Onion seeds planting and care in the open field

Many are accustomed to growing onion crops in a vegetative way - through sevok: this method practically does not cause any trouble. However, more and more gardeners are resorting to such a method as growing onions through seedlings is more troublesome, but economical. We will learn how to save money on buying seedlings and grow a healthy onion on our own in one season using seedling technology.

Growing onions from seeds

The savings when growing onions from seeds are tangible: if one kilogram of seed costs from 200 rubles, then a bag of seeds will cost you 7-10 rubles. Therefore, summer residents are increasingly resorting to the seedling method of obtaining onions in one season, especially since the onion grown from seeds has a stronger immunity to disease.

Preparing onion seeds for sowing seedlings

Onion seeds are sown for seedlings in February - March, depending on the climatic zone. Before sowing, we process them by carrying out the following procedures:

We disinfect

We place the achenes in a warm solution of potassium permanganate, diluting 1 gram of the product in 0.5 tbsp. water, wait 15 minutes and rinse with water.

Seeds of our own production are disinfected without fail, purchased ones - at will: they usually undergo such processing in advance.

We activate

For 8 hours we soak the achenes in a growth stimulator (Epin, Zircon, etc.), dissolving it according to the instructions in boiled water.

If using Epin, soak the seeds in the dark, as the drug loses its properties in the light.Zircon, on the other hand, becomes most active in the light.

Sowing substrate preparation

Before growing onion seeds and getting seedlings, we purchase boxes with holes in the bottoms and pallets, plus a fertile substrate. Instead of boxes, you can use cassettes: from them it is easier to plant seedlings in the ground. Then we do this:

• We fill the bottoms with drainage in the form of nutshells, charcoal, expanded clay or pieces of foam.
• We fill the boxes with a substrate with a layer of at least 15 cm and spill it with a disinfecting fungicide such as Gamair or Fitosporin.

We close the containers with polyethylene, leave for three days, and only then proceed to sowing hemicarps, moistening the soil if it has dried out.

Onions with seeds: correct planting

Growing onions through seedlings by sowing seeds is carried out using the following technology:

• We make grooves 1 cm deep with a row spacing of 3 cm.
• We sow the prepared achenes every centimeter.
• Sprinkle with a layer of substrate 0.5 cm and pour from a spray bottle.
• We put the boxes in bags and put them in the heat until the seeds germinate: the seedlings will appear in 7-12 days.

Onions with seeds: correct planting

With the emergence of sprouts, we remove the packages and remove the boxes on light windowsills, if necessary, illuminate with phytolamps. The temperature in places where the seedlings are standing should be no more than 25 degrees during the day, and no more than 15 at night.

Seedling care in boxes

Further care for seedlings obtained by growing onions from seeds is as follows:

• We constantly maintain the moisture of the soil, but do not fill it, so as not to rot the delicate plants.
• After 14 days from the day of emergence, we feed the seedlings with complex fertilizers.

In early May or a little later, when severe frosts stop, and at least three leaves are formed on the plants, we plant them in garden beds.

Planting onions in the garden and further care

Before planting onion seedlings in the ground, we spill the boxes with warm water so that the plants can be easily removed from the ground and not damaged. Cut off long roots, leaving 4 cm each.

Preparing the ridges for planting and planting seedlings

We prepare the ridges for planting and plant the seedlings in this way:

• We choose a site in a sunny, well-ventilated place with non-acidic soil. In the fall, we dig it up, flavored with humus or chicken droppings, rotted grass or compost.
• In the spring, before planting, we spill the ridges with hot water, level them and cover them with black covering material and polyethylene for three days.
• Spill the substrate with phytosporin solution and sprinkle with wood ash at the rate of a glass per m².
• We make furrows with a row spacing of 20 cm (or 30, if it is Exible or other large bow).

We plant seedlings every 10-15 cm and cover the ridges with lustrasil or other covering material at night to protect them from frost. In the northwestern regions, we additionally cover the plantings with polyethylene.

Planting onions in the garden and further care

Outdoor onion care

Before growing onion seeds or strong healthy bulbs, it is important to provide the seedlings with good care. It consists of the following procedures:

Loosen, water and weed

We remove weeds as they appear and loosen the substrate after watering and rains. We provide regular watering when the top layer dries up and stop watering in mid-July so as not to interfere with the ripening of the turnip.

Feeding

Twice a month we fertilize the substrate with granular mineral fertilizers: in April - June we add ammonium nitrate (a teaspoon per square meter), in early July - superphosphate (a tablespoon per square meter). Sprinkle ash on the ridges between dressings - for fertilization and protection from pests.

We avoid feeding with liquid organic matter, otherwise we will get rotten bulbs: we apply organic fertilizers only in the fall - when preparing the ridges for planting seedlings.

We get rid of

From July 15, we shake off the soil from the onions, exposing them by a third: this is necessary for the normal ripening of the bulbs.

Attention! If you want to harvest full-bodied, healthy bulbs, especially large varieties, never pick your greens!

We remove the onions grown through seedlings from the ridges when the foliage lies down and turns yellow by 2/3. In dry weather, you can dry the bulbs directly on the beds for several years, and then dry them in a ventilated area.

Removing onions from the beds

Now you know everything about growing onions through seedlings. Choose the right varieties, buy fresh seeds that are no more than a year old, and grow the vitamin onion on your own plot!

Onions are popular vegetable crops. It is added to salads, soups, meat and fish dishes. Therefore, in almost every summer cottage and personal plot you can see beds with plantings this vegetable. But in order to get a good harvest, you need to know how to properly plant and care for onions.

Planting onions

The crop can be grown in three ways:

1. From seeds in one year... This method of growing vegetables is suitable for areas with a warm climate.
2. From seed in two years... In a two-year culture, the plant is grown in areas with short summers.
3. Seedling method... This method is suitable for sweet and semi-spicy varieties of vegetables.

But before you start planting onions in open ground, you should prepare a site for it. The beds are recommended to be made in organic-rich, dry, sunny, open areas with neutral soil. If the soil is acidic, then it is preliminarily lime.

You can plant onions after tomatoes, green manure, peas, beans, cabbage crops, potatoes. After other types of onions, cucumbers, carrots and garlic, onions can be planted only after three years.

When planting in spring seed soil for planting is prepared in the fall:

1. Rotted manure or humus is added to the soil, and the bed is dug to a depth of fifteen to twenty centimeters. It is not recommended to add fresh manure, otherwise only greens will grow.
2. The acidic soil is mixed with limestone, ground chalk, wood ash or dolomite flour.
3. In the spring, before sowing seeds or planting seedlings, mineral fertilizers are introduced into the soil - potassium chloride, urea, superphosphate.

Growing onions from seeds

Semi-sweet and sweet varieties in warm climates can be grown from seeds in one year. The planting material is pre-processed, for which the seeds are placed in gauze, moistened and kept for swelling during the day.

A bed prepared for planting seeds is watered copper sulfate solution (for 10 liters of water - 1 tablespoon), after which seeds are placed into it to a depth of one and a half centimeters. The distance between the rows should be about thirteen centimeters, and between the seeds - one and a half centimeters. Crops are watered with water from a watering can with a shower head and covered with foil.

Crop care consists in timely moistening of the soil and daily airing of the plantings. When the seedlings appear, the shelter is removed. Seedlings must be thinned out so that there is a distance of two to three centimeters between the plants. The plantings are watered, and the soil around them is mulched with humus. This mulch will feed the plants, retain moisture and prevent weeds from growing. Once again, the seedlings must be thinned out three weeks after germination. The distance between them should be at least six to eight centimeters.

Growing seedlings

In early or mid-April, pre-treated onion seeds are sown thickly in soil-filled seedbeds. The planting material is placed at a depth of one centimeter, moisten from a spray bottle and cover with foil. After the shoots appear, the shelter is removed. Seedling care consists only in timely soil moisture.

In open ground, seedlings are planted at the age of fifty to sixty days. Before planting in the garden, the roots on the onions are recommended to be shortened by one third of the length.

Planting sevka

In regions with a short summer, in the first year, onion sets are grown on the beds, which are stored at home in winter and planted in the next spring on the beds for growing. Before planting, the onions must be sorted out, warmed up for seven days in the sun and held for ten minutes in a solution of copper sulfate.

Sevok is planted in the beds in May according to the following scheme:

1. The distance between the rows should be thirty centimeters.
2. The distance between the onions is from eight to ten centimeters.
3. Sevok should be planted to a depth of five centimeters.

When growing sets in the fall, you can get turnips, and in the summer - greens. To do this, the distance between plantings is five centimeters. During the summer, the onions are torn out through one and used as greenery.

Planting onions in the fall

To get the harvest already in July, the seed should be planted in the beds from the fifth to the twentieth of October. Before winter, only cold-resistant vegetable varieties are planted, which include variety Stuttgarten, Strigunovsky, Danilovksky and Arzamas varieties.

A bed for winter plantings should be done in sunny, elevated areas. Snow should melt on them before everyone else and water should not stagnate.

The soil for planting the sevka should still be warm. However, before frost, onions should not be planted, since the sevok can dry out.

The planting material is pre-sorted out and warmed up. Sevok is placed in the ground to a depth of five centimeters, in seven centimeters increments. The distance between the rows is about fifteen centimeters. The beds are covered with straw or spruce branches. As soon as the snow begins to melt in the spring, the shelter is removed.

Autumn planting sevka has its advantages:

1. After harvesting, another crop can be planted on the garden bed.
2. The onion fly is not afraid of autumn plantings, since they have time to get stronger by its appearance.
3. At home, the sevok dries quickly and is difficult to preserve until spring.

Onion care

When growing onions in open ground, it should be provided with timely watering, dressing and treatments from pests and diseases.

Onions should be watered once a week, using five to ten liters of water per square meter of planting. However, if it rains regularly in summer, then watering may not be necessary. Otherwise, in waterlogged soil, the onions will begin to rot. Learn about the condition of the soil can be green. If it becomes pale, then there is an excess of moisture in the soil. The bluish-white feathers indicate that the soil is dry. In July, the bulbs begin to ripen and watering is reduced.

When growing onions during the season, three additional fertilizing with organic fertilizers is carried out. You can use a solution of mullein, urea or bird droppings for this (for 10 liters of water - one glass of organic matter). One square meter of the garden bed is watered with three liters of solution. The first feeding is carried out after the greens appear. After two weeks, the plantings are fertilized a second time. The third time the plants are fed when the bulbs are about the size of a walnut.

When the greens of the onions reach a size of about fifteen centimeters, it is recommended to treat the plants with copper sulfate, which is good protection against many fungal diseases... To do this, the feathers are sprayed with a solution prepared from ten liters of water and a teaspoon of the drug.

Harvesting and storing onions

From about mid-August, when the bulbs grow to the required volume, the feathers lodge and new leaves stop forming, you can start harvesting. This should be done in warm, dry weather. If you skip the onion harvesting time, then it may start to grow again... These vegetables are not stored for a long time.

The collected bulbs are evenly laid out on the garden bed.When the onions are dry, they are freed from the ground and additionally dried in a dry room or in the sun. Dried vegetables should be examined carefully. Bulbs left without husks and spoiled are not suitable for long-term storage. Before you put vegetables in storage, you need to cut off the leaves. Only a neck about six centimeters long should remain. To increase the shelf life of the bulbs, the roots are cauterized.

It is recommended to store onion heads in a dry room with an air temperature slightly above 0 degrees. Since air must flow to the bulbs, they are stacked in stockings, baskets, nets or boxes. During storage, vegetables are regularly sorted out, removing bulbs that have begun to grow or rot.

You can store the crop in the apartment. In this case, you do not need to trim dry leaves on the plant. The container with vegetables is placed away from the batteries. The optimum air temperature should be from +18 to +20 degrees.

It is not recommended to store it along with other vegetables that need high humidity.

Onion pests and diseases

When growing onions in open ground, the following pests are most dangerous for the plant:

1. Onion moth. To prevent the appearance of these pests, weeds should be removed in a timely manner, crop rotation, agricultural technology should be observed and plant residues should be destroyed.
2. Onion fly. To prevent this pest from settling on onions, the vegetable is recommended plant in the same bed with carrots, the smell of which the onion fly is afraid.
3. Tobacco thrips. Pests are destroyed by Karbofos or Aktellik.
4. Caterpillars of the scoop. You can get rid of the caterpillars by treating the plantings with a solution of Gomelin or Bitoxibacillin.

Unfavorable growing conditions and mistakes in care can lead to damage to the onion with various diseases:

1. Fusarium is a disease that often appears on plants affected by onion flies. With fusarium, tissues die off at the bottom of the onions, and rot appears, after which the tips of the greens turn yellow. To avoid the appearance of this disease, the set is warmed up before planting at a temperature of forty degrees for ten hours.
2. Downy mildew - the disease can be recognized by a gray bloom on the leaves. Affected vegetables do not form seeds and do not store well. To avoid the appearance of powdery mildew, the sets are warmed up before planting. It is also necessary to ensure that the plantings are not thickened.
3. Gray rot - the disease occurs in rainy and damp weather. Diseased plants must be removed. For the purpose of prevention, the planting material is treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
4. White rot - acidic soil and excess nitrogen in the soil contribute to the appearance of the disease. Therefore, before planting vegetables, the acidic soil is limed, and fresh manure is not used to feed the onions. Diseased plants should be removed.
5. Mosaic is a viral disease in which the plant lags behind in growth, the seeds are almost not formed, the inflorescences become small, and the leaves turn yellow. Affected instances must be removed.
6. Neck rot is a disease that can only be detected after harvest. It manifests itself as mold on the outer scales of the bulbs. Neck rot develops under unfavorable growing conditions. To avoid its appearance, the seedlings before planting and the harvested bulbs are warmed up at a temperature of forty-five degrees. Most often, late varieties are affected by this disease.

Viral diseases of the plant are not cured, therefore, preventive measures must be used. To do this, it is recommended to observe crop rotation, not to make thickened plantings, regularly remove weeds and follow all agricultural techniques. Before planting, the onion sets can be warmed up and treated with copper sulfate.

Fungal diseases can be cured special fungicidal preparations. However, it is not recommended to use them, as the bulbs are capable of accumulating poisons.

Onions are an unpretentious plant that even a novice gardener can grow in his area. The popularity of this vegetable is due to the content of substances useful for the human body in it. Eating onions improves digestion and induces the secretion of gastric juice. In addition, the vegetable has a bactericidal, sedative and diuretic effect.

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Hello dear readers!

Let's continue the conversation about growing onions and in this article I want to tell you about growing onions from seeds.

There are three ways growing onions from seeds:

• first - we grow onion sets, and already from it the next year - turnip onions;
• the second - in one year, we get turnip onions directly from seeds, planting them either very early in spring, or by seedlings;
• the third is winter sowing.

But first of all, before we start sowing seeds, let's decide what varieties we will plant.

The method of cultivation and the timing of planting largely depend on this. Now in Russia there are more than 60 varieties of onions, which can be divided into two groups: varieties of northern origin and varieties of southern origin.

Northern varieties need 16-17 hours of day length to form a full-fledged bulb, while southern varieties need 13-14 hours long.

Therefore, if we plant northern varieties in the south, then we may not get the bulbs. Southern varieties require more heat and have a longer growing season.

Also keep in mind that northern onions taste spicier and can be stored very well until the next harvest if stored properly.

Southern varieties have excellent taste, but they are stored for a much shorter time.

Most of the Russian onion varieties are long day onions. These are such varieties as: Strigunovsky, Bessonovsky, Arzamassky, Myachkovsky, Danilovsky, Rostovsky, Odintsovets and others.

Of the varieties of foreign selection, I recommend - Stuttgarter Riesen, Globo, Densimore, F1 hybrid Bonus.
And if you want to grow salad onions, then you can plant such southern varieties as: Spanish-313, Karatalsky, Lugansky, Krasnodar G-35, Kabo.

Growing onion sets

In the previous article, questions about the basic requirements for growing onions and preparing a plot for onions were highlighted, so we will not return to them, but proceed directly to the pre-sowing preparation of seeds and their planting.

Landing dates. First of all, we decide on the landing date, this is one of the most important points. Sowing is carried out as soon as the soil allows, because even with a slight (especially in dry years) delay with sowing, both the field germination of seeds and the yield and quality of seedlings are reduced. In this case, onion sets ripen very poorly and, most importantly, are not stored for a long time.

In central Russia, planting is best done in the last decade of April, if the weather does not bring any surprises.

And one more thing, although it is believed that nigella (also called onion seeds) retains its germination without loss for 2 years, but I advise you to still use annual seeds.

Seed preparation. First of all, let's check the seeds for germination, for this we place a few pieces of seeds between layers of damp cloth and put in a warm place. If after a while sprouts appear, then you can start preparing for sowing.

Next, we determine whether treatment is necessary for our seeds: the seeds that we buy in specialized stores have basically all already been disinfected (although there are exceptions), but the seeds that you yourself have grown, it is advisable to treat with any fungicidal dressing agents.

Or you can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate for this and keep the seeds in it for one day. It is very good to warm up the seeds for 30 minutes in hot water with a temperature of about 50 degrees, and also soak them in aloe juice for 30-40 minutes.

To speed up the emergence of seedlings (onion seeds germinate very slowly), soak the seeds in water at room temperature. This must be done 3-4 days before sowing.

Pour the seeds into a cloth bag, filling it in half, tie it and put it in water for 30-35 hours. During this period of time, we change the water 3-4 times.

Then we sprinkle the already swollen seeds with a thin layer on a damp cloth, cover them on top with a second layer of damp cloth and leave them warm.

After two days, the seeds will begin to hatch and you can start sowing, but after we dry the nigella a little so that it becomes free-flowing, we mix it with chalk so that the seeds are better visible on the dark ground.

Sowing seeds. Sowing is carried out in a belt manner on a bed about 1 meter wide with very loose soil. Loose soil when sowing nigella is necessary because it will be very difficult for an onion sprout, which has the shape of a loop, to break through to the surface if we have dense soil or if we deeply bury the seeds in the ground.

In this regard, we sow seeds in grooves with a depth of 1.5-2 cm. It is advisable to maintain the distance between the seeds 1-1.5 cm.

The seeding rate of seeds is very important, since the growing season of the seed, as well as the quantity and quality of the crop, depends on it.

If we sow seeds rarely, then a large seed (samples) will grow, which will not have enough time for ripening.

If we sow the seeds often, we will get an immature small seed (non-standard), which is poorly stored and begins to germinate early.

Then we carefully close the grooves, compact the soil so that there are no air chambers between it and the seeds.

We mulch a bed with sown onion seeds with peat or humus with a layer of about 2 cm, and then water it carefully, trying not to blur the planting.

After that, it is advisable to cover the bed with plastic wrap in order to create a favorable water and air regime for the early germination of seeds. After emergence, the film must be removed.

Crop care. First of all, you need to carefully monitor so that a soil crust does not form and remove all weeds in a timely manner. If we have weeds on crops during the germination period, then the yield of onions decreases to 50%, and the ripening of the bulbs is very noticeably delayed.

With the formation of a soil crust, onion shoots are sparse and uneven, which also leads to a decrease in yield and a deterioration in its quality.

Sometimes weeds appear before onion shoots and there may be a danger of destruction of onion seedlings when weeding and loosening.

To prevent this, it is very good to add a little lettuce or radish seeds to the nigella seeds when sowing. They will come up first and show us the location of the onion rows, and after the onion shoots, the beacon plants can be removed.

When the seedlings have 1-2 true leaves, we carry out the first thinning of crops in highly thickened places, leaving 1.5-2 cm between the plants.We carry out the second thinning after the formation of 3-4 leaves and leave a distance of 4-6 cm between the plants.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that both weeding and thinning should not be delayed in any case, since otherwise thickening accelerates the formation of bulbs, the plants do not have time to form a sufficient number of leaves and the bulbs are small.

Water the onion plantings 1-2 times a week, provided the weather is dry, and only in the first half of the growing season (May - June). Then we stop watering, as the bulbs are ripening.

And 1 week before harvesting, it is recommended to carry out foliar dressing of crops with potash fertilizer, as this contributes to better ripening of the seedlings.

Harvesting, preparation for storage and storage features. We start harvesting onion sets in the second half of July - August (depending on the weather), as soon as the leaves turn yellow by a third of the height.

You can read about harvesting onions and preparing them for storage in the previous article on onions.

It is necessary to store the grown onion sets in different ways, depending on its size. Therefore, the first step is to sort it into small ones with a diameter of up to 1.0 cm, medium - 1.5-2.5 cm and large - more than 3 cm.

Sevok is best stored in cloth bags and in a dry, well-ventilated area. For shallow seedlings, the optimal storage temperature is 0 ° C, because since it tends to dry out, at a higher temperature such onions can completely die.

The problem of storing small sets (non-standard) can be solved by planting it before winter, because it does not shoot under any conditions and can give an excellent harvest of turnip onions.

Medium and large seedlings keep well at room temperature (up to 18 ° C). At higher or lower storage temperatures, the onion sets may go to the arrow after planting.

Onion-turnip from seeds in one year

It is quite possible to grow onions from seeds in one year. Our resourceful summer residents have learned to do this very successfully, using two methods: firstly, the early spring thickened sowing of seeds; secondly, it is growing through seedlings.

The most suitable varieties for such onion cultivation are considered Myachkovsky, Strigunovsky and Odintsovets... The varieties are also good Russian size and Exibition, which have very large bulbs (350 g, and sometimes up to 500 g) of a delicate, sweet taste.

Now let's take a closer look at each method.

Early spring landing. Early varieties are most suitable for growing onions in this way, and onions grown in this way will not be stored for so long, so it is best to use them first.

It is recommended to start sowing around April 20-25 (we look at the weather). We warm the seeds, disinfect, germinate and sow very early on the beds prepared in the fall.

The beds should be covered with plastic wrap in advance so that the ground warms up well before planting the seeds.

On the day of planting, we remove the film from the garden, make grooves and spill them with hot water. Then we spread the seeds, sprinkle them with humus or compost, compact the soil and cover the bed again with foil.

We remove the film from the garden only when shoots appear.

Further planting care is the same as for onions, which we grow from sets. The only difference is the need for planting thinning.

The first time the onion should be thinned when it reaches 7-10 cm. The second thinning is carried out after 3 weeks and the third - 2-3 weeks after the second.

As a result, the distance between the bulbs should be about 10 cm. With this method of growing onions, it is very important that the bulbs have time to fully ripen.

To somehow speed up this process, you can do the following:

• In the second half of the growing season, undo the bulbs so that they are half above the ground.
• Pull the bulbs slightly by the feather, as if lifting them in the ground, or slightly prune the roots with a shovel.

With these actions, the process of supply of nutrients from the leaves to the bulbs is significantly accelerated and their ripening is faster.

Some summer residents, in order to accelerate ripening, crush onion leaves, but this method is dangerous because pathogenic bacteria or pests can get into the neck of the bulb.

With this method of planting, it is quite possible that not only onions will grow from seeds, but also onions and onions. Therefore, after harvesting and drying the onion, it must be sorted into large (more than 4 cm), medium (3-4 cm) and small (up to 3 cm).

Then we leave large bulbs for winter storage; medium onions must be consumed first, they are also suitable for forcing green onions; small bulbs (sets) we leave for storage for spring plantings.

Onions through seedlings. Growing onions through seedlings is, of course, troublesome, but not difficult.But there are many advantages: firstly, the onion ripens perfectly by the fall, not at all worse than planted with a set; secondly, at the same time, we get a yield twice as large as when sowing seeds directly into open ground.

We sow seeds for seedlings at the end of February - the first half of March. We grow onion seedlings at home in boxes, seedling pots or other containers with a height of at least 10 cm.

The main condition is that the walls of the containers should not be transparent, as light will interfere with the development of the root system.

Seeds can be sown into 1 cm deep grooves or simply planted densely over the entire area of ​​the container.

Then we cover them with a layer of earth (1 cm) on top, slightly compact, carefully water (preferably from a spray bottle, so as not to wash the seeds out of the soil) with warm water and put the container in a warm place (22-25 ° C), covered with a film.

After about 10-15 days, shoots begin to appear and the film is removed. After the emergence of sprouts (loops), we put the containers with seedlings in the brightest place, while it is desirable to maintain the air temperature at 9-12 ° C for 3-5 days.

Then it is recommended to increase the temperature to 15-20 ° C during the day and 10-12 ° C at night. If the air temperature in the room is higher, then regular ventilation is necessary so that the seedlings do not stretch out and do not get sick with a black leg.

In addition, if the seedlings grew at an elevated temperature, then later, when planted in the ground, they do not take root well.

Water the seedlings of onions sparingly, do not overmoisten the soil. Before planting the seedlings in the ground, we feed it two times, but if it grows strong and healthy, then you can feed it once.

We carry out the first feeding one week after germination, and the second two weeks after the first.

A solution for dressing can be prepared from both mineral fertilizers and mullein infusion by stirring in water in a ratio of 1: 6.

We feed very carefully - little by little.

At the age of about 60 days, the seedlings can already be planted in the garden. By this time, it becomes strong, has a developed root system, 3-4 true leaves and a thickness of 3-4 mm at the base.

Usually, onion seedlings are planted in the vegetable garden from May 1 to May 10, depending on the weather in the region and on the condition of the soil. She is not afraid of small frosts.

The best time to plant is in the afternoon, when the air temperature is already starting to drop. Before transplanting, water the seedlings well, then carefully remove each plant from the ground.

If the roots are long, then they need to be shortened a little, by about one third. This is done so that when planting, the roots do not bend upwards, since the plant survival rate decreases.

We plant onions in rows with a distance between plants of 8-10 cm, between rows - 20-25 cm.If you are planting large varieties of onions, it is better to adhere to the scheme of 30x30 cm.Immediately after planting, we water the garden well.

Later, during the first week, until the plants take root, we water every day, keeping the earth moist. Then watering should be carried out as the soil dries out.

The following agrotechnical measures are no different from those that are used in the cultivation of onions in other ways, namely: weeding, watering, loosening, feeding, harvesting.

On this, perhaps, the article will end. In it, I told you about growing onions from seeds in two ways: with a two-year culture - we grow onion sets, and already from it the next year - onion-turnip and one-year old - in one year we get turnip onions directly from the seeds, planting them either very early spring, or seedlings.

We will talk about the third method - sowing podzimm - in one of the subsequent articles.

See you soon, dear readers!

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Tags: onion

Chives, chives, Siberian onions, chives are a perennial plant of the Onion family.In the natural environment, it grows in India, Asia, European countries, and is widespread on the coast of the North Sea.

What is the difference between chives bow

Chives are grown for feathers. The bulb is covered with special membranous membranes, due to which the culture successfully hibernates in open ground. In early spring, when the snow melts, it is enough to clear the area of ​​old leaves - and young shoots will not be long in coming. Do not pinch the greens (the bush will start to hurt), but cut with scissors. Then water to make new greens appear faster.

Leaves-feathers are fragrant, will give a delicate taste to any dish. They are rich in useful substances: phytoncides (capable of preventing the spread of infections), amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, methionine), contain a huge amount of vitamin C, mineral salts. Eating chives onions helps to normalize the functioning of the kidneys and heart.

In addition, chives are a honey plant and a real decoration of the site, often planted as an ornamental flowering culture.

Another advantage of chives is the ability to grow greens indoors on a windowsill.

Preparing a site for planting chives

What does a chives onion look like?

Chives will grow well in a well-lit area, but the leaves stay tender for longer when shaded. The ideal planting site is partial shade, where it is cooler and more humid.

The best predecessors: cucumbers, radishes, potatoes, tomatoes; not desirable neighborhood with beets, cabbage, legumes.

The soil must be cultivated in order to obtain rich and stable yields. Dig up the area 2-3 weeks before planting. If the soil is heavy, clayey, apply fertilizers (humus or compost) for digging.

How to grow chives from seeds outdoors

Chives are propagated by seeds and vegetatively.

The culture is cold-resistant, therefore, sowing seeds can be carried out directly into open ground without growing seedlings.

When to sow chives in the ground

Spring sowing spend in April-May. Soak the seeds in warm water or, better, manganese solution before planting. Sow into grooves. Cover the seeds to a depth of 1 cm. Maintain a row spacing of 30 cm.

Seedlings will appear in 7-10 days. When 1 leaf is formed, thin out the plantings, leaving a distance between individual plants of 8-10 cm, when the onion grows up, it is thinned out to a distance of 25-30 cm (extra bushes are transplanted).

Sowing before winter spend in November - you do not need to pre-process the seeds, they will undergo natural stratification in the soil. The seeding depth should be 2 cm. It is better to roll the crops, mulch with peat or humus.

Onion chives growing from seeds for seedlings in a snail photo and video

When to sow chives for seedlings? Sowing is done in March. It is very convenient to plant onion chives with seeds in a snail: this is a good time and space saving on the windowsill. Seeds are placed every 1-2 cm and lightly sprinkled with earth on top. The video shows how to twist a snail for seedlings:

Further care for seedlings in a snail is very simple: you need to moisten the ground from a spray gun and provide bright diffused lighting. Seedlings are constantly pruned at a height of 10 cm and grown until early May, when they can be planted in the ground. Before planting in the ground, the seedlings are hardened for 10-12 days.

Seedlings of onion chives are very convenient to grow in a snail photo

The garden bed is prepared in advance, the soil is loosened well. Furrows are made 10 cm deep, watered and sprinkled with soil. Onion chives seedlings are planted in such grooves at a distance of 25-30 cm, watered moderately.

Dividing the chives onion bush

Over time, the plantings grow strongly, the yield decreases. Every 3-5 years, it is necessary to divide the bushes. You can plant it in spring or autumn. Water the bush abundantly, dig to a depth of 12-15 cm, remove the plant from the soil, divide it into several parts (at least 8 bulbs in each), plant, keeping a distance of about 30 cm.Water well, when planting in the fall, it is advisable to mulch with peat.

How to care for chives outdoors

Weeding and watering

In the first year after sowing, the sprouts need weeding from weeds, loosening the soil. Over time, the bush grows - the need for these measures disappears.

Water frequently, abundantly, but avoid waterlogging. From a lack of watering, taste is lost. In this case, cut off the "not tasty" leaves, then adjust the watering.

Top dressing

After the first cut, the plant should be fed. One of the following options can be added to 1 m² of area: 1 glass of ash each; manure solution (1 part per 15 liters of water); chicken manure solution (1 part per 20 liters of water). After adding organic matter, rinse the bushes with clean water. You can use mineral fertilizers.

Depending on the degree of depletion of plants, add 40 to 100 g of kemira, azofoska or nitrophoska per 1 m². If the soil is fertile, one top dressing is enough. Feed the depleted soils with mineral fertilizers after the 2nd and 3rd cut.

Harvesting

How to cut chives photo

During the season, 2-3 cuts are carried out, sometimes - 4. The cut is carried out when the leaves reach a length of 25-40 cm. The last cut should be carried out no later than the second half of September, so that the bushes have time to get stronger by winter.

The bulbs are also suitable for human consumption - with annual cultivation, cuttings are carried out during the season, and the bulbs are dug up in the spring of next year.

Chives varieties

Consider varieties ideal for successful cultivation in temperate latitudes:

Onion chives Bohemia photo

Bohemia - gives a bountiful harvest, is resistant to diseases, grows well in one place for about 5 years.

Onion chives honey plant photo

Honey plant - grown as a perennial plant, practically does not suffer from diseases.

Chemal is a spicy variety, grown as a 1-2 year old plant, subject to powdery mildew.

Onion Schnitt Elvi photo

Elvi - peduncles are white.

Diseases and pests of onion chives

The culture is rarely exposed to diseases and pests. Possible diseases: rust, powdery mildew; potential pests: moth-mining onion fly.

Preventive measures will help to avoid troubles:

• Seed pretreatment
• Short-term (for 10 minutes) placing the bulbs before planting in water at a temperature of 45 ° C
• Keep the excavated cuttings under bright sunlight for several hours.

Cut off plant areas affected by diseases and dispose of. If pests appear, spill the soil with saline, after 3-4 hours, be sure to pour clean water.

    The simplest and most proven scheme for growing onions with seeds looks like this: in the first year, we grow onion sets from seeds. In the second year, we grow onions from the set.

If you start growing onion seedlings in early spring in an apartment on a windowsill, then you can have time to grow everything in one season.

Growing onion sets from seeds

Sevok can be grown from seeds. The onion seeds are black in color and therefore they are all called "nigella". When growing onions with seeds, it must be borne in mind that the seeds can be stored for no more than 3 - 4 years and they have a very poor germination capacity.

    How to sow. Before sowing, it is advisable to soak the seeds in a growth stimulator for several hours. After that, wrap them in a damp cloth and keep them there until they hatch. Then the seeds are sown in the previously prepared grooves. Furrows are made with a depth of 2 - 3 cm, the distance between them is 20 cm.

Seedlings will appear in 8 - 10 days, they will resemble a long loop. After germination, be sure to weed, otherwise these loops will rise and will be very similar to ordinary grass.

    What to feed. When seedlings appear, make the first feeding with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. It can be an infusion of mullein or talkers (infusion of herbs), and after the appearance of three true leaves, feed it with a complex min. fertilizer.

Please note: when growing onions with seeds, you can only feed the crops until mid-June. Water as needed, but not often. From the middle of June, watering and feeding the onions is no longer necessary.

Sevok is grown from such seeds.

    Crop care. Seed onions are a completely cold-resistant plant and can be sown in open ground already at the end of April - beginning of May. Make crops thickened, because the blackberry has poor germination. It is best to thin out the plantings as you grow. It is necessary to thin out at least two times. At first, leave a distance of 1 cm between the shoots, and during the second thinning 5 cm.

When the feathers begin to fall on the ground, the onions can be scooped up and dried. To dry, the ray is tied in small bunches and suspended with the roots up. After drying, small bulbs with a diameter of less than 1 cm are sorted out and rejected. Such bulbs are difficult to preserve in winter, they dry out and become unsuitable for planting.

Such a trifle can be planted before winter. They are planted in October to a depth of 3-4 cm. Many of them will perish in winter, and greens for food will grow from those remaining in early spring.

For large, good onions, the roots and dried feathers are trimmed and stored.

Another way to grow onions

They sow nigella in a different way. First, they get rid of the weeds in the garden. To do this, in early spring, cover the garden with old plastic wrap. When weed shoots appear, remove the film and loosen the soil well. Do not cover the bed at night with foil, the weeds will die overnight. Repeat this procedure one more time. After this double treatment, there will be no weeds in the top layer of the earth.

It is now impossible to dig up such a bed. When digging, weed seeds from the lower layers of the earth will again fall to the top and sprout.

Make grooves (2 - 3 cm) and 10 - 12 cm from each other with the handle of a shovel. Spill these furrows with a potassium permanganate solution to disinfect the soil. Then a solution of calcium nitrate (3 tablespoons per bucket of water). Mix 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nigella seeds and 1 tbsp. spoon of AVA fertilizer (dust fraction), add a glass of river sand there. Sow the resulting mixture into the grooves as if you were salt them.

    At first glance, this method of growing onions with seeds seems complicated and even confusing. But as a result, we do not have to fight weeds, feed onions, thin out crops. We did everything at landing.

Before the emergence of shoots, the bed must be covered with a film, and after the emergence of shoots, change it to lutrasil. Until June, the bed should be covered with lutrasil, you can even water it over the shelter. At the beginning of June, the covering material is removed and in the future onions are grown as usual.

Onion from onion sevka

Growing onions

How to process sevok before planting. Before planting, the onion sets are processed as follows: Fold it in a plastic bag and sprinkle it with karbofos. Then hold it for 30 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate. The onions are then ready for planting.

When to plant sevok. A small onion can be planted on May 8-10, and a larger one a little later.

How to plant. Sevok is planted at a distance of 10 cm between the onions. A distance of 15 - 20 cm is left between the rows, in order to make it more convenient to loosen the soil. Before planting, make grooves 3-4 cm deep and partially sprinkle them with sand. Onions are laid out in them and lightly sprinkled with earth.

When planting, place one AVA fertilizer under each bulb, then no additional fertilizing is required.

    Growing onions. The arrows that appear must be removed immediately. You cannot cut feathers on greens, for this you should plant a separate bed.

It is necessary to water the onion at the root; it is not recommended to pour water on the leaves. It is even better to water between rows, water will still get into the root zone, and the onions themselves will remain dry. Watering is necessary only in dry weather and in the first half of summer.In the second half, it is much more important to loosen the beds, and in rainy weather it is better to cover the onion plantings with foil.

Planting sevka.

    Harvest. When the feathers of the grown onions turn yellow and fall (usually in August), you can start harvesting. The collected onions must be dried, sorted out, cut off the dry feathers and only then put away for storage.

How to grow onions from seeds in one season

If desired, you can grow onions from seeds in one season. For this, seeds are sown at the end of February in boxes with soil. The row spacing is left 5 cm each, the temperature for seed germination should be within + 25 * C. When shoots appear, the box with seedlings can be put on the windowsill, there will be quite suitable conditions for it.

At the end of April, onions grow 3 - 4 feathers 10 - 15 cm high. When planting seedlings in ridges, they maintain a distance of 5 cm in a row and 30 - 40 cm between rows. Before planting seedlings, the leaves are shortened by a third and the roots are cut to two centimeters.

The soil around the seedlings is carefully compacted. A few days after planting, the plants are watered and loosened up the soil. Further care is the same as described above.

This is how the seedlings are grown on the windowsill.

    I must say that onions grown by seeds in one season are rarely of good quality. Most often, it does not have time to ripen properly and therefore is poorly stored in winter.

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Today our conversation will be about growing onions from seeds.

Many people think that growing onion seedlings is a bit of a tricky business. But this is not difficult, I assure you !!!

To make everything work out, we adhere to all the rules.

Seedling onions are the best option, they allow you to grow a good harvest.

Growing onion seedlings from seeds at home.

This requires:

• choose seeds;

• prepare the soil in advance;

• containers for seedlings: pots, box.

• polyethylene film.

   

Basic rules for growing onion seedlings:

• for these purposes, semi-sharp, sweet varieties are needed;

• sow onion seeds at the end of February;

• before sowing, we soak the seeds (like pepper seeds) for 8-10 hours in warm water, the water temperature should be 30-35 degrees.

• then dry the seeds thoroughly.

• for one square meter, the planting rate is 20 grams;

• then cover with plastic wrap for excellent germination. We remove the film from time to time to provide the seeds with air;

• after planting, water the seed, weed them;

• after two months, onion seedlings, like pepper seedlings, are planted in the ground;

• before disembarking the root, cut the top a little.

Pros of growing through seedlings

The best way to grow onions is through seedlings. In this way we grow onions in all regions of the country, with our favorite climate. Another very significant plus of this method is economy.

 

Basically growing onions from seeds we spend in large beds. If the beds are small, we also collect a fairly large harvest of onions from them. When using the seedling technique, we spend 3-4 times less seeds than with direct cultivation, and the yield is much higher.

Many gardeners use this method to grow the following types of onions:

• Krasnodar;

• kaba;

• karatal.

• lover;

• the globe;

• exibition;

• Mavka;

• amphora.

These varieties yield yields in the first year.

Another important plus of this method is that it does not require strong actions, is low-cost, and the result exceeds all expectations.

When using this method, we avoid small plants, which contributes to the good ripening of the bulbs. After harvest, the bulbs can survive for approximately nine months, neither germinate nor rot.

At home, we grow onions by this process, now you can constantly pamper yourself, loved ones with fresh onions.

Growing onions from seeds in one season.

 

To grow onions, you need to wait a season - two, but luckily there was a way to do this in one season.

In order to get a bulb in one season, early varieties of onion hybrids are needed. We use mid-season varieties that are already "accustomed" to our climate.

Very popular varieties:

• stuttgarter;

• sissy;

• alonso F1.

Onions love to bask in the warm rays of the sun, so they need the best sunny side of your site.

To prevent the bulbs from rotting, we do not plant onions for a couple of seasons in a row, in one place. It must take at least five years to plant the seed back in the garden. This way you will have an excellent onion crop.

Onions growing from seeds, when to plant?

Onion seedlings are planted in April, after the formation of the third leaf. We prepare the soil in the fall, fertilize, form rows. Then we outline the pits, plant the onions. From time to time we fertilize with organic and mineral fertilizers. Water the onions as soon as the earth dries up. We harvest in August, early September. To preserve the onion for a long time, dry thoroughly beforehand.

Thanks to the latest technology, there are already different varieties to grow onions from seeds - from sowing to harvesting in one season.

Types of onions

There are many types of onions that are not alike in taste, appearance, cultivation technology, and care.

The most common varieties of onions:

Chives bow

 

A magnificent plant, grows in any climate conditions, the green part is used.

Chives bow. Growing from seeds produced in small quantities. The sprouts are kept at -3-4 degrees. Due to their resistance to frost, onions are harvested before the beginning of January.

• chives are grown from seeds. We plant in open soil, in greenhouses. Onions growing from seed, when to plant? We plant in early spring 50 * 25 centimeters, just try to sow it before winter. We grow it as one - two - or a perennial plant.

• We often water chives onions, fertilize them with organic, mineral fertilizers.

• chives - does not form an onion. In addition to other species, it has many leaves, a powerful root system.

• chives contain many flavors, carotene, vitamin C.

Globo onion, Exible seed growing

These are new varieties - giants, of medium ripeness, grown from seeds. The weight of one onion reaches up to 1 kg. One of the largest hybrids. Sweet taste. They are odorless. Luke Globo and Exible are excellently grown from seed in open land through seedlings.

 

Onion growing from seeds

This is the most popular, favorite variety. Unpretentious, winter-hardy, high-yielding. Batun onion is a perennial plant that sprouts in one place for about 5 years. Grown for feathers. Instead of an ordinary bulb, it has a false bulb (thickened stem). Propagated from seed or by dividing the root.

 

• The seed ripens on the peduncle, then they must be collected or they are sown themselves.

• We plant the seed in a nutritious soil well-lit by the sun. Batun requires space for a large number of sheets. Sow the seed from each other - 15 cm, between the rows - half a meter.

• For the first time, we begin to cut feathers at the beginning of May. Has tasty, fragrant greens, we collect herbs for the season. In the fall, we do not touch the greens, as the culture is preparing for winter.

• growing batun onions as an annual plant, we sow seeds at the end of April. At the beginning of September, there will be the first juicy, tasty harvest of leaves.

• We plant a biennial plant at the end of July. As soon as the cold weather sets in, the seedlings will sprout and get stronger. Next year, from mid-summer to October, enjoy the greenery from your private plot.

• Batun onion is resistant to drought, frost, diseases, therefore it is very valuable.

Leek growing from seed

A very famous plant species, it ranks third among all onion varieties. Growing technology - seeds. It grows well after sowing. Before sowing, disinfect the seed - put it in hot, then cold water in turn. To germinate much earlier, place the seeds on a damp gauze, in a warm place for three days, dry them a little. We do this procedure with seeds collected from the site. Purchased - no need to germinate. We sow seeds - in the second half of May.

 

Growing leeks from seeds for the winter

Suitable for regions with cool climates. Sow seeds for seedlings in boxes. Sowing time: end of February - mid-April, in a bed under a film. If in winter, then illuminate the plant for twelve hours in a row (the place of dislocation is a windowsill, a heated greenhouse) at a temperature of 23-25 ​​degrees. Cover with cling film until grown.

1. when shoots appear, remove the cover, lower the temperature to seventeen degrees. We will increase in a week to twenty degrees.

2. the right temperature will provide you with a good, high-quality harvest.

3. compost is an impeccable fertilizer for such a crop. To grow the root, from time to time, the grown greens are pruned at the level of ten centimeters.

4. before planting, we ventilate the seedlings, plant them in fertile soil 15 * 25 cm in May. Put compost in each hole. Before planting, shorten the leaves and the root system by a third.

5. watering fertile land during growth. We feed leeks with poultry droppings 1:20 or mullein diluted with water 1: 8.

6. this plant is in good harmony with carrots, we alternate planting beds. Carrots are a helper against an onion fly attack. We also plant leeks with strawberries, celery, beets.

Stuttgarten onions are grown from seeds.

Grown for greenery, onion, sets. High productivity, it lies without losses for a long time. Weight - 50-84 grams. It tastes spicy, but you can eat. Sow the seed in late April, harvest in August.

 

Stuttgarten risen onion cultivation from seeds. It is very simple to care for him, the main thing is not to damage the roots. We loosen the soil with a depth of 2-3 centimeters. In the first month, we monitor the humidity. We water 6 liters per square meter once a week. We feed the mullein 2-3 times a season, when 2-3 leaves grow and when the bulb is like a walnut. We bend the greens in July. This will allow the bulb to grow. As soon as the neck of the bulb is soft, start harvesting. If you miss this moment, then after 8-10 days it will be unusable.

Onions for greens growing from seeds - in early spring, at the end of winter, in general, you can sow for the winter. We sow the onion in 5-6 rows, the distance between them is 20 centimeters, the depth is 1-2 centimeters. Pre-soak the seeds, plant them swollen. We prepare the soil in the fall, loosen it before planting. We take care of onions in good faith, from time to time - we feed, water, remove weeds and loosen the ground. As you know, in the spring you want fresh vitamins and minerals. So let's get it right, and you will soon have fresh onion feathers that are much healthier than the bulb itself.

Chalcedony

 

Onions of medium ripeness, ripening period 3.5-4 months. High yield, grown with bulb seeds. One season will give you about five kilograms of onions from one square meter. Chalcedony onions are yellow, spicy in taste, round in shape, perfectly preserved from April to May, try to prepare salted onions.

Shaman onion variety

He has an elongated bulb 10-12 centimeters, brown-red. Thanks to this shape, we get a huge harvest from a small area, it is easier to cut into circles. We sow a seed in March, we grow seedlings, it is perfectly preserved for a long time.

Centaur - onion variety

Sweet taste. It is of a middle kind of ripeness, an annual, 95-106 days pass from the beginning of sunrise to the inclination of the feathers.Round, dense, mass from seeds - 80-100 grams, weight through seedlings - 250-300 grams. Dry scales of a dark yellow color. Juicy scales are white-cream. Harvest 10 kg per square meter. The variety is hardy to bad conditions, high-yielding, suitable for long storage without loss, ideal for making pickled onions.

Red braunschweig

 
Semi-hot, sweet taste. Weight 100-120 grams. Medium ripeness (from germination to feather tilt 95-118 days), annual, grown from seed. The shape is flat, round, dense. Dry scales of a dark red color. Juicy scales of white-pink color. Better to plant seedlings. The variety is resistant to diseases, the bulb is formed in one season, a good harvest.

Albion F1 - onion variety

Grown from seed over the summer. The bulb is pure white 3.5 centimeters, excellent semi-sharp taste. Early ripeness, not subject to long-term storage. We sow seeds in the ground at the end of April - beginning of May, pre-soak for 2-3 days in water, then for 8-12 hours in potassium permanganate.

Spirit F1 - onion variety

A very tasty, quickly ripe, fruitful hybrid, the onion is perfectly preserved. We sow seeds at the end of April. Loves warmth, does not spoil very quickly.

Oval - a variety of onions

It ripens 120-130 days after all sunrises, forms a bulb from seeds per year about 250 grams. In our area, it is better to grow seedlings.

Alice onion variety

Annual, we grow through seedlings. Keeps perfectly. Medium ripeness variety of onions for long storage, has a high yield. The bulb is dense, medium-sized, round, weighing 130-150 grams. Pleasant, not very spicy taste, white onion. The husk is strong, firmly attached to the bulb, yellow. At the same time it ripens, has a favorable harvest, is resistant to diseases.

Water from pests with "tea":

Take a branch of bitter wormwood, a branch of aconite, dandelion leaves, a tomato (several small stepsons), hot peppers (2-3 large ground peppercorns). We put these components in a bucket, pour boiling water, insist for one day, strain. We dilute one, two liters of "tea" with a bucket of water (10 liters) and water the earth. Water a couple of times in one season.

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Growing onions: advice from gardeners

Onions have been known to mankind for a very long time, and many dishes without it would simply lose their exquisite and unique taste.

Having appeared more than 4 thousand years ago in Ancient Egypt, this tasty and healthy vegetable remains a favorite among the crops grown on its own plot by gardeners today.

But we hasten to note that the cultivation of turnip onions from sets can be carried out not only for our own needs, but also in order to make a profit. What does the process of growing onions look like, and what are the features of its agricultural technology?

Process features

The onion business, like growing it for your own needs, requires certain knowledge.

If we talk about growing this crop as a business, then many gardeners come to this decision because it attracts not only the fertility of the plant, but also small initial cash investments in such a small business, as well as the year-round need of consumers for onions. If you understand all the nuances of the growing process, you can easily turn it from an ordinary truck gardening into a good business. What are the features of such a process that should be taken into account by both ordinary summer residents and those who seriously decide, after reading our article, to start their own small business?

It should be borne in mind that it is important for onions to choose a loose and nutritious soil. It is best to prefer a normally lit area for planting it.

This should not be neglected, since experts say that it is the length of natural daylight hours that is of great importance for the proper growth and full development of this vegetable crop.

Also, do not forget about moderate soil moisture. Watering the plant should be carried out during the period of intensive growth, after which the onion does not need water.

Pay attention to the groundwater - they should be located in an area far from the surface. During the cultivation process, you need to regularly weed the beds so that they do not overgrow with weeds.

If you are planning a business or growing onions for yourself, take care of planting it after such predecessors as tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers. It is not recommended to plant this vegetable crop where onions used to grow, as well as garlic or carrots.

Consider the fact that onions react negatively to soils with an increased level of acidity, on which it may become ill with downy mildew or poor absorption of nutrients. Our video will tell you about the features of the process in more detail.

The key advantage of growing onions as a business is their growth in almost any climatic zone. Also, when organizing their business, gardeners are convinced that caring for this vegetable does not require too much effort.

Growing technique

Today, such methods of growing onions are known - sowing seeds in the ground, seedling method, sowing seedlings and vegetative way (it is also called multi-bud onion).

If we talk about the regions of our country, it is worth noting that residents of the southern regions of Russia prefer to grow turnip seeds by sowing seeds, and in the middle lane they use the seedling method or plant sets on turnip.

The vegetative method is most often used only by residents of the northern regions of our country.

What does the technology of growing everyone's favorite vegetable look like, which will be useful to those who decide to go into business? The first step is to decide on the choice of a good quality onion variety and prepare the soil for planting.

In the autumn preparation of the land, it is necessary not only to get rid of weeds, but also to feed it with superphosphate, and also to dig it up. In early spring, the cultivation technology involves pre-planting soil fertilization.

To do this, you need humus, which is brought in at the rate of about 6 kg per square meter. After that, the beds are dug up and formed.

Complex fertilizing is also scattered on them - nitroammophoska and wood ash have proven themselves perfectly. The soil is still spilled with a solution of copper sulfate, after which it is covered with a film before planting the seedlings.

Our video will tell you in more detail about the technique of growing onions.

The cultivation of onions traditionally takes place in several stages - in the first year it is customary to sow seeds, which are called nigella, in the second year they plant onion sets obtained from it.

And already in the third year, in order to get seeds, you can plant adult bulbs. Most often, our gardeners prefer to grow onions from seed sets, which today can be grown independently from seeds or purchased in specialized stores.

This is the agricultural technique of everyone's favorite vegetable, which takes pride of place in our diet.

Sowing black onions

It is customary to call nigella seeds of onions, from which sevok is then obtained - small-sized bulbs for growing them in a two-year-old plant. Its sowing technology is not as complicated as it might seem to inexperienced gardeners at first glance.

To begin with, you should select large bulbs, which are placed in the ground in early spring. Planting before winter is also possible, while mulch is also formed on the beds for protection.

In the summer, umbrellas with small black seeds appear from such bulbs.

It is strongly recommended to plant dill and calendula on the onion bed, while the former will be able to prevent the appearance of pests, and the latter will not let the plants get sick with nematodes. To prevent the appearance of a dangerous onion fly, it is possible to grow carrots in the vicinity of nigella.

What is the agricultural technique of the chernushka? All weeds and their roots must be removed before sowing. The best predecessors for nigella are cucumbers, peas, cabbage, potatoes, beans.

If, in the process of growing them, the land received a sufficient amount of manure, then when sowing nigella, you can do without making - both compost and humus.

If the soil for sowing turns out to be sufficiently moist, then nigella may not be germinated before planting. The technology of sowing nigella allows you to plant it both in rows and randomly.

Seeds should not be buried too deep in the soil - it is enough for them to be placed 2 cm from the surface.

Proper watering of the beds must be carried out before seedlings emerge.

If you are dealing with a clayey or floating type of soil, then the crust that appears on the surface must be loosened without fail in order to allow the sprouts to hatch normally. For the first time, it is necessary to thin out seedlings after emergence.

It is advised to leave a distance of at least 2 cm between the seedlings. Then, during the second thinning, it should be increased to 6 cm. All watering should be stopped about 20 days before harvesting nigella.

Experts advise cultivating such onion varieties as Belovezhsky, Yantarny, Spassky, Strigunovsky, Stuttgarten, Myachkovsky, Bessonovsky through nigella. Our video will best tell you about growing nigella.

How to grow from sevka

Growing onions from sets, which are obtained from nigella, is nowadays the most popular method among gardeners in all regions of Russia.

But most of all, this method is suitable for residents of the northern regions, where, due to the peculiarities of the climate, the bulbs do not have the opportunity to ripen normally.

That is why the cultivation of onions from seeds is so relevant and practically the only possible for them. This onion has almost 100% germination.

Before planting it, like the nigella, should be sorted out. It is best to plant bulbs up to 2.5 cm in size. The sevok that you have grown yourself does not need to be preheated.

If you bought it in a store, be sure to place it in a cardboard box on a battery before planting, the warm-up time is at least 8 hours. Also, the sowing must be soaked in a complex mineral fertilizer - such as nitroammofoska.

It should be dissolved in 10 liters of water. Processing time is up to 10 hours. Growth stimulants, such as Epin, Zircon, Humisol, have also proven themselves well.

It is also recommended to disinfect Sevok, and a solution of copper sulfate will help you with this at the rate of 1 teaspoon of the product per 10 liters of water.

So that the bow does not go into the arrow, it is necessary to plant it at a time when the ambient temperature rises to +10 degrees. There are some features of sevka agricultural technology.

In the northern regions of the country, it is advised to plant it at the end of May, and in the middle lane this time falls in the middle of the month. Sowing should be carried out in rows, the distance between which is left somewhere 20 cm.

And between the bulbs themselves, you need to leave up to 10 cm. Be sure to dip the root of the bulbs in wood ash. After planting, the bulb should ideally be at a depth of about 6 cm. After planting, the soil should be sprinkled with peat.

The first shoots should be expected after a week. This is, in brief, the agricultural technique of sevka, a video about the planting of which you can watch here.

Care

Caring for the onions that you grow either for yourself or in order to establish a business and receive a stable income includes several important steps. At least twice a week, you need to provide your beds with sufficient moisture.

Regular watering should be reduced only after a period of intensive crop growth. And a couple of weeks before harvesting, they should be stopped altogether. Also, the soil must be loosened, and do it as often as possible.

In order for the bulbs to have the opportunity to grow well, after they become medium in size, it is recommended to shake off the soil from them. Proper care also includes weeding. It is on the beds overgrown with weeds that conditions favorable for the development of fungal infections are created.

And the onion may well grow too thick a neck, and then it will not be easy to dry it.

Planting care also involves feeding with organic and other fertilizers. For the first time, it is carried out two weeks after planting the seedlings. Of organic fertilizers, poultry manure, mullein, ammonium nitrate have proven themselves well.

The first two products should be used at the rate of 1 liter per 10 liters of water, and nitrate take about 30 grams. The second time, with proper care, fertilizers are applied after 2-3 weeks.

To do this, it is best to take chicken manure or mullein, to which superphosphate and potassium dressing are added - about 30 grams of each product.

A third fertilization is needed when the bulbs are at their maximum size. To do this, it is advised to use the Fertilizer fertilizer with 1 tablespoon of superphosphate dissolved in 10 liters of water.

Another important step in the care is the treatment with a solution of copper sulfate - 1 teaspoon of the product, 1 tablespoon of liquid soap per 10 liters of water. This is the best prevention of the development of fungus in onion plants.

Processing is carried out at the rate of half a liter of solution per square meter. A mixture of tobacco dust and wood ash is also well suited for this purpose.

Source

How to plant onions correctly so that large bulbs grow

Onions are a vegetable that almost every summer resident grows. In cooking, these sweet or spicy fruits are simply indispensable, because in some recipes, onions are the main ingredient.

Before planting seeds in a summer cottage and collecting a good harvest, you need to know what kind of soil the onion loves, what temperature is suitable for planting seedlings in open ground and how to properly plant an onion crop in order to enjoy high yields at the end of the season.

Let's take a look at each stage separately, let's start, perhaps, with the soil and its autumn preparation.

Preparing the soil for spring planting

Before doing land work, you need to choose a place for planting small bulbs.

As many gardeners know, bulbs love warmth and light, in the shade the plant will quickly wither and the fruits will be small, so when choosing a site, give preference to the beds in the middle of the garden, next to which there are no trees and no buildings. Found such a place? Great, now you need to check if the soil in the garden is suitable for growing onions. To do this, it is better to use a litmus paper. She will determine the type of soil in no time. It will be very good if your land is sandy or sandy. It is in it that the onion develops a powerful root system and is able to ripen faster before harvesting.

In the fall, the onion bed must be fertilized with ripe manure or ash. There are many nutrients in these components, therefore, it is advisable to apply humus for 1 square meter of 6 kg of fertilizer.

Dig up the entire bed to a depth of 20 cm, remembering to remove weeds and other debris that will come across during digging.

After fertilization, level the topsoil with a rake and leave it alone until spring.

Attention! Preparing the garden is an important point, it is on this operation that the yield of fruits depends.

In the spring, as soon as the snow melts and it will be possible to go out into the garden, it is recommended to re-dig the area under the onion so that the nutrients are evenly distributed over the top layer of the earth.

Now it remains to prepare the onions for planting, wait for the optimal temperature for heating the soil, plant the crops in open ground and take care of the plant to obtain a juicy, large harvest.

Preparation of planting material

Do not rush to plant onions in the spring, because in order for the seed germination to be almost 100%, you need to sort out and process the onions with special solutions that will protect the crop from diseases and pests.

So, first sort out the low-quality planting material, removing all damaged, dry and diseased specimens. Distribute a good set in different piles in diameter.

This will allow you to grow your turnips evenly.

After sorting, hold each group for about three days at a temperature of 35 degrees, if this is not possible, then simply ignite the onion for about 4 hours at 40 degrees in the oven.

Processing onions before planting thus activates metabolic processes and improves germination.

After drying, transfer the seedlings to diluted fertilizer for 1/3 days, then dip the seedlings in a weak manganese solution for 5-10 minutes, rinse the onions under running water and you can safely plant the onions on an unprotected surface.

How to properly plant onions on a turnip

You have already done the basic procedures, prepared the seedlings and dug up the garden. Now is the time to plant the onion in open ground.

In order for the planting process to be successful and soon juicy green feathers appeared on the beds, you need to choose a time when the soil warms up to 12 degrees and will be able to accept "tenants".

Usually, spring planting falls in the third decade of April or the first decade of May. For farming, it is better to choose cloudy, dry weather and you need to start from the land plot.

You already know how to prepare a bed for seeding, all that remains is to make holes or grooves and plant the planting material. In the first and second options, it is important to follow these rules:

• the distance from sevka to sevka should be at least 15 cm;
• the distance between rows should not exceed 30 cm;
• the planting depth of the seedling is 7-10 cm.

After planting, be sure to water the beds with settled water at room temperature.

If you planted the seedlings too close, then after a while, thin out the rows, otherwise the plant will not have enough nutrients during the growing season, the growth of the bulbs will noticeably deteriorate and it is likely that the root system of the turnips will become entangled with each other.

Planting onions in July

If you want to harvest the onion twice in the summer, we recommend planting a second set in July. However, this option is only suitable for southern cities, where the summer season ends in mid or late September.

In order for the onion to grow, you need to use only early ripening varieties, which will just finish ripening by the end of August. How to plant onions in July? The same as in May.

The soaked seed is sown in the prepared grooves and, after the leaves appear, the usual care of the plant begins.

Sowing with seeds

It is known that onions are a perennial plant, so you can get a turnip only in the second or third year. However, some gardeners buy sets and grow onions in one season.

Other summer residents grow onions by planting seeds in the ground, this process delays the harvest, but you can grow high-quality seedlings, which next year will bring large fruits of onion heads.

Seeds are also recommended to be processed before planting, and how to do this correctly - we will now find out.

First, soak the seeds in warm water for a day. Soaking the onions in a convenient container before planting will help you sort out empty seeds. It is they who will end up on the surface of the bowl, and the good ones will settle to the bottom of the dish.

After 24 hours, drain the water from the container along with the floating seeds, they will definitely not be useful to us, because there will be no benefit from them. Transfer the rest of the planting material to gauze or cotton cloth, remove in the shade until crumbly.

Then process the seeds with a manganese solution and dry them again. The onion seeds are ready for planting.

Attention! If there is no manganese, and you do not know what to soak the onion in before planting, use copper sulfate, after dissolving the crystals in water.

For sowing seeds, make grooves in the garden bed, 2-4 cm deep.Leave the row spacing from 10 to 30 cm.

Then pour plenty of hot water over the depressions for antibacterial soil treatment and sow the seeds 1 to 3 cm apart. Water the bed again with room temperature water, cover it with foil. After the appearance of the first leaves, the need for shelter will disappear.

Outdoor onion care

How to properly care for this plant is known mainly to experienced gardeners, but we want to remind you once again what care is. First of all, the onion needs moisture, so water it once a week with plenty of settled water.

If the summer turned out to be dry, then increase watering up to two times in 7 days. In general, make sure that the ground is always slightly moistened and then problems with growing onions will not begin.

After each "water" procedure, loosen the top layer of soil, so as not to violate air permeability. Do not forget to remove weeds and process the onions with copper sulfate to prevent infection with fungal and viral diseases.

For the entire growing season, feed the plant three times with organic or mineral fertilizers.

Attention! In July, watering is gradually reduced so that the onions have time to ripen before harvesting.

Chinese way of growing bulbs

Planting onions in the Chinese way has become popular only because of the high yield of fruits, whose sizes can break all records. First of all, prepare the beds, or rather the ridges.

Raise each ridge by 15-20 cm, leave a distance of at least 30 cm between the rows.

Now prepare the material for planting, for this, spread the set on a baking sheet in one layer and heat it in the oven for 12 hours at 40 degrees.

Then remove the husk from the set, cut off the dry neck and soak the material in warm water for a day. What to soak onions before planting for better germination? In water with slurry. Such a solution will saturate the seedlings with nitrogen, and the plant will grow better. Then you can plant the onions in the ground.

To know when to plant onions using the Chinese method, you need to distribute the onions into fractions before processing the seedlings. The first group, which has not reached a diameter of 10 mm, is best planted before winter.

The second is 15 mm, ideal for planting in spring, namely in early April. The third is 20 mm, it is advisable to plant in early May, the rest of the sets are suitable only for forcing onions on a feather.

The sevok has been prepared, let's now see how to plant onions in the Chinese way, and how to properly care for the seedlings so that there are large bulbs.

Stick the onions 2-3 cm into the moistened grooves, sprinkle with earth and lightly tamp the top layer with your hands. Water the ridge liberally. Loosen the ground by re-circulating air.

It is advisable to carry out the procedure early in the morning, while the sun does not bake as much as during the day.

During cultivation, turnips will need simple maintenance, which consists of watering weekly, removing weeds, loosening the soil, and applying fertilizers.

It is also worth noting that three weeks before harvesting (usually in July), gradually stop watering, free the turnip from the ground by half, and leave only the root system in the ground a week before harvesting.

Have you tried the Chinese way of growing bulbs?

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How to plant winter onions?

Winter varieties mean planting a plant for the winter.

Therefore, let's find out how to prepare the soil, what fertilizers are best to apply before planting an onion crop, is it possible to plant seedlings a week before frost, how to care for the plant before mulching, and in general, when to plant onions in order to harvest green feathers in early spring, and get juicy turnip.

The plant should be planted one month before frost.

This framework was not set for nothing, because if the sevok does not acquire a root system before the arrival of cold weather, then the plant will die, and if green feathers make their way through the soil ahead of time, this can lead to early shooting.

Therefore, it is so important to know the exact date of planting, given your climate. In areas with short summers, planting is best done in mid or late August. In the southern regions, onions can be planted in the fall, but no later than mid-October.

In order not to disrupt the crop rotation, choose a non-shaded garden on the sunny side, where vegetables such as zucchini, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas, potatoes or legumes previously grew.

Dig up the selected place with 6 kg humus and 20 g superphosphate per 1 sq. m.

Form grooves on each bed, 5-8 cm deep, the distance between which should not be less than 25 cm.

Before planting the seedlings, sort out, sift out the spoiled material, divide the rest into piles by diameter, for sowing before winter, an onion with a diameter of no more than a centimeter is ideal, the rest of the material is subject to spring cultivation.

Process the sevok in rose water with the addition of a potassium permanganate crystal or use boric acid. Keep the planting material in the prepared solutions for about 2 hours, then rinse them with water.

Next, dip it into a growth stimulator and plant it in the grooves, leaving a distance of 10-15 cm between the onions. Sprinkle the onion with earth and pour plenty of water.

In addition to sevka, you can also plant seeds.

To do this, fill the planting material with water for a couple of hours, then remove the seeds floating on the surface, they are empty and will not give a crop, dip the settled seed into a growth accelerator, transfer it to gauze or cotton material. Dry until friable and plant them in grooves to a depth of no more than 3.5 cm, leave a distance between sowing 5-10 cm.

Attention! Before winter, the material planted on time develops immunity to onion flies and to shooting.

Until late autumn, take care of the plant, water, loosen the soil, remove weeds and mulch the topsoil in mid-autumn.

As mulch, you can use: cut grass, spruce needles, compost, sawdust, nettles, bark, wood chips or other materials that you have at home.

By the way, rotting straw is also well suited for mulching, it slows down the growth of the plant, but it is better to lay it on the garden bed after strengthening the root system.

Now you shouldn't have any questions about how to plant onions in the fall or spring, because our detailed instructions will help you choose the right place for the garden, sets or seeds for planting, and take proper care of the plant. Considering our recommendations, your efforts will not be in vain, and at the end of the season, you will rejoice in the harvest.

Onions: three ways of growing, after which you can plant, plant and care for onions in the open field

Onions are popular vegetable crops. It is added to salads, soups, meat and fish dishes.

Therefore, in almost every summer cottage and personal plot you can see beds with plantings this vegetable.

But in order to get a good harvest, you need to know how to properly plant and care for onions.

The crop can be grown in three ways:

1. From seeds in one year... This method of growing vegetables is suitable for areas with a warm climate.
2. From seed in two years... In a two-year culture, the plant is grown in areas with short summers.
3. Seedling way... This method is suitable for sweet and semi-spicy varieties of vegetables.

But before you start planting onions in open ground, you should prepare a site for it. The beds are recommended to be made in organic-rich, dry, sunny, open areas with neutral soil. If the soil is acidic, then it is preliminarily lime.

You can plant onions after tomatoes, green manure, peas, beans, cabbage crops, potatoes.After other types of onions, cucumbers, carrots and garlic, onions can be planted only after three years.

When planting in spring seed soil for planting is prepared in autumn:

1. Rotted manure or humus is added to the soil, and the bed is dug to a depth of fifteen to twenty centimeters. It is not recommended to add fresh manure, otherwise only greens will grow.
2. The acidic soil is mixed with limestone, ground chalk, wood ash or dolomite flour.
3. In the spring, before sowing seeds or planting seedlings, mineral fertilizers are introduced into the soil - potassium chloride, urea, superphosphate.

Growing onions from seeds

Semi-sweet and sweet varieties in warm climates can be grown from seeds in one year. The planting material is pre-processed, for which the seeds are placed in gauze, moistened and kept for swelling for a day.

A bed prepared for planting seeds is watered copper sulfate solution (for 10 liters of water - 1 tablespoon), after which seeds are placed into it to a depth of one and a half centimeters. The distance between the rows should be about thirteen centimeters, and between the seeds - one and a half centimeters. Crops are watered with water from a watering can with a shower head and covered with foil.

Crop care consists in timely moistening of the soil and daily airing of the plantings. When the seedlings appear, the shelter is removed. Seedlings must be thinned out so that there is a distance of two to three centimeters between the plants.

The plantings are watered, and the soil around them is mulched with humus. This mulch will feed the plants, retain moisture and prevent weeds from growing. Once again, the seedlings must be thinned out three weeks after germination.

The distance between them should be at least six to eight centimeters.

Growing seedlings

In early or mid-April, pre-treated onion seeds are sown thickly in soil-filled seedbeds.

The planting material is placed at a depth of one centimeter, moisten from a spray bottle and cover with foil. After the shoots appear, the shelter is removed.

Seedling care consists only in timely soil moisture.

In open ground, seedlings are planted at the age of fifty to sixty days. Before planting in the garden, the roots on the onions are recommended to be shortened by one third of the length.

Planting sevka

In regions with a short summer, in the first year, onion sets are grown on the beds, which are stored at home in winter and planted in the next spring on the beds for growing. Before planting, the onions must be sorted out, warmed up for seven days in the sun and held for ten minutes in a solution of copper sulfate.

Sevok is planted in the beds in May according to the following scheme:

1. The distance between the rows should be thirty centimeters.
2. The distance between the onions is from eight to ten centimeters.
3. Sevok should be planted to a depth of five centimeters.

When growing sets in the fall, you can get turnips, and in the summer - greens. For this, the distance between the landings is five centimeters. During the summer, the onions are torn out through one and used as greenery.

Planting onions in the fall

To get a harvest already in July, the seed should be planted in the beds from the fifth to the twentieth of October. Before winter, only cold-resistant vegetable varieties are planted, which include variety Stuttgarten, Strigunovsky, Danilovksky and Arzamas varieties.

A bed for winter plantings should be done in sunny, elevated areas. Snow should melt on them before everyone else and water should not stagnate.

The soil for planting the sevka should be still warm. However, before frost, onions should not be planted, since the sevok can dry out.

The planting material is pre-sorted out and warmed up. Sevok is placed in the ground to a depth of five centimeters, in seven centimeters increments.

The distance between the rows is about fifteen centimeters.The beds are covered with straw or spruce branches.

As soon as the snow begins to melt in the spring, the shelter is removed.

Autumn planting sevka has its advantages:

1. After harvesting, another crop can be planted on the garden bed.
2. The onion fly is not afraid of autumn plantings, since they have time to get stronger by its appearance.
3. At home, the sevok dries quickly and is difficult to preserve until spring.

Onion care

When growing onions in open ground, it should be provided with timely watering, dressing and treatments from pests and diseases.

Onions should be watered once a week, using five to ten liters of water per square meter of planting. However, if it rains regularly in summer, then watering may not be necessary.

Otherwise, in waterlogged soil, the onions will begin to rot. Learn about the condition of the soil can be green. If it becomes pale, then there is an excess of moisture in the soil. The bluish-white feathers indicate that the soil is dry.

In July, the bulbs begin to ripen and watering is reduced.

When growing onions during the season, three additional fertilizing with organic fertilizers are carried out. You can use a solution of mullein, urea or bird droppings for this (for 10 liters of water - one glass of organic matter).

One square meter of the garden bed is watered with three liters of solution. The first feeding is carried out after the greens appear. Two weeks later, the plantings are fertilized a second time.

The third time, the plants are fed when the onions are about the size of a walnut.

When the greens of the onions reach a size of about fifteen centimeters, it is recommended to treat the plants with copper sulfate, which is good protection against many fungal diseases... To do this, the feathers are sprayed with a solution prepared from ten liters of water and a teaspoon of the drug.

Harvesting and storing onions

From about mid-August, when the bulbs grow to the required volume, the feathers lodge and new leaves stop forming, you can start harvesting. This should be done in warm, dry weather. If you skip the onion harvesting time, then it may start to grow again... These vegetables are not stored for a long time.

The collected bulbs are evenly laid out on the garden bed. When the onions are dry, they are freed from the ground and additionally dried in a dry room or in the sun. Dried vegetables should be examined carefully.

The husked and spoiled bulbs are not suitable for long-term storage. Before you put vegetables for storage, you need to cut off the leaves. Only a neck about six centimeters long should remain.

To increase the shelf life of the bulbs, the roots are cauterized.

It is recommended to store onion heads in a dry room with an air temperature slightly above 0 degrees. Since air must flow to the bulbs, they are stacked in stockings, baskets, nets or boxes. During storage, vegetables are regularly sorted out, removing bulbs that have begun to grow or rot.

You can store the crop in the apartment. In this case, you do not need to trim dry leaves on the plant. The container with vegetables is placed away from the batteries. The optimum air temperature should be from +18 to +20 degrees.

It is not recommended to store it along with other vegetables that need high humidity.

Onion pests and diseases

When growing onions in open ground, the following pests are most dangerous for the plant:

1. Onion moth. To prevent the appearance of these pests, weeds should be removed in a timely manner, crop rotation, agricultural technology should be observed and plant residues should be destroyed.
2. Onion fly. To prevent this pest from settling on onions, the vegetable is recommended plant in the same bed with carrots, the smell of which the onion fly is afraid.
3. Tobacco thrips. Pests are destroyed by Karbofos or Aktellik.
4. Caterpillars of the scoop. You can get rid of the caterpillars by treating the plantings with a solution of Gomelin or Bitoxibacillin.

Unfavorable growing conditions and mistakes in care can lead to damage to the onion with various diseases:

1. Fusarium is a disease that often appears on plants affected by onion flies. With fusarium, tissues die off at the bottom of the onions, and rot appears, after which the tips of the greens turn yellow. To avoid the appearance of this disease, the set is warmed up before planting at a temperature of forty degrees for ten hours.
2. Downy mildew - the disease can be recognized by a gray bloom on the leaves. Affected vegetables do not form seeds and do not store well. To avoid the appearance of powdery mildew, the sets are warmed up before planting. It is also necessary to ensure that the plantings are not thickened.
3. Gray rot - the disease occurs in rainy and damp weather. Diseased plants must be removed. For the purpose of prevention, the planting material is treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
4. White rot - acidic soil and excess nitrogen in the soil contribute to the appearance of the disease. Therefore, before planting vegetables, the acidic soil is limed, and fresh manure is not used to feed the onions. Diseased plants should be removed.
5. Mosaic is a viral disease in which the plant lags behind in growth, the seeds are almost not formed, the inflorescences become small, and the leaves turn yellow. Affected instances must be removed.
6. Neck rot is a disease that can only be detected after harvest. It manifests itself as mold on the outer scales of the bulbs. Neck rot develops under unfavorable conditions for growing plants. To avoid its appearance, the seedlings before planting and the harvested bulbs are warmed up at a temperature of forty-five degrees. Most often, late varieties are affected by this disease.

Viral diseases of the plant are not cured, therefore, preventive measures must be used.

To do this, it is recommended to observe crop rotation, not to make thickened plantings, regularly remove weeds and follow all agricultural techniques.

Before planting, the onion sets can be warmed up and treated with copper sulfate.

Fungal diseases can be cured special fungicidal preparations. However, it is not recommended to use them, as the bulbs are capable of accumulating poisons.

Onions are an unpretentious plant that even a novice gardener can grow in his area.

The popularity of this vegetable is due to the content of substances useful for the human body in it. Eating onions improves digestion and induces the secretion of gastric juice.

In addition, the vegetable has a bactericidal, sedative and diuretic effect.

How to plant onion sets - advice from experienced gardeners +

Choosing a landing site and forming a bed

Usually, onion sets are planted in the spring, when the weather is already warm and the soil has warmed up enough - approximately the beginning - mid-May (depending on the weather and the region). In the meantime, you have time to prepare the garden.

In the second half of April, it is worth going out to the garden and, after looking around, determine the most illuminated area, which will be sunny most of the day without shade from neighboring trees, fences or buildings.

And it is better if this place is on a hill, and not in a lowland, where rain and melt waters often stagnate even on sandy soils. Further, on one of the fine days, when the earth dries up a little and stops sticking, you can start studying the soil.

It is enough to dig a few times to approximately determine the type of soil:

• lump is heavy and sticks strongly to the shovel - clay soil (by adding 2-3 buckets of coarse sand and peat, you can improve soil drainage and make it suitable for onions)
• if the earth is easily knocked off by a shovel - most likely sandy loam soil or loam (both options are quite acceptable for cultivation);

• but when the soil simply crumbles, without forming lumps and lumps, then it is sandstone (compost or humus must be added, because such organic matter not only provides planting with nutrients, but also helps to retain moisture in the ground).

The acidity of the soil can also be determined without special means and preparations.

Look around what weeds are growing on the site, you noticed - horsetail, horse sorrel, plantain - these are acidic soils, and for the successful cultivation of onions, chalk or lime should be added to the allocated area (about 1-2 kg per 1 square meter of land).

If nettle, clover, woodlice, wheatgrass are more common, then these are slightly acidic soils, but the common bindweed, shepherd's purse, adonis or euphorbia speak of neutral acidity.

Even novice gardeners are aware of the need for soil fertility.

But organics recommended in specialized articles: fresh manure, rotted mullein, and even the contents of compost heaps - garden beginners are often puzzled: "Where to get all this and how to work with it?" Therefore, let's do it easier: if you doubt the fertility of the soil - before planting onion sets and digging up a garden bed, prepare fertilizers yourself.

Chopped (without roots and seeds) weeds are suitable as organic matter - the same nettle, dandelion, tansy or shepherd's purse.

You can also buy a ready-made concentrate of natural peat-based fertilizer - Humate, which, according to the instructions, is also scattered before digging.

And as a mineral supplement, get nitroammofoska - a complex preparation containing both the necessary nitrogen, and potassium, and phosphates.

It is impossible to introduce simultaneously means that reduce the acidity of the soil (wood ash, chalk, lime) and organic matter, since their interaction leads to a decrease in nitrogen in the soil, which is so necessary for growing crops. It is better to carry out these events in two stages - in autumn and spring.

Having dug up the area chosen under the onion, you need to form a garden bed. Its size depends on the planting method and the number of sets.

Following the advice of experienced gardeners, it makes sense to organize mixed plantings, alternating rows of onions with carrots, beets or berry plantings.

And such cultivation is really useful: in addition to saving space on the site, the plants will protect each other from pests and prevent the spread of diseases.

And for a novice gardener, this is an opportunity to try your hand and grow several crops at once without unnecessary "labor feats" and care.

Therefore, we prepare the bed, observing the recommended sowing rates: the distance between the rows is about 20-15 cm, and between the bulbs - at least 7-10, depending on the size of the seed.

Preparation of planting material

Growing onions from seed sets is undoubtedly the most convenient, efficient and fastest way to harvest. It is quite simple to purchase planting material - sets are sold of various varieties, sizes, shapes.

At the same time, the expected yield of turnip bulbs may differ in weight, taste, expected shelf life and their use.

And if everyone has their own taste preferences, then the size is worth mentioning: qualified gardeners prefer to buy a smaller set, because in this case the number of bulbs in the unit of weight or volume sold will be greater.

But on the other hand, under unfavorable conditions or inadequate care, it is difficult to grow full-fledged, large bulbs from such "small fry", especially if there is not enough experience. Therefore, we recommend for beginners to plant larger sevok so as not to be disappointed in gardening business at the first attempts.

Before planting an onion, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures aimed at enhancing its vitality and preventing diseases.

1. Sevok is heated in hot water (t 35-40 ° C) with the addition of a pink solution of potassium permanganate or any suitable fungicide (antifungal drugs sold in flower or gardening shops). This will not only kill possible infections, but also reduce the likelihood of "shooting" the bow in the future.
2. Now it is dipped in a salty solution for 1.5-2 hours (a glass of salt per liter of water) so that the pests cannot “feast on” the future harvest.
3. When everything is done, the set must be rinsed. Then, if the bulbs have underdeveloped or too dry roots, they are kept in a rooting stimulator (you can buy a ready-made preparation in the store or make it yourself: for 1 liter of water + 2 tablespoons of honey + 2 tablespoons of aloe juice).

The seed prepared in this way is already sufficiently saturated with moisture, disinfected and ready for the beginning of the growing season. You can start planting according to seeding rates and in pre-marked rows.

Care, watering and feeding before harvesting

In about a week, the first green shoots will appear on the garden bed, and soon the even rows of the onion will need care. You just have to regularly pull out weeds and, in dry weather, water the garden.

As top dressing, if you did not manage to "get hold of" the infusion of mullein or bird droppings, you can use the same that you introduced into the soil before planting.

Crushed greens (cut grass, tops, cut young twigs, weeds, even with seeds) are poured into any container, filled to the brim with water and left to ferment for 5-7 days.

After that, the infusion is filtered and added during watering at the rate of 1 liter per bucket of water. If there is no time to mess around with grass, then you can use organic Humate powder as fertilizer according to the instructions.

That's all the simple care.

Two weeks before the expected harvest (when the green part of the onion turned yellow and began to lie down), all watering is stopped, and the drying soil is carefully raked off with a hoe or hands so that the bulbs ripen in the sun.

In order not to miss the moment of cleaning, you need to check the condition of the turnip - pull out one and look at its roots - they should begin to dry out.

But if new white roots have appeared, this means that the plant is entering the next growing season, which cannot be allowed, because the taste of the onion is lost and its keeping quality decreases.

The harvested crop is transferred to the shade under a canopy, where there is good air circulation. There, the bulbs remain until the greens, roots are completely dry and dense yellowish scales are formed. When the onions are dry, they are stored in the basement or pantry.

• Evgeny