Sea buckthorn planting and care in the open field in the Urals

Sea buckthorn is a shrub of the Lokhovye family; it mainly grows along the banks of rivers and lakes. It can also grow high in the mountains. It was used for treatment back in Ancient Greece. Then it was undeservedly forgotten. But now sea buckthorn is becoming popular again. It has been cultivated in Russia since the 19th century, varietal plants appeared only in the 30s of the last century.

If the question arose about how to plant sea buckthorn correctly, it means that the gardener has already made the right decision: this useful shrub is necessary on the site.

Immediately you need to decide on the botanical terminology: sea buckthorn can be called both a tree and a shrub. And now more about

Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care

Male and female

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. This means that there are male and female trees. When choosing seedlings for planting, this circumstance must be taken into account first of all. It will not work to distinguish ladies from gentlemen on their own. This can be done during the formation of flower buds - they are much larger on male plants.

On the left are male buds, on the right is a branch of a female tree

Female kidneys are not only half the size, but they also have only 2 covering scales, and male kidneys have 5-6 scales.

If one fruiting tree is enough on the site, you will still have to plant two: a female and a male. For more plants, the sex ratio looks like this: one man for three women. after planting, sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit for 4-6 years.

Video from the site Garden World

If you are still in doubt which tree is male and which is female, watch this video.

Sapling selection

How many trees do you need

For a family of 4 - 5 people, 3 fruit trees are enough. This means you need to buy 1 male tree and 3 female trees.

This refers to the constant year-round presence in the diet of this product in various forms: jelly, jam, juice, oil, freshly frozen berries, compotes.

 How to choose the right one

1. The main rule when buying seedlings, both sea buckthorn and other plants, is not to buy from random sellers.

2. A standard seedling has 4–6 skeletal roots about 20 cm long; trunk with a diameter of approximately 7-9 mm and several shoots.

The bark should not have scratches, wrinkled areas or characteristic pronounced darkening, indicating frozen planting material.

3. Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, root shoots and cuttings. The best purchased planting material is cuttings.

It is quite difficult for an inexperienced gardener to determine the type of origin. If you look closely at the root growth seedling, you will notice that the upper part is more developed than the lower one.

This only applies to female plants. The properties of the male plant do not affect the quality of the fruit. Therefore, they can be taken from friends or neighbors. The main thing is not to be mistaken with the sex and not to be confused. The shoots appear far enough from the mother tree. And if two plants grow side by side, then you can take the female for the masculine.

4. When choosing sea buckthorn, you need to give preference to zoned varieties, that is, those that were grown for a specific climatic zone.

Varieties that grow well, for example, in Altai, will bear poor fruit in the North-Western part of Russia, where the climate is unstable and thaws can be replaced by frosts.

As already mentioned, sea buckthorn wakes up very quickly after winter. In other words, it is very sensitive to thaws. Therefore, a plant that is intended for Siberia reacts differently to warming than a variety for a seaside humid climate.

5. The best option for buying the right seedlings is to choose a reputable nursery and rely on the advice of experienced professionals. 

When to plant - planting dates

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in early spring. Over the summer, the seedling will strengthen the roots, get stronger and winter well.

When planted in autumn, plants may not take root for two reasons:

• the seedling is weak and may not survive frost;
• sea ​​buckthorn very quickly reacts with growth to high temperatures, therefore, in the event of an unexpected thaw, it will begin the vegetative period ahead of time and die with further cooling.

Read how to grow Japanese quince on the site

Landing place

The sea buckthorn root system has its own characteristics: the roots grow in width, reaching a distance of up to 5 meters from the mother tree. At the same time, in the soil, they lie only 15 - 20 cm deep. When choosing a place for a plant, this circumstance must be taken into account first of all.

It is better to plant a shrub away from the place where it is planned to dig up the earth. Otherwise, you can damage the roots, and this will reduce fruiting, and may even destroy the tree. In addition, intensive loosening of the soil in the area of ​​the sea buckthorn root system causes abundant growth of shoots, which makes the tree weak.

The best places for shrubs are along the perimeter of the site, in the farthest corners, where planting of vegetables is not planned.

Sea buckthorn is a photophilous tree. Therefore, it is advisable that the shadow from the outbuildings does not fall on the bushes. Given the small areas of personal plots, it is not easy to choose such a place. You need to observe carefully where the sun is at one time or another of the day, and choose the best landing option.

Soil preparation

It is necessary to prepare the soil for sea buckthorn in the fall.

1. Decrease in acidity

The land where the tree will grow must be leveled. Spread slaked lime on the surface at the rate of 250-400 g / m2 and dig it up. Under trees and shrubs, the soil is always turned over onto the bayonet of a shovel.

Fertilizers can be applied 10-15 days after these measures.

2. Fertilizing the soil

Sea buckthorn needs organic fertilizers - humus, compost and manure.

From minerals, you can add superphosphate or complex additives. Such dressings are sold in ready-made combinations in specialized stores with instructions for use.

If the ground is heavy, which is often the case in clayey areas, then it is good to add sand at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 m2.

You can lay fertilizers over the entire area of ​​the proposed planting or specifically in the holes for each tree. The distance between the recesses is 2 m. This option is much more economical than distribution over the entire site.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly

1. Make holes at a distance of at least 2.5 m from each other in the same row. If there are many trees and there will be several rows, then there should be at least 3 m between the rows.

2. Dig holes about 30 - 40 cm deep and about 50 cm in diameter.

3. In the hole, build a small mound and plant a plant on the top of this elevation. Spread the roots neatly over the slopes and sprinkle with earth up to the root collar of the plant.

