Onions on a feather planting and care in the open field in spring

Plucking a bunch of green onions in early spring is a delight. For the owner of a country house or summer cottage, it is easy to get a feather for greenery. A polycarbonate greenhouse will speed up the process.

Types and varieties of onions that give dense greens

Multi-primordial varieties give dense greens. Consider the most productive varieties - a multi-primordial variety that gives a large amount of feathers per season and popular varieties of shallots:

Chipoluccio

Chipoluccio is an early ripening, fruitful shallot variety. The greens after planting can be cut off after 2-3 weeks. The pen has original pungent taste... Bulb weight up to 50 g. The growing season is 70 days.

Aristocratic

Aristocratic - shallots. From one sowing bulb in the nest, from 6 to 12 pieces of new ones are formed, weighing from 50 to 100 g. People call this species a family one.

The variety is early ripening, full-fledged bulbs ripen in 70 days. Cut greens are ready in 4 weeks.

The Aristocratic variety is used to produce greens on an industrial scale.

From one onion of the Aristocratic variety, 6-12 new ones are formed

Old Russian

Old Russian (red, yellow) is a type of shallot. Produces a powerful, bright green feather with a waxy coating. Seed material is stored well and for a long time (2 years). The variety is resistant to many diseases of bulbous crops. Up to 10 pieces are formed in the nest.

Reproduction is only vegetative, since the arrows are not formed. Gardeners consider this species most cost-effective for forcing greens... Cut shallots are ready 20-30 days after planting.

Lilac ringing

Chive bow Lilac ringing is 7 kg of greens per season from 1 sq.m. soil. The variety is early maturing; when grown in open ground, the cut is carried out after 20 days. Several cuts are carried out over the summer. The variety is frost-resistant.

Chive Bow Lilac Chime

Studgarten Riesen

Stuttgarten Riesen is a multi-primordial, high-yield variety with good immunity to most diseases. The productivity of the variety is high.

If there are 4-6 primordia in the seed from 1 sq. m get up to 15 kg of greens.

When is the best time to plant onions outdoors

For home consumption, a turnip for greenery can be planted in open ground at the end of April, provided that the earth has warmed up and its temperature at night and morning hours is not lower than 12 degrees.

For commercial purposes, turnip greens are grown in a greenhouse. If there is heating there, forcing can be done throughout the year.

On an industrial scale, green onions are grown in greenhouses.

The main thing you need to get a pen:

• high-quality seed;
• fertile substrate;
• watering;
• top dressing;
• backlight.

A full harvest of green feathers is obtained with 12 hours of daylight. For cultivation in greenhouses, select varieties with a short dormant period.

With a long daylight hours, the optimum air temperature 18-22 degrees... The yield drops at lower temperatures. Higher air temperatures reduce product quality.

How to plant sevok correctly

There are proven methods for planting turnip greens. Experienced gardeners successfully apply planting methods:

• pavement;
• tape.

Bridge way of landing

In addition to the landing method, it is important choose the right place and prepare fertile soil (substrate) before sowing any variety.

Choosing a place for growing

When choosing a place for planting sevka on greens, take into account the principles of crop rotation.

Plant after crops:

• cucumbers;
• zucchini;
• pumpkins;
• cabbage;
• a tomato;
• potatoes.

In the shade, the onion grows poorly, the feather is pale and thin. It is better to arrange ridges in an open, sunny position... During rains, there should be no stagnation of moisture on it.

Competent soil preparation for planting

We prepare a bed for planting in the fall before planting. Determine the acidity of the soil. With increased acidity, add dolomite flour... Consumption - 50 g-per sq. m. Onions love loose soils with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5.

With increased acidity of the soil, add dolomite flour

In the fall, under the digging, add:

• Humus ½ bucket;
• Superphosphate 2 tbsp. l;
• Potassium chloride 1 tbsp. l.

Consumption is indicated per sq. m. Dig up the soil 20 cm with a shovel or walk-behind tractor. In the spring, dig it up again and make urea 10 g-sq. m. 7 days before sowing, water the ridge with solution copper sulfate... Pour 10 liters of water into a watering can and dissolve 20 g of the drug in it.

Planting onions for forcing on a feather

Good greenery growth will provide quality seed.

Bulbs should be stored in a warm room until planting. Before planting seed sevka in the garden, they need to be sorted out. Discard damaged copies. Sort by size. Bulbs give the greatest yield of feathers from 2 to 4 cm diameter, weighing from 15 to 40 g.

For growing onions on a feather, it is best to choose bulbs 2-4 cm in diameter

Experienced gardeners recommend before planting to carry out activities that increase yields, accelerate germination:

1. The selected material must be moistened and, within 48 hours, kept in a warm room at an air temperature of 25 degrees.
2. Quarter length trim off the tops near the bulbs.
3. Dissolve 30 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of warm water (35 degrees), lower the bulbs in it for 16 hours.

