The timing of planting cabbage in open ground in the suburbs

To grow an ecologically clean and rich crop, you need to know when and how to plant cabbage outdoors. Crop varieties differ in different ripening periods, which means that compliance with the conditions and rules for planting in open ground is a necessary measure for a good result.

Timing

Cabbage is cultivated in two ways - seeds and seedlings. The first method keeps the taproot intact, which reaches 2 m in length without replanting, drawing moisture from the depths of the soil. Depending on the purpose of the variety, climatic conditions, the sowing period and the growing method are selected.

Seedless method

Landing dates:

• early varieties are sown from the last decade of April to mid-May;
• mid-term cabbage is sown in late May, early June;
• late varieties are sown from mid to late May.

In the southern regions, the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory, sowing with seeds in open ground is practiced after March 1, as soon as the ground warms up. Early varieties yield at the end of June. In the Saratov and Voronezh regions, cabbage is sown in April. In regions of temperate and northern climates, cabbage is grown from seeds only in protected ground, under a film.

Seedling

The optimal conditions for growing seedlings are a greenhouse or a greenhouse. In the apartment, the seedlings are strongly stretched, the sprouts need coolness.

• early cabbage is sown in early or early March;
• medium early varieties are sown from mid-March to mid-April;
• late cabbage is sown in early April.

Focusing on the ripening period, sowing dates are selected. Early varieties ripen in 2-3 months, medium - 3-5 months, late - 5-7 months. Do not overexpose on the ridges, this leads to cracking of the heads. The harvest is collected in a timely manner, the summer harvest is processed, the autumn harvest is stored.

In areas that are at the same latitude as Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, it is recommended to grow cabbage in unprotected soil from seedlings, since spring frosts can destroy the sprouts that break through. In regions of cold climates with short summers, only the seedling version of growing crops in the open field is used.

How to plant seeds?

Before planting, the seeds are disinfected in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, heated in hot water (45-50 ° C). A spoonful of aloe juice or honey is added to the water as a growth stimulant. Then the seed is dried.

The seeds are buried in a container with soil by 0.7 cm, in rows at a distance of 3-4 cm. The box is tightened on top with a film, creating greenhouse conditions, maintaining + 18-20 ° C. After 4-5 days, sprouts appear, they are placed in the most illuminated place, the film is removed. Seedlings need daylight hours at 14-16 hours, so in the evenings they turn on additional lighting.

To grow cabbage without transplanting in the open field, several seeds are planted in each hole to a depth of 1 cm. The plants are thinned out later, leaving the strongest specimen in each hole.

Seedling care

With the appearance of sprouts, the temperature regime is reduced to + 10 ° C. The temperature is increased to + 18 ° C in a week, when the first true leaves appear. Watered as the top layer of the earth dries up, prevent waterlogging, provide ventilation to prevent the "black leg".

Two weeks after germination, the seedlings are dived, planted in separate containers measuring 8 x 8 cm. They are transferred to open ground at the age of 40-60 days, when the plant reaches 13-15 cm, 4-6 leaves are formed on it.

Seedlings are fed with mineral fertilizers twice - when the first true leaf appears and two weeks before transplanting to the site. Use a solution for irrigation: for 10 liters of water, 15 g of urea, 30 g of potassium chloride, 30 g of superphosphate.

Landing in open ground

Seedlings are transplanted to the beds when the soil warms up to + 8, + 10 ° C. Do not be afraid of the influence of small frosts. Cabbage is hardened before planting in open ground. To do this, watering is reduced to 1 time in 2 days, cups with plants are placed outside for 3-4 hours daily. Correctly grown seedlings are frost-resistant, they are not afraid of a sudden drop in temperature to -5 ° C at night.

Seat selection

Cabbage loves water, so a lowland, in which moisture accumulates, is suitable for a garden. The site is chosen illuminated, with constant access to sunlight. Every 3 years, the culture is changed in the garden; soils after onions, carrots, garlic, cucumbers are useful for cabbage.

The land for planting is prepared in the fall, dug up in September, weeds are removed, humus is introduced - 3-4 kg per 1 sq. m. The soil is preferable loamy, with a humus content, which retains water well. Sour soils are limed, add 1-2 glasses of chalk per 1 sq. m.In the spring, the site is dug up again, the lumps are carefully broken up, and they are leveled with a rake.

Timing

Two weeks before transshipment into the ground, seedlings are fed with potassium, which increases frost resistance. In 1 liter of water, dissolve 4-6 g of potassium sulfate, water the cabbage.

Early varieties are planted in open soil from April 25 to May 5, mid-season and late ones - in late May - early June. The procedure is carried out on a cloudy day in the morning or in the evening so that the seedlings do not suffer from sunburn.

Landing

Before planting, the soil is fertilized, 1 tsp is applied. urea and 1 glass of wood ash per 1 sq. m. Between the rows for early cabbage, a distance of 40-50 cm is observed, between the plants - 25 cm is enough.

For late crops, the row spacing is observed - 50-55 cm, seedlings are planted 30-35 cm from each other.