4. Arrange a near-stem circle (about 70 cm in diameter) around the seedling, into which pour water at the rate of 2 buckets per hole.

5. Cover the ground with peat or humus to retain moisture.

How to care for a young tree

A young plant does not require special care. Everything you need is laid in the hole when planting, so you do not need to fertilize the soil in the first year. Apply nitrogen fertilizers in a year.

Loosen the soil in the trunk circle carefully to a depth of no more than 5 cm. This is done to remove weeds and oxygenate the root system.

Crown pruning in young plants is not done.

Taking care of an adult tree

Pruning

Mature trees are pruned three to four years after planting. Dry and broken off branches are removed. Rejuvenating pruning can be done after 7 years.

In the bushes of one-year-olds, you can form a crown by cutting the top.

Watering

If the spring is dry, water the trees before flowering. For watering, pour 3-4 buckets under 1 plant. And adult plants need 6-7 buckets of water.

Sea buckthorn loves moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water. In hot weather, water abundantly, but do not allow a swampy state.

In autumn, watering is increased by one and a half times - for full-fledged fruiting for the next year, good water-charging watering is needed.

Top dressing

Once every 3 years, add humus to the soil at the rate of 1 bucket and a glass of ash per 1 m2 of the trunk circle.

Disease protection

As you know, diseases are easier to prevent than to cure. In early spring, before flowering and in autumn, after harvesting, the bushes are sprayed with a three percent solution of copper sulfate. You can also treat the branches with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid for disease prevention.

If pests appear on the trees during the ripening of berries, then you need to spray them once a week with ash infusion or Fitoverm.

You can use herbal infusions for pest control with folk remedies.

Reproduction

Undergrowth

This is the easiest way to breed sea buckthorn.

At the age of 4 years, root suckers appear on the tree, from which seedlings can be grown.

With the onset of spring, you need to chop off the sprout from the mother tree with a shovel, dig a hole, sprinkle it with earth, periodically watering it. By the fall, the seedling will have its own root system and it can be planted in a permanent place of growth.

It is important to remember here that the offspring does not retain the properties of the tree from which it was separated.

If you want to experiment with the growth and don't want to wait for the babies to appear on their own, the process can be accelerated. To do this, you need to find a skeletal root in the ground and cut it off near the tree. Leave the slice open on the outside. After a while, shoots form at this place, on which roots will appear.

The shoots must be separated from the mother a year before transplanting and can be planted in the spring.

This property of sea buckthorn saves it when it freezes. If suddenly your sea buckthorn is frozen, then just saw off it and wait until they grow back from the root.

Layers

Reproduction by layering is quite simple.

In this case, the mother plant is better to take a short and young one. One of the lower branches must be bent to the ground and sprinkled. Put some object on top so that the process does not return to its original position. This should be done in early spring.By autumn, the branch will give roots and it will be possible to separate it from the mother and plant immediately, or wait for spring.

Seeds

At the beginning of autumn, ordinary beds are made, as for vegetables, with fertilizers and the addition of sand. Grooves are built with a depth of about 2 cm. The earth is tightly rammed in them.

With the onset of the first frost, the seeds are laid in the grooves at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from each other. Then they are carefully covered with humus at least 1 cm of layer thickness.

Sea buckthorn sprout from seeds

Can be planted in spring. In this case, you must first soak the seeds in water with a temperature of +25 degrees and wait about a week. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground when the soil has warmed up to a depth of 3 - 5 cm. And only after 2 years the seedlings can be planted in a permanent place.

Cuttings

This is done in late autumn or early spring. Annual shoots are cut from trees at the age of 4-5 years and laid for storage in compliance with the temperature regime from 0 to +2 degrees.

At the very beginning of spring, cuttings are cut into a length of about 20 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm.

Collect the cuttings in a bunch, tie and put in water for several days. After that, plant on the beds upside down.

In the fall, the plant will already be quite suitable for planting in a permanent place. But it's better to wait for spring.

How to grow barberry on the site

Varieties

To navigate the varieties, you need to decide what you would like. In the nursery, you can voice your wishes using the following search criteria:

1. A variety for a specific region or climatic zone.
2. The richest in vitamin C.
3. Sea buckthorn with a high yield.
4. With the highest proportion of oil.
5. The content of carotenoids.
6. Winter-hardy variety.
7. With the best taste.

There are more than 60 varieties officially registered in the state register.

Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia

This shrub cannot be called sea buckthorn, although it is also from the sucker family and very much resembles a familiar plant in appearance and properties.

The tree is about 7 meters high with a wide crown. A dioecious plant, like sea buckthorn.

The berries are small, 5 mm in diameter, but very aromatic. Slightly similar to red currants in appearance and taste.

In terms of the content of vitamins, it surpasses the most vitamin varieties of sea buckthorn.

Daurskaya

Low shrub about 3 meters. Frost resistant. Unlike many other varieties, it has no thorns. Gives a very high yield of berries.

Requires care. Does not tolerate weeds and other trees nearby.

If there is heavy soil or stagnant water on the site, it will not grow.

Altai

Very good for growing in Western Siberia. The name itself speaks of the regional affiliation. Few thorns. The berries are oval, bright orange, sweet. Easy to assemble.

 Darling

This variety grows well in the Urals and in the Central region of Russia. Medium prickly. The fruits are orange, oval, with a dense skin. The taste is moderately sour. Very aromatic. High productivity. Winters well.

