south, then there will be no problems with lighting. As food for the soil, it is more suitable cow dung, the plant reacts to it very positively. In the fall, a rotted mullein is introduced into the site (5-6 kg per 1 m2).

You can also enrich the soil immediately before planting by watering it with manure tincture (1 part of organic matter for 5 parts of water).

A good alternative to mullein is chicken droppings... It is used even less for the preparation of tinctures (1 part of droppings per 20 parts of water). Complex mineral fertilizers are also suitable.

The most efficient way to grow cucumbers outdoors is arrangement of warm beds with a height of at least 25 cm. The organic pillow will create a favorable temperature for germination of seedlings and the development of young shoots. You can harvest the crop 7-10 days earlier than usual.

Warm beds are the most efficient way to grow cucumbers

Landing

The disembarkation is performed in cloudy weather or in the eveningso that the sun's rays do not dry out the transplanted shoots. A few days before transplanting, the seedlings need to be watered abundantly and fed with fertilizers. This will help her quickly adapt to new conditions.

The holes on the site are planned at such a distance from each other so that the plants can develop comfortably and form whips. Each variety has certain stem sizes, and they are taken into account when drawing up a diagram. Bush cucumbers are planted 5-6 plants per 1 m2, tall crops - 3-4 shoots per 1 m2.

Introduce a seedling into the prepared moistened hole together with the earth lump... It is not worth deepening the hypocotal knee. The surface of the soil is not strongly pressed down so as not to damage the sensitive processes of the roots.

The necessary care for the seedlings after planting

You need to water the garden regularly in the evening hours (and preferably at about the same time).

The water temperature should not drop below 18 degrees... You need to direct the stream to the soil in the aisles; you should not spray the leaves. Before flowering, irrigation is carried out in moderation (1-2 times a week). The rates of the liquid used increase during the fruiting period (from 1 liter to 3 liters).

It is recommended to carry out several times a season hilling... This procedure will allow the root system to form better, to grow additional roots, which will make the plant more resistant to fungal diseases.

Loosening and weeding usually combined. During the season, at least 3-4 procedures will be required. Loosening enriches the soil with oxygen, prevents moisture stagnation. Weeding eliminates thickening of the planting, weeds attract insects, create a shade, thereby activating spores and harmful microorganisms that infect cucumbers.

The correct formation of the cucumber lash is one of the important conditions for care.

Cucumber garden care includes whip formation... This procedure is aimed at the development of lateral shoots, on which a large number of female flowers are formed. To do this, pinch the central stem over 5-6 leaves.

They need shaping the bushes mid-season and late varieties Zelentsov. Plants with an early ripening period do not need to be pinched.

What mineral and organic dressings can be used

A fertilized bed with nutrients at the preparatory stage does not provide the developing shoot with all the necessary trace elements.

After emergence, spend root (Once every 3 weeks) and foliar (weekly) top dressing. Organic and mineral fertilizers are used as food.

For foliar processing, it is used solution based on manure or poultry manure... Root dressing involves the use of the following means:

• Agricola 5 for Cucumbers - 1 tbsp. l. on a bucket of water (3-4 liters per 1 m2);
• Energen - 2 capsules per bucket of water (3 liters per 1 m2);
• "Effekton-O" - 2 tbsp. l. on a bucket of water (4 liters per 1 m2);
• Agricola Vegeta - 2 tbsp. l. + nitrophoska 1 tbsp. l. on a bucket of water (5 liters per 1 m2).

Agricola - for root

Errors

Some gardeners make mistakes when growing green leaves, which leads to a decrease in yield.

Among the main ones:

• usage poor quality seeds (there is poor germination of seed, lack of ovaries);
• good filling of the soil before planting with fertilizers, which does not provide for further feeding (this is a delusion, because the root system of cucumbers better perceives nutrition from solutions of weak concentration, and an excess of trace elements negatively affects the growing season);
• growing seedlings of large sizes (you need to focus not on size, but on timing, they should not exceed 35 days);
• soil oversaturation nitrogen fertilizers (this leads to rapid growth of tops and reduces the formation of ovaries);
• use for irrigation cold water (the plant develops slowly, practically does not bloom);
• lack of methods for forming a lash (pinching and removing side shoots are aimed at increasing the ovaries and providing a sufficient amount of nutrition for the whole plant).

Diseases, pests and good ways to fight

Even with proper care, cucumber beds are not protected from pests and diseases. Of course, the risk of damage to healthy, well-groomed plants is small, but the danger exists. Therefore, it is important instant reaction on the part of gardeners when the first signs of a problem are detected.

The following diseases are considered dangerous for the crop.