Approximate consumption of sevka with the bridge method 13 kg per sq.m... The consumption is high, because the bulbs are stuck into the ground tightly to each other. The aisles are not made. The advantages of this method are obvious:

• the landing area is saved;
• all the forces of the plant go to the formation of the feather.

The bridge method is especially beneficial for growing onions in greenhouses.

The tape method involves formation of furrows at intervals of 10 cm... The bulbs are placed in the grooves tightly to each other or with a small 1-2 cm indent. Furrows are covered with a thin layer of earth (2 cm).

Tape method of planting onions

Care rules

The main care of the crop outdoors is in the right watering... In its absence, the feather is bitter and thin. With an excess of the bulbs rot, the harvest suffers.

To maintain the required humidity, take into account the weather and check the soil moisture at a depth of 3 cm. It is roughly recommended to water 2 times a week in the absence of rain.

Water only in the evening. This will eliminate unnecessary heating of the soil. Onions do not like high temperatures.

If the soil is prepared correctly and filled with organic matter and mineral fertilizers, top dressing can be skipped. With the belt planting method, loosen the ground between the rows, remove weeds.

When to harvest green onions

Crop is harvested based on the length of the feather. The entire ridge will have seedlings of the same length, if the seeds were calibrated in size before planting and the seedlings of the same variety were planted.

The marketable size of onion feathers is 24-42 cm

For all grades, the requirements for the length of the feather are the same. The size is considered commodity from 24 to 42 cm... When this length is reached, the feathers are cut for sale or for personal consumption.

You don't need to spend a lot of time and effort to get a feather for greens for home consumption. Before you start forcing turnips for greens on a large scale, you should evaluate your capabilities on a small volume. Choose the most productive variety, master the technology for the preparation of planting material and soil. With the right approach, success is guaranteed.

Green onions are a frequent guest on our table. It is not only a decoration for various dishes, but also a source of useful vitamins and minerals. Therefore, this greenery is used all year round. In the cold season, experienced housewives grow this product on windowsills. So the family will be provided with vitamins, and the dishes will look more attractive. But green onions can also be grown in greenhouse conditions. So you can not only provide your loved ones with bright and fresh greenery, but also make money selling it.

Features of growing in greenhouse conditions

Growing onions on a feather should begin with preparatory work. This applies directly to the greenhouse itself and the soil in the garden.

The greenhouse should be thoroughly cleaned of weeds and debris, check the health of the heating system in it. High-quality heating plays a special role in growing greenery in the winter. It is necessary to pay due attention to lighting, because most likely there will be a need for additional lighting. Lighting lamps are best positioned vertically. In this case, the bow will have a beautiful, even green feather.

Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the soil. Many crops require a well-fertilized soil that contains all the necessary organic and mineral substances. Planting onions on a feather is best done in light, breathable soil. Therefore, you should first apply the following fertilizers to the ground:

• compost or manure;
• potassium chloride;
• superphosphate.

It is better to prepare a mixture of these components and simultaneously apply them to the soil. For 1 square meter, you need to take 1 bucket of manure, 15 g of potassium chloride and 30 g of superphosphate.

Before planting, it is best to familiarize yourself with the different varieties of onions per feather. Attention should be paid to the peculiarities of development and agricultural technology. For example, onions are not suitable for growing greens, because in the off-season they are dormant, so such bulbs will develop slowly. As a result, the harvest will be minimal.

Most often, the bulbs are planted in the ground in early fall or spring.

Suitable varieties of onions

There are several varieties of onions on a feather, planting which, you can get a high yield. Experts give their preference to varieties that have several rudiments at the same time. After all, they allow you to achieve maximum yield. The most popular are:

• Bessonovsky;
• Arzamassky;
• Rostov;
• Black Prince.

To obtain high-quality greens, perennial varieties of onions are also used:

• leek;
• shallot;
• slime onion;
• onion;
• Egyptian bow;
• chives.

Perennial varieties of onions on a feather can be cut up to 3 times, getting a new crop. Annual plants can only be used once. From 1 weave, you can get up to 30 kg of harvest.

Leek

This plant is also called pearl onion. There is no bulb in it. But the thick white stem is actively used in cooking. This is the most delicious part of the plant. Wide leaves are also used because they have a delicate, pleasant taste. Onion feathers are very similar to garlic.From 1 are you can get about 20 kg of the crop.

Shallot

Onion on a feather of this variety surpasses onion in its taste and productivity. The greens are cut several times per season.

Slime onion

Many consider this onion to be the tastiest. The greens have broad, tender leaves. The taste of the plant is weak, with the smell of garlic. This onion is high in vitamin C and iron.