Useful video about the features of growing sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a wonderful and useful shrub and is easy to grow and reproduce. Grow in your areas, do not forget about proper care.

Delicious and healthy berries!

Sea buckthorn is one of the few plants that should definitely be in a private garden. Fresh fruits and processed products of "Siberian pineapple" not only have excellent taste, but also have valuable medicinal properties.

At the same time, caring for sea buckthorn is not particularly difficult if you know some of the features. However, amateur gardeners, for various reasons, often do not dare to plant it in their summer cottage.

Most of our doubts and fears are associated with the unknown, so first, let's get to know the sea buckthorn better.

Nutritional value and medicinal properties of sea buckthorn berries

Sea buckthorn is known all over the world as a record holder for the content of the most vital vitamins and microelements.Its regular use has long been recognized as the best way to health and rejuvenation. So much has already been written about the composition of its berries that there is no point in giving the percentage of all substances. A distinctive feature of sea buckthorn from other berries is the presence of fat-like substances (sea buckthorn oil), which improve the absorption of vitamins. Thus, sea buckthorn serves as a powerful fortifying agent and is indicated for the treatment and prevention of vitamin deficiencies in the winter-spring period and during diseases.

The main beneficial properties of sea buckthorn berries are presented in the following list:

• bactericidal and antioxidant (sea buckthorn oil is used for inflammatory processes and for recovery from poisoning);
• wound healing and analgesic (lotions from fresh berries heal abscesses, burns and cuts);
• high serotonin content contributes to the recovery of the nervous system after stress;
• biostimulating (increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood, stimulates cell growth);
• choleretic (appetite increases, digestion is normalized).

In sea buckthorn, not only fruits are valuable, but also leaves and bark. In folk medicine, they are used to treat skin diseases, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and conjunctivitis.

The use of any product has its limitations and contraindications, and sea buckthorn is no exception. Its use is limited in case of allergic reactions and is completely excluded in case of exacerbations of stomach ulcers, diseases of the pancreas and urolithiasis.

What are the best varieties to plant?

Sea buckthorn is widespread throughout Russia. In culture, it is grown everywhere, due to its high winter hardiness. The first cultural forms appeared in Siberia (Altai) - in the natural growing area. In the Altai Territory and Transbaikalia, sea buckthorn is also often found in gardens, like an apple tree in the Moscow region. Today, varieties have been bred that feel great not only in the Far East and Siberia, but also in the Urals and in Central Russia.

Work on breeding varieties is going in the direction of increasing yields, eliminating prickly thorns on the branches, increasing the taste and increasing the size of the fruits. Forget grandmother's sea buckthorn with small sour berries on thorny twigs, which you don't even want to collect - modern varieties are devoid of these shortcomings. Of all the achievements of breeding, we note only the best varieties of sea buckthorn.

Chuiskaya

To begin with, let's note the varieties that meet all the basic needs of gardeners at once: they have a fairly high yield, fruits of dessert taste, compact bushes and are poorly covered with thorns or are completely devoid of them.

Naran - a variety of early ripening with large orange fruits of excellent taste and pleasant aroma; has a decent yield (up to 10 kg per bush); branches are poorly covered with thorns; bred for Central Russia.

Moscow beauty - variety of average ripening period; fruits of medium size, orange-red, with a slight sourness and faint aroma; dessert purpose; transportability is good; high yield (up to 12 kg per bush); few thorns; suitable for growing in Central Russia.

Solar - variety of average ripening period; fruits are large, light orange, with a slight sourness; high yield (up to 15 kg per bush); medium coverage with thorns; adapted for Central Russia.

Giant - late-ripening variety; fruits are very large, cylindrical, orange; there are no thorns; universal purpose; suitable for growing in the Urals and the Far East.

Giant variety

Below is a brief description of popular varieties that have received many positive reviews.

Variety	Fruit	Productivity, kg / bush	The presence of thorns	Growing area	Ripening period
Elizabeth	large juicy bright orange sweet and sour on a long stalk	to 10	very little	Siberia	early
Botanical	large rounded oval yellow-orange dry margin thin skin with sourness on a long stalk	6 — 7	very little	North-West, Volgo-Vyatsky, Central and North Caucasian regions	early
Chuiskaya	large cylindrical orange on the middle stalk sweet and sour	13 — 22	very little	in all regions of Russia	early
Jam	medium size orange-red oval dessert taste	up to 12	absent	Siberia	average
Herringbone	small green-lemon sour	average	there are	Has a decorative purpose	late
Darling	medium size oval with dense skin good taste	12 — 15	few	Western Siberia, Ural, Central region	early
Perchik	average oval bright orange with a sour pineapple aroma	6 — 8	there are	Zoned for Moscow region and Northwest region	mid-early
Altai	large orange oval sweet and sour	moderate and unstable	absent	Siberia	average
Openwork	very large bright orange cylindrical	up to 6 kg	absent	Siberia	average

Among all the variety of sea buckthorn varieties, there is no ideal super-variety. One way or another, flaws can be found in anything that is characteristic of any culture. The presented varieties are ideal for growing in a private garden.

When choosing a variety, be sure to focus on the climatic zone. Ideally, the variety should be locally selected. The description of the variety corresponds to reality only if it is grown in a nominal one in the climatic zone where it was bred.

What should be the planting material?

Features of growing sea buckthorn are determined by its biology. It is a dioecious wind-pollinated plant. For the fruiting of the female plant, the close position of the male plant is required. Popular male varieties are Alei and Gnome.