• Powdery mildew affects primarily foliage, spreading further along the stems and petioles. It is recognized by its characteristic white spots. Methods of treatment: removal from the garden and disposal of affected bushes, treatment of cucumbers with ground sulfur powder (3 g per 1 m2), spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur (25 gr. 0.3% sulfur per bucket of water).
• Peronosporosis (downy mildew) appears as yellow-green spots with a light bloom on the top of the bush. The disease spreads quickly, capable of destroying an entire garden bed in a short period of time. Methods of treatment: spraying with a milk solution (1 liter of milk and 10 drops of iodine per bucket of water), processing the culture with a Bordeaux mixture.
• White rot affects all parts of the plant, forming mucus and light bloom. Formed as a result of waterlogging, thickening of the planting and temperature changes. Transmitted through soil and seeds. Control methods: regulation of the irrigation regime, disinfection of the beds with a solution of water (10 l), copper sulfate (2 gr.) And urea (10 gr.). The affected bushes need to be disposed of and replaced.
• Root rot it is recognized by the weak development of the plant and its wilting, which occurs as a result of root decay.The reasons may lie in high humidity, temperature extremes, soil or seed contamination. Control methods: regulation of irrigation, pruning of affected plant areas, dusting the soil with crushed lime (up to 200 gr. Per 1 m2).

No less dangerous for cucumbers are harmful insects:

• melon aphid (if detected, spray with a solution of ash at the rate of 200 g per 10 l of water + 50 g of grated laundry soap, apply the drug "Inta-Vir");
• spider mite (periodic spraying with infusions of onion peel or garlic will help);
• ants (dust the soil with lime, move the nests outside the garden bed);
• slugs (arrangement of traps for collecting pests, treatment with Metaldehyde);
• whitefly (treatment with the drug "Inta-Vir").

The agricultural technology of cucumbers, although it has some features, is quite feasible for any owner. If there is a desire to experiment, then the test should be done on several bushes, and not on the entire garden. Then the future harvest will definitely be safe.

How do you know if it's time to plant cucumbers?

When determining planting time, attention should be paid to the ambient temperature. It is very important that the soil evenly warms up to at least 15 degrees Celsius at night. During planting, it is important for us that the cucumbers do not freeze. This is exactly the result we will achieve if we wait until the night time for the ground temperature to rise to a given temperature.

However, it should be borne in mind that cucumbers will not grow at a temperature of + 15 °. But we will plant them taking into account the fact that in spring the air temperature will increase every day, and then the cucumbers will begin to grow at an accelerated pace.

If you missed the timing of planting cucumbers and the weather surprised you in the form of a drop in air temperature, do not despair. Cucumbers can be saved. To do this, cover the beds with a special covering material or at least with plastic wrap.

Where to plant cucumbers?

First of all, we will answer the question "Where to plant cucumbers?" Since even a slight drop in temperature for a short time can nullify your work, it is worthwhile to approach the choice of a landing site with all responsibility. Try to find an area where the cucumbers will be minimally exposed to the cold wind.

When choosing a landing site, make sure that it is well lit by the sun. Cucumbers can be grown horizontally and vertically. In the first version, they are planted in holes, which are made at a sufficient distance from each other - on average, about 50 cm. In this case, the option of planting on long narrow beds is convenient. In the process of growth, the lashes of cucumbers are freely located on the ground on both sides of the ridge. This must be foreseen in advance, leaving enough space on the sides of the garden.

With the vertical method of planting cucumbers, it is necessary to place nets or ropes perpendicular to the soil, attaching them to high stakes driven into the ground. Cucumbers will actively trail along such supports, the main thing is that these structures do not block the access of sunlight to the plants. Studies have shown that if cucumbers are planted vertically, the yield increases. But there are no unequivocal recommendations on this score. Plant as you like.

Seeds or seedlings?

This issue is also solved by gardeners on their own. There is no big difference, it all depends on your desire. Consider the fact that seeds germinate very quickly at favorable ambient temperatures. A couple of days after planting, you can see the first shoots. On average, you need to count on the fact that the seedlings should be transplanted into open ground no later than 30 days after the emergence of shoots.

Seedlings must be planted in open ground at the same time as the seeds. Check out preliminary weather forecasts for the next three weeks. By analyzing data from several sources, you can guess the time of the expected planting of cucumbers.And then decide: either you will grow seedlings, which will help you get an earlier harvest, or you will sow seeds.

For better germination of seeds, they should be filled with water for 10 hours. Before the seeds swell, it is necessary to change the water several times. It is better to sow the seeds immediately, after these 10 hours. To do this, we make depressions in the soil with a depth of 2 to 4 cm and lower the swollen seeds there. The hole should first be poured with water.

During the growth process, it is recommended to water cucumbers only with warm water. Never let the soil dry out. If you see that the roots of the cucumbers are visible above the surface, do not forget to mulch. The best mulch for cucumbers is humus.

Good day to all!

