Forsythy planting and grooming outdoors for beginners

Blooming forsythia, strewn with hundreds of bright yellow flowers, is impossible to miss! If the summer resident wants to be decorated with forsythia every spring, planting and care in the open field are key stages on the path to success.

Perennial shrubs, one of the first to break the monochrome of early spring, came to Europe from Asia and were named after the botanist who brought the first seedlings to the Old World. Today forsythia is the most popular type for landscaping and creating hedges.

How and when to organize planting and caring for forsythia in the open field at their summer cottage? What does a shrub need for friendly growth?

Conditions for planting forsythia in the open field

Forsythia is an amazing plant that changes its appearance every season. In the spring, these are branches devoid of leaves, but densely strewn with flowers. In summer, the bush is covered with greenery, which changes color to golden or purple in autumn. When looking for a place for forsythia, you should pay attention to areas where the shrub will be clearly visible and illuminated.

Although forsythia tolerate being in the shade, in the sun the bush forms more dense and even. The plant is undemanding to soil fertility, but it develops better on soil with an alkaline reaction, good drainage. Culture:

• undemanding to care;
• has excellent frost resistance, simplifying the wintering of forsythia in the open field;
• tolerates drought well;
• responds well to haircuts and can be used for growing hedges.

There are two options for planting forsythia in the ground: in spring and in autumn. In the first case, young shrubs after acclimatization immediately begin to grow, giving new shoots. Bushes transferred to the garden in autumn only take root, and begin to grow after wintering.

Timing of planting forsythia in the ground

The time for transferring seedlings to the garden is chosen depending on the region and the quality of the planting material. Many nurseries today offer young plants with a closed root system. Seedlings grown in containers are transplanted together with an earthen clod, so the roots do not suffer, the bush easily and quickly adapts to a new place of residence. And the summer resident is guaranteed easy care for forsythia in the open field after planting, whenever it happens: in spring, summer or autumn.

For seedlings with an open root system, it is better to plant in the spring months, when the threat of sudden frosts goes away, or in the fall, about a month before the onset of seasonal cold weather. During this period of time, the shrub will acclimatize and be able to prepare for winter.

Since the climatic conditions in the regions of the country are seriously different, there is a significant difference in the timing of planting and caring for forsythia in the open field, in the Moscow region and, for example, in central and northern Siberia, where the heat comes later, and the summer is much shorter:

1. If you delay planting plants in the garden, their adaptation and rooting will be delayed, and the shoots that have dedicated over the summer will not have time to get stronger before the onset of frost.
2. Early spring planting threatens with the danger of freezing of the buds, tops of the shoots, and with severe frosts on the soil, damage to the points of growth and roots.

In autumn, planting forsythia in the ground also depends on weather and climatic conditions and can vary even within the same region, for example, as large as the Urals. If in the south gardeners live according to a calendar similar to that used by summer residents of the middle lane, then in the north the weather is much more severe and changeable.

Planting forsythia in open ground

Forsythia prefer dry, drained soil and do not tolerate stagnant moisture in the soil. Therefore, at the bottom of the planting pits 60 cm deep and 50 cm wide, powerful drainage is made from broken brick, expanded clay or gravel. It is especially important not to neglect this measure in areas with dense soil that retains water and where groundwater is too close. An example is planting and caring for forsythia in the Leningrad region.

A layer of sand and a prepared soil mixture based on:

• 2 pieces of leafy land;
• 1 part peat;
• 1 part sand.

For each hole, 200 grams of sifted wood ash is mixed into the ground. The substrate is poured with a mound, on the sides of which the roots of the bush are spread. After filling the hole, the soil is compacted and watered abundantly at the rate of 10-15 liters per plant. In the fall, after planting forsythia, caring for the shrub consists in dense mulching of the trunk circle. This will help conserve water in the soil and protect the roots from hypothermia.

Mulch will help in spring, especially where summer comes quickly and the soil dries quickly, covered with a dense, impenetrable crust.

Caring for forsythia after planting in the open field

An important advantage of forsythia is its simplicity and the absence of any special care. In the warm season, shrubs that grow rapidly with minimal care need:

• in irrigation, if there is no natural precipitation, and the soil under the plants is completely dry;
• in maintaining the cleanliness and looseness of the trunk circles;
• in a triple feeding;
• in a haircut that helps maintain the health and shape of the crown.