When buying planting material, you need to choose only seedlings obtained from cuttings (they, as a rule, have a well-developed root system and a short shoot). From seedlings grown from seeds, a thorny wild will turn out, and the acquisition of dug out shoots (with a long growth) is akin to playing Russian roulette: there is no guarantee that it will be a female fruiting plant, since it is impossible to distinguish it from a male one in this case.

You can determine the sex of a young seedling by the following criteria:

• if the buds are large with 5 - 7 scales, then there is a male plant in front of you;
• if the buds are elongated and small with 2 scales, then it is a female plant.

This rule is true both in the spring before the blooming of flower buds, and in the fall after the shedding of the leaves.

In sea buckthorn, nodules form on the roots, which help the plant to absorb atmospheric nitrogen. Do not mistake this symbiosis for painful growths and break off or cut them off.

If space in the country is sorely lacking, then you can graft several cuttings from a male plant onto a female plant, thus artificially obtaining a monoecious plant.

Choosing a place in the garden, technique and planting dates

There are negative reviews of summer residents about the poor survival rate of sea buckthorn and problems with growing. This is not to say that there are no difficulties at all, but if you know and take into account its characteristics and needs, a high and stable harvest is guaranteed. We will analyze in detail how to plant and grow sea buckthorn in the country.

When choosing a place for sea buckthorn, you need to consider the following:

• its natural habitat is sandy and pebble soils along the banks of reservoirs;
• it is quite drought-resistant, but loves moist soil;
• the root system does not tolerate the close location of groundwater at all;
• it is very light-requiring, so the site should not be shaded by other tall trees;
• despite the high frost resistance, male plants can suffer during the period of temperature changes after thaws, which is often observed in the European part of Russia, therefore
• the landing site should be on the south side and protected from the winds;
• she does not like the close proximity of trees, shrubs and even spicy herbs and flowers, therefore, the edge of the site, the area near buildings or a strip along the fence is suitable for planting;
• it does not tolerate acidic soils and reacts well to lime application;
• it has a superficial root system that extends significantly horizontally (several meters from the plant), the roots are fragile and easily injured during;
• tillage and transplanting, therefore it is strictly forbidden to dig up the near-trunk circles, and the planting of seedlings should be carried out with a large earthen clod.

The planting pit is made 0.5 m wide and deep. For filling, a mixture of humus, river sand, garden soil, superphosphate and wood ash is prepared. It is better not to overdo it with fertilizers. After planting, the root collar of the seedling should remain at the level of the soil surface, taking into account shrinkage. The trunk circle is well watered and mulched. Mulch protects the young seedling from overheating, retains moisture in the soil and slows down the growth of weeds.

Plants are planted at a distance of 2 - 3 m. A male plant can be planted in the center, and up to 3 female plants can be placed around it, or all plants can be planted in a row, placing the male plant at the beginning of the row from the side of the prevailing winds.

For a successful planting, you need to know when to plant sea buckthorn in a specific region. It makes no sense to indicate specific calendar dates, since you will still have to focus on weather conditions. The only thing to consider is that sea buckthorn has a very short period of winter dormancy, therefore, in the European part of Russia, the buds can awaken after the first long thaws. For young seedlings planted in the fall, this phenomenon can be disastrous. Therefore, for Central Russia, planting sea buckthorn in the spring is more acceptable. According to the reviews of many summer residents, it is this period that gives the best results in terms of survival. At the same time, the optimal planting dates are in the earliest spring. Seedlings with an open root system must be planted first, and for container material, the timing can be slightly moved. If you prepare the planting holes in the fall, then in the spring there will be less hassle.

Planting sea buckthorn in the fall is also possible, but there is a risk of plant loss. It is carried out in September - mid-October until the first frost. The seedlings do not need shelter.

Subtleties of sea buckthorn care

During the period of active growth, sea buckthorn loves moderate fertilizing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Do not overdo it with nitrogen and organic matter. It makes no sense to apply fertilizer to the trunk circles of an adult bush.

Throughout the growing season, sea buckthorn needs good watering, but water stagnation should not be allowed.

Fruiting of sea buckthorn begins 3-4 years after planting the seedling. Until then, formative pruning is important to create the correct crown shape for the bush. It is carried out in early spring before bud break, removing abnormally growing young growth and diseased shoots. After 8 - 10 years after planting, rejuvenating pruning is carried out, leaving only 3-year-old shoots. Annual sanitary pruning helps to clear the bush of dry, diseased and frozen shoots.

Sea buckthorn can be affected by diseases and pests. To combat them, it is better to start with biological and mechanical methods, since the use of chemicals will adversely affect the medicinal properties of the fruit.

Harvesting and processing

Sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit very early and its yield quickly reaches its maximum value. Modern varieties yield from 10 to 30 kg or more per bush. Harvesting is hampered by another feature of sea buckthorn - the berries have a short stalk and sit very tightly on a branch. Therefore, it is useful to know how to harvest sea buckthorn quickly and efficiently.
Fruit collection can be carried out in two terms: in the fall after full ripening and at the beginning of winter after frost. Freezing does not affect the medicinal properties of berries in any way.The harvested crop can be stored until processing for no more than 3 days in a cool place and without access to sunlight. Frozen berries retain vitamins for up to 6 months.

Homemade scraper for picking berries

You can collect frozen fruits by simply shaking them off on clean matter. For autumn harvesting, there is a clever device for collecting sea buckthorn - spring tweezers for sniffing. This method of collection will not harm the plant, and will preserve the marketability of the fruit. Given the juiciness and thin skin of the fruit, it is better to collect them in wooden boxes with a wide bottom.