The last month has come when you can still sow seeds for seedlings. It will take a little more time and a huge army of summer residents, loaded with green seedlings, will go to their garden plots.

What will gardeners take with them? Cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, zucchini and, of course, cucumbers.

Perhaps there is not a single amateur gardener who would not grow these plants on his site. They are good both in salad and in salting. Regardless of the weather conditions, cucumber seedlings are planted annually on a personal subsidiary farm.

And greenhouses and hotbeds are of great help in growing this crop. Using these shelters, the harvest of your favorite vegetables can be obtained even much earlier than by planting them in open ground.

It goes without saying that the crop grown in the greenhouse is much more numerous and of better quality than the one grown in the open field.

And although, using a greenhouse, they can be planted in it not only with young seedlings, but also with seeds immediately, nevertheless, experienced gardeners advise not to be lazy, but to grow them at home, and only then plant them in a permanent place.

When to plant cucumbers according to the lunar calendar in 2018

Those who have been engaged in this vegetable crop for a long time have undoubtedly accumulated rich experience in growing them. However, most still use the data of the lunar calendar in order to navigate the timing of planting seeds and the subsequent planting of ready-made seedlings in their area.

To choose auspicious days, they use the state of the moon, or, as they say, phases. It depends on which moon, growing or waning, which crops to plant: root crops or those that bear fruit above the ground.

So, with the growing moon, the juices in the plants go from the roots to the top. When decreasing, everything happens the other way around. And on a full moon, nutrients are concentrated in plants to the maximum.

Thus, the optimal dates for planting cucumbers in April will be April 2, 3, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26 and 29. April 30 - on the day of the full moon, as well as on the days on which the new moon falls, and this is April 15, 16 and 17, it is not recommended to carry out any planting work.

If you decide to also use the month of May for planting cucumbers, then such auspicious days will be as 6, 9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 May.

This month is already warm enough, and therefore you can sow seeds directly into the ground, naturally under a film shelter, or in greenhouses.

And unfavorable days for planting cucumbers in May will be the days from 14 to 16, as well as May 29.

How to grow cucumber seedlings at home on a windowsill

You can plant cucumbers on your site either by seedlings (which is done by almost every gardener), or by seeds. In the second case, you do not need to tinker with the seedlings, but there is a risk of not getting a crop.

Therefore, it is still better to spend time on the preparatory work for growing small plants, and then shoot wonderful green cucumbers.

Their cultivation is always carried out in several stages. It all starts with preparing seeds for sowing into the soil.

Seed preparation for sowing

Usually purchased seeds are used for planting. However, many often leave their own for further planting.Especially if the grown vegetables turned out to be very tasty. Here, unlike purchased ones, they must be disinfected by soaking in a solution of potassium permanganate.

Further, even purchased, at least your own must be checked for quality. To do this, dissolve a spoonful of salt in a glass of water and lower the seeds there. Those that sink to the bottom are suitable for landing. We take them out and prepare further. Those that surfaced are dummies, we don't need them.

At the next stage, you can harden them, although you can do without it. Here someone is already used to it, or loves it. This will not significantly affect germination.

However, the resistance to temperature changes in plants may be higher. If you decide on this procedure, then for the beginning of 10 hours the seeds should be placed in the refrigerator, then warmed up by the battery for 8 hours.

And finally, the last stage in preparing seeds for sowing is soaking.

Seeds are laid out on a damp cloth, a saucer or plate with them is placed in a warm place. We periodically check that the rag is damp, if necessary, add water at room temperature. Without much enthusiasm, we only slightly moisturize. When the seeds "hatch" - small sprouts appear, you can begin to sow them.

Soil for sowing seeds

This is an important question, since different plants prefer different soil compositions.

The composition of the soil can include components such as sod land, peat, sawdust and manure. You can add some sand. In addition, a mixture of fertilizers containing 7 g of superphosphate, 4 g of potassium sulfate, 3 g of urea and 1 g of magnesium sulfate is also added to the soil.

If you do not need to deal with the composition of the soil, you can simply buy the appropriate soil in the store.

In addition, it is also necessary to select suitable seedling containers. Plastic cups are best suited for this purpose. You can, of course, do with boxes, but it will be difficult to dive cucumbers out of them. In a plastic cup, you put one seed at a time, in the future you will have one bush that can be easily transplanted into the ground in the garden.

And recently, the germination of seeds in peat tablets has also become popular, but more on that later.

Planting seeds

We make holes in the cups for excess moisture to escape. We fill in the drainage, then the soil itself. By the way, experienced gardeners advise using a mixture of peat and sand in a 1: 1 ratio. We make a small depression in the ground, put a seed and sprinkle it with earth. Having planted all the prepared cups in this way, water and cover with polyethylene.