Onion

This variety is also called fisty, sandy or Tatar. It also lacks bulbs. A feature of this variety is the increased content of microelements and vitamins in comparison with other varieties by about 2 times.

Chives

This type of onion is grown for the sake of greenery. The first shoots appear in early spring. Greens have a pleasant, delicate taste. Small-diameter false bulbs of a plant can also be used for food.

Growing onions in a greenhouse

Growing onions for feathers in a greenhouse in winter allows you to get additional funds for the family budget. After all, greens are always in demand, and greenhouse green onions can be an excellent product for sale.

For planting in a greenhouse, varieties with the maximum yield are chosen. The seed must be stored in a dry place. Choose bulbs with a diameter of 3 cm or more. The surface should be free of any damage.

Feather green onions are best grown in polycarbonate greenhouses. They store heat well and transmit sunlight well. It is best to plant onions in the soil after planting tomatoes, eggplant, or beets. This soil already contains the necessary nutrients.

In the greenhouse, boxes with planting soil are often placed on racks. This makes the most of the space. And multi-tiered cultivation allows you to get a good harvest. But remember that the distance between the tiers must be more than 0.5 m.

Special attention should be paid to lighting.

There must be no drafts and cracks in the greenhouse. It is necessary to monitor the heating devices. If gas heating is installed, then there is nothing to worry about. If you use a potbelly stove, then you should regularly check the air temperature in the greenhouse. It should not be lower than 10-15 degrees.

If all conditions are met, your onion will give a good harvest within a month after planting.

Planting and caring for onions in the greenhouse

The soil should be well loosened and fertilized. The bulbs can be pre-soaked in water. The upper part of the planting material is cut off. The bulbs should be placed at a distance of 4-5 cm from each other.

After the first shoots, it is necessary to carefully monitor the uniform moisture of the soil. Nitrogen fertilizers are periodically applied to the soil.

When in the greenhouse the feather of the onion reaches a length of 15 cm, they begin to remove it. Remember that bulbs will always germinate unevenly, so harvest selectively.

The whole onion is dug up and the stem is carefully pulled out of it. It is well cleaned and packaged for sale. Remember, if nitrogen fertilizers were applied to the soil, the greens will not be stored for long.

According to experienced summer residents, the best time to sell green onions is late summer and early autumn. During this period, the price of greens rises and you can get a good profit.

Growing in hydroponics

This method of growing feather onions is actively used in Europe. For this it is necessary to prepare special plates. They are pre-moistened and bulbs are planted tightly on them. The distance between the seed should be about 3 cm.

A small layer of vermiculite is poured over the bulbs and sent to a cool and dark place for 1.5 weeks. After that, the boxes are placed in a well-lit room. Additional lighting with lamps is often carried out. In the room, the air temperature should be constantly + 260C.

In such conditions, the first harvest can be obtained in 20 days.

Growing greens outdoors

The way to grow onions of different varieties is almost the same. Planting material should not be more than 4 cm in diameter. Onion sets are planted in open ground in the spring, after all the snow has melted. Also, onions are planted in the fall, even before the onset of the first frost.

Planting onion sets in spring is easy. Pre-planting material can be soaked in water at room temperature for a day. Now each onion should be cut off the top with pruning shears or scissors. So oxygen will penetrate into the bulb, and the greens will appear quickly. Performing these simple manipulations can increase the yield of greens by 60%.

Often summer residents clean the onion from excess husk and sort the planting material by size. After all, the timing of pasturing onions on a feather with different diameters differs from each other. Therefore, you should sort out all the planting material in advance.

Planting onion sets in spring is carried out in two ways:

• pavement;
• tape.

The bridge method involves laying the bulbs tightly to each other. The roots should be placed at the bottom. It is necessary to cover the bulbs with soil 3 cm thick.

The belt method assumes the presence of several beds located at a distance of 15 cm from each other.The bulbs must be placed in them every 4 cm.

When planting seed in the fall, a layer of humus or manure should be put on top of the garden bed, which is removed in the spring.

Growing onions from seeds in the open field

Growing onions on a feather in the open field is possible not only from bulbs. Seeds are often used. This method is longer, but requires a minimum of financial investment. Experts recommend using seeds of perennial varieties.

When choosing planting material, it is better to give preference to young seeds. If there are none, then choose a product no older than 2 years.

Seeds should be tested for germination. It should be over 80%. To do this, prepare 20 seeds. They are laid out on a damp cloth. After a while, the number of hatched should be counted. If there are 16 or more of them, then such seeds are good, they can be used for planting.

Before planting onions on a feather, the seeds should be processed. Thanks to the complex treatment, fungal diseases will not develop in the seeds, and the yield will increase significantly. They are soaked in warm water for a day. The water should be changed to new water every 8 hours. After the seeds should be placed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, which will disinfect them. After the seeds are poured with a glass of water with 2 drops of Epin-Extra dissolved in it. In it, the planting material should stand for 18 hours. The seeds can now be planted.