In hot dry times, the plants are watered abundantly once or twice a month, the field of which is loosened, weeded and mulched. Lowland peat mixed with humus and wood ash can be used as mulch. This composition protects the roots from overheating and is an excellent long-acting fertilizer. In addition, shrubs respond well to full fertilization before and after flowering.

In the second half of summer, you should not fertilize shrubs with nitrogen. It will cause active growth of young shoots, which, even with proper planting and caring for forsythia in the Urals, Siberia and in the middle lane, will not have time to ripen and will die with the onset of frost.

An important part of caring for forsythia is pruning the shrub. For sanitary purposes, the removal of dead, old or damaged branches is carried out in the spring, and a haircut to maintain shape - in early summer, when the mass flowering ends. Until recently, shoots yellow from flowers can be shortened by half the length, and old branches are cut above the ground so that several buds remain at the base.

Once every 3-4 years, forsythia is rejuvenated by evenly cutting all shoots by half or two-thirds of the length. Over the summer, the plant will restore the crown, which will be dense, uniform and young, so that next spring it will please with a friendly bright flowering.

In most regions, the plant winters excellently without shelter. If the winters have little snow, before wintering, forsythia in the open field is gently tilted to the ground, fixed and covered with spruce branches or dense non-woven material. At the first opportunity, the bushes are covered with snow.

Reproduction of forsythia in the open field

The remaining parts of the branches after pruning are an excellent material for obtaining cuttings that will serve for the propagation of forsythia. The green shoots are cut into pieces 10-15 cm long so that each one has several healthy buds.The lower leaves are cut off, and the resulting stalk, after treatment with a rooting stimulant, is planted in a greenhouse.

In the fall, another method for breeding forsythia in the open field is possible. Lignified cuttings are planted in a school organized in a quiet place protected from wind and flooding. For the time remaining before the cold weather, the seedling will give roots, and 2-3 buds left above the surface of the soil will wake up in the spring and form a young crown of a dwarf shrub. In the coming fall, such plants can be planted in a permanent place.

Planting forsythia in a permanent place - video

Forsythia is a bright representative of Olive plants with numerous yellow bell-shaped flowers. Forsythia European (the only species found in the wild in Europe) is a tall, spreading shrub with early but short flowering. For plants such as forsythia, atypical for the Russian climate, planting and care in the open field requires certain knowledge and horticultural skills.

In regions with severe winters, it is better to grow frost-resistant tall species: European and Giralda, ovoid and hybrid. For the southern regions of Russia, more compact species are suitable: hanging and green.

Planting forsythia: site selection and soil preparation

Solar forsythia loves light and warmth, therefore it is better for it to allocate open, protected from the winds, quickly warming up southern areas. However, it also tolerates minor shading well. Stagnant water and heavy, impermeable soils act on it more destructively.

Planting shrubs in open ground can be carried out in early autumn (with the beginning of leaf fall) or in early spring. The plant loves slightly alkaline soils, so the introduction of lime or wood ash is encouraged. For spring planting, planting pits and soil mixture for falling asleep are prepared in advance. Pits are dug 0.6 m deep with a diameter of about 1 m. The distance between the seedlings should be at least 1.5 m. A drainage layer is arranged at the bottom of the pit made of rubble (20 cm) and sand (10 cm).

When planting, the roots of the seedling are carefully straightened at the bottom of the pit and covered with a mixture of compost, turf, peat (but not sour), ash and sand. The soil around the seedling must be compacted in order to improve the contact of the roots with the soil. After planting, the care plan requires abundant watering.

Spring planting is not always convenient due to the short period from the readiness of the soil to the blooming of firzia. For autumn planting, you will need to prepare young seedlings for winter. To do this, the trunk circles are mulched with dry leaves, and the twigs are pinned to the ground and also covered. For these purposes, you can also use white spunbond or agrofibre covering material. Breathable synthetic material eliminates damping of flower buds during the thaw period and the development of mold and gray mold.