You should definitely prepare dried leaves for health tea. Cut twigs of sea buckthorn can be hung indoors at temperatures close to zero. So the berries will last until spring. When stored in the refrigerator, it is sprinkled with sugar in equal parts. The fruits are dried not in the sun, but in the oven. Sea buckthorn is very good at processing. It can be used to make vitamin juice, preserves, jam and jelly. However, it must be remembered that heat treatment and preservatives greatly reduce the vitamin content.

Below are some simple sea buckthorn recipes for the winter:

Sea buckthorn in sugar. The washed and dried berries are mixed with sugar in equal parts (if the berry is too acidic, then the amount of sugar can be increased) and grind with a wooden pestle to a mushy consistency. The resulting mass is placed in sterilized jars, closed with lids and lowered into the cellar.

Sea buckthorn jam with walnuts. Chopped walnut kernels (200 g) are boiled in syrup (about 4 liters of water, 1.5 kg of sugar) for 20 minutes. Then add 1 kg of fresh berries there and cook for another 20 minutes. Delicious and nutritious jam is ready!

Until recently, my assessment of sea buckthorn was low: well, it is very prickly, the berries are sour, when they are torn off from a branch, they burst in their hands, even after uprooting adult trees, a lot of root growth remains. The same opinion is shared by many gardeners who, like me, bought a wild sea buckthorn seedling.

I hasten to reassure you: summer residents who plant high-quality varietal sea buckthorn have the opposite opinion about it - definitely positive! The berries are sweet-sour, sweet-sour, large or medium-sized, of various colors: yellow-orange, orange, red.

Sea buckthorn is used for the preparation of various dishes and preparations for future use, in medicine and cosmetology. Berries contain the richest supply of minerals and vitamins. Sea buckthorn oil is very valuable and is in demand in the treatment of various diseases.

Sea buckthorn is both useful and beautiful and tasty. The natural habitat of sea buckthorn is the banks of rivers and seas, therefore in many countries it is called "sea thorn". In Russia, we call this plant sea buckthorn, because its fruits, as it were, stick around the branch from all sides. Sea buckthorn (trees or shrubs) belongs to the Loch family. There are both low varieties and vigorous ones. Leaves are thin, gray-gray, flowers appear before foliage, very inconspicuous, odorless, it may seem that these are the leaves.

Known in culture buckthorn buckthorn, which has become widespread throughout the world, and willow sea buckthorngrowing in the mountains of India, Nepal, Bhutan and in the south of some Chinese provinces.

Features of buckthorn buckthorn

There are male and female trees, so to get a good harvest, you need to plant them together, as this plant is dioecious. A male sapling can be taken even from wild growth, and a female one must be cultivated, of a good variety. But, based on my unsuccessful experience with wild-growing sea buckthorn, I would take pollinating varieties as a male plant Alei, Dear friend or Ural... They are well suited for the Moscow region.

The floor of the seedling is determined by the buds. It is more convenient when there are no leaves (in spring, autumn or winter). Identification is especially important for the male plant, because the female can be identified in the summer - by the fruits and flowers.

Male and female sea buckthorn plant.

1 - female kidneys: 2-3 times less than male ones, with 2 covering scales;

2 - male kidneys: large, with 5-7 covering scales.

Female and male sea buckthorn buds.

Planting sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is planted in autumn or spring. From my own experience, I can say that the plants of spring planting took root better. The danger of an autumn disembarkation is temperature drops in winter and thaws. They can provoke the awakening of the plant, but it has not yet had time to properly adapt after planting, so it may freeze. The roots of sea buckthorn are long, branched (form nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria), the bulk is at a depth of about 40 cm.

Rich harvest of sea buckthorn
Sea buckthorn does not like transplants very much, so it is advisable to immediately plant it in a permanent place. It should be sunny with light, neutral soils.

You can apply organic fertilizers (

humus

) and mineral fertilizers (double

superphosphate

) at

autumn digging

soil. Or prepare a soil mixture from them just before planting. Add a handful of wood

ash

(on a tree).

Planting sea buckthorn.
It is planted similarly to most fruit trees: a hole is dug with a depth and diameter of about 50 cm, the root collar after shrinkage of the earth should be located at soil level. After planting, water the plant, mulch the hole with dry soil.

Sea buckthorn care

Sea buckthorn roots diverge to the sides for many meters, so there is no point in applying fertilizer to the trunk circles of adult plants. Another thing is rooting cuttings, they can be fed with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.

Cuttings, while the planting "material" is formed from them, is often watered. Planted trees do not require frequent watering, except in drought.

Sea buckthorn pruning is carried out in the spring, before the buds dissolve. Up to 4-5 years old, they form a crown, cutting out incorrectly growing shoots. After 8-10 years, rejuvenating pruning is done, removing old branches with a small increase, leaving three-year-old shoots. And every year, of course, you need to carry out sanitary pruning, removing damaged, dried, frozen and diseased shoots.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn reproduces vegetatively and by seeds.

Sapling selection

Based on my own experience, I can say that it is very difficult to distinguish the root shoots of wild sea buckthorn from the cultivated one, propagated by layering.

It is best to purchase small seedlings grown from cuttings: according to the root system, it is immediately clear that this is a young, rooted cutting.

You can choose sea buckthorn seedlings in our catalog, which includes offers from various online stores. View a selection of sea buckthorn seedlings

Sea buckthorn Askola350 rblWATCH

Sea buckthorn Pollmix350 rblWATCH

Sea buckthorn buckthorn Alei900 rblWATCH

Sea Buckthorn Orange Power: Male (1) + Female (1)899 rblWATCH
Becker

Reproduction sea ​​buckthorn seeds

Not a very good way: the varietal traits of the cultivated sea buckthorn are poorly inherited, the traits of the male are good, and it will always be wild.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by green cuttings

One of the highest quality propagation methods, which is no different from the propagation of many plants and shrubs.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by green cuttings.

1. In mid-June, cut a stalk about 15 cm long, remove the three lower leaves.
2. The cut can be treated with drugs to stimulate growth, or you can do without them.
3. Dig the stalk into the nutrient soil of the greenhouse. River sand + fertile soil + peat will provide him with good nutrition. The air temperature should be about +28 ° С with an air humidity of 90%.
4. Spray and water the cutting regularly.
5. After the appearance of the roots, fertilizing is carried out with mineral fertilizer. Ventilate the greenhouse gradually.After a couple of months, the rooted stalk is opened, fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
6. From this point on, it can grow without a film. In the spring, he is planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by lignified cuttings

In late autumn or winter, cuttings are cut off with a thickness of at least 5 mm, they are added dropwise in the snow so that the plant does not wake up.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by lignified cuttings.

1. In the spring, cut blanks from them with a length of at least 15 cm.
2. Soak in water for several days; you can simply put the cutting in water for about 2 weeks (buds and similar roots will appear).
3. Then plant the cuttings under a film in fertile soil to a depth of about 15 cm (the soil mixture consists of humus, peat, river sand). Leave about 2 buds above the ground.
4. Cuttings need constant watering, the air temperature should be about +27 ° C, with good humidity.
5. When the stalk reaches a height of 50 cm, you can transplant it to a permanent place.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by root shoots

Not a very good method, although many may disagree with me.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by grafting

Due to the loose tissues of the sea buckthorn, it may not take root. Budding does not work, but you can try copulating.

Sea buckthorn varieties

The varieties that I selected for my site after the dominance of the "savages":

‘Moscow beauty’

Low-growing variety, up to 2.5 m. Resistant to diseases. Average yield. Fruits ripen from mid-August to early September (average ripening period).

Variety ‘Moscow beauty’ Orange berries are large, up to 10 g, with a delicate sweet and sour pulp. Refers to table varieties.

‘Chuyskaya’

Refers to universal varieties. Medium-sized, grows up to 4 m, with small sparse thorns, orange berries, sweeter than the Moscow Beauty, large (0.8-1.0 g).

The 'Chuiskaya' variety.
The fruits ripen from mid-August to early September.

‘Krasnoplodnaya’

I liked it because of the beautiful fruits. The tree is medium-sized.

Variety 'Krasnoplodnaya'.

If you, like me, started your acquaintance with sea buckthorn from the wild, do not be afraid to plant a cultivar! And, perhaps, the noble sea buckthorn will become your favorite plant.

Sea buckthorn is a small tree or shrub with a height of 10 cm to 6 m. The type of root system is superficial. Usually the roots of the plant are at a depth of 40 cm. Sea buckthorn has characteristic long and narrow leaves of a greenish-silvery color. In the article, we will tell you how sea buckthorn is planted in the country with seeds / cuttings, when to plant, how to propagate by layering, how to prune, and we will give recommendations for caring for seedlings.

When buying sea buckthorn seedlings, you need to ask how the variety is adapted to your climatic conditions. Reproduction of sea buckthorn is carried out in different ways: by cuttings, seeds, shoots, dividing the bush, layering.

Sea buckthorn is a very healthy and tasty plant that requires little maintenance and thrives in most different climates.

Features of growing sea buckthorn

This culture is dioecious: it has both male and female flowers. The male is silvery brown, the female is yellow. Red or orange fruits appear as ball-shaped or elongated false drupes. The berries ripen in 100 days. Sea buckthorn berry oil is especially appreciated. In addition, juice and jam are made from its fruits. The culture is frost-resistant. Often, male and female flowers are located on different shrubs. The sex of a young plant is not easy to determine. To do this, wait for the formation of flower buds. Sea buckthorn ripens in 4-6 years from the time of planting.

For fruiting on the site, you need to plant two shrubs - female and male. In order to determine the gender, one should take a closer look at the buds in the spring, while the leaves have not yet unfolded. The male shrub has large buds with 5-7 scales.In female sea buckthorn, the buds are two times smaller, and they have only 2 covering scales.

Sea buckthorn roots are located close to the surface of the earth and extend from the tree for several meters. When digging land on the site, it is easy to damage them. Abundant growth begins to appear in places of damage. Therefore, it is better to plant sea buckthorn at the edge of the site. Sea buckthorn loves light and moisture. Light and loamy soils are suitable for her. Acidic, high-carbonate and alkaline soils are not suitable. If you plant sea buckthorn in heavy loam, coarse sand must be added to the planting pit.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by shoots

It is advisable to take shoots growing at a distance of more than 1.5 meters from the mother tree. In this case, she already has a small root system. At the same time, the garden will be cleared of shoots that grow at a distance from mature trees and litter the garden. Some varietal trees, both young and adult, have rather little overgrowth. In this case, you will have to take care of each shoot - spud, water regularly. This will give more chances to grow sea buckthorn seedlings with developed root lobes.

Planting sea buckthorn can be carried out in several ways - cuttings, planting with seeds and grafting, which method to choose, everyone decides independently.

