Sakura planting and care in the open field in siberia

At the mention of the phrase "Japanese cherry" immediately from the depths of our memory pops up a vivid picture with sakura trees drowning in a lush pink bloom.

In Japan, sakura is traditionally considered a symbol of female beauty and youth; many beliefs and legends are associated with it. The flowering period of this plant is celebrated by the Japanese as a universal family holiday. At the beginning of the 20th century, decorative sakura cherries were brought to Russia by Professor Krasnov and planted in the Batumi Botanical Garden, later in the Sukhumi arboretum.

Description of the tree

Japanese cherry blossoms

In fact, sakura is a generalized name for several forms of East Asian fine-toothed cherry species with double flowers. Belongs to the Pink family. In their natural environment in their homeland, Japan, these trees can reach a height of 20 meters.

The crown is rounded, spreading. The bark of the tree is red to brown in color, with small cracks. Oval large leaves, serrated along the edges, green, in autumn they are colored from dark crimson to brown tones.

The flowers are painted in colors from bright pink to white and are collected in clusters of 7-9 pieces. There are cherry blossoms with red, yellow and crimson flowers.

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Flowering of one tree lasts no more than a week, but since there are many types of sakura and they bloom at different times, this beautiful sight can be enjoyed for about two months.

Modern garden sakura varieties are created by crossing sharp-topped wild cherry with cultivated relatives, as well as by grafting. Now there are about 400 varieties of this graceful plant. It is quite understandable the desire of many gardeners to have such a charming woman on their site.

Sakura fruits and their uses

Sakura fruit

Sakura, as an ornamental plant, does not produce valuable fruits, which makes it different from ordinary cherry, which is a fruit tree.

Of course, the fruits exist and are called sakura-no-mi in Japanese. They are so small, tough and sour in taste that the Japanese only use them pickled and for making wine and jam.

The size of the berries is about 8 mm, the skin is smooth, from pinkish to dark red in color.

Good to know: the leaves of the tree are also suitable for food - after pickling or salting, they become sweet-salty, sour or pungent in taste and, together with the fruits, are added as a seasoning to rice.

Planting in the garden

Blooming sakura tree

Given the homeland of growth, sakura is very thermophilic and can die at outdoor temperatures below -15C. For cultivation in Russia, varieties that grow on the northern islands of Japan, where the climate is at least a little similar to ours, are best suited.

The recommended time for planting seedlings is spring. If a tree is purchased in the fall, it is best to first dig it in on the site to protect it from drying out and freezing, and plant it in a permanent place in the spring.

The place for this tree is chosen quiet, protected from drafts, with a high degree of illumination. The site must be well drained to avoid stagnation of water, or a fill mound from the soil must be prepared, on which the seedling is planted.

Sakura loves light loamy soil of neutral or weak acidity, containing a lot of humus. In heavy soils, you need to add some kind of baking powder, for example, sand, compost, vermiculite.

As with the acquisition of any planting material, it is necessary to carefully examine the root system so that it has a sufficiently branched shape for better survival in a new place. You cannot cut the roots, you can only gently spread them with your hands.

Best suited annual trees no more than 1 meter in height with mature wood (reddish bark color).

Gardeners advice: plant a couple more cherries of a different variety nearby to get abundant flowering.

Tree care

Sakura is more demanding to care for than cherry. She needs not only regular watering, but also foliage spraying, especially in hot summer weather. However, he also does not like an excess of moisture in the ground - the root system may die.

In the spring, before bud break, it is necessary to carefully thin out the crown of the tree, removing dry, excess branches. Since sakura does not tolerate the cutting procedure very well, it is imperative to treat the cut sites with garden varnish or other antiseptic.

Sakura requires regular spraying with fungicides to prevent the occurrence of fungal infections and damage by pests (such as aphids): first process before the budding period, then a month after setting the berries.

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The introduction of organic and complex mineral fertilizers has a beneficial effect on the general development of the plant and its yield, the cherry is especially responsive to potassium and phosphorus. Application rates depend on soil fertility. Nitrogen fertilizers are excluded from autumn dressings. For the winter, it is better to wrap young trees with some kind of material in order to prevent it from freezing, as well as to protect it from rodents.

How to grow sakura at home, see the following video:

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The Japanese cherry tree is not without reason known to many for its exquisite beauty in springtime, curved branches and wide crowns. In the Land of the Rising Sun, celebrations and cultural festivals are dedicated to the flowering of this tree, beloved by residents not only throughout the country, but also by many connoisseurs around the world. Those who do not want to stay away from the beautiful should inquire about planting and the necessary care for sakura. Outside Asia, this plant will look unusual, and in cold regions it will bring a sunny aura into everyday life.

Before deciding whether it is worth acquiring such a tree for yourself, and whether maintaining it in a healthy state will turn into great difficulties, it is useful to ask about how to properly care for sakura.

With active growth, this tree prefers abundant watering, therefore, in the absence of natural precipitation, such a question will have to be taken care of on its own.Moreover, if the soil is poor in nutrients, such a plant will need significant feeding in the form of organic and mineral fertilizers.

It is only natural that not everyone will be ready for this. But for those who do not have the opportunity to grow this tree in their own garden, experts have in store an alternative option.

How to plant sakura bonsai seeds at home

It would be interesting to find out how you can plant sakura bonsai in your own home. Such knowledge will be extremely useful, as it will allow you to start a unique plant that will bloom even in a city apartment. For these purposes, you will need to purchase a suitable pot of relatively flat shape, reaching a diameter of 20 cm. The choice of soil will also need to be approached responsibly: as already mentioned, for proper germination, you will need soil rich in minerals. Organic fertilizers will need to be applied manually.

To figure out how to properly plant the classic sakura bonsai, there are certain aspects to consider. Such a plant will require careful care, a sufficient amount of sunlight and fresh air. It is also important to maintain a warm enough temperature for active growth. Some experts advise purchasing an already sprouted tree, planted in advance, and continuing to monitor it at home. This simplified version is suitable for those who would prefer to avoid the inconvenience of planting and growing seeds with their own hands, but still interested in the answer is not the question of how to plant Japanese sakura correctly.

However, for those who wish to tackle the planting process on their own, it is recommended that you figure out how you can plant purchased sakura bonsai seeds on your own. It will be useful to consult with the seller in the specialty store about the choice of the seed variety. He will help with advice in choosing a plant and detailed guidance on its further maintenance. These trees are quite whimsical, so it is best to listen to the instructions down to the details.

For example, follow the steps below to see how to properly plant sakura from purchased seeds:

• prepare seeds a day before immersion in the ground by placing them in water at room temperature;
• transfer from water to soil, previously moistened, 2 cm deep;
• carry out the preparatory process by covering the pot with foil and leaving it in the refrigerator for up to 2 months;
• take care of the plant already under normal conditions, watering steadily, monitoring the temperature and light.

Thus, planting the seeds of the purchased sakura may look rather unusual, but such steps are necessary in order for the seeds of this miniature tree to form into a full-fledged plant. Further observation of the sprouts consists in constant monitoring and regular watering, and such a painstaking process will take up to several years.

In addition, you should be prepared for the fact that you will need to stock up on seeds as much as the budget allows, since few of them will actually sprout. But even in the further withdrawal from the developed ritual, one cannot deviate: watering, feeding and other procedures are vital for a new pet. Thus, being puzzled by the problem of how to properly plant a real sakura from seeds, you will also need to take into account that worries will not end at one planting.

Having figured out how to plant the seeds of homemade sakura bonsai, and having successfully grown them, the happy owner of new seedlings will need to plant them in separate pots so that they do not interfere with each other and have enough space for further formation. Transplanting must be carried out annually, moving to new land rich in nitrogen and potassium. Organic fertilizers are applied in advance, about a month in advance, and the roots, if necessary, are shortened before being placed back into the container.

Sakura tree propagation by cuttings

The propagation of sakura trees is possible thanks to various methods: for example, wild-type trees are propagated by seeds, while varietal subspecies are propagated by cuttings. In the case of the latter, there are also several options, the simplest of which is to buy ready-made seedlings in a specialized store, which risks costing the buyer not the smallest amount.

However, a more natural way of breeding cherry blossoms is by actually grown cuttings, which are prepared in the middle of summer, in July, when shoots about 10 cm long are cut from the tree and placed in a mixture of peat and sand. The main thing is to maintain the required temperature, which is approximately 18 degrees, and after the root sprouts begin to show through the cuttings, transplant each of them into a separate glass. Experts advise leaving them to winter at 5 degrees Celsius, replanting them in a larger container in spring, and after a couple of years it is allowed to plant the sprouts in open ground.

Sakura planting in spring and autumn, care and cultivation in the Moscow region and Siberia

Residents of cold habitats want to please the eye with a bright color no less, and perhaps even more than the settlers of the southern lands. Planting a whimsical cherry blossom in Siberia, as well as caring for it, is not an easy task, but with the right approach, it is quite solvable. Since a rich variety of varieties of this tree is known today, you can always pick up something for everyone who is not indifferent to such an unusual, and partly recognizable beauty. It is possible to plant bright sakura in frosty Siberia if you choose the right variety of this plant, which will be frost-resistant and does not require additional shelter. And the Siberian color, by the way, can last up to several weeks, blooming in the usual spring, in the last month of the warm season - May.

There are also useful recommendations and care tips that are interesting for those wishing to plant sakura in the Moscow region. Flowering in this area takes place in April and continues in May, depending on the weather conditions and the variety purchased. Probably, a lot of time will pass in search of sprouts, since they are not sold in all stores of the region. Having solved this problem, it is imperative to consult about the conditions for their germination, since some varieties prefer more humid places, while others prefer drier. In general, the site is selected sunny, not planted with larger trees, whose crowns can obscure the sun. It is highly recommended to remember that sakura needs careful cultivation and care, and this is the main component of success in this difficult but exciting business.

The families of these crops are most suitable for planting in the spring, which is often the most favorable season, however, sakura can also be planted in cool autumn. What is really important with any option is to monitor the wintering, not to let the tree freeze, and to fulfill the additional conditions described above so that the plant can delight the owner with luxurious flowers of a refined delicate shade.

Sakura, or Japanese cherry, (Prunus serrulata) is an ancient symbol of Japan and a plant that is distinguished by its amazing splendor and graceful flowering. In fact, under the name "sakura" there are several East Asian tree species, but they all have pink double flowers. In height, Japanese cherry trees can reach 25 m, the leaves are large, flowering occurs from March to June.

The meaning of cherry blossoms for the Hanami holiday

In late March - early April every year, the Japanese celebrate the cherry blossoms. They celebrate this day with the family, in nature or in the park. In Japan, cherry blossoms everywhere - near rivers, in the mountains, in the park. The holiday of its flowering is called Hanami, and is a day off for all Japanese.

In the media, before the sakura bloom, it is covered on what day the holiday will be and from where it will be most convenient to watch it. The process lasts from a couple of hours to several days. Hanami is very popular in the country, and some Japanese travel the cities to catch the cherry blossoms several times.

How Japanese cherries differ from others

Japanese cherry trees grow rapidly and are capable of reaching significant heights. The width of its crown reaches about 10 m. Sakura differs from ordinary cherry in some biological features and requirements for cultivation.

Also read: How to heal trees in the country

Growing requirements and the meaning of sakura

The flowering of Japanese cherry trees occurs in early spring. The tree is not able to withstand low temperatures - a temperature value below 15 degrees for cherry blossoms is fatal. Planting a tree should only be carried out on humus soils and in well-lit places.

The main purpose of the Japanese cherry is to decorate the site.

Differences between sakura and ordinary cherry

The main difference between sakura and ordinary cherries is that Japanese cherries do not bear fruit. Sakura is an ornamental plant, cherry is a fruit. Japanese cherries also have fruits, but they are sour, small and not so tasty. The berries of ordinary cherries are delicious and are actively used for food.

Eating cherry blossoms

Despite the peculiar taste of sakura fruits, they are used as food by the people of Japan. The fruit of the Japanese cherry is called sakumbo, and its color can be pink or red. Different varieties of plants have fruits of different taste.

The leaves are also used as food for sakura. They are pickled or salted like tomatoes. Sweets are wrapped in Japanese cherry leaves. The taste of the leaves is sour, pungent, or salty-sweet. Another way to use them is to add to rice. Sakura fruits can be used to make jam and wine.

The main varieties of sakura

Modern sakura varieties are created by crossing it with cherries (Cerasus yedoensis), (C. Lannesiana) and (C. Incisa). The most famous varieties:

• "Shirotae". The tree reaches a height of 4.5 m, the flowers are white, non-double. The variety is actively used in England and Japan. The birthplace of cherries is England.
• "Hally Tolivett". Frost-resistant variety with a ball-shaped crown. The flowers are 4 cm, pink in color, the diameter of the inflorescences is 8 cm. The tree is propagated by green cuttings.
• "Kwanzan". One of the most famous varieties. The flower contains 30 petals, the color is purple. Of the minuses - the tree does not differ in longevity.
• "Kikushidare-zakura". The tree reaches a height of 5 m. The flowers are double, pink, up to 6 cm in diameter. Of the minuses, the cherry is not able to withstand severe frosts.
• "Amonogawa". The height of the tree reaches 8 m, the width is only 1.25 m. The flowers are numerous, pink, fragrant.

Sakura: leaving (video)

How to plant sakura in the country

Sakura is often planted by seed, which must be carefully prepared - dried and washed. Planting is carried out in summer, but can also be done in spring or autumn. If you decide to purchase a seedling, it is worth choosing a healthy planting material. It is planted in April. The best arrangement of seedlings is 2x3 or 3x3 meters.

It is recommended to plant sakura on a slope. It is important that the area is lit, but the lighting is moderate so that the tree does not get sunburn. The acidity of the soil should be neutral, the best option is loamy soil.

How to care for a tree

With proper care, sakura takes root well in Russia. Moreover, its flowering occurs in April-May. Only those tree varieties that grow on the northern island of Japan can be planted in Russia.

Watering features

Sakura requires not only watering, but also periodic spraying of the leaves. Particular attention should be paid to watering in hot summers.During the first three years after planting, while the root system has not yet fully matured, watering is carried out once a week. If it rains, you do not need to apply moisture.

Top dressing

Japanese cherries will not bear fruit if they lack nutrients. The tree requires the introduction of organic matter, nitrogen and potassium. The following amount of minerals is applied per m2 of soil:

• average in the presence of soil nutrients - minerals 8 g, organic matter - 5 kg;
• poor soils - minerals - 16 g, organic matter - 9 kg.

Shaping and pruning

Cherry blossom is pruned to prevent thickening. It is produced in the spring before the juice goes. Dry and excess branches are removed, and after the work is done, the cut sites are processed with garden varnish.

It is necessary to carry out trimming work carefully so that gum does not start to stand out. To eliminate the appearance of a sticky substance, the plant needs good drainage and proper watering.

You may also be interested in the article in which we talk about how to grow decorative almonds on your site.

Protecting a tree from pest diseases

If you do not protect the cherry from pests, the flowers will be spoiled, and the plant itself will develop slowly. In some cases, sakura branches begin to exfoliate. To prevent this, the growths on the branches should be removed, and the cut sites should be treated with healing preparations.

Sometimes cherries suffer from drying out of the leaves. This is a fungus that a mixture of sulfur and coal can help get rid of. A pest, for example, a ringed silkworm (Malacosoma neustria), can also provoke the appearance of a fungus. The pest must be dealt with by removing the branches on which it has laid eggs. It will be necessary to collect and caterpillars, as well as use insecticides.

Sakura in the country: landing (video)

Sakura is one of the most beautiful flowering trees on the planet. To grow an elegant plant you will have to try pretty hard, but the result is worth it. Nowadays, everyone has the opportunity to admire the cherry blossom on their site, and not only the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun.

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The forms of the East Asian species of finely sawed cherry with double flowers are collectively known as sakura or Japanese cherry. The area of ​​distribution and the birthplace of exotic plants is Japan.

The difference between Japanese cherry and other varieties

Trees belong to the pink family, are fast-growing and reach a height of 20 meters in their natural environment. Modern selection includes about 400 varietal variants.

The cultivation of garden varieties is based on grafting and crossing of cultivated species with sharp-topped wild cherries.

Sakura is characterized by sprawling rounded crown... Its bark is brownish-red in color and covered with a network of small cracks.

Cherry-sakura refers to ornamental plants, its fruits are not suitable for eating

Oval, jagged leaf plates around the circumference in the fall change color in the range from dark crimson to brown. The fruits are not edible, therefore, sakura cherries are ranked among ornamental plants.

East Asian cherries have won planetary fame with their colorful flowering. The petals of the plant have shades of white-pink tonality. There are species with yellow, red and crimson tassels.

During the period of their dissolution, working days are canceled in Japan and the national holiday of Hanami is declared.

The value of the plant for the Hanami holiday

According to one version, in a reddish shade, the sakura petals were stained with the blood of family members of one of the village elders.

After he showed the ruler the scars on the backs of his children due to the cruel treatment of the prince's servants, the latter flogged them to death on the top of the mountain where the cherry blossoms grew.

The falling petals turned pink from bloody stains. Now they symbolize the fragility of children's destinies in the modern world.

Celebrating Hanami is symbolically carried out in a family atmosphere. The duration of the process depends on the flowering period of the legendary cherry.

When cherry blossoms bloom, Japan cancels weekdays and declares Hanami national holiday

Each of the trees blooms for several days: sooner or later - depending on the species. As a result, a chain is formed - the fading plants pass the baton to the blossoming ones.

Japanese mass media notify residents in advance about the estimated time of cherry blossom and its duration: many prefer to travel around the country in order to repeatedly catch a grand spectacle.

Traditionally Hanami falls in late March or early April.

Main varieties

Kiku shidare

The most suitable variety of garden finely sawed cherry for steppe and forest-steppe zones with moderate continental climatic conditions. Healthy trees grow up to 4 m, with an annual growth of about 30 cm.

The crown of kiku shidare plants is spreading and prone to thickening. The leaf plates have an elliptical shape with small frequent notches along the cut and a relatively large size (7-9 cm).

Kiku Shidare's decorative feature is enclosed in the early prolonged flowering period (the end of March - the first decade of April). The clusters of large-diameter (5-7 cm) densely double pink flowers are numerous and abundantly cover the branches.

Self-fertile variety... A singly planted tree, with qualified care, blooms and bears fruit intensively.

For growth, it prefers sunny areas on sandy-clayey, alkaline or neutral soils. The abundance of flowering depends on the regularity and timeliness of superphosphate feeding.

Sakura kiku shidare is most suitable for steppe and forest-steppe zones with temperate continental climatic conditions

Kanzan

This small-sawed tree-like variety of garden sakura is lower than its decorative counterparts (up to 10 m in height for an adult tree). The shape of the crown is inversely conical. Because of this, kanzan is recognized as an exotic and creative decoration of suburban areas.

The growth rate of the variety's trees is average. The foliage of an elongated oval shape with the arrival of autumn becomes fiery yellow.

Sakura kanzan blooms with massive fragrant pink flowers, which are grouped in hanging elongated inflorescences of 3-6 pieces. Flowering duration is average.

The plant is light-requiring and gives priority to neutral or highly alkaline soils.

Sakura Kanzan is photophilous, blooms with massive fragrant pink flowers

Planting and growing

For planting decorative sakura, you need choose a lighted and ventilated area without stagnation of moisture during periods of floods and rains. Hills and elevations are the best choice.

When choosing a landing site, it is necessary to maintain a balance between light transmission (Sakura does not like shadows) and the absence of strong blowing winds. The wall option may be ideal.

It is recommended to opt for grafted seedlings, which are traditionally purchased in the fall and aged until the spring thaws in humid spaces with room temperature. Before planting, the plants should have a height of about 1.5 meters, a matured trunk and a formed root network.

Planting is preferably done in late autumn or early spring., before swelling of the kidneys, with an established warm temperature regime. Planting several seedlings at the same time ensures a greater degree of abundance of flowering and fruit formation in the future.

Plants should be planted at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other and an inter-row space of 2.5-3 m.

To plant decorative sakura, it is necessary to select an illuminated and ventilated area without moisture stagnation

Landing holes must be prepared in advance... It is advisable to place in them a mixture of the upper fertile layers of earth and humus.

Immediately before planting, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with 15-18 liters of sulphate-potassium solution with the addition of superphosphates. It is impossible to sprinkle the root collar with earth.

At the end of planting, the near-trunk zone is watered and carefully mulched with humus or a thin peat layer of 4-5 cm.

At the initial stage of tree growth, caring for the near-stem circle should be careful and thorough. Root system damage and promptly remove weeds... In this case, the sakura will harden faster and overwinter without damage.

Care features

Successful cherry blossom growth is possible with proper care and creating optimal conditions for development. Systematic drainage and regular feeding promotes healthy tree growth.

The condition of cherries is largely influenced by the content of nitrogen and potassium in the soil. Their lack is fraught with manifestations of acute sakura reactions: poor flowering and premature foliage discharge.

Soil depletion is eliminated by introducing humus and compost (6-8 kg) under each root. Chemical feeding is carried out with a solution of the necessary elements at the rate of 15-18 g for one square meter of the near-stem zone.

Several plentiful waterings of cherry blossoms are permissible at the stage of active growth. The rest of the time, it is sufficient to maintain the natural balance of soil moisture. Excessive hydration leads to low kidney formation, poor flowering and crushing of petals.

Young sakura needs feeding, infrequent watering, pruning and shelter for the winter

Before the start of sap flow in early spring cut out dry and damaged branches, thinning the crown.

Adult plants are frost-resistant, and young trees successfully winter in a sheltered form. Before the start of the cold season, the scion sites, stems and bases of large branches are wrapped in agrofibre or improvised materials that do not create a greenhouse effect.

During the growing season sakura is sprayed with chemicals: primary - before the beginning of flowering, secondary - after a month after the ovary of berries.

Pruning

Removal of diseased and dried branches, sprouts that interfere with comfortable light absorption and sufficient air exchange are carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow.

Fragments with traces of the activity of harmful organisms are subject to cutting and burning.

Places of cuts should be treated with garden varnish.... It is important to ensure that gum does not form at the cross-sections. The appearance of sticky growths is excluded in the case of proper drainage and watering.

Diseases and pests

If the sakura is exposed to harmful organisms, the flowering rate decreases, the petals wrinkle, and the tree develops with a lag. Facts of crustal delamination and the formation of outgrowths can be observed.

A common ailment of sakura, like other cherry trees, is defeat by a fungus, which leads to drying of foliage, blackening and mummification of berries.

Spraying sulfur-coal powder can help the plant in this unpleasant situation. It should cover the affected segments and prevent further spread of fungal aggression.

A common ailment of sakura is a fungal infection, which leads to drying of the foliage, blackening and mummification of berries.

Foliage that falls from unhealthy cherry blossoms, cannot be left under a tree for the winter. Healthy and infected leaves and branches must be removed from the site and burned.

This precaution helps prevent the spread of fungal diseases to neighboring crops.

The effect of combating disease-causing organics is enhanced by the use of insecticides. Restrictions on the use of chemicals are imposed for the period of flowering and fruit setting. In case of urgent need, this rule can be disregarded.

Growing one of the most spectacularly flowering plants on the planet on a personal plot is a feasible task and does not require excessive physical, material and emotional expenses.

The reward for the labors is the contemplation of a natural miracle, unsurpassed in its power of aesthetic impact. Worth trying: the guru of sakuro studies, the Japanese, consider a person soulless if he is deaf to the manifestations of the surrounding beauties.