The containers stand under the film until small sprouts appear. This usually happens within three days. In this case, the temperature should be about 25 ºС. Then it will need to be lowered to 5 ºС.

Seedling care

In order for the growth to grow normally, it is necessary to provide it with proper watering, lighting and temperature conditions. These are, so to speak, three whales that support the cultivation of not only cucumbers, but also other garden crops.

For normal growth, the optimal temperature regime is between 20 and 23 degrees. In addition, phytolamps can be used.

With their help, not only the temperature is maintained, but also additional lighting. Cucumbers need a lot of light, otherwise they will begin to stretch upward and then it will be inconvenient to plant them in a permanent place. Daylight hours for small seedlings should have a duration of 8 to 18 hours.

Plants are watered only with warm water. The soil should always be at least moist. However, you must ensure that there is no strong overflow, otherwise the roots may rot. Never use cold tap water. This can lead not only to a slowdown in plant growth, but even to their death.

Top dressing of seedlings

And one more important component of seedlings care is fertilizers.Correct and timely feeding will give them an advantage in growth and further survival, which will undoubtedly affect the quality of the crop.

Although feeding is not carried out so often, only 2-3 times during growth, it is still necessary to do this.

The first feeding is done immediately after the first leaf appears. When the second appears, the second feeding is done, respectively. Well, the third is carried out 15 days after the fertilization was applied for the second time.

Finding the fertilizers you need for your seedlings will not be difficult. In any country store you will find everything you need for your green pets.

However, many people prefer to use materials at hand, i.e. prepare top dressing yourself. For the very first feeding, it is best to mix organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers.

For example, we dilute manure in a bucket, in a 1: 1 ratio and add 20 g of superphosphate there. If poultry manure is used instead of manure, then it is diluted in a ratio of 1:10.

In general, there are a lot of recipes for the preparation of such fertilizers. Let's take this:

• water - 5 l;
• bird droppings - 100 g;
• superphosphates - 7 g;
• ammonium nitrate - 3 g;
• potassium sulfate - 4 g;

This composition is used for the first feeding. For subsequent dressings, the concentration of the constituent components is usually doubled. Also, for the last feeding, the following composition is well suited:

• water - 10 liters;
• urea - 15 g;
• superphosphate - 40 g;
• potassium salt - 10 g;

By the way, potassium salt should be in the form of sulfate, not chloride, since chlorine has a negative effect on plant growth.

If you buy fertilizers in a store, then such complex formulations as Effekton, Potassium humate and Sodium humate are well suited.

Some gardeners recommend using a mixture of chicken manure and ash.

Also, yeast feeding is quite common. Any of them are used for this. They are bred in warm water. Such a top dressing is introduced for the first time after the first nitrogen dressing, and then after the second - phosphate dressing. It is believed that twice is enough to introduce yeast.

Thus, using the correct technology for growing seedlings, you will subsequently get a good harvest by planting it in a greenhouse or just in open ground.

And at the end of this topic, a small video on growing cucumber seedlings at home.

Subject to all planting and care conditions, be prepared to harvest large yields.

Features of growing seedlings in peat tablets

Now a fairly popular cultivation method for many crops has become the use of peat tablets.

Why this method is good. Peat tablets are a ready-made substrate with all the necessary nutrients. They are already sold in a special container, so you don't have to look for cups or drawers either. And one more important plus - we plant seedlings ready for transplanting into the ground immediately in this tablet.

Thus, nothing should be dived or separated from the ground. This means that there is no chance of damage to the roots.

If you just have a set of peat tablets without special containers in the form of cells, then when choosing containers for growing, choose such that their height is at least 10 cm.

The seed sowing technology is quite simple. All steps are exactly the same as for normal seeding. That is, seed preparation, processing and soaking.

Next, fill the tablets with water, right in the container. And after they have swollen enough, put one seed in the center of the tablet, in the recess available there.

Sprinkle with earth, water and cover with foil. Everything. There are no lengthy worries about preparing the soil and finding a container. Here, as they say, "all inclusive".

After sprouting, the film is removed and further cultivation proceeds as in the standard method.

The only thing that needs to be done regularly and often is watering.Since the structure of the tablets is such (coconut fiber and peat) that they quickly absorb moisture, it is necessary to monitor the drying of the soil. If it is not possible to irrigate yourself, you can pour water on the bottom of the container where the tablets with seedlings are located. The tablets will absorb the required amount of water by themselves.

How and when to plant cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse

What are greenhouses good for? In them, you can not only grow vegetables all year round (if there is heating), but also plant plants not only with small seedlings, but even with seeds right away.

This is especially true for modern greenhouses such as polycarbonate. The material from which they are made is sufficiently resistant to various weather conditions, wear-resistant. And this means that by owning such a greenhouse, you can not look at the weather conditions, but engage in planting whenever you want.