Plant propagation by layering

Most often, in this case, a young tree with low bending branches becomes the mother plant. A branch with good growth should be chosen. It must be bent and pinned to the ground in a small groove and covered with earth. It is advisable to plant the layers in the spring. It must first be separated from the branch of the mother plant and dug out with regrown roots. Then drop off at a permanent place.

Planting sea buckthorn seeds

This method of reproduction makes it possible to breed new varieties of sea buckthorn and get strong zoned seedlings. In the future, they can be used as rootstocks. Alas, many trees that have grown from seeds become degraded variations of the mother plant, because they lose the best varietal characteristics. Sea buckthorn often grows prickly, with small fruits and a predominance of male plants (up to 70%). Sea buckthorn seeds are perfectly preserved in dried fruits. For 2 years, their germination does not decrease.

Tip # 1. It is best to sow seeds in the spring (starting in late April). This is done within 30-40 days after stratification at temperatures from 0 to +5 degrees.

Under good conditions, seedlings hatch in a week. Massively seeds germinate after 10-14 days. Shading seedlings and protection from birds are important conditions for cultivating a plant from seed. In mid-June, seedlings are planted in the main place. An elongated taproot must be pinched in order for a fibrous root system to develop. Sea buckthorn seeds can be sown in autumn (end of November), before frosts. For convenience, they sow in dug grooves.

Planting sea buckthorn with green and lignified cuttings

Lignified cuttings are harvested in November or March. Later, during the swelling of the buds, the cuttings take root very rarely. Two-year increments should be chosen - stronger trees grow from them than from annuals. The length of the cut branches is 15-20 cm, the thickness is 6-8 mm. Of these, cuttings 15-20 cm long must be cut, tied into bunches, wrapped with a cloth and put in a bag with snow collected in it. Put it in a hole prepared in advance or in a place where a snowdrift forms in winter. The bag can be covered with spruce branches or dry leaves.

In the spring, cuttings are kept in warm water for three days, and then planted. Rooting preparations can be used. Most of the cuttings will be underground, but 2-3 buds should remain above it. During rooting, soil and air moisture plays a significant role. If you planted cuttings in the spring, by the fall you will have 20-60 cm long shoots. The sea buckthorn grown from a lignified cuttings will begin to bear fruit in the third year.

One of the most convenient ways of planting sea buckthorn is cuttings, since this method is the simplest and most effective, most of the planted plants easily take root and yield a harvest.

For the rooting of green cuttings, certain conditions must be created - moisture spraying, loose and sterile soil mixture, root formation stimulants, etc. The timing of green cuttings is also important. In the Moscow region, this is done from the second half of June to mid-July.

Planting sea buckthorn by grafting

Grafting makes it possible to graft a stalk from a male plant to a female plant, and not plant a new tree. In addition, this method makes it possible to cultivate a certain variety on a strong seedling. It is better to plant sea buckthorn in the Moscow region in the first half of May. There are different methods of grafting sea buckthorn. Here is one of them.

1. First of all, you need to tackle the stock: the stem of two-year-old seedlings is cut for reverse growth 1.5-2 cm above the level of the root collar. The strongest is chosen from the growing shoots. The rest are cut out or neatly broken out.
2. The selected shoot is grown all summer long. At this time, its height is slowed down. At the same time, it thickens.
3. The lower part (at a height of 13-15 cm) is regularly cleaned of side branches. This is necessary so that by the time of vaccination next spring, you will have a smooth, even bole. In the spring of the third year of life, the seedling will have a height of 50-60 cm and a diameter of 5-9 mm.
4. Cuttings 7-9 cm long should be grafted at a height of 8-10 cm from the root collar using the improved copulation method. They take root more easily than when grafted into the root collar. Read also the article: → "How to properly plant fruit trees in spring, summer, autumn."

How to plant sea buckthorn in the garden

Sea buckthorn is usually planted in spring or autumn. Practice shows that a plant planted in spring takes root better. Typically, sea buckthorn has several roots underground. They are located at a depth of approximately 50 cm and in different directions. The sea buckthorn root system does not like digging due to possible mechanical damage. When choosing a planting site, neutral soil is desirable. The site should be well lit and open.

Tip # 2. When planting, humus must be added to each hole as an organic top dressing and double superphosphate as a mineral fertilizer. It is also recommended to add wood ash there.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly:

1. Dig a hole, the depth and diameter of which is 50 cm. The root collar should be located at the level of the soil. Landing is carried out at a distance of at least 1 meter from the border of the site. The rows between the bushes are 2x2 meters.
2. It is recommended to put rubble, shell rock, broken brick at the bottom of the pit - this layer should not exceed 10 cm. Then a layer of fertile soil and fertilizer will follow. The seedling must be at least 2 years old.
3. When disembarking, a stake must be placed in the hole so that the trunk does not bend over time. After creating a hole at the planting site of the bush, it is sprinkled with earth and watered at the base.

The picture shows sea buckthorn, which is planted by cuttings, as practice shows, by choosing this method, the plant grows faster than when planted with seeds.

How to care for sea buckthorn

• In the spring, the trees are sanitized. When the warmth is established, it is necessary to cut off all dry, broken branches. Read also the article: → "Cutting trees and shrubs."
• In April, the soil should be loosened. Water the plant in May, during flowering, in calm weather.
• It is necessary to make additional pollination: cut off a branch from a male tree and shake it over the crown of a female tree.
• In the summer, you can carry out activities to stimulate the growth of shoots and fruits. One day after watering, the soil in the aisles and near-stem circles is loosened. The fruits ripen in August - September.
• In the fall, the bushes must be cut off. Adult plants are best rejuvenated each year in turn. If the weather is dry in autumn, the sea buckthorn is watered abundantly.Fertilizers with a high content of organic matter and phosphorus are also applied.

They do preventive treatment of sea buckthorn plants from pests and diseases:

• collect fallen leaves, from trees - the remaining flowers and fruits,
• clean the wounds found on the surface of branches and trunks - they are treated with a solution of copper sulfate,
• whitewash the stem and skeletal branches.

You can also 2 times - in early spring and late autumn - treat sea buckthorn with a solution of Bordeaux liquid or urea. When pests appear once a week, it is necessary to treat with a solution of wood ash. Care and cultivation of sea buckthorn consists, first of all, in watering. A young plant needs 3-4 buckets of water, a mature plant needs 6-8 buckets. With the onset of autumn, the consumption for each tree increases by one and a half times. Watering in the winter is also very important.

Do not forget about loosening the soil. In order not to damage the roots, create a mulch from compost - apple or birch leaves, potato tops, humus - they are poured into the trunk circles. Starting from the third year of life, sea buckthorn needs potash, phosphorus supplements and ammonium nitrate. A mature tree after flowering, and later 1 time after 3 weeks, treat with a solution of 1 tablespoon of liquid potassium humate or Effekton in 10 liters of water.

At a time when the ovaries are actively growing, you need to add a solution of double superphosphate - 2 tablespoons and the same amount of the Universal-micro mixture, 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate. All ingredients are stirred in 10 liters of water. During the period of digging the soil in the fall, it is necessary to distribute over the site 100 g of wood ash, 30 g of superphosphate, 25 g of potassium salt per square meter. m.

How sea buckthorn is pruned at different times of the year

Sea buckthorn pruning can be done in spring, summer, autumn. In the latter case, sanitary pruning is done. In the spring, dry, diseased, broken branches, shoots are removed. Formative pruning is done to young plants. If you want to form a sea buckthorn like a bush, cut the seedling at a height of 10-20 cm. If you want to have a tree, you need to form it with a stem - its height will be 30 cm, leaving 2-4 skeletal branches.

In the future, when forming a bush or tree, only certain shoots and shoots are cut off. After 6 years, you should carry out a rejuvenating pruning of branches that have ceased to give berries. Every year 1-3 branches need to be replaced.

Sea buckthorn gets along well and grows in various regions with the most varied climates, does not require special care in the winter season, so it is perfect for planting both in hot regions and in cold ones.

Sea buckthorn varieties for the Moscow region, the Urals, Siberia

The best varieties of sea buckthorn:

Variety name	Characteristic
Botanical aromatic	Early ripe variety. Resistant to endomycosis. Productivity from a bush up to 15 kg. The orange-red berries are oblong and large with a dense skin. Slightly acidic in taste. The pulp is juicy, aromatic.
Botanical amateur	The variety is early maturing. The yield is average. Highly winter-resistant. Disease resistant. The orange-yellow berries are large, oval-elongated with a dense skin.
Muscovite	The variety is mid-season. Winter hardy. Resistant to diseases and pests. Large orange berries with a dessert taste, with aromatic pulp, with a thin skin.
Giant	Late-ripening variety. Resistant to diseases and pests. Winter hardy. Drought-resistant. Very large orange berries are sweet and sour, juicy. The shape is cylindrical.
Bead	Mid-season variety. Orange berries are medium-sized, round or conical, sweet and sour.
Moscow pineapple	Mid-season variety. Disease resistant. Winter hardy. Berries are pear-shaped, dark orange, with a thin skin, fragrant, juicy.

Features of growing sea buckthorn in Siberia, in the Urals

Gardeners of the Urals and Siberia, due to the severity of the climate, most often choose frost-resistant varieties of sea buckthorn of large-fruited Altai selection. Most often, sea buckthorn is propagated by cuttings. Shoots are cut from October 10 to April 10 (before the buds open).When choosing sea buckthorn, preference should be given to zoned varieties - those that are grown for a specific climatic zone.

Varieties that grow well, for example, in Altai, bear poor fruit in the northwestern part of Russia, which is characterized by instability, where frosts are replaced by thaws. In Siberia and the Urals, it is better to plant sea buckthorn in early spring. Over the summer, the seedling will get stronger, strengthen the roots and winter well.

The picture shows a close-up of the seabuckthorn breeding scheme using cuttings.

In autumn, a weak plant may not take root - it will not survive frost. And due to the fact that sea buckthorn instantly reacts to high temperatures with growth, if an unexpected thaw occurs, it will begin the vegetative period ahead of time and will die with further cooling.

Common questions about growing and planting sea buckthorn

Question number 1. On what soil does sea buckthorn prefer to grow?

Practice shows that sea buckthorn grows on any soil, even very poor. She only dislikes flooded areas with stagnant moisture and high groundwater. In this case, it must be planted on a mound. Sea buckthorn grows best on fertile, loose soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Acidic soils must be limed. Read also the article: → "Soil acidity: methods of determination and correction."

Question number 2. Is it worth buying a male plant if it already exists in the neighboring area?

If you plant a male plant close to a neighbor's sea buckthorn, you will increase the yield. For good fruiting, the male tree should be no further than 50 meters. And it is better to plant female specimens of different varieties. For 3-4 female plants, 1 male is enough.

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