Do you want to get fragrant greens in the spring? In this case, it is better to plant onion seeds in July. Before planting, the soil should be well loosened and fertilized. In addition to humus, potassium chloride, superphosphate, urea, wood ash should be added to the soil.

Rows should be done at a distance of 30 cm from each other. The seeds are planted and carefully covered with earth. After one matured leaf appears on the surface, the seedlings should be thinned out. There should be a distance of 4-5 cm between the plants. In the fall, the feather will be up to 20 cm high. For the winter, the beds should be mulched with straw.

Growing at home

You can also use onion sets on a feather at home. Most often, for these purposes, housewives give their preference to onions.

You can grow onions at home both in special containers and in other suitable containers. Some housewives even use cellophane bags to get greenery.

The bulbs can be germinated both in soil and in sawdust. Some housewives grow in containers of water.

Consider growing greenery in water. Healthy bulbs should be placed in hot water (50 ° C) for 20 minutes, then in cold water. The scales should soften. They are removed. The head of the onion should be cut from the top by 1-1.5 cm.This will speed up the distillation process as much as possible due to the active supply of oxygen inside.

Put the onions on a pallet with the bottom down and fill with water by ¼. As the liquid evaporates, the water should be topped up regularly. After 14 days, you can get the first harvest from your windowsill. After cutting off the first greens, do not discard the onion. After a certain period of time, she will again delight you with juicy greens.

Conclusion

Forcing onions on a feather is a simple task that anyone can handle. This plant will give you juicy greens both at home and in the greenhouse, regardless of the purpose of growing. If you want to make a profit - a successful business, if you want to please your family with juicy, fresh herbs at the table - bon appetit. Chives are easy to grow. It enhances immunity and paints the gray everyday life with bright colors.

Green onions are not only a source of vitamins and nutrients, but also a decoration for a wide variety of dishes. Therefore, it is popular with chefs at all seasons. Housewives try to grow onions on a feather on the windowsills in the cold season so that the family is guaranteed to be provided with vitamins, but you must admit that you can also grow onions on a feather in a greenhouse! By the way, this does not require any extra effort, everything is extremely simple, it is enough to perform elementary agrotechnical techniques.

Start growing greens by preparing greenhouses and soil in the garden. The greenhouse needs to be cleaned, to check the performance of its heating system - this is especially important if you decide to plant onions for the winter. Check the lighting - for sure there will be a need for additional lighting. By the way, it is better to install the lamps vertically, then you get a straight and beautiful green feather.

Almost all agricultural crops require a well-fertilized soil that contains a complex of essential mineral and organic substances. A feather-bow is one of them, in addition, he also loves breathable, not heavy earth. Therefore, prepare in advance a mixture of soil for the beds, you should add there:

• manure or compost - about one bucket per square meter;
• superphosphate - 30 grams per square meter;
• potassium chloride - 15 grams per square meter.

In order for the cultivation of onions, especially in winter, to be less costly, it is necessary to carefully select varieties of green onions and study their features of agricultural technology and development. They are planted in early spring or autumn (for a winter harvest). By the way, onions are not suitable for this, since in the off-season they are at rest, when the bulb develops rather slowly. And no matter what you do, you will not get a high yield.

The most suitable onion varieties

For growing high-quality greens, perennial onions are best suited, namely:

• Leek

Leek, also called pearl. It does not have a bulb, but it has a thick, whitish stem, which is the most delicious part. The broad leaves also have a pleasant and delicate taste. The feathers are a bit like garlic. The yield is about 20 kilograms per hundred square meters.
Onion-batun, it is also called sandy, Tatar and fisty, also does not have a bulb, but if we compare it with other species, then it is distinguished by a higher content of vitamins and microelements by more than two times.

For perennial varieties of onions on a feather, it is possible to cut up to three times during the growing season, and for annual varieties only once. The yield per one hundred square meters can reach from 20 to 30 kilograms.

• Shallot

Shallots are somewhat superior to onions in terms of their taste and mass of green feathers. The advantages of this variety can also be attributed - unpretentiousness during cultivation, and yield, which can reach 40 kilograms from one hundred square meters.
Chives, also called chives, have narrow feathers that can reach a length of up to 50 centimeters.They are fragrant and can be delicate for a long time. Productivity - about 20 kilograms per one hundred square meters.

• Slime onion

Slime onion. It is considered by many to be the most delicious type of onion. Differs in a faint aftertaste and smell of garlic, has delicate wide leaves. Compared to other species, slime onion contains more iron and vitamin C. It can grow all year round in a greenhouse, and in the open field - before the onset of cold weather. That is, the variety is very frost-resistant, and also early ripening with high yields.