If the greenhouse has heating, then crops can be started already at the end of March - April. If there is none, then planting occurs at the end of April - May. This is mainly typical for central Russia.

Of the preferred seed varieties, self-pollinated seeds are best for greenhouses. Otherwise, you will have to lure insects for these purposes.

If you plant seedlings in a greenhouse with ready-made strong plants, then planting can be carried out only when 3-4 already formed leaves, a pair of antennae, appear on their stems. In addition, the stem must be strong enough and the root system well developed.

When sowing with seeds, plants do not need to go through all the stages of adaptation, as when growing seedlings. The ripening time will be somewhat reduced and you will have the opportunity to get the harvest a little earlier. However, here it is necessary to take into account the thermal regime. If your greenhouse is not heated, then you should not plant before May.

Since cucumbers need loose and organic-rich soil, it will be necessary to bring a rather large amount of either manure or compost into the greenhouse (approximately, about 15 kg per 1 sq. M). If something has already been grown in the greenhouse, then in the fall it is necessary to remove the top layer of five cm.

After that, treat the soil with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of water. Now you need to scatter fertilizers at the rate of 1 sq. m 25 kg of manure, 40 g of phosphate fertilizers and 40 g of potash fertilizers.

So we leave it until spring. In the spring, we bring a new layer of soil into the greenhouse, which consists of a mixture of peat (5 parts), humus (3 parts) and sod soil (2 parts). Everything is loosened with a rake, and you can start planting.

The nature of the planting depends on the structure and size of the greenhouse. There are such types of landings as tape: two-line, one-line and checkerboard.

If the greenhouse is large, a common method is to locate one bed in the center, where the plants are planted in two rows, and two beds against the walls, where one row of plants is located.

The holes in the beds are made in such a way that it would be possible to cross the plant well in them. Compost or peat is poured into the bottom of the hole. After that, the bed is watered and, finally, the plant itself is planted. Next, sprinkle and mulch with peat.

All cucumbers are planted. Now there are only worries about caring for them.

Terms and features of planting seeds in open ground

As already mentioned, cucumbers are planted both as seedlings and seeds directly into the open ground. The first method is always better to plant. But if you don't feel like messing around with seedlings, then planting seeds is also an option. You just need to take into account some of the features.

First things first, it's the temperature of the soil. By the time the seeds are planted, it should be at least 15 degrees. But it is not worth delaying, as they say. In the open air, seedlings grow well at temperatures from +18 to +25 degrees. If its development falls on the July heat, then it may die.

There is an interesting sign: if the potatoes have sprouted, then the frost has passed.Then you can sow cucumbers in open ground.

If you use store-bought seeds for planting, and this happens most often, then on the back of the bag you can read about the timing of their planting. In addition, in different regions, the timing may be different, depending on the climatic conditions. In the middle lane - this is the beginning of May, and in the northern regions - the end of May and even June.

If you use your own seed for planting, then seeds up to 2 years old have the greatest germination. If they were stored for more than this period, then their germination may be worse.

Seed preparation is exactly the same as when planting seedlings. The only thing, three days before planting, the seeds are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, keeping them there until sowing.

The bed must be prepared: plow, remove weeds and apply fertilizer. The most common of many is Agricola.

For 1 sq. m, about 17 g of fertilizer is consumed. However, everything is written on the packaging.

Having prepared the beds, we make holes for seeds. You can make grooves 2 cm deep.If you are planting in holes, then the distance between them should be 50-60 cm.When planting crops that are tied to trellises, it decreases to 25-30 cm.

The wells must be moistened if the soil is dry. Up to 4 seeds are sown in one hole. Then everything is covered with earth. If there is a likelihood of an attack by ants, slugs or mice, you can sprinkle a mixture of ground black and red pepper along the garden bed.

Video on how to plant cucumbers in a barrel

One of the interesting and original Know-Hows in growing this vegetable crop is growing them in a barrel.

It is believed that this method is beneficial, firstly, by saving space, and secondly by limiting the growth of roots in width. But unlimited growth in depth. In addition, containers can be placed in the most convenient and favorable places. Also, in a barrel, the soil warms up better than in the garden bed, and the heated soil is an important condition for the growth of cucumbers.

There is also no risk of plant death due to the fact that frosts can suddenly appear. And the main thing is watering. Moisture is retained in the barrel much better than in the garden bed. This means that you can reduce watering, which is convenient if you have no time to water the garden too often.

How to grow cucumbers in a barrel, see this video.

Now that's exactly it! All these tips and tricks will undoubtedly help you grow an excellent harvest. After all, what could be better than a tasty-smelling, crispy cucumber plucked from your own garden!

Good luck with your gardening business!