Forsythia europaea - European forsythia

Forsythia care

Caring for forsythia is simple. Adult shrubs are rarely watered, but abundantly and only in the absence of precipitation. It is not necessary to fill in forsythia at all. To maintain an optimal level of moisture, it is better to cover the tree trunks with compost.

Top dressing helps the plant to form large, vibrant and numerous flowers. For forsythia, it is enough to carry out 2 top dressing: in the spring during the budding period (at the beginning of active growth) with complex fertilizers and after flowering (to restore strength and lay flower buds next year) with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Forsythia does not like competition with weeds, so weeding and shallow loosening should be regular.

For the first 3 to 4 years, the plant actively grows and forms a crown, so pruning during this period is not recommended.

In the future, every year in early spring, before flowering, it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning with cutting of all dried, frozen and broken shoots. This is a must-have for forsythia care.At the same time, it is advised to leave a small "tail" of 5 cm, from which new shoots will go, which will affect the splendor of the bush. Formative pruning is carried out after flowering and consists in shortening the shoots by 1/3 or 2/3 of the length to give the bush a spherical or other shape. For old shrubs, rejuvenating pruning is carried out, cutting off old branches into a stump of 6 cm.Young flowering plants are best trimmed only slightly so as not to provoke excessive growth of shoots in subsequent years to the detriment of flowering. Strong shortening of shoots by 2/3 is carried out no more often than after 3 - 4 years, depending on the cultivated species.

Forsythia giraldiana - Forsythia Giralda

Reproduction methods

Forsythia reproduces vegetatively and seeds. The seed method is quite laborious, therefore, amateur gardeners for forsythia often choose vegetative propagation by cuttings and layering.

Reproduction by self-rooting layers is the simplest and most affordable way. To obtain full-fledged seedlings, after flowering, it is enough to select several shoots, bend and pin them to the ground, sprinkle with fertile soil and water well. By next spring, young seedlings can be separated from the mother plant and transplanted to a new place at the end of summer. Such seedlings will bloom in a year.

Cuttings are cut in June after flowering from a new growth, processed in a growth and root formation stimulator and planted in a cold greenhouse in wet sand with humus under a film or glass. The length of the cutting should contain 1 - 2 internodes. To reduce transpiration and desiccation of the cuttings, the lower leaves are broken off, and the upper ones are cut in half. Cuttings are planted quite rarely, leaving gaps of at least 5 cm. Further care for cuttings consists of 2 or 4 times daily watering and airing. By the end of summer, the cuttings take root and are ready to be transplanted into a garden bed or immediately to a permanent place. Shrubs obtained by cuttings will bloom in the 4th year.

Forsythia seeds are harvested in autumn, and in spring (March - April) they are sown in boxes with humus. Seedlings appear in a month, caring for them does not differ in any peculiarities, 5-centimeter seedlings dive into the greenhouse or immediately into the open ground on the garden bed. When sowing, take into account the very low germination of seeds. Plants obtained from seeds will bloom only in the 5th year.

Forsythia in landscape design

Forsythia is especially effective in early spring, when it turns into a bright yellow ball, and in autumn, when the leaves turn purple and golden. Classic compositions are composed with green conifers:

• thuja;
• juniper;
• blue spruce.

The ideal partner would be blue muscari, which also bloom early.
Forsythia is good in free single and group plantings and in the form of a hedge. It lends itself well to shaping, which helps to contain excessive growth.

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The bright bloom of forsythia (see photo) is one of the first signs of the long-awaited spring. The shrub is native to Asia, and has long been unknown in Europe. But, thanks to the scientist William Forsyth, a few centuries ago in European gardens, one could also observe rapid flowering.

Description.

The genus forsythia is represented by only 7 varieties, and they grow mainly in eastern countries and on the islands. But, in our latitudes, one species is cultivated - the European forsythia. She is one of all able to adapt to the peculiarities of the climate, and can easily endure frosty winters. The forsythia shrub is also called forsythia.

Forsythia is a small genus of shrubs and trees, numbering, as mentioned above, only 7 varieties. Plant height ranges from 1 to 3 meters. Stems are covered with alternate or opposite leaves, oval in shape, with jagged edges. The length of the leaf is from 5 to 15 cm.Some species have trifoliate leaves with stipules.