Instructions:

1. Each well is thoroughly moistened - at least 1 liter of water is poured in. With a lack of fertilizers, a pinch of nitrophoska, a tablespoon of wood ash, 0.5 kg of manure are intervened in the soil of the pits.
2. The cabbage root is taken out with a lump of earth, they try not to damage it, they plant it right in the mud, sprinkle it with a layer of dry earth on top.
3. Overgrown seedlings are buried to the first true leaf.
4. Compact the soil around the stem.
5. Water the garden bed - 3-5 liters of water per 1 sq. m.
6. Shade with covering material, old newspapers for several days from direct sunlight.
7. On the second day, the soil around the seedlings is sprinkled with tobacco dust to scare away cabbage flies, at a distance of 5-6 cm from the trunk.
8. The first days the plants are sprayed with water for better adaptation.

Outdoor care

The procedures required for the development and growth of cabbage are timely pest control, watering, hilling.

Prevention of parasites

The cruciferous family has many pests, systematic measures to combat them are necessary throughout the growing season. Since a waxy coating forms on the cabbage leaves, liquid laundry soap is added to the solution with protective preparations for better adhesion.

List of pests (table):

Parasite name	Characteristic	Harm	Treatment methods
Fleas	Small black bugs	They make many holes in young leaves Provoke the death of the whole plant	They use Actellic preparations, Decis, Bankol, Bi-58, Karate
Slugs	Appears in May	Eats leaves en masse	Hand picking Setting traps
Cabbage moth	Lay eggs in April-May	Caterpillars eat leaves, destroy the outlet	Bacterial preparations are used Dippel, Lepidocide, Bactospein
Cabbage fly	They lay the larvae 2 times per season	Damage the root system, settle in the stem	Pollinated with DDT 5.5%, Hexachloran 12% Chlorophos 0.1%

Pretreatment of the soil with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid will eliminate the infection of cabbage with fusarium and keel. Treatment of seed with disinfectant solutions will protect from rot.

Watering

They refrain from abundant irrigation of the soil at first after planting cabbage in open ground. Excessive moisture provokes putrefactive diseases. The frequency of watering in the future depends on the natural conditions and the quality of the soil; watering is stopped 2-3 weeks before the expected harvest.

In the rainy season, heavy loamy soils are watered 3-4 times per season. For light fertile lands, the amount is increased up to 6 times, the hot and dry period is the reason for more frequent soil moistening, especially during the setting and intensive growth of heads of late-ripening and medium-ripeness varieties.

Hilling

The crust formed on the surface of the earth after rains and irrigation is loosened to a shallow depth, providing free access of oxygen to the roots. Weeds are removed at the same time.

To enhance the development of the root system, they rake the soil to the stem around each seedling 25 cm in diameter, stimulate the growth of new roots.Seedlings are processed 7-10 days after planting in open ground to ensure the stability of the trunk. Re-hilling is done in 2-3 weeks, in this way they also remove excess moisture in damp lowlands.

Top dressing

Early varieties are fertilized 1-2 times per season, middle and late ones 3-4 times. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied no later than a month before harvesting.

At the beginning of the growing season, more nitrogen substances are used. For the first time, superphosphate is used - 20 g, 10 g of urea, potassium chloride 15 g per 1 sq. m. It is convenient to dissolve in a bucket of water and pour into the grooves made in the soil at a distance of 10-12 cm from the row of seedlings.

The second time is fed when the cabbage is tying the heads of cabbage. Introduced in the aisles for 1 sq. m. potassium chloride 15-20 g, 10 g of urea, 20-30 g of superphosphate. The potassium dose is increased for subsequent feeding of late-ripening varieties. It is taken into account that the lack of sunlight stimulates the excessive accumulation of nitrates.

Cabbage is grown in all regions of Russia, Belarus and other CIS countries. There are many types of cabbage, each of them requires a special approach not only when growing seedlings.

Planting cabbage in open ground with seedlings also has its own subtleties. A good harvest is obtained if the rules of agricultural technology are applied.

Many gardeners have their own secrets, so cabbage heads of the same variety differ in size and density. Top dressing, watering, loosening - everything must be done on time and with love, in compliance with the cultivation technology.

How to correctly determine the timing of planting seedlings in open ground

Experienced gardeners know that the future harvest depends on the age of the seedlings before planting in open ground. The seeds of each type of vegetable, depending on the variety, are sown at different times so that by the time of planting the plants are strong and healthy.

The optimal age of seedlings of different types of cabbage

Consider how many days seedlings of different types of cabbage should grow. This is best seen in the table.

View	Age before boarding (in days)
Redhead	45-60
Early white cabbage	45-60
Mid-season white cabbage	35-45
Late white cabbage	30-35
Savoy	35-50
Colored and Brussels	44-50
Broccoli	34-45
Kohlrabi	30

Attention! Before sowing seeds, you need to carefully read the annotation on the bag, which indicates the time for sowing seeds, taking into account the climatic conditions of the region.