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The key to a successful harvest is the timely and correct planting of cucumbers with seeds for seedlings and in the ground. You will learn the rules and secrets of agricultural technology from this article.

Dates of planting cucumbers by seeds in the ground

Open ground

• Cucumbers are planted in open ground in the spring with the onset of heat - the soil should warm up well by the time of planting (at least 14 ° C), in the middle lane it is approximately after May 5-6. In the middle lane and northern latitudes, for an early harvest, cucumbers are planted through seedlings, in the southern regions the seeds are planted immediately in open ground. When grown in seedlings, you can harvest a couple of weeks earlier.
• Do not try to plant cucumber seeds in open ground early: this will not help to get earlier shoots, moreover, in cold soil, especially with heavy rainfall, cucumber seeds will rot and trample. And if they do, it will be much later than landing in a warm earth.

Cold and warm greenhouse

• You can prepare a greenhouse by covering it with foil or glass. The land warmed up in a greenhouse will allow you to sow cucumbers indoors in March-April, depending on the weather conditions in your region.
• Landing on a warm bed will allow you to plant cucumbers in a greenhouse even with persistent night frosts down to -3 ° C, however, it will be necessary to warm up the laid manure well so that it “ignites” and releases the required amount of heat.

Dates for planting cucumber seeds for seedlings

Seeds of cucumbers for seedlings are planted 27-30 days before planting in a permanent place: in a greenhouse, greenhouse or open ground.

• Seedlings for heated greenhouses are planted in February.
• For planting in an unheated greenhouse in early April, you need to plant cucumbers for seedlings in the first decade of March.
• For planting seedlings in a greenhouse in mid to late April, we plant seeds in the second decade of March.
• For planting in the ground in early to mid-May, we plant cucumber seeds for seedlings in the first or second decade of April.

Preparing a site for planting cucumbers

How to prepare the land for planting cucumbers

Seat selection

To get a good harvest, choose a sunny place for growing cucumbers that is protected from the northerly winds. Favorable placement along the perimeter of the site of fast-growing tall crops (sunflowers, potatoes, legumes) - they will help create the necessary microclimate.

Priming

Almost any soil will work, but it should be drained and breathable. Cucumber grows best on light, humus-rich soils. You can increase the nutritional value of the soil by introducing organic fertilizers: humus or compost.

Prepare the site in the fall. It is necessary to dig a shovel to the depth of the bayonet and apply organic fertilizers, add a little superphosphate and ash.

Predecessors

It is advisable to change the place for cucumbers every 5 years. The best predecessors are: early potatoes, tomatoes, peas, corn.

Preparing the ridges

We prepare the ridges just before sowing seeds or planting seedlings. The height of the beds should be 20-25 cm. If the soil is depleted, add sod soil, peat, humus, sawdust in equal proportions.

How to disinfect the soil before planting cucumbers

For disinfection, spill the soil with a solution of copper sulfate: 1 tsp for 10 liters of hot water (80-90 ° C). powder. Add 3 liters of solution per 1 m². Leave for a day, and then sow or plant seedlings.

How to choose the right cucumber seeds for planting

How to choose cucumbers for planting

The seeds are not difficult to collect on your own, and there is also a wide selection of varieties on sale. If there is no information on the purpose of the variety on the package, take a look at the photo: cucumbers, suitable for fresh consumption, are covered with white pimples, for canning they are darker. Store seeds for no more than 2 years.

How to check the quality of the seeds:

• Place the seeds in a container with warm water - low-quality seeds will float to the surface; for sowing, use only seeds that have sunk to the bottom.

How to prepare cucumber seeds for planting

Whether it is necessary to soak the seeds of cucumbers before planting, the gardener decides for himself: cucumbers grow well in warm soil, even without preliminary preparation. But if you want to win a few days and get the harvest early, you can pre-soak and harden the seeds.

How to properly soak cucumber seeds before planting:

• Place the seeds for a few minutes in a low-borne solution of potassium permanganate: this will disinfect them from diseases, then be sure to rinse.
• Dry, then hold for a couple of hours at a temperature of 60 ° C - this will accelerate the onset of fruiting.
• How to process cucumber seeds before planting: place the seeds in a cloth bag (gauze is suitable) and hold for about 12 hours in the following solution: 1 tsp for 1 liter of water. nitrophosphate and sifted wood ash. Then rinse with clean water. You can just hold the cucumber seeds on damp gauze dipped in a growth stimulant solution: the effect will not be worse.
• How to germinate cucumber seeds before planting: place the seeds on a damp cloth and keep them at + 20 ° C so that they swell well. The seeds should not sprout, but slightly hatch.
• Then harden the cucumber seeds before planting: keep them in the vegetable section of the refrigerator for a day and plant them carefully so as not to damage them.

Seeds of hybrid varieties do not need processing.

Sowing cucumber seeds in open ground

How to plant cucumbers in the ground photo

• It is recommended to sow seeds in open ground in 2-3 passes: this way you will hedge against recurrent cold weather (cover the ridges with a film if frosts are foreseen) and get fruiting at different times.
• Cucumber seeds are planted with the onset of real heat (mid-late April) until the beginning of summer, but keep in mind that the summer heat can destroy the shoots if the soil dries up.

The ridges are already ready. Form planting holes or rows, spill with water.

Planting depth of cucumber seeds and the distance between them

• Deepen the seeds by 2 cm, maintain a distance in a row of about 6-8 cm, between rows 60-80 cm.
• You can place 4-6-8 seeds in one hole, leave 60-80 cm between the holes.
• After planting the ridges, it is useful to mulch with a thin layer of humus.
• For 10 m², you will need about 50 g of seed.
• When shoots appear, thin them out, leaving the strongest shoots at a distance of about 10-15 cm from each other.

Thickened plantings of cucumbers do not reduce the yield, but only improve the conditions for the growth of the culture: the lashes evenly fill the space allotted to them, closing the ground, and thus a wonderful microclimate is created, moisture lingers under the leaves, cucumbers do not experience stress from overheating in the hot sun, provided timely watering.

The disadvantage of this method can only be called the difficulty of harvesting, you just need to leave wide aisles between the ridges in two rows, so that there is convenient access.

How to easily protect cucumbers from the heat

In regions with very hot summers, it is recommended to plant a cornice planting between cucumber ridges: plant it more often, every 20-30 cm, to create a dense "fence". Orient the ridges so that the midday sun casts the longest shadow from the "living fence".

Pinching cucumbers to increase yields

So that the lashes are not too long, and each cucumber bush is compact and with many side lashes, pinch the center growth point above 5-6 leaves.

A simple way to plant cucumbers in open ground video:

Planting cucumbers in a greenhouse with seeds

Prepare the greenhouse in advance: dig up the bed and fertilize, loosen the ground with a rake, rake the breasts to the edges of the greenhouse. Cover the arcs with foil, press firmly with stone or bricks. Let the earth warm up. After a week, check: pierce the ground with your hand, if it is warm for the length of your palm, feel free to sow.

Planting cucumbers in a greenhouse with seeds

• Embedding depth 2 cm.
• Make or round holes with 5-6 seeds evenly distributed (distance between holes 60-80 cm)
• Or rows every 60-80 cm, the distance between seeds in a row is 6-8 cm.
• When the seeds sprout, we thin out the seedlings in rows up to 10-15 cm between the plants.

After planting the seeds, the greenhouse is lightly watered with warm water (even hot) and quickly covered with a film. Watch the weather and in the bright sun, be sure to open the greenhouse partially or completely so that delicate plants do not "burn": burns from high temperatures will noticeably postpone fruiting times. In case of excessive heat, the seeds may die right in the ground, and will not sprout.

Planting cucumber seeds for seedlings at home

Cucumbers planting seeds for seedlings photo

Sow cucumber seeds for seedlings during March-April (for heated greenhouses - in February).

A nutritious soil mixture is required:

• 2 parts of peat and humus, 1 part of small sawdust, add 2 tbsp. l. wood ash and 1.5 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate.
• Mix all components thoroughly.

How to plant:

• Plant the seeds in cassette cups so that the plants do not dive afterwards. If you are planting in small cassettes, then transfer to large cups when the seedlings become cramped.
• Deepen the seeds by 1 cm, moisten the soil, cover the crops with foil.
• Lighting is required bright, but diffused, keep the air temperature warm. On short daylight hours, additional lighting is required.
• With the emergence of shoots, remove the shelter.
• When 2 leaves are formed, feed: dissolve 1 tsp in 1 liter of warm water. nitrophosphate or nitroammophoska.
• Water the seedlings once a week, completely moistening the entire volume of the soil in the cups, drain the excess water in the pan.
• Before planting in open ground, gradually accustom you to fresh air - take it out into the garden for several hours.

The seedlings will be fully ready in 27-30 days.

Planting cucumber seeds for seedlings video:

How to plant cucumber seedlings in the ground

• Water the plants well the day before planting.
• Choose a warm, clear day for planting.
• Carefully remove the cup from the earthen clod without breaking its integrity.
• Deepen only the roots into the ground, sprinkle the soil around the placed earthen clod, press lightly with your fingers. To prevent the plants from interfering with each other, keep a distance of 10-15 cm between them. Water.

Planting cucumber seedlings in open ground video:

Planting cucumber seedlings in a greenhouse video:

How to care for cucumbers

Weeding and loosening the soil

Plants need to be cared for carefully. Remove weeds from the beds at all times. Loosen the soil regularly after watering, going 3-4 cm deeper. Be careful not to damage the roots and whips.

Watering

Cucumbers are hygrophilous. They need to be watered regularly. From a lack of moisture, the taste of the vegetable deteriorates, and a bitterness appears. The leaves darken, fall off. It is best to irrigate in the morning or evening when the sun is not so active. Do not use cold water or a strong hose stream. You need to irrigate the soil, not the plants themselves. The regularity of watering depends on the weather conditions. On average, you need to water every 2-3 days, during the fruiting period, do it more often: every evening or morning. If the water does not pass well, make punctures between the rows with a pitchfork.

Pinching

When the 5-6th leaf grows, you need to pinch the main shoot - this helps to strengthen the roots and active regrowth of lateral shoots.

Hilling

To prevent fungal diseases and maintain normal growth of the root system, the bushes should be spud several times per season.

How and what to feed cucumbers

In the greenhouse

When grown in a greenhouse, it is necessary to feed 5 times per season (organic or mineral fertilizers). Carry out the first feeding with the beginning of flowering, then - as it grows and fruiting. For the first feeding, it is recommended to use a solution: take 10 liters of water, add 1 tsp each. urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, add 1 cup of mullein with a mushy consistency (instead of it, you can add 1 tbsp. l sodium humate).

In the open field

It is advisable to feed cucumbers growing in an open area 3-4 times per season. Mineral fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen are best suited. Apply the first top dressing when a couple of leaves appear, the second - with the beginning of fruit setting, then - during the fruiting period.

Choose a warm, clear day for fertilization so that nutrients are absorbed successfully.

Collect the fruits regularly (every other day) so that they do not outgrow, and the bush continues to bear fruit successfully. Store your cucumbers in a cool place.

Fermented grass

A very good top dressing is obtained from fermented grass: collect more green weeds without seeds, put in a container and fill with water, let it ferment for a week and add a liter of solution with water under the plants in a ratio of 1:10.

Diseases of cucumbers: how to spray and treat

It is important to observe the agricultural technique of planting, to ensure proper watering and shading, and in greenhouses - ventilation, then the harvest will be good, and diseases and pests will not bother.

Cladosporium on cucumber leaves photo of cucumber diseases

Cladosporium - the most common disease. The causative agent is a fungus, which is activated by high humidity and sudden temperature changes.

Cladosporium on cucumber fruits photo of cucumber diseases

The leaves of the plant, young cucumbers are covered with black spots with a gray bloom, the fruits grow curved. It is necessary to spray with a preparation containing benzimidazole.

Powdery mildew on cucumbers photo of cucumber diseases

Powdery mildew - a fungal disease in which the leaves are covered with a white bloom. Remove affected areas, spray with colloidal sulfur solution.

White rot on cucumbers photo of cucumber diseases

White rot - all parts of the plant are covered with a slippery whitish bloom, then rotting begins. This happens from excessive humidity in the air and soil, poor ventilation - if there is a pathogen in the soil, do not thicken the planting. The damaged areas should be removed, sprinkle the plant with fluff lime.

Root rot on cucumbers photo of cucumber diseases

Root rot - at the beginning of the fruiting period, a brown spot appears at the base of the stem, which spreads further. This happens with excessive moisture. Powder the affected areas with chalk or ash. If the plant has died, it must be disposed of, treat the hole with a solution of copper sulfate.

Cucumber leaf mosaic virus photo of cucumber diseases

Leaf mosaic - the leaves are covered with spots of light green or dark green, their surface becomes corrugated. Spots and bumps can also affect the fruit. Infection occurs if the seeds were not treated before planting, and weeds contribute to this. Sick plants will have to be disposed of. Spill the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Olive spot - the fruits are covered with brown sores. This happens when watering with cold water, due to high humidity, from drafts. Stop watering for 5 days. Treat with 1% Bordeaux liquid solution.

Bacterial wilting of cucumbers photo of cucumber diseases

Bacterial wilting - Plants wither and dry out very quickly. At night, the turgor can recover, but during the day the leaves and shoots wither again, soon completely die. The disease is caused by a bacterial infection. Cut the cucumber shoot: if you see white formations on the cut, this is definitely bacterial wilting. There is no cure for this disease, you need to immediately destroy all affected plants (burn) and scatter boiled wheat etched with carbaryl over the area - this will help to destroy the beetles that carry this dangerous disease. It will be possible to return the cucumbers to the same place only after three years.

Cucumber pests

Most often, pests are annoying when grown in greenhouses, greenhouses.

Among them: spider mite, melon aphid, whitefly. At the first detection of a pest, urgently carry out an insecticide treatment, if the waiting period allows. If the cucumbers are already bearing fruit, you will have to deal with the pests manually: pluck and burn the affected leaves, use a soap solution.

What to do if the cucumbers turn yellow, look at the video: