Iris marsh yellow planting and care in the open field

There is a decorative pond in the garden and you don't know how to revive it? Iris marsh to perfectly cope with the task. The people also call it pseudoair (Iris pseudacorus, translated from Latin) or yellow.

Botanical reference

The plant received its popular name due to its connection with ecology: the favorite growing places of iris are the banks of various reservoirs, as well as the armholes of rivers. The plant is at least 0.6 m long, and some specimens are capable of developing up to 2 m in height.

It is worth noting that marsh iris (photo of this handsome man is presented) has the properties of hydrochora. In simple terms, iris seeds spread through the water, because, once in the latter, they do not drown for a long time due to the presence of air-filled cavities between the seed itself and the peel and the non-wetting of the latter. It is assumed that waterfowl are also involved in the spread of the plant.

It is noteworthy that the marsh iris is represented by a single species and human activity does not interfere with its distribution at all. On the contrary, it only contributes to the "capture" of new lands.

Iris marsh: planting and care

The main advantage is the ease of care, which attracts gardeners even more.

Lighting

The plant prefers bright light, and it is not at all afraid of the direct rays of the sun. However, it can grow in places with partial shade.

The soil

To the soil iris marsh is also not picky, but the ideal is heavy soil, saturated with substances of organic origin and having an acidity below "7". At the same time, the plant will grow without problems in low-lying places, where a large amount of water accumulates.

Watering

Based on the foregoing, it is clear that when iris grows near water bodies, there is no need for irrigation. At the same time, if the planting was carried out in an ordinary substrate, iris should be regularly watered and the earthy coma should not be allowed to dry out. Particular attention should be paid to young animals.

Reproduction

There are no problems in reproduction either. Among the existing methods, seed and vegetative are distinguished.

The first is the simplest. It is enough just to collect the seeds and sow in the autumn in moist soil. Seedlings will appear in the spring.

Along with the ease, there is also the main disadvantage of the method - the flowering of the plant will not occur earlier than in 3-4 years.

For reproduction in the second way, it is enough to cut the "kids" from the rhizome. This can be done from the onset of spring to autumn.

But it is best to do this in the spring, when the plant starts growing.

In this case, two main rules must be observed:

1. During the division of the rhizome, the iris should not bloom.
2. The rhizome should also have buds or leaves. Moreover, the latter must be cut off before planting, leaving only 20-30 cm of the entire length.

Pests and diseases

As for pests, most often the plant is affected by gladiolus thrips, the favorite part of which is the leaves. True, in the 80s. there was a case of "attack" by the iridescent sawfly caterpillars. But the problem was quickly dealt with thanks to insecticides.

Decorativeness and design

Marsh iris is a dream for any gardener.In addition to ease of care, beauty, problem-free reproduction, the flower finds a worthy place in flower arrangements. It is used in:

1. Compositions involving shrubs and trees.
2. Building green fences.
3. In flower beds next to perennial flowers.
4. Ecosystems are hand-built.
5. Also, the plant looks incomparable on the lawn separately from other flowers.

Iris marsh yellow is an ideal plant for arranging any water bodies. And given its versatility and survivability in arid conditions, excessive humidity, lack of a good drainage system, it is also irreplaceable.

Meet iris bog - video

Iris flowers are yellow, purple, snow-white and of all colors of the rainbow - frequent guests not only in the garden plots of amateur gardeners, but also in park beds or simple flower beds near the entrances of houses. They are loved for their long flowering, unpretentious care and bright colors.

Irises got their name due to the variety of colors of buds. The word "iris" in translation from Greek means "rainbow", and it lives up to its name.

Iris varieties

Among the 800 species, which are represented on the planet by 80 thousand varieties, there are snow-white, yellow irises and even deep black irises, as well as the entire spectrum of the rainbow.

According to legend, the Greek goddess of the rainbow Iris was the mediator between the gods (sky) and people (earth). Once the rainbow crumbled into many pieces, turning into beautiful flowers, which were named after her.

Since these flowers can interbreed independently with each other, there is still no strict classification of their varieties. They are divided into "bearded" species, which also include Arils and Arylbreds, and "non-bearded". "Bearded" are so named due to the fact that they have peculiar pubescent "beards" on the outside of the perianth.

Bearded irises are divided into groups:

• tall, for example iris tall yellow;
• medium-sized varieties are subdivided into small-colored and medium-sized;
• dwarf irises are divided into standard and miniature;
• Aryls and Arylbreds are a separate group.

"Not bearded" irises are included in the classes of "Siberian", "Japanese", "Californian", "Louisiana" and other varieties.

Also, irises are divided according to the planting material. Some are planted with seeds or rhizomes, others are bulbous. The latter are more demanding to plant and maintain and are less common.

Iris marsh

Marsh yellow iris is a frequent visitor on the shores of water bodies. The wild species is characterized by reproduction by seeds, which have a protection in the form of a dense peel, which prevents them from "drowning" in water. Once in the river, the seeds are carried away by the current over considerable distances, which expands the sowing zone.

The same spread is obtained with the help of waterfowl, which transfer seeds to new places in the river, where they germinate beautifully. In the same way, wild yellow iris grew and multiplied during the time of the Ancient World, as evidenced by a Cretan fresco dating from the second millennium BC. NS. It depicts a young man surrounded by irises.

Cultivated iris yellow is propagated by a rhizome, which is divided into parts, each of which has buds. When choosing a planting material, it is the condition of the roots and their age that plays a major role, therefore, it is better for a novice florist to use the services of a company store or a garden nursery, and not buy deeds from their hands.

Very often, yellow iris (photo is proof of this) is used to refine curbs and fences.

Choosing a place for planting irises

Swamp irises take root well in places where there is high humidity. If there are flooded areas on the site, then they are best suited for this type of flowers. They calmly perceive both the shady side and the sunny side.

The main thing that should be done is to protect them from drafts and water them regularly during dry summers.If there is a pond on the garden plot, then yellow irises (varieties both "bearded" and marsh) are preferable to plant around it.

"Bearded" irises fade under the sun's rays, and their flowering period is significantly reduced. The ideal place for them will be either partial shade, or part of the day in the sun, and part in the shade. A constant shadow is contraindicated for them, since they will not give color, and only leaves will grow.

Soil preparation

The huge variety of iris varieties requires a specific approach to soil preparation before planting. Since these flowers can "live" in the same place for 10 or more years without harm to themselves, the soil should be prepared in advance.

For example, bearded yellow irises "like" loose loamy or sandy loam soil. It is important that it is either slightly acidic or neutral. The structure of the land can be changed by adding sand, peat or ash to it.

Iris categorically "does not recognize" acidic soil, so it should be treated with lime before planting. In the event that summer is most often rainy, it is necessary to put drainage in each hole. No matter how unpretentious the irises are, all of them, except for the marsh species, have a common common problem - root decay. Drainage will save them from this.

The choice of planting material

Another important point for obtaining a beautiful "iris" flower garden is a good planting material. Large, beautiful, but old root should not be purchased as it will not sprout. Such a flower bed will not "live" long.

The best planting material is one-year-old cuttings with a rhizome up to 10 cm, with a bud and a "fan" of leaves. Such a seedling will give the first, albeit still a weak color, the very next year. The present period of adolescence begins in the third year of growth.

If the share of this year and without a "heel", then it will give the first color only in the summer. In the future, as the irises grow, the planting material can be taken directly from your flower bed.

Separation of the planting material from the parent root

The time and method of planting irises also depends on the variety of flowers. For example, iris is yellow. Planting and caring for bulbous species occurs according to one technology, and for those that reproduce by rhizomes, according to a completely different technology.

After the irises have faded, a bud begins to ripen, which will become a flower next year. The best time for the reproduction of this plant is the period when the bud has not yet set, and new shoots have grown at the rhizome.

A new annual element with root rudiments is carefully separated from the main root, without digging out the plant itself, and is transplanted to a new place. Intensive growth of new roots begins in a week, and by the time the flower bud reaches the ovary stage, the plant is already fully rooted.

It is important to remember that the leaves of a young delenka should be shortened by 1/3 of the length before planting.

Such a transplant is carried out in the summer. If you carry out the same procedure in the fall, then you should wait until the flower bud has formed up to 6 cm in length, and the roots have grown enough.

An autumn transplant will give a new color as early as next spring, provided that the time is right. In this case, the possibility of early frosts should be taken into account, therefore, the moment of bud formation and the plant's readiness for reproduction should coincide with the still rather warm weather.

Planting yellow irises with rhizome

Yellow irises require adherence to certain rules during planting:

• the distance between plants depends on their growth, if it reaches 80 cm in an adult iris, then there should be 40 cm between the seedlings;
• for dwarf varieties that grow in height up to only 40 cm, the gap is 15-20 cm;
• the depth of the hole is determined by the type of plant - in the "bearded" varieties, only the roots are buried in the soil, and the rhizome itself remains at the soil level;
• in "beardless" varieties, a mound is made in the planting hole, on which the rhizome is placed and sprinkled with earth, the hole itself is only a few centimeters deep;

• the leaves of the yellow iris should "stand" upright, and the ground around the delenka should be slightly tamped;
• immediately after planting, the plant is watered, and repeated watering is carried out after 5 days.

It is important to remember that if it is hot days, then young sprouts should be shaded by pulling fabric on pegs or sticking branches around them.

Planting yellow bulbous irises

The yellow bulbous iris is a rather unpretentious plant; it can often be found in the courtyards of multi-storey buildings and in city parks. Its main requirement is the absence of low temperatures in winter.

Iris bulbs have a scaly structure. They quickly react to the manifestation of the first warmth and emerge together from the ground as soon as the snow begins to melt. People call this species iris snowdrops.

Bulbous iris yellow (photo confirms this) usually grows up to 60 cm, loves moist soil and partial shade. In colder climates, it needs shelter for the winter, since the optimum temperature for the "survival" of the bulbs is -6 degrees.

If the climate is mild enough, then the depth of the planting pits should be 10 cm, and in colder regions - 15 cm. If the yellow irises are broad-leaved, then no more than 12-15 bulbs are planted per 1 m2. For narrow-leaved varieties, a dense planting is permissible.

The best time to plant iris bulbs is the last decade of October. It is not recommended to plant earlier, as new seedlings may appear just before the onset of frost, which will destroy them.

If you can't plant the bulbs on time, it's best to put them in storage in a cellar or refrigerator. In the spring, the saved planting material can be planted in pots, and at the end of October it can be safely transplanted into open ground.

Bulbous varieties of irises require periodic loosening of the soil and timely watering. In no case should they be filled with water. This is fraught with plant decay.

Iris care

Irises are quite "docile" plants, but since they are perennial, some work on the flowerbed should be done regularly:

• watering is carried out as needed, especially if the summer is dry;
• loosening the soil (very carefully) is carried out after each rain;
• weeding is done manually;
• faded flowers should be cut to the very base;
• young rhizomes, as well as hybrid and bulbous varieties are recommended to be "covered" for the winter with foliage or spruce branches;
• after 3-4 years, irises must be planted, otherwise their massive soil cover depletes it, and gradually they degenerate.

When dealing with root yellow irises, it should be remembered that they grow on the surface of the soil, so loosening with a hoe should be carried out as carefully as possible. The same goes for weeding, which should preferably be done manually.

After the thaw, the foliage or spruce branches are carefully removed, and the soil is loosened. Root cover only applies to young seedlings and bulbous varieties.

Top dressing of irises

The first fertilization is done immediately after the soil thaws and dries out. Mineral fertilizers are applied simultaneously with loosening, trying to lay them to a depth of 4-5 cm in the soil. This should be done very carefully.

The second feeding is carried out during the formation of new shoots with the laying of flower buds. New rhizomes fertilized at this time will give abundant flowering next spring.

If the soil is weak or medium loamy, then three times "feeding" with nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is necessarily carried out at the rate of 10-12 g per 1 m2. For sandy soil, the dosage is increased to 16-18 g per 1 m2.

When using nitrogen, the main thing is not to "overfeed", so it is better to under-feed a little than to overdo it.When there is a lot of nitrogen, then yellow iris leaves grow, and either there will be no flowers at all, or they will be small and frail.

If you cover the flowers with peat for the winter, then you can solve two issues at once - warming and fertilizing the soil. In the spring, you need to gently loosen the soil around the roots after it is completely dry.

Diseases and pests

To avoid the appearance of pests, after the leaves reach 10 cm, irises should be sprayed every two weeks with special pesticides sold in specialized flower shops. After flowering begins, spraying stops.

You should also regularly check the rhizomes for rot. If one appears, then you need to carefully cut off the damaged area and burn it. Last year's foliage and wilted flowers should be burned to prevent disease.

Rare varieties

Rare, that is, less common, varieties include "Siberian" and "Japanese". The Japanese variety of these flowers is also called xiphoid, since they have wide, sword-like leaves. These plants are very fond of water, so the preferred place for planting them is water bodies. They also prefer well-lit places without direct sunlight.

Siberian irises are good for planting in regions with colder climates in well-fertilized soil.

Whatever the variety, it should be remembered that yellow iris is listed in the Red Book, so its cultivation contributes to the spread and survival of this species.

Swamp iris is the most common plant of the Iris family, which grows in all countries. It is noteworthy that this plant does not require special care. Swamp iris grows very quickly, multiplies independently and has the characteristics of a weed. It has high decorative qualities. The flower has an important function: it is a natural filter. It cleans stagnant water bodies from organic and inorganic contaminants.

The bog plant is widely used in medicine, food and cosmetic industries. The flower grows both in wetlands and shallow water, and in dry areas, but in this case it blooms very rarely.

Due to its external resemblance, the flower is very often confused with calamus, therefore the plant has another name - calamus iris or pseudo-calamus. For the first time, the similarity of plants was noted in his writings by the researcher and scientist Carl Linnaeus, who compiled a scientific description of the plant.

Popularly, this marsh flower is often called "yellow" or "yellow iris". Currently, many hybrid varieties have been bred with flowers in white, blue and lilac.

Description

Swamp iris is a perennial herb partially submerged in water. The part of the stem, which is constantly in the water, eventually degenerated into a rhizome, in which the accumulation of nutrients occurs.

The rhizome has a growing point. But due to its horizontal arrangement, the growth of the stem occurs sideways. Because of this location, the plant occupies large areas. On the rhizome, buds are formed, from which flowers and leaves are formed.

The rhizome has a large number of additional roots.

The leaves are xiphoid with parallel veins. The height of the leaves under favorable conditions can reach two meters.

The plant forms a long peduncle that looks like a stem.

The flower consists of six petals with a simple perianth. The petals are arranged in an outer and inner circle, three in each. After flowering, the fruit-box ripens, which opens, and the seeds are poured into the water. The seeds are kept afloat freely due to the existing air pockets.

Special properties of the plant

The calamus iris has many beneficial properties.

• It contains an essential oil that smells like violets.Iris oil contains more than 140 useful components: benzoic acid, esters, aldehydes, phenol, furfural, ketone.
• Rhizomes contain starch, fatty acids, oils, resins. The leaves are rich in ascorbic acid and amino acids.
• Rhizomes are used to treat diseases of the respiratory, digestive and urinary systems.
• The flavonoids included in its composition prevent the development of blood vessel diseases, the normalization of blood pressure and the work of the heart.
• The flower has antimicrobial, antispasmodic, tanning properties.
• In folk medicine, decoctions of rhizomes are used as an expectorant. They are treated for migraine, sore throat, bronchitis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Care and cultivation

Iris calamus is more commonly known as a wild plant, so it does not require special care.

• Lighting... The flower needs diffused lighting. However, iris does not do well in direct sunlight. The ideal planting site is partial shade.
• Watering... Yellow iris grows along water bodies and in wetlands, so it does not need watering. If the flower is grown in a garden plot where the soil can dry out, additional watering will be required. This is especially important for young plants.
• Planting and soil... Flowers are planted in well-humid areas, along the banks of artificial reservoirs or in shallow water. When planting, the soil is not used, the rhizome is fixed at the bottom with pebbles or small stones. The creeping rhizome is horizontal. Small auxiliary roots are formed on it. Also, buds arise on the rhizome, from which leaves and peduncles grow. Planting is carried out in the spring before the beginning of the period of active growth and before flowering. In April-May, rhizomes are harvested. Under favorable conditions, newly planted plants begin to bloom in the year of planting, and by the next season they will take root and grow. Marsh iris requires a heavy, acidic soil rich in organic matter. Flowers can be planted in areas where a large amount of ground water or rainwater accumulates.
• Top dressing... Yellow iris does not need additional fertilizing with minerals. However, feeding is carried out once a season. The introduction of mineral fertilizers promotes a lush and beautiful flowering of plants.
• Preparing for winter... The bog plant needs additional protection for the winter cold season. Since the root system is horizontal, it can be completely exposed. To prevent the plant from freezing, it needs to provide additional shelter. To do this, a layer of peat and soil is applied to the rhizomes, which is carefully removed with the onset of spring. The soil is laid out around the stem.

Reproduction

The flower is propagated by dividing the rhizome and seeds.

When dividing the rhizome from the main plant, a piece is carefully separated and transplanted to a new place. In this way, the flower can be propagated throughout the growing season. It is advisable to transplant in the fall, so that it has time to take root and begin active growth in the spring.

During the period of division of the rhizome, the mother plant should not bloom. There should be buds or leaves on the rhizome.

Seed propagation is easy enough. Seed planting is carried out in the fall in the ground. In the spring, the seeds give amicable shoots. The disadvantage of this method is that iris blooms only after three years.

The use of iris marsh in landscape design

Many landscape designers often use iris yellow to decorate their backyards. Due to its unpretentiousness and ease of care, iris can become part of almost any composition.

It is used to decorate flower beds together with other perennials, in combination with trees and shrubs, iris curtains, creating green fences, decorating the shores of artificial reservoirs and lakes.

The combination of different colors of iris flowers allows you to create unusual compositions along the shores of ponds and lakes.

Marsh iris grows well not only on swampy soil, but also in areas with a high level of groundwater or poor water flow.

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Iris is a perennial plant that amazes with its variety of species and shades. Iris is found in almost any garden, park and flower bed, and all this thanks to its sophisticated appearance and rich bright colors. Well, what if we are talking about decorating a reservoir? And here, too, it will not do without iris. Marsh iris is a "favorite" of landscape designers, which takes pride of place among ornamental plants for decorating water bodies. Today you will learn about all the intricacies of growing varieties outdoors. The following is a description of the plant, planting features, care, reviews, etc. (photographs are attached).

Iris marsh: description, characteristics of the plant

Swamp or, as it is sometimes called, false air iris is known to many gardeners as a magnificent plant, most often used for decorating various bodies of water, due to its love for moist soil and environment. But not everyone knows its amazing properties. So, marsh iris is able to qualitatively clean any body of water from suspended matter of both organic and inorganic origin. The rhizomes of this plant are widely used in cooking, medicine and even perfumery.

This variety of iris is considered perennial and can reach a height of 2 m. Swamp iris is sometimes confused with calamus because of the leaves: they have the same wide xiphoid shape. The rhizome of the plant is creeping, has many small roots of a fibrous structure. There are several decorative varieties of marsh iris:

• Flore Pleno. The variety has fairly large double flowers.

Flore Pleno variety

• Umkirch. The variety is represented by a plant with pale pink flowers.
• Golden Queen. The variety is represented by a plant with bright yellow flowers.

Golden Queen variety

Under natural conditions, marsh iris can be found mainly in river floodplains, on the banks of various reservoirs, damp meadows, etc. The flowering of the plant usually begins by mid-summer (late June - early July).

Attention! Despite the fact that the plant loves extremely moist soil, it can grow successfully on dry soil. However, its flowering in this case will be very unlikely.

Swamp iris is widely used in landscape design as one of the main decorative elements for a reservoir; it is also used to create compositions of various types of flowers in wet, swampy areas. Swamp iris looks great in tandem with shallow plants (for example, host, fern, Siberian iris, etc.).

Features of growing in the open field

Iris are usually planted at the beginning of the growing season, even before flowering begins (most often in early April). Reproduction of the plant is carried out by two methods: by seeds and by a vegetative method (division of the rhizome).

The place for planting the plant should be chosen in the most careful way: iris loves sunny areas well protected from the wind, but in the absence of enough sunny space, partial shade is also suitable.

Advice. When planting a plant, it is necessary to take into account one of its features: in the first year of life, the marsh iris can slightly shift to the side (by a few centimeters), so the planting scheme should not be ordinary, but fan-shaped.

Immediately before planting, it is necessary to add a potassium-phosphorus mixture and compost to the soil (in no case use manure). Do not forget to also treat the area with herbicides and fungicides without fail (this will help disinfect the soil).

Iris marsh

Before planting, the plant must be lowered into a container with prepared soil, and then buried in the ground at a site to a depth of about 30-40 cm.Then you need to immediately water the area with water. The next watering should be done a few days after planting. In the future, do not water the iris until the soil is dry.

As for dressings, the plant does not really need nutrients, but at least once a year (in the spring), it is still necessary to carry them out. Otherwise, the iris will not bloom so luxuriantly and beautifully. Compound fertilizers with a sufficient content of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen are best suited for feeding marsh iris.

Due to the specific specificity of the iris root system (horizontal location of the rhizome) in the cold season, it can be almost completely bare, therefore it is necessary to provide it with protection in the form of an additional peat-soil layer. In the spring, this layer must be carefully removed and distributed around the bush.

This concludes the consideration of the features of growing marsh iris. Happy growing!

Iris marsh: video