Air temperature and degree of soil heating

Almost all members of the cabbage family are cold-resistant crops. When 4 true leaves appear on the seedlings, it already tolerates a short-term temperature drop to -5 ° C. But this does not mean that you can plant seedlings at any time.

Cabbage seedlings should be planted in the beds at an average daily temperature of + 8-10 ° C. By this time, the soil also has time to warm up.

Some gardeners living in the southern regions and central Russia plant cabbage with seeds in open ground. Each hole is covered with a cut plastic bottle. When choosing the timing of planting, take into account the variety and varietal characteristics.

Lunar calendar recommendations

Many gardeners in the timing of planting cabbage seedlings are guided by the lunar calendar. As a rule, it only indicates a few days when you can start work.

For example, in 2018, astrologers recommend planting seedlings at the following times:

• April - 17-29, favorable days - 20-23;
• May - 9-11, 26-29, 31;
• June - 1-3, 5-8, 10-12.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to get to the dacha within the time frame suggested by the lunar calendar. Experienced gardeners are guided by the flowering of bird cherry. When flowers appear, a cold snap sets in. In the Urals, the timing of planting cabbage seedlings on the ridges can be safely planned when the tree fades.

If you follow folk signs, then cabbage takes root well with the growing moon. The best day of the week for planting seedlings is secretly considered Thursday.

Features of landing dates in different regions

Let's find out when to plant cabbage in open ground in different parts of our country. In central Russia, white cabbage, kohlrabi, cauliflower, broccoli and Savoy cabbage are planted in the first decade of May. The timing of planting late white and red cabbage, Brussels sprouts in the beds is the end of May.

In the Urals and Siberia, the dates for planting cabbage in open ground are slightly shifted, work is performed in early June. The air here warms up to optimal temperatures later than in the southern regions and the middle zone of the week by one and a half weeks.

Planting early cabbage seedlings in open ground by region:

• Moscow region, Moscow region, southern Urals - at the end of April;
• Perm Territory, Bashkiria, Udmurtia - from May 6;
• Voronezh and Saratov regions - in the first ten days of April;
• in Transbaikalia - in the last days of May, early June;
• southern regions of Russia, Kuban - from March 20.

According to the rules of agricultural technology, you first need to plant early cabbage varieties on the ridges, and after two weeks - mid-season ones. Late cabbage is planted after 14 days.

These are the approximate terms used for the cultivation of cabbage when planting in open ground: after all, the climatic features of the region remain the main indicator.

Technology for planting seedlings in open ground

Gardeners who have been involved in vegetable crops for many years know that this vegetable is a real "lady". Planting cabbage in open ground with seedlings requires a number of rules. Only in this case can you count on a rich harvest.

Choosing a landing site

Despite the fact that cabbage is a lover of moisture, a plot on a certain elevation is chosen for it in the garden.

Attention! Closely located groundwater can damage the root system and provoke diseases. The best soil for vegetable crops is loam.

Precursor plants.

Agricultural rules imply the use of crop rotation. In one place, the cultivation of cabbage in the open field is not recommended.

There are a number of crops, after which cabbage seedlings grow safely and are a little sick.

It is best to plant a vegetable after:

• potatoes and tomatoes;
• onions and pumpkin crops;
• carrots;
• beans and peas;
• peppers and eggplant.

To improve the structure in autumn, oats, vetch, and mustard are sown on the ridges. In the spring, the soil is dug up together with green manure.

"Good" and "bad" neighbors.

Cabbage is a peaceful culture that gets along with many plants. In the intervals between cabbage seedlings, you can grow spinach, salads, onions. Plants with a spicy scent are good neighbors. They scare away pests, protect plantings from diseases.

It can be:

• marigolds and tansy;
• chamomile and calendula;
• nasturtium, as well as some other herbs.

Among garden crops, there are plants that have a bad effect on the growth of cabbage. It is not recommended to plant cabbages in the neighborhood:

• with carrots and caraway seeds;
• with parsnips and turnips;
• with radishes and other cruciferous plants.

Illumination.

Cabbage of all kinds is a light-loving culture. When growing seedlings, this fact must be taken into account. Lack of light leads to elongation of the shoots, this negatively affects further development. For ridges for cabbage seedlings, open places are chosen.

Preparing the beds

To grow a good harvest of cabbage in the beds, it is necessary to take into account the type and varietal characteristics. For some plants, a small distance between shoots is enough, for others, especially late-ripening white cabbage, a large step from hole to hole is required.

Fertilization.

Before digging the beds, compost is applied (per m² about a bucket). With increased acidity, the soil is deoxidized with chalk or dolomite flour. Before planting, use a teaspoon of wood ash in each hole before planting. The ridges are dug up and holes are made.

Planning holes for planting taking into account the required distances.

When planting cabbage seedlings in the ground, you need to adhere to a certain pattern. In short, you need to know what distance should be between seedlings.

The table shows the distance for different types of cabbage when planting in the ground. The type and variety of vegetables, as well as the ripening lines, also matter.

View	Features of the scheme (in cm)
White and red
Early and hybrids	30 (35)×40 (45)
Mid-season	50×60
Late	60×70
Broccoli
On the heads	30×50
On side shoots	45×60
Kohlrabi
Early ripening	25×35
Mid-season and late	50 × 40 or 50 × 60
Savoy
Early	70×30
Middle and late ripening	70×50
Cauliflower	20 × 50, 30 × 60, or staggered 30 × 40
Brussels	60×70

Preparing seedlings for planting in open ground

Correct planting of cabbage in open ground involves hardening the seedlings if they were grown in greenhouse conditions. Plants are taken outdoors within a week. First by 1-1.5 hours, then the time increases.

On the fifth day of hardening, watering is reduced. If the frost is not expected to return, the seedlings are left overnight. Cauliflower seedlings are especially sensitive to subzero temperatures.

Before planting, the seedlings must have at least 4-5 true leaves.

Planting seedlings

Cabbage is planted in the ground in pre-prepared holes. The earth is well spilled.

Cabbage planting technology is simple:

1. Seedlings are carefully dug out, trying to take with a lump of earth.
2. A depression is made in the hole and sprouts are placed up to the first true leaves.
3. The soil is poured into the hole and squeezed well.
4. The seedlings are immediately watered so that the earth is pressed more tightly to the roots.

Advice: “It is better to plan work for the evening. If the weather is cloudy, you can plant it during the day. "

Seedling care after planting in the ground

Caring for cabbage planted on ridges is reduced to timely watering, loosening, hilling plantings, as well as feeding and preventive treatments for diseases and pests.

Watering

All types of vegetables are demanding for watering at all stages of growing. In the first days after planting, the seedlings need to be watered every day. Then - as needed. The ground in cabbage beds should always be moist.

The vegetable tolerates cold water, so the plantings can be watered from the pump. Sprinkling is desirable in hot weather.

During the ripening period, the planting should be watered moderately, otherwise they will crack.

Top dressing

According to the cultivation technology, cabbage is fed 2-3 times per season. To do this, you can use organic matter or mineral fertilizers.

At least two weeks should pass between dressings:

1. At first, plants need nitrogen to build up green mass. For replenishment, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are used strictly according to the instructions. At this time, you can water under the root and infusions of mullein, green grass.
2. During the tying of heads of cabbage, fertilizing is carried out with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or infusion of wood ash.

As the gardeners say, the mouth of the cabbage is on the leaves, so root dressing must be combined with foliar.

Shelter in case of frost threat

If the seedlings are planted early, you should beware of recurrent frosts. You can save the plants with the help of a shelter. To do this, use any covering material. The seedlings feel good under cut plastic bottles. For a day, the lid is unscrewed so that the plants do not burn out, but they are twisted overnight.

Signs that cabbage is sick after transplantation, and how to help it

Immediately after planting, some sprouts seem to be lethargic, drooping. Sometimes small dots appear on them.

The causes of cabbage disease in the open field can be diseases or pests, insufficient soil moisture, or, conversely, too abundant watering.

The first reason is easy to deal with: adjust the watering. As for diseases and pests, here you will have to resort to processing plantings with special preparations.

It is not difficult to grow cabbage of any kind if you follow the rules of agricultural technology. Your family will be provided with an ecologically clean vegetable that can be fermented, salted and kept fresh. All winter will have their own vitamins!

Who knows this vegetable? I think that there are no such people in the world.There are about fifty species, and there are more than two hundred varieties of white cabbage alone. The homeland of this plant is the Mediterranean. Popular also include: red and Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi and leafy, savoy and broccoli. Many of them came to the taste of the inhabitants of our country. They began to be cultivated in various regions of Russia. But there are features in the timing of planting this plant for seedlings and transplanting into open ground, which will be carefully considered.

Planting dates for cabbage

This is a biennial plant, with the exception of only some species (Peking, Chinese). Belongs to the cruciferous family. Loves humid air 70-80%, a long day 12-15 hours and a well-lit place without shading on the southern and southeastern slopes. Does not tolerate acidic soils, prefers neutral, fertile. Loam is ideal. The culture is cold-resistant with a strong root system.

The main characteristics of cabbage are high nutritional value, as it contains protein, carotene, vitamins (A, B, C, PP, E, K), minerals and carbohydrates. On the other hand, it has dietary properties, the calorie content of this product is 25–35 kcal. The crop is distinguished by good yield, keeping quality and transportability.

There are more than two hundred varieties of white cabbage

It is difficult for novice gardeners to determine the optimal time for sowing cabbage. There are several ways to calculate the date correctly:

1. Application of average agricultural data.
2. Countdown method.
3. Using the correction formula.

Let's consider each of the presented ones.

Applying ready-made parameters

These data are obtained empirically and are close to the area of ​​plant cultivation. Thus, when purchasing zoned seeds, you can use the manufacturer's recommendations, which are indicated on the package (timing of sowing vegetables, transplanting into open ground and harvesting).

See the seed manufacturer's recommendations on the back of the package.

Table: typical data for central Russia

The generally accepted period, depending on the early maturity of plants, is:

• For early vegetables: white cabbage and savoy cabbage are planted from February 15 to March 15, and cauliflower, kohlrabi and broccoli - from 01.03 to 30.03.
• For medium varieties, the time is intended from 25.03 to 25.04, and for color varieties - from 10.04 to 12.05.
• Sowing of late types of cabbage and savoy cabbage is carried out from mid-March to mid-April. Broccoli prefers time from 01 to 20 April. Cauliflower does not tolerate low temperatures, so the optimal period is mid-May or early June, and for kohlrabi - from 15.04 to 15.05.

The main thing is to sow cabbage on time. It should be noted that the information is averaged and does not take into account all the characteristics of the variety.

Countdown method

This method can be used to calculate specific sowing dates for cabbage. To do this, you need to know the growing season of the variety and the age of the seedlings when transplanted into the soil.

Vegetation period (vegetation; from Latin vegetatio - revitalization, growth) - the time required for the development of a plant.

Table: comparative characteristics of cabbage varieties, ripening period and seedling age

Thus, the sowing time can be calculated. To do this, subtract the age of the seedlings from the number of days required for the cabbage to fully ripen. We get the final result. For example, an early cultivar with a growing season of 120 days minus 60 days (plant age) is 60, that is, vegetables must be sown two months before they are transplanted into the ground.

Using the correction formula

There is no exact date for sowing seeds, they are calculated taking into account a specific variety and many nuances, such as the time of emergence of the first shoots, the average period of adaptation and picking, if seedlings are grown using this method, the climatic features of the region. An example of using the formula is made by reverse calculation for central Russia.

Table: calculating the timing of planting seeds

Features of planting cabbage in different regions of Russia

It is an economically viable vegetable and is suitable for growing in all climatic zones. Let's take a look at some of them:

Moscow suburbs

The main requirements for the cultivation of plants in this climatic zone are: a sharp change in temperature and humidity, the number of warm and sunny days, the timing of ripening and harvesting. Agricultural technology is no different, special attention should be paid to the acidity of the soil. Early, middle and late varieties are planted in the Moscow region.

Video: growing cabbage in the Moscow region

Follow the general guidelines for planting seeds:

• White and red early - 10–25.03, middle and late - 10–30.04.
• Broccoli, colored - from mid-March to late May with an interval of 10-20 days.
• Brussels - from 25.03 to 25.04.
• Kohlrabi - from 10–20.03 until June with an interval of two weeks.
• Early Savoy - from 10.03–30.03, middle from 15.03–15.04, late from 01.04–20.04.

And the correct sowing time for specific varieties must be calculated independently, taking into account the climatic zone. In the Moscow region, the frost-free period begins on May 15.

The frost-free period is the time between the last spring and the first autumn frost. The duration determines the possibility of growing heat-demanding plants.

Table: calculating the timing of planting cabbage in the Moscow region

Siberia and the Urals

The sum of active temperatures is sufficient for the growth and formation of crops in difficult climatic conditions. Therefore, highly productive varieties and hybrids of white and Savoy cabbage, resistant to cold and changeable weather, are recommended: Stakhanovka, Golden hectare, winter Gribovskaya, Dumas F1, Zarya F1, Polyarnaya K-206 and Vienna, Zolotaya, Kroma, Sphere, Uralochka, Lace. Use zoned planting material!

Sowing dates are shifted: for early crops - 10–15.04, and for middle and late crops - the end of April. Calculate the specific dates for the selected varieties yourself.

Table: calculating the timing of planting cabbage in Siberia and the Urals

Video: sowing dates for cabbage in Siberia and the Urals

Peking, Chinese and broccoli are also suitable for cultivation in this region, as the plants are unpretentious and cold-resistant. The sowing of the first two species is carried out both in the greenhouse and immediately on the garden bed. The growing season is 40–75 days. Therefore, to obtain an autumn harvest, they are sown in late July or early August. And broccoli is planted under a film or a greenhouse in May, and after 30-40 days they are transferred to a permanent place.

White cabbage occupies 90% of all cultivated species in Russia. The vegetative period is different: 50–120 days in early crops, 90–150 days in middle ones, and up to 210 in late varieties. To shorten the growing period in the open field by 50-70 days, grow vegetables without the risk of frost and harvest a high yield, sow the material at home starting in March.

Growing cabbage seedlings is widely used in our country

Broccoli, cauliflower and savoy cabbage are also sown for seedlings. Remember the distinctive features of these species:

• underdeveloped root system;
• it is best to place seeds in separate pots.

I tried to plant broccoli in my backyard. I did not know the exact date of sowing for seedlings, so I used data from the manufacturer - the beginning of March. The seeds were placed in peat tablets. She looked after in the standard way, as well as for white cabbage. I transplanted an early variety into open ground in mid-May, and a mid-late one in early June. I am happy with the results. The yield was: for Tonus - about 1.5 kg / m2, for the Gnome - 3 kg / m2. Vegetables of excellent taste, rich in vitamins and minerals. Suitable for freezing and preservation. But for cauliflower, I used the seedless method, sowing vegetables directly into the ground, however, until the end of May, the plants were “under the protection” of the covering material. The culture is early ripening, after 85 days the first harvest appeared. I chose a hybrid Marathon, with a blue-green head, from 1 m2 we got about 3 kg of cabbage.Next year I will definitely experiment with kohlrabi and Brussels sprouts.

South Region

Sowing dates for this crop are shifted to an earlier period and begin from the first days of February. Seedlings are transplanted into the ground since April. The countdown method is used.

Table: calculating the timing of planting cabbage in the Krasnodar Territory

Sowing and caring for seedlings

Prepare the cabbage nutrient mixture in the fall. It is better not to take soil from garden beds due to possible infections and diseases.

It is better to prepare a nutritious soil mixture for seedlings in the fall.

The main thing is to get a fertile and breathable base for plants.

Video: soil for seedlings

Experienced gardeners advise to disinfect the soil by spilling it with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate. You can also use ready-made mixtures. The first shoots will appear in 4-12 days.

Sow cabbage on time!

When growing plants from seeds of your own collection, do not forget to neutralize them with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide.

Video: preparing cabbage for planting

Hardening is also an important step.

Purchase quality seed from manufacturing companies and their authorized dealers. The following agricultural firms are widely known: Aelita, Manul, Gavrish, SeDeK, Poisk, Russian garden-NK, Akvarel, etc.

Choose quality seeds for sowing

The optimum temperature for seedlings is + 15 ° + 18 °. On a cloudy day, + 12 ° + 15 ° is enough, and at night - + 8 ° + 10 °. This does not apply to cauliflower, which does not tolerate cold weather, which can lead to lower yields.

Cabbage seedlings are planted in cassettes

Do not forget about the use of mineral and organic fertilizers to strengthen the seedlings. Two weeks before transferring seedlings to open ground, start acclimatizing plants.

I want to share the secrets of step-by-step hardening: firstly, if the air temperature is + 15 ° and above, start airing urgently, do it within 15 minutes. Double your time each week. Secondly, when at night the temperature stops dropping below 8 °, it's time to open the vents and leave them in this form for the whole day. And finally, two weeks before planting in the ground, do not close the greenhouse doors and windows throughout the day. This will harden the cabbage, help it get used to it faster and get used to the environment.

Remove damaged plants at the first sign of disease! The most common infection is Blackleg, which can destroy a culture during the developmental stage. In this case, the root collar of the cabbage is depleted and rotted.

Landing in open ground

It is preferable to carry out these works in cloudy weather or in the afternoon. Dig up the garden bed prepared in the fall. Planting scheme for early varieties 45 × 25 cm, and the rest 60 × 40 cm... Do not forget to spud the plants and mulch with humus.

Transplant in cloudy weather or in the afternoon

Dates of disembarkation to a permanent place

There are average recommendations:

• early varieties are planted in late April or early May;
• medium - from 25.05 to 10 June;
• late - 15–25.05.

Pay attention to the dependence of the timing of the transfer of seedlings from the growing region.

Table: the actual onset of the frost-free period in different climatic zones

Direct sowing in open ground

A good harvest starts with strong and healthy seedlings. But you can do without it. This is how vegetables are planted in the southern and southeastern regions. But they resort to this method in central Russia for the cultivation of broccoli, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts. In early March, seeds are dipped into holes for 3-4 pieces. into each one. Cover with a hood, which creates a favorable microclimate for plant development.

They grow cabbage under a hood in the open field

You can remove it when the seedlings become cramped inside.

Video: cabbage under bottles

The grown crops are larger, stronger, do not get sick due to transfer to the ground, which means they will be fruitful.

Planting in greenhouses

The seedless method is used for growing vegetables under film and in greenhouses.

Organize the right cabbage beds in the greenhouse

The preparatory steps for seed and soil processing are standard. However, it is important to know some of the features of planting cabbage in central Russia:

• Sow early varieties in late February, late - in mid-March at + 20 + 25 °.
• Use a 3 × 1 cm pattern and 1 cm deep.
• In early April, if there are 3-4 leaves, transfer the cabbage to a permanent place. In case of recurrent frosts, cover young plants with plastic wrap or other material for a period of 7-10 days.

Remember that the seedlings of this crop do not like shading!

Video: growing in a greenhouse

Cabbage seedlings are planted in foil greenhouses

The main thing is to observe the correct temperature regime so that the vegetables do not stretch, but grow and develop.

Lunar calendar 2018

These are recommendations for gardeners, taking into account the phases of the moon and its position in the signs of the zodiac, affecting the growth and development of plants, as well as for agricultural work.

First of all, you should pay attention to the prohibited and favorable time for planting and transplanting cabbage (including cauliflower) in 2018, monthly.

Table: negative and positive dates for 2018

Table: calendar of gardening and gardening this year

Table: Recommended dates for planting cabbage

The dates of the New Moon and Full Moon are important, at this time all sowing works are contraindicated. They last not one day, as will be indicated below, but as many as three (before and after specific dates):

• New Moon: 17.01, 15.02, 17.03, 16.04, 15.05, 13.06, 13.07, 11.08, 09.09, 09.10, 07.11, 07.12.
• Full Moon: 02.01, 31.01, 02.03, 31.03, 30.04, 29.05, 28.06, 27.07, 26.08, 25.09, 24.10, 23.11, 22.12.

Thus, knowing the tips and taking into account the many nuances, you can draw up an individual sowing and work schedule according to the lunar calendar for 2018.

Observing the recommendations for this culture, having made the correct calculation of the timing for sowing seedlings and transplanting into open ground, having studied varietal preferences and peculiarities of the climatic conditions of Russia, using favorable days from the Lunar calendar of 2018 for agrotechnical work, you can grow and get a high yield of cabbage in your backyard plot.

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Cauliflower is an attractive and mouth-watering cruciferous vegetable that has many health benefits. The hypoallergenic and dietary qualities of the product are very high, it is recommended even as the first complementary food for babies.

Cauliflower is not as popular as white cabbage, but it certainly ranks second among similar species.

Description and characteristics of cauliflower

It is an annual plant. The cultivation method, depending on the climate, can be spring or seedlings. The root has the appearance of a washcloth, located close to the surface, which makes watering easier. The height and volume of the bush, depending on the variety, can be compact or rather tall (up to 70 cm) and spreading.

The edible part of the plant is flowering shoots (in the bud phase) or the so-called "head", which is a tightly twisted, fleshy apical shoots (unblown inflorescences). The most famous color of "head" is white, but there are varieties with fruits of green, yellow and purple flowers.

This vegetable is quite cold-resistant, but it will not be able to survive freezing, and when it gets cold up to +10, it can slow down in growth, especially seedlings.

Early ripening varieties ripen in about 90 days from germination, medium - 115-125, late 140 and more.

Growing cauliflower seedlings

Seedless cultivation is permissible only in warm climates. Yet more often the plant is cultivated through seedlings. In climates where summers are long and the off-seasons are warm, planting is likely up to three times per season.

When to sow cauliflower for seedlings

In the southern regions, they begin to sow vegetables for seedlings from mid-February:

• Early varieties from 15 February to the end of March.Seedlings can be planted in the ground under temporary shelters at the age of 30-60 days.
• Medium ripeness from mid-April to mid-May. Seedlings are ready for planting 30-45 days after germination.
• Late-ripening varieties - from late May to mid-June, with the last planting at the age of one month no later than mid-July.

In the middle lane, sowing is one-time and not earlier than mid-March.

How to plant cauliflower in open ground with seedlings

For planting grown seedlings, it is better to choose a not too sunny, but warm day (direct sunlight will cause burns to weakened plants). The light-loving culture prefers well-lit areas. Peat, humus, compost (bucket per square meter), as well as a little ash under each root are suitable as fertilizers for seedlings.

The planting scheme is on average 60 by 30 cm, but this distance should be adjusted according to the individual characteristics of the variety. It is impossible to deepen the seedling above the point of growth, it is best of all - to the first real leaf. Fragile seedlings in the first days can be covered from the sun with any available material (cloth, newspapers), so it will take root faster.

How to plant cauliflower seedlings at home

Sowing should be started with seed preparation. Disinfection is carried out in a weak solution of potassium manganese (10-20 minutes). Quenching in the refrigerator (not in the freezer!) Will be effective - wet seeds are briefly placed in it on the shelf. You can alternately release them into warm (50 degrees) and cold water.

The soil mixture can be purchased ready-made, or you can make it yourself: the main share in the composition is humus, with a small addition of peat and sand, it is permissible to add a little rotted sawdust. Soil acidity can be reduced with ash (cabbage prefers neutral soils).

Seeds are sown in moist ground, from above (before the first shoots appear) a greenhouse is made of film. The germination temperature is not lower (and preferably not much higher) + 18- + 20 degrees.

Growing cauliflower seedlings

To avoid pulling out the seedlings, the emerging seedlings are lowered temperature to + 16- + 20 degrees during the day and +10 at night. The soil should not dry out too much! Cabbage loves water, but pouring is also not worth it.

Seedlings must be fertilized before planting. At this stage of development, she has a special need for microelements boron and molybdenum, drugs that can be purchased in a gardener's store, diluted in water according to the instructions and sprayed seedlings.

Important! Poorly caring for cauliflower at this age may result in crop failure in the future. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to allow overheating, hypothermia and stretching of plants.

Before planting, completely nitrogen fertilizers are excluded. For future cold snap resistance, you can lightly fertilize with potassium and phosphorus.

Cauliflower pick

The pick is made in the phase of two true leaves. But this capricious vegetable does not tolerate a transplant, so it is better to immediately plant it with seeds in separate peat (plastic) pots.

A week after picking, the seedlings are fertilized with solutions of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride or mullein. And they begin to temper.

It will be more difficult to grow full-fledged heads from overgrown seedlings, so planting should be done on time.

Planting cauliflower outdoors

Plants that have not undergone a single transplant and sown directly into the ground grow stronger and healthier.

When to plant cauliflower outdoors

Sowing in open ground is carried out after the establishment of stable above-zero night temperatures. In the southern latitudes, this is not earlier than mid-April, and in the northern latitudes, only the seedling method of growing is suitable.

At first, there should be a film cover on top - too low temperatures will have a detrimental effect on the future harvest, the seedlings will be a week later than expected, and the seedlings will be delayed.

What soil is needed for cauliflower

The soil should be fertile (the root system is poorly developed, all nutrients are taken from the surface) and light. Before planting, the land is fertilized with humus, manure, ash, peat.

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How to plant cauliflower

In open ground, cabbage is sown immediately into place, 2-3 seeds per hole, observing the planting scheme. Excess shoots are later pulled out. Under each root (when sowing), lay one teaspoon of nitrophosphate and a handful of ash.

Dates for planting cauliflower in open ground

You need to sow a vegetable in the ground so that it has time to ripen before frost. For example, early ripening varieties will be ready for harvesting in 90-100 days from germination, later ones - 120-150.

How to properly plant cauliflower outdoors

The seeding scheme is the same as when planting ready-made seedlings. The germination time of seeds in open ground can be several days longer than on the windowsill, especially if the sowing is spring, and night temperatures drop to +5 - +10 degrees. Therefore, a temporary film cover does not hurt.

Growing cauliflower

In care, cauliflower is very similar to white cabbage, but there are still differences.

Cauliflower care

Plants can be loosened only slightly away from the base, because the roots are weak and located at the surface.

2-3 weeks after planting, the cabbage is spud. After the same period, the hilling is repeated, carrying out feeding in the intervals.

During the ripening period of the head, you need to cover it from the sun with your own leaves, breaking them in the middle or tying them into a bunch from above.

Watering cauliflower

Due to the weak root system, cauliflower cannot get deep into the water, therefore (especially during the growing season) the soil under it should always be moist (but not soggy!). In very hot weather, watering is carried out daily or every other day; in cool weather, once a week is enough. In order to retain moisture, the soil can be mulched.

Cauliflower dressing

During the growing season, feeding is done 3 times. Feeding begins a couple of weeks after planting, ends immediately as soon as the head begins to tie.

Suitable fertilizers:

• bird droppings or manure (diluted with water 1:15);
• a mixture of urea, potash fertilizers, superphosphate (proportions 1: 1: 2 per bucket of water);
• mineral fertilizers containing boron, molybdenum, magnesium (according to the instructions).

One liter of solution for each root will be sufficient.

Cauliflower processing

Care and processing are similar to white cabbage - the same planting scheme, loosening, similar fertilization, slightly less abundant watering.

Growing cauliflower in the suburbs

Cauliflower varieties that are adapted to cold conditions should be grown in the Moscow region. Sowing is carried out no earlier than mid-March, landing in the ground - the end of April - the first half of May, under temporary shelters. The amount of harvest to a very large extent depends on how much effort the gardener will put in, and how strictly he will comply with all conditions.

Possible diseases and pests of the variety

The main enemy of any cabbage is the cruciferous flea. Plants must be protected from its invasion from the first day of planting in the ground, when unrooted bushes can quickly die. Caterpillars of cabbage whites or cabbage moths can also attack. You can fight parasites using folk methods (two-day infusion of tobacco or burdock, ash), but it will be more effective to treat it with Enterobacterin or even pesticides (purchased in a special store).

Cauliflower is prone to fungal attack. In this case, excessive moisture should be avoided and treated with an antifungal agent.

Harvesting and storing cauliflower

The head from the first ovaries ripens within 2-3 weeks. If tightened with cleaning, the head will overripe and crumble. The crop can be removed not all at once, but selectively, as it “ripens”.

If there is still time, then new shoots may appear from the axils of the leaves and give a small, but still another crop. Only one escape should be left, the rest should be broken.

When the head does not have time to ripen by the first frost, the whole plant can be dug up with a lump of earth and carefully transferred to a greenhouse or cellar for maturation, slightly dug in there with moist soil.

Heads overripe in the garden lose their taste and nutrients.

Cauliflower is not stored for long, only a couple of months. Vegetables are placed in plastic or wooden boxes and covered loosely with foil or paper.

Pros and cons of cauliflower

The undoubted advantages include nutritional value, richness in vitamins, minerals and vegetable protein. For all these valuable qualities, a vegetable should definitely be grown on a personal plot. The disadvantages include some moodiness. Sometimes, in order to grow a good harvest, you need to work hard, but not always a positive result depends on the efforts of the gardener, weather conditions decide too much.

Reviews

According to gardeners (and not only), cauliflower is quite easy to care for, not too capricious, in care it resembles the usual, but somewhat more thermophilic. As a food product, it has long been very popular and loved.

“I freeze cauliflower and pickle for the winter, and fresh it is well kept in the basement all autumn. I grow a lot so that it will last until the next harvest. "

“The yield in our middle lane is different from year to year, but we have never been left without cabbage. When the summer is cold, the heads grow rather small, and when the weather is lucky - no less than in the south. In extreme heat, however, the yield is also not very good. I plant cauliflower every year. "