• Tiered bow

A multi-tiered onion, can also be called Egyptian or Canadian, has the highest frost resistance, withstands severe winters, and does not need special care.

Among the most popular varieties that provide a high yield and allow you to get high-quality onions for a feather are: Arzamassky, Bessonovsky, Spassky, Troitsky, Black Prince and Amber.

Onion on a feather in the open field

For different varieties of onions, the cultivation method is almost the same. For planting, select multi-pronged onions with a diameter of no more than 4 centimeters. They plant it in open ground either in the fall, before the onset of the first frosts, or in early spring, after the snow has completely melted.

Before planting, it is recommended to soak the bulbs for 24 hours in warm water - just above room temperature. Then cut off the top with a secateurs. This operation is performed so that oxygen penetrates into the bulb, and the onion begins to grow for forcing the feathers. By doing these simple manipulations, you will speed up the process and increase yields by 50 - 70 percent. It is also recommended to peel the bulbs from excess husk and sort by size. This is due to the fact that the timing of the pasture of the feathers for bulbs with different sizes are different. That is, to get a bountiful harvest, try to pick up planting material of the same size.

Onions are planted in several ways:

Tape method. Divide the garden into rows with a distance of 15 to 20 centimeters, and plant the bulbs in them every 3 to 4 centimeters. Then level the garden bed. For the winter, cover with a layer of manure or humus about 6 centimeters thick (you need to remove it in the spring).

Bridge method. Lay the bulbs tightly to each other, while lowering the roots down, cover them with earth on top - the layer thickness is about 3 centimeters. When planting before winter, cover as in the previous method. In the spring, remove this insulating layer and install an arc with a film over the bed.

Growing outdoors from seeds

Feather onions can be grown not only from bulbs, but also from seeds. This method, although longer in time, is quite cheap. Especially if you take seeds of perennial varieties. Buy seeds no older than two years, and optimally take young ones. Be sure to check them for germination - an acceptable indicator: above 80 percent. Take 20 seeds and spread them out on a wet cloth. Count the number of hatched - if less than 16 pieces, then the quality of the planting material is unsatisfactory.

When you decide on germination, process the seeds. First, soak them in warm water for a day (during this time it is changed three times). Then drain the water, place the seeds for half an hour in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The next procedure is to dilute a couple of drops of Epin-Extra in a glass of water and fill the seeds with this solution for 15-18 hours. Such complex processing will not allow the development of fungal diseases and will guarantee a good harvest.

If you plan on getting fresh, fragrant greens in the spring, then sow onion seeds in the middle of summer. An important condition - loosen the soil for planting well, and apply fertilizers. To do this, mix the soil with humus, plus add the following mixture: urea (15 grams), superphosphate (30 grams), potassium chloride (15 grams) and wood ash (200 grams).

Level the loosened bed and tamp it a little.Then make several rows 30 centimeters apart and plant the seeds. As soon as they germinate and give one matured leaf at a time, thin out the seedlings, leaving about 5 centimeters between them. At the end of autumn, the feather should grow up to 20 centimeters. For the winter, be sure to mulch the beds with straw or peat.

Growing seedlings from seeds

Seedlings can also be grown from seeds. Onions grown through seedlings yield good yields and grow much faster. Seeds for seedlings need to be planted two months before planting on beds in the open field. Soak the seeds in warm water for a day, then drain the water, and spread the seeds on a damp cloth. In this state, hold them for two days, constantly moisturizing the fabric as it dries.

Next, prepare the soil containers. The composition that you used for the open field version is suitable. Pour soil into the containers, make shallow grooves (about 1 centimeter), and plant the seeds 0.5 centimeters apart. Moisten the ground with a sprayer, cover with plastic wrap, and transfer containers to a warm, shaded area.
When the first feathers break through (3-4 shoots each), you can transplant into open ground. Onions have good frost resistance. If you grow seedlings at the beginning of spring, then in the month of April it can be moved to the beds, since the spring frosts that occur during this period of the year are not afraid of it.

In the cold period (late October - early April), onions on a feather are best grown in greenhouses. For planting, one-year and two-year-old onions are suitable. Only the bridge method is suitable for planting.

Soak the bulbs in warm water for 24 hours, and then put them one to one in the soil. If you pre-cut the tops, then you do not need to sprinkle them with anything. A good harvest is obtained if the bulbs are planted in special containers one-third filled with peat, compost or humus. After the end of planting, they are covered with a thin layer of soil. Two weeks after planting the onions, the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at +20 ° C, but not higher.

It is also recommended to water the onion at least five times during the growing season. Collecting can begin when the feather grows to 30 - 40 centimeters.

Onions are one of the most popular vegetables. The variety of varieties allows you to use it all year round in fresh, boiled, fried, baked form. The cultivation of onions has several peculiarities, if observed, a high yield is obtained.

General description and varieties

Various types of onions allow you to grow a root crop in almost any climatic conditions. The crop can be harvested with green mass (feather) or bulbs (turnip). An onion set grows from the seeds, and a large onion (uterus) grows from the latter. The shape, color, weight of commercial turnips depend on the variety.

This is a herbaceous crop with a pungent odor, a pipe-like stem. Onion-turnip is used for cooking and in folk medicine. Has a rounded, oblong or irregular, drop-shaped shape. The color of the surface scales depends on the variety, as does the intensity of the green color of the leaves. The seeds ripen in the umbellate arrow.

Onion varieties are divided into early (Baron, Rosanna), mid-season (Alvina, Globus) and late (Senator, Snowball). By taste - for sweet (salad), semi-sharp, spicy.

The onion head has a characteristic bitterness due to the content of essential oils. At the same time, salad varieties contain less sugar than spicy ones, and the sweet taste is due to the lower content of esters.

Growing methods

Each variety has its own characteristics. Growing onions from seeds in one season is possible only in the south from early maturing species. In other regions, you first need to sow seeds (nigella) to get seed.This can be done before winter, so as not to prepare the seed in the spring, to accelerate the growth of the plant, and to reduce the risk of developing diseases.

Onions planted in autumn can be grown for early greens. Sows up to 1 cm should be used as seed material. Plants from 1 to 3 cm should be planted in spring when the soil warms up. Onion sets are grown on a large onion. The onion itself is propagated by nigella, ripening from planted large turnips.

Features of agricultural technology

Planting onions on the head is made from the set. The variety of species and varieties allows you to grow the plant everywhere. Agricultural engineering algorithm:

1. First, you need to grow onion sets from seeds.
2. In the second year from planting material - marketable, used for food.
3. On the third, plant large bulbs to get seeds.

How to plant onion sets in a particular area depends on the climatic conditions. In cold regions with short summers, growing seedlings, planting in greenhouses and greenhouses will help. The culture needs a neutral, loose, fertile soil. Watering is moderate, without periods of drought or waterlogging.

Soil requirements

For the successful cultivation of onions in the open field, it must be borne in mind that it does not tolerate acidic, clay, sandy, heavy, dense soils. Instead of them, loamy, peaty, chernozem are preferred. It should not be grown in areas with nearby groundwater, excessive moisture and lack of fresh air will lead to root rot and the development of fungal diseases.

Before planting onions on the head in the spring, you need to prepare the ground in the fall. For acidic soils, liming is applied to a pH of 6-6.5. This procedure should be carried out in advance or replaced with the addition of dolomite flour or ash. It is important to remove all plant residues from previous plantings, add organic (humus) and mineral (phosphorus-potassium) dressings over the entire surface of future beds. Then dig it to a depth of 25 cm.

Compliance with crop rotation

When growing onions for a turnip from a set, it should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to return a vegetable to the same place for at least 3-4 years. The exception is perennial varieties that do not need to be replanted for up to 5 years or until the yield begins to decline. It is advisable to divide in space green, onions into turnips or seeds, perennial. This will significantly reduce the likelihood of developing disease or pest infestation.

The best precursors of onions are cabbage, tomatoes, pumpkin, zucchini, potatoes, legumes, and some herbs. You can plant anything in the neighborhood except legumes. Alternating with rows of carrots will scare off onion and carrot flies. Garden beds after cucumbers, peppers, garlic, carrots are not suitable for the culture.

When to plant onion sets outdoors?

It is necessary for the soil to warm up to 10-12 ° C. It is able to withstand small frosts, but premature shooting may begin. There are no specific dates for planting seedlings, the established air temperature (at least 5 ° C) and soil will tell you when you can plant onions. Young seedlings can withstand temperatures as low as -3 ° C, but mature plants stop growing.

The timing of planting onions depends on the variety and place of cultivation (climatic features). In the Moscow region, the Moscow region and in Belarus, sevok can be planted in open ground in late April - early May. It is advisable to postpone planting in the Urals until mid-May, and in Siberia - towards the end of May. In cold regions, you can pre-grow in greenhouses, greenhouses or use early maturing varieties.

Preparatory work

The technology of growing onion involves the prevention of diseases and diseases, preliminary preparation of the soil and seed. It is important to observe crop rotation. It is correct to plant onions in sunny places where there is no threat of flooding.

Growing a turnip from seedlings gives good yields on nutritious soils.Chernozem is far from everywhere, so it is advisable to apply fertilizers in the fall after harvesting the previous crop. This will allow for winter sowing for greenery and planting onions on turnips in early spring.

It is especially important to pre-lime the soil if necessary, since this cannot be done immediately before growing the crop.

Garden bed preparation

In the fall, you should dig up the soil cleaned from the remnants of vegetation together with fertilizers. In this case, it is not necessary to break large lumps of earth - in winter they will freeze well, pathogens will die.

Before planting seedlings in the spring, the soil can be dug up again or simply leveled and loosened by first adding compost or humus with peat. You can disinfect with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. L. Per 10 l of water) with a temperature of about 50 ° C in a ratio of 1 l per 1 m². It is advisable not to use fresh manure, it can cause diseases, bring in weed seeds. Also, you should be careful with organic matter when growing root crops, and not greens.

If the soil has not yet warmed up to the desired temperature, you can cover it with foil in 2-3 days. The width of the beds is no more than 100 cm, the height is up to 15 cm. The culture loves space, so it is undesirable to plant too often. Onions can be grown in grooves, holes or according to the Chinese method - on the ridge.

Preparation of planting material

Before planting, sort the material, remove dried, damaged, diseased bulbs. Then calibrate so that larger specimens can be planted separately as they will be the first to harvest. Remove the yellow, coarse scales, and carefully trim the tail, taking care not to damage the growth neck.

Warm up the planting material for 8-10 days at 20-25 ° C, then soak in water at 40-45 ° C for 8-10 hours. This procedure is needed in order to start the development process, to avoid early shooting. Additionally, it can be kept in a solution of potassium permanganate or complex fertilizers, treated with a growth activator.

Preliminary preparation of onion sets for planting accelerates the emergence of seedlings, shortens the growing season. This is especially important when growing in northern regions, in greenhouses and hotbeds. Treatment with potassium permanganate or hot water will save crops from the development of diseases.

Growing seedlings from seeds

The method is used to obtain planting material for the next year. It is important to know how to properly grow onion sets from seeds, because the yield depends on this. Nigella should be last year, with prolonged storage, germination decreases sharply.

A few days before sowing, soak the seeds for 20 minutes in water with a temperature of up to 50 ° C, then hold for 2-3 minutes under a cold running water. For the prevention of fungal diseases, it is kept for a day in a solution of potassium permanganate or fungicide (Ridomil, Quadris, Fundazol). You can soak it for 3 hours in a growth activator (Ecopin), then leave it in a damp cloth for several days until 3-5% of the seeds hatch, dry it.

The prepared seed material can be planted in dry soil, otherwise, water the area with hot water, shape the grooves and only then sow. Between the rows there should be 25-30 cm, the depth of the furrow - about 2 cm, between the seeds - 1.5-2 cm. Top it up with loose earth or dry humus, compact a little, water, mulch.

You can also grow onion sets in greenhouses. To do this, cover the sown seeds with a film on the frame, which will significantly accelerate growth and protect against possible frost.

The first shoots appear in 8 days. Watering should be moderate, during drought 1-2 times a week. When forming the bulb, you do not need to water the beds. Planting should be protected from excessive moisture, weeds should be removed in a timely manner. If the topsoil is too dense, loosen a little. It is necessary to look after the seed plant, protect it from diseases and pests, and periodically mulch the soil.

How long the onion will grow depends on when it was sown. Some varieties can be planted before winter. In greenhouses, you can sow as soon as the snow melts, and the ground warms up a little. Harvesting should be done when the feathers turn yellow, the bulbs are tilted towards the garden in late July - early August.

How to plant onion sets?

To get a good harvest, you must first prepare the seed and soil. It is customary to plant onions in the open ground in spring, when the ground warms up to a depth of 8-10 cm. Make furrows in the beds, leaving 40 cm between rows. If the ground is dry, pour warm, settled water. For disinfection, you can pour boiling water into the furrows.

Correctly plant the seedlings in open ground, depending on the caliber of the bulbs, at a distance of 6-7 cm from each other. The value depends on how deep the planting material is to be embedded; a tail should remain above the surface.

It is important to follow the planting scheme so that air circulates between the plants, excess moisture does not accumulate, there is enough space and nutrients for the development of the turnip. You can plant smaller bulbs a couple of weeks earlier than large ones so that the crop ripens at the same time.

How to care for onions after planting?

Culture needs to be cared for properly. Agrotechnics of growing onion involves loosening, watering, weeding, feeding. It is important to promptly remove plants damaged by diseases or pests. It is forbidden to huddle the culture.

You need to plant the onion on the head in the spring in the warmed up soil. Winter planting is used to obtain early greenery. Take care of onions - throughout the growing season. Do not allow the soil to dry out or the growth of weeds.

Watering

Proper care of onions outdoors requires moderate soil moisture. It is necessary to water early in the morning, and not in the evening, so as not to create favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. Onions planted in spring should be watered 1-2 times a week.

At the beginning of July, the amount of water should be reduced, and by the end it should be completely stopped. This is done so that the bulbs dry out, form a dense husk before harvesting, and gain weight. The exception is hot, dry weather, in which the crop will begin to wilt. But in this case, abundant watering is not needed.

Top dressing

Growing and caring for onions in the open field involves the introduction of fertilizers if necessary. Autumn and spring soil preparation may not be enough, then the first fertilizing should be done 2 weeks after planting. You can sprinkle with a solution of mullein, dry manure or bird droppings.

Onions per head should be grown in nutritious soil. Nitrogen is needed in the first phase of the growing season, potassium - during the formation of bulbs, phosphorus - at the entire stage of growing. Organic feeding may be needed 1 more time after the first, but this is not necessary.

Loosening

To care for onions on a turnip, it is important to loosen the ground, avoiding the formation of a dense crust on the surface. Because of it, the plant may not have enough moisture on dry days, and with heavy rainfall, it will not be able to evaporate quickly. High humidity and lack of fresh air are favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. Weeds should be removed during loosening.

Growing turnip onions has some secrets, for example, there is a way to grow the onion faster after formation - to free the upper part a little from the ground. It also promotes the growth of larger specimens.

Diseases and pests

Onion care involves monitoring the condition of plants, changing the color of feathers, and wilting. Any deterioration in appearance may indicate disease or pest damage. Compliance with agrotechnical measures for planting and caring for onions in the open field is a preventive measure, but does not always help.

The culture is susceptible to the following diseases:

• Peronosporosis (downy mildew) is manifested by pale spots on the feathers of onions with a visible gray-purple bloom. The leaves turn yellow and dry up, the arrows break, the seed crop disappears. The bulbs cannot develop.
• Cervical rot is a fungal disease that manifests itself 1-2 months after collecting the turnip. The bulb becomes watery, yellow-pink, with an unpleasant odor, then dries up from the inside, leaving only scales.
• Green mold rot appears during storage. The outer scales and bottom are covered with brown watery spots with a white, green or bluish-green bloom.
• Rust becomes noticeable by small orange, then red-yellow, black warts on the feathers. The leaves dry up, the turnip becomes smaller.
• Fusarium appears in the heat. Symptoms are yellowing of the tips of the leaves, rot of the bottom.

When grown from seedlings in the open field, onions can infest pests:

• The onion moth damages the leaves from the tops. At the same time, they turn yellow and dry out. Caterpillars eat the rudiments of flowers in unopened inflorescences, gnaw at the pedicels.
• Onion flies and hoverflies lead to wilting, yellowing, drying of the leaves and rotting of the bulbs.
• Stem nematode overwinters in bulbs, leaves, scales, seeds. Because of her, seedlings grow slowly, the first leaf can be swollen and curved. Gray spots appear on the turnip, the inner scales are unevenly thickened, soft.
• Lurker larvae gnaw whitish passages in onion leaves. At the end of July, the first beetles appear from the soil.
• The root mite colonizes diseased plants. The symptom of the pest is brownish dust on the outer scales, the bottom falls off, the roots do not grow.

Root mite

Alternative methods or biological products can be used to treat infected plants. It is undesirable to use chemical agents, especially for onions grown for green mass. For a turnip, such preparations can be used no later than a month before harvesting.

Harvesting and storage

When the onion ripens, it must be removed from the beds in time. The collection should be carried out in dry weather. 2-3 weeks before that, remove watering, fertilizing, loosening. The bulbs do not ripen at the same time, but they are harvested when the leaves of most plants fall, otherwise growth may resume after 8-10 days, and the turnip will become unsuitable for long-term storage.

It is necessary to pull out by the roots, carefully clean the ground, leave to dry in the beds, if weather conditions permit. It can be removed to a warm room for 10 days until the leaves are completely dry. Better to dry under the sun to disinfect the crop.

Then keep for 2-3 weeks under a canopy with good air circulation. Overdrying is also undesirable, the upper scales may fall off, the onion will be poorly stored. Cut dry leaves at a height of 3-5 cm from the neck, calibrate, break off and slightly burn the roots.

Bulbs can be stored in boxes, baskets, nets, fabric bags in a dry room at a temperature of 0-1 ° C. Can be braided and hung along the wall. The main thing is that there is no thick layer, otherwise the turnip will start to deteriorate. During storage, the bulbs need to be sorted out to identify germinated or diseased specimens.

How to increase productivity in the country

The harvest can be bad for a variety of reasons that

do not depend on the gardener:

• weather;
• depleted soil;
• poor quality seeds;
• lack of plant nutrition.

Despite these factors, you can get an excellent harvest even under these conditions! Our readers successfully use a method that helps

increase productivity on your site several times!

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