During the flowering period, the branches are covered with multiple flowers, which are painted in a bright yellow, sunny shade. The flowers are bell-shaped, medium-sized. The winged seeds ripen in small capsules. The flowering period is late March or early April. The flowering phase lasts from 2 weeks to 1 month.

Forsythy landing.

Growing a perennial shrub in your garden is not difficult. The plant is unpretentious and can grow anywhere. But, if you create favorable conditions for the shrub, you can enjoy the beauty of spring flowering for a long time. As a rule, during the flowering period of forsythia, other garden plants only make their way out of the soil, so growers prefer to plant shrubs next to needles, or with other evergreens, so that against their background the yellow flowering contrasts and looks more attractive.

It is advisable to choose a sunny plot. The soil for forsythia should be alkaline, light, and breathable. If the acidity of the soil is increased, Ph can be leveled with slaked lime or wood ash. For planting seedlings, they dig deep holes, up to 60 cm, add a layer of rubble under the root, water and drop the roots. After planting, the plant is watered every day for a week.

Forsythia care.

Even a beginner in gardening can take care of shrubs. All the plant needs is rare moisture, fertilization, mowing and loosening of the soil. If the winter was snowy, in the spring the bush is watered as needed, no more than once a week.

If the winter was dry and snowless, it is necessary to water it 2 times a week, while the shrub becomes overgrown with leaves and blooms. Before flowering, fertilize with rotted manure or other organic fertilizer. At the end of flowering, a complete mineral dressing is applied. At the end of summer, the shrub is fed again with liquid organic matter.

Reproduction.

The seed method can be used to propagate forsythia, but it is much easier to grow a new shrub from cuttings. You can cut the cuttings and leave them for rooting at any time of the year, except for winter. Seed-propagated shrubs take a very long time to grow and can only bloom in the third year.

Diseases.

Forsythia is resistant to disease. Sometimes shrubs are affected by fungal and viral infections, usually due to violations of the rules of care and cultivation. Bacteriosis and moniliosis are some of the most terrible problems that can even lead to the complete death of a bush. For prevention purposes, you can monitor the condition of the soil, observe agrotechnical rules and adhere to the irrigation regime.

Forsythia is a wonderful spring shrub that can bloom for many years with minimal requirements!

Forsythia photo

Forsythia - one of the most ancient shrubs belonging to the olive family.

With the onset of spring, it blooms one of the first among the other decorative cultures.

Its yellow flowers bloom before the leaves and delight with their flowering for 2-3 weeks.

Yellow flowers give way to green leaves, and in autumn they turn lilac-red.

…

Before planting this plant, you need to decide on its type, this is mainly depends on the climatein which the flower will grow.

Although all varieties of forsythia withstand frost up to - 10 degrees, many can freeze even under a winter shelter. And this subsequently has a bad effect on growth and flowering.

For example, Forsythia is greenest and hanging very susceptible to frost, it is better to grow them in the southern regions. Forsythia ovoid and European are the most frost-resistant species.

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Landing

Pits for planting this plant are prepared in advance.They are filled with the following composition: 1 part of humus, 1 part of sheet soil and 2 parts of sand.

If the acidity of the land on the site is increased, neutralized lime or chalk solution (300 - 400 g) or wood ash is added to each hole for planting (200 g).

Drainage is made of crushed stone and crushed bricks, the layer of which should be 15-20 cm. A layer of sand 6-8 cm is poured on top.

The distance between each plant should be 1.5 - 2 meters, the depth of the hole is 50 - 70 cm. Its parameters are 60x60 or 70x50 cm. It is better to plant forsythia in the fall, before frosts come.

When choosing a place, it should be borne in mind that the plant will bloom in a few years up to 3m in height and 2m in width.

Freshly planted shrubs are watered abundantly and a layer of mulch is laid (peat, humus, rotted foliage), the branches are tilted to the ground, fixed with wire and make a shelter for the plant so that it can overwinter and not freeze.

Moreover, you need to cover all types of forsythia. For these purposes, materials are used through which air penetrates. This is necessary so that the shoots and buds do not vomit during the thaw.

You can cover the bush with needles. In the spring, the material is removed from the plant, the branches are straightened, and the flooring is removed from the leaves.

Although you can plant a shrub in the spring. When buying seedlings, it is advisable to choose them with a closed rhizome. In this case, they will take root better.

Ideal drop-off location will be where there is a lot of sunshine. But also the plant should be away from drafts and wind.

But a slight partial shade will not harm the plant either. Many flower lovers prefer to plant forsythia in the country because of its unpretentiousness to watering. This is important if it is not always possible to water it in a timely manner.

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Care

In early spring, before flowering shrubs you need to feed mineral fertilizers - 1m270 grams.

When the plant has bloomed and the next flower buds are laid, you can use the kemiru wagon (100 grams per m²).

If there is enough rainfall, then additional watering for the forsythia is not necessary.

It is better adapted to dry weather than excess moisture.

But still, if in summer there is a long sultry weather without rain, then once a month the shrubs must be watered with 10 liters of water under each.

After watering, the soil around the flower is loosened and compost is added.

It should be carried out regularly weeding forsythia... When weeding, it is necessary to loosen the soil with one shovel bayonet. This allows air to freely penetrate to the roots and nourish them.

At the beginning of spring, it will be beneficial for the plant mulching the ground around manure, which at the same time will be a top dressing.

The plant is very resistant to pests and diseases... When wilting, it is sprayed with zineb or foundation.

If nematodes are found, then the soil around the forsythia is disinfected with carbation. With bacteriosis, the shrub is uprooted and removed.

Pruning

For the first year or two, the young shrub is not cut off, except that the shoots that have suffered from frost. An adult bush is also relieved of frozen branches in the spring.

The main pruning work occurs in the summer, when the flowering period ends. Branches that have faded are made half shorter.

Old or dried up branches are cut off and leave only 5-6 cm from the ground level, from them new lateral shoots will grow in the future.

By pruning, you can shape the plant into a ball or bowl, and control the density and height of the shrub.

To activate growth and make the forsythia more lush in the future, it is necessary to cut it by 2/3 or even shorter once every 3 years. This is a kind of anti-aging procedure.

From the base, young shoots are activated, the number of which will be greater than before.So that the shrub does not lose its decorative appearance, it must be pruned every 3 to 4 years. If this is not done, the branches will stretch out and bloom worse.

Circumcision is performed in several stages.:

• removal of old coarse branches under the base (1/4 of the total);
• cutting off dead branches and thinning thick bushes;
• shortening of faded shoots by ½ of their length, taking into account the decorative type of forsythia.

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Reproduction

The plant propagates quite simply - by layering, cuttings, and less often by seeds.

Layers

This method is most often used because of its simplicity.

If forsythia branches bend to the ground, and they will come into contact with it for a long time, then they will soon take root themselves.

But it is better to monitor the reproduction yourself and choose the best branch, bending it to the ground and digging it in.

It is necessary to cut the bark in the place where the branch is dug. In the spring, when the shoot takes root, it can be transplanted from the main bush to another location.

In a year, the young forsythia will already bloom.

Cuttings

This method is also quite simple. Can multiply lignified and young shoots... Young green cuttings are cut in early summer.

To begin with, they are kept in a solution from the root for some time, they are planted with a priest in specially prepared soil and covered with a film so that create greenhouse conditions.

Already in the fall, the cutting will take root and take root well.

At this time, it can be assigned to a permanent place and covered with a ball of dry foliage for the winter.

Lignified cuttings are cut for planting in the fall. Their length should be up to 18 cm. They are planted in the ground 10 cm deep. Several buds are left on the surface. In order for the plant to overwinter, it is covered with dry leaves.

Seeds

This method is rarely used. The percentage of seed germination in the region of 40%. Them sown in boxes with soil in spring... The first shoots appear in a month.

During the year, young shoots grow up to 6 cm. In the second year they can grow up to 30 cm, they can already be planted in open ground and left to winter under a thick layer of leaves.

The first flowering of such a shrub occurs in the 4-6th year of life.

Forsythia is a good option for gardeners and summer residents. With this shrub, you can create a vibrant colorful fence. In addition, having given it the desired decorative shape, you can organically fit it into the landscape design of any site.