Chrysanthemums planting and care in the open field in the Urals

From the middle of summer until the very frost, many homesteads, summer cottages and front gardens are decorated with bright bushes of garden chrysanthemums. The plant blooms even when many flowers have already withered after the first frost. Even the most experienced gardeners are amazed at the variety of flower colors, types and shapes. You can learn about the varieties and characteristics of growing the "Queen of Autumn" by reading our article. And photos of chrysanthemums will help you choose the types of flowers suitable for the garden.

Varieties and varieties of garden chrysanthemums with photos

Garden chrysanthemum is a perennial plant whose height depends on the species and can be from 15 to 150 cm... Currently, a large number of varieties of chrysanthemums are known, which, according to some features and characteristics, are combined into groups.

The size of the inflorescences

Perennial chrysanthemums are divided into three groups according to the diameter of the flowers:

• small-flowered;
• mid-flowered;
• large-flowered.

Small-flowered or Korean plants can be simple and double. A large number of inflorescences grow on one bush with a flower diameter of 2-10 cm... The bushes themselves can reach a height of 25 to 120 cm. The leaves of the plant are in the form of oak leaves. Flowers are frost-resistant, undemanding to the composition of the soil and easy to care for. Their flowering begins in mid-September and continues until the very frost.

Mid-flowered or ornamental chrysanthemums can be grown not only for garden decoration, but also for cutting. They also grow well in pots at home. They can be used to decorate balconies, loggias and terraces. Ornamental shrubs grow up to 30-70 cm, and have a flower diameter of 10-18 cm.

Large-flowered chrysanthemums are spectacular tall plants. The length of their stem can reach from 80 to 120 cm. They bloom in large flowers with a diameter of 10-25 cm. This type of chrysanthemum does not tolerate frost well. Only some of its varieties can winter outdoors.Such flowers are intended mainly for cutting into bouquets.

The shape and height of the bush

According to the shape and height of the bush, garden chrysanthemums are divided into three types, each of which has many varieties.

Tall. The stems of this type of garden chrysanthemum can be very tall and require supports such as frames, metal nets, or wooden pegs. Supports are installed during the planting of the bushes. Plants planted in a group can be used as a hedge. Most popular varieties tall garden chrysanthemums are:

1. "Amber Lady" - the plant is distinguished by golden inflorescences.
2. "Umka" - chrysanthemums with white flowers, the shape of which resembles a pompom.
3. "Daughter of Rosetta" is strewn with flat inflorescences with flowers of pink and white shades.

Medium-sized. Bushes growing up to 30-50 cm look very impressive both on a flower bed and along paths, fences, arbors. With their help, you can realize various design fantasies. The best varieties of medium-sized garden chrysanthemums are considered:

1. "Dawn" - the plant has a yellow-brown color, which is just right for the autumn mood.
2. "Dune" is a truly magical variety, the flowers of which can change their color during flowering. They bloom yellow-brown, and after a few days they turn yellow-gold.
3. "Lily" will help to add brightness to any composition with its dark crimson flowers.

Curb. Small plants grow up to only 30 cm. This type of chrysanthemum is considered one of the most beautiful garden flowers. Bushes of curb chrysanthemums have the shape of a ballcovered with small flowers. In this group, the most popular varieties:

1. "Barbara" is a plant with delicate lilac-purple flowers.
2. "Evening Lights" - the variety is distinguished by scarlet inflorescences that resemble a festive fireworks.
3. "Talisman" is strewn with bright beetroot-crimson flowers.

Flower shape

Garden chrysanthemums have five different kinds of flower shapes:

1. Pompom flowers are an assembly of tongues that are assembled into a ball that resembles a pompom.
2. Anemoid flowers consist of large petals, which are collected in one, two or three rows. The flowers themselves are small in size and very similar to anemone flowers.
3. Single-row and double-row inflorescences are bordered by flowers that look like tongues. In the center of such inflorescences, small tubular flowers grow. The border of flowers can be arranged in one or two rows.
4. Semi-double flowers consist of three rows of reeds that are arranged around a central flower.
5. Terry inflorescences are similar to semi-double ones, but their flowers are more luxuriant, since they are diverse in appearance and shape.

Garden chrysanthemums - planting and care

It is recommended to plant a plant during the period from late May to mid-June... Until autumn, the bushes will have time to take root and get stronger. And then they will not be afraid of any winter frosts.

Landing features

Chrysanthemums love sunny areas. The plant requires a lot of light to set flower buds. Even in partial shade, chrysanthemums will not bloom.

The soil must be rich in organic matter. Therefore, during digging, one bucket of manure, compost or peat must be added to one square meter of soil. You don't need to add more organic matter, otherwise only leaves will grow rapidly on the bush, and the plant will bloom with very small flowers.

When planting a garden chrysanthemum, it is recommended:

1. For large bushes, the distance between the holes should be at least 50 cm, and for small bushes - 25 cm.
2. It is recommended to add drainage or sand to each hole.
3. When planting, the plant cannot be deeply deepened into the ground.
4. Near large, tall bushes, you must immediately install a support.
5. The leaves of the plant can be sprayed with Epin to help it adapt better. "Kornevin" is also suitable, with a solution of which the bush is watered.
6. If frosts are still expected, then the young bush should be covered with nonwoven material at night.

Care rules

When caring for a garden chrysanthemum, special attention should be paid to watering it, since the plant depends on soil moisture level... You need to water the bushes in a timely manner, otherwise the flower will throw off all the buds.

The amount of water for watering one bush depends on its characteristics. Plants with small, stiff leaves can be watered less frequently than plants with soft, large leaves that evaporate a lot of moisture.

Chrysanthemums respond well to feeding. For this, complex mineral fertilizers containing magnesium and potassium, and organic in the form of humates are used. During the active growth of green mass, the plant is fed with nitrogen.

Caring for garden chrysanthemums involves forming a bush. It is necessary regularly pinch and trim... For the first time, the top of the plant is removed when the central shoot grows to 10 cm. After a while, when the lateral shoots grow up to 10 cm, they also pinch the crown. After that, the bush grows to bloom.

During the period when the chrysanthemum blooms, faded and wilted buds should be regularly removed from its bush. This way the flowering period can be extended.

If you want to get big beautiful flowers, you can make a total pruning of side shoots. As a result, only one stalk and one peduncle will remain on the bush. All the forces of the plant will go to the formation and growth of the flower.

Winter garden chrysanthemum care

In order for a plant planted in the garden to bloom as beautifully and profusely next year, you need to make sure that it overwinters well.

In frosty winters even cold-resistant varieties require shelter... Therefore, after the end of flowering, the stems of the bushes are cut to the ground. The plant hides and covers itself with fallen leaves.

Chrysanthemums with large flowers are afraid of freezing temperatures. Therefore, they need to be dug out together with an earthen lump and planted in a suitable container. Plants are stored before planting in the spring in a room with a temperature of 0-5 degrees. Caring for them consists in rarely watering an earthen coma, which should not dry out.

Diseases and pests of perennial chrysanthemums

With proper care, the plant is rarely affected by pests and practically does not get sick. However, the bushes need to be inspected regularly in order to identify the problem as soon as possible and begin to treat the plant. The threat to garden chrysanthemums is posed by:

1. Spider mite is a pest that sucks juice from a plant. It can be found by the cobweb formations on the back of the sheet. If the leaves of a chrysanthemum become gray-brown, begin to darken and fall off, then, most likely, a tick has settled on it. The plant must be treated with special chemicals.
2. Leaf nematodes - the disease is manifested by deformation of the leaves, and their darkening between the veins. In this case, you need to change the soil and cut off the damaged areas.
3. Verticillosis is an infectious disease that spreads through the roots. Therefore, the leaves begin to turn yellow and wither from the bottom of the bush. In the initial stages, spraying with biological products will help.
4. Powdery mildew first affects the leaves and buds, on which a white bloom appears. The affected parts of the plant are removed, and the bush itself is treated with Bordeaux liquid.

Reproduction of bush chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum can propagate in three ways:

• dividing the bush;
• seeds;
• by cuttings.

Dividing the bush

The bushes can be divided in the spring, but only after the threat of frost has passed. In order for chrysanthemums to bloom better, it is recommended to divide their bushes every three years. To do this, the plant is carefully dug up and divided into several small bushes. The roots of the plant will need to be cut. Delenki are planted in the ground and watered.

Seed reproduction

In open ground sowing is done in May... For each future plant, a separate hole is dug, the distance between which should be 25 cm. 3-4 seeds are buried in one hole.For the first time, chrysanthemums should bloom at the end of summer.

Cuttings

Propagation by cuttings is the easiest way, since chrysanthemums take root quickly and well.

1. A stalk with 3-4 leaves is cut under a leaf pattern. Its length should be 6-8 cm.
2. The container is filled first with peat, and then with sand, into which the stalk sits.
3. The soil is sprayed and the box is covered with glass.

The rooting temperature should be between 13-15 degrees. When the roots appear, the cuttings will need transplant into separate pots... Young bushes are planted in open ground only when frost has passed.

Observing the rules of planting and caring for garden chrysanthemums, you can achieve a beautiful and spectacular flowering during half summer and almost all autumn. Any part of the garden where the "Queen of Autumn" will grow will become a luxurious decoration of the garden.

Bush chrysanthemum

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In the fall, when everything is withering around, I really want to enjoy the flowers. And such an opportunity is given by flower beds in the country, planted with late flowering plants. A bright accent of such a flower garden is chrysanthemum. Despite the fact that garden chrysanthemums are very thermophilic, they bloom well in autumn. Moreover, even small frosts do not frighten them. This explains the fact that many summer residents decide to start it and decide how to plant a chrysanthemum. It turns out that this is not difficult.

Chrysanthemums - planting and care in the open field

The place for it must be chosen so that it is well illuminated by the sun. At the same time, it must be reliably sheltered from the winds.

Before planting chrysanthemums, you need to take care of the composition of the soil of the flower garden. Heavy and dense soil is supposed to be lightened. To do this, you need to use sand and organic fertilizers. If the soil is loose and permeable to water, then the chrysanthemum bush will take root easily. And this will be a guarantee of his successful wintering. Find out more ❀ how to grow chrysanthemums in the garden from seeds + what trimming to use.

Caring for a chrysanthemum in the garden is sufficient fertilization. After watering, feed it well with mullein infusion.

Phosphate fertilizers make it possible to form large and strong leaves, as well as prolong flowering as much as possible.

Mineral nitrogen fertilizers are recommended to be applied as foliar dressing. Because it is quickly washed out of the soil due to frequent and abundant watering, which is necessary during the period of bud formation.

The care that chrysanthemum flowers require is to protect them from pests. If aphids appear, then you need to fight with it before the buds bloom. Because then it will not be possible to cope with this pest.

It is also possible that plants are damaged by spider mites and meadow bugs. In any case, you need to use special pesticides.

An important point in caring for chrysanthemums is their wintering. Preparation should begin just before the onset of frost. At this time, perennial garden chrysanthemum is cut off. The land around the bush must be huddled and treated with a humanist. When the frost comes, cover it with spruce branches.

Chrysanthemum multiflora planting and care

Chrysanthemum multiflora

This species is characterized by a spherical bush shape. The advantage of this plant is that it does not require any special actions to form, this is inherent in its genetics. Chrysanthemum multiflora is distinguished by abundant flowering. Moreover, the shades are represented by the entire spectrum of the rainbow.

There are recommendations to pinch the shoot after the appearance of the second pair of leaves. However, collectors claim that even without this action, the bush will still have a spherical shape.

If a pot with chrysanthemum multiflora was purchased at the end of summer or in the fall, then it should be left for the winter in a cool room.At this time, you just need to ensure that the soil does not dry out.

From the cellar, the garden pots should be exposed at the end of April. At almost the same time, it can be planted in open ground. Planting chrysanthemums multiflora is performed in pits with fertilizer. The soil must be shed well. It is recommended to place a neighboring bush no closer than 60 cm.

In the fall, all branches are supposed to be cut. This will allow you to get more shoots in the spring.

Korean chrysanthemum

She is a hybrid. Moreover, different types of Korean chrysanthemums differ in the flowering period. They have different inflorescences with a diameter of up to 10 cm and more, as well as the height of the bush. Flowers can be reed and tubular. The color of the petals is very wide.

There are three groups of Korean chrysanthemums:

• undersized (up to 30 cm), which are characterized by early flowering, small roots and a dense bush, they are also called border;
• medium-sized (up to 50 cm);
• tall (up to 1 m), they have a large bush and small flowers, chrysanthemums are characterized by late flowering.

Like other varieties, these chrysanthemums are perennial, planting and caring for which is no different from others. The sun, warmth and loose soil are the key to their successful flowering.

Chrysanthemums bush planting and care with formation

These plants have a high growth rate. In one season, the stalk is able to develop into a full-fledged bush. And in order for it to have the correct and beautiful shape, it is necessary to carry out the formation.

Pinching the tops of the shoots should be performed from the beginning of June. This process ends a month before the beginning of flowering.

Plus, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil around the bush in the first year in a new place. This will encourage the development of strong roots. From them, in turn, underground shoots will begin to grow. They will form a denser bush.

How to plant chrysanthemums correctly?

For starters, leave this for the spring. It is then that she will have enough time for full rooting. So she will be able to adapt well to wintering.

If the planting material was purchased in the form of rooted cuttings, then before transplanting the chrysanthemum, you need to wait for the onset of heat. Namely, late May - early June. The whole lump of earth from the pot must be carefully removed and planted in the prepared hole.

Chrysanthemums will take root better in a new place if, after planting, they are watered with a preparation that promotes root formation.

If the pots with the plant were stored in the cellar, then they need to be put outside for a week before planting.

Now, in the spring, it is recommended to transplant chrysanthemums. If it has been growing in one place for three years, then the bush must be moved to another place.

Chrysanthemum planting and care in the fall

Cuttings purchased at this time of the year are best taken to a cool room right away. If winters are characterized by severe frosts, then a prerequisite for how to grow a healthy and beautiful chrysanthemum will require digging it up and planting it in a spacious pot.

You need to transplant with the onset of the first frost. A bush from the ground must be taken with a large lump of soil. It must be taken into account that the roots of the plant spread deep into the soil.

The chrysanthemum pot should be moved to a cool room and pruned when the leaves begin to wither. Above the surface of the ground, you need to leave about 15 cm.

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Autumn garden decoration - chrysanthemums, this is a real joy for most summer residents. Already many plants are suitable only to cover the beds with their dry tops, and your flower beds continue to burn with gold. Of course, growing chrysanthemums outdoors is a very engaging experience that certainly won't hurt any grower. A bright, unpretentious flower with a tart smell is a generous gift from nature that will extend summer days.

Choice number one

Among the variety of garden flowers, chrysanthemum stands out.The selection of varieties is simply amazing, and each of them is very beautiful in its own way. No wonder she is called the queen of autumn. Today we will talk about how chrysanthemums are grown in the open field. It is not too difficult, bright flowers will willingly grow in almost any conditions. Having correctly composed the composition, you will enjoy the colorful splendor for many years in a row.

Varieties and varieties

Lush, fragrant inflorescences can not only add variety to the garden plot, they also change the life of the gardener. According to legend, they inspire optimism even in the saddest person. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field is a magical activity, and it is almost impossible to stop in the choice of forms. Every time you buy another bag of seeds, you are amazed at the magnificent color of flowers, their resistance, plant height, leaf shape, degree of terry. Moreover, over and over again purchasing sets of seeds of different varieties, you can be sure that they will not be repeated.

If you want to see a really bright and elegant flower bed, then you definitely need to combine different varieties and shapes with each other. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is the same no matter which heads will delight you in the fall. The combination of curb and tall bushes in the background looks best.

Seat selection

Excellent growth and lush bloom - it all depends on you. Chrysanthemum is not very demanding, but very thermophilic plant. First of all, you need to choose a suitable place for her. It must be remembered that these flowers do not tolerate moisture retention and do not tolerate darkened areas very well. Therefore, the lowlands are more likely places for lily of the valley. Choose open, sunny areas that are slightly elevated. Dampness will cause the plants to die in winter, and lack of light will deform the green part.

Growing chrysanthemums in the open field for sale is even more interesting, since in the spring the plots disperse like hot cakes. However, the requirements for the conditions in this case are even higher. After all, you definitely need to get a good result. For excellent flowering and vigorous growth, a plant simply needs good soil. Only the optimal composition of trace elements will allow you to get powerful bushes with great heads. They love loose and permeable soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, if you want to prepare a place for plants in advance, dig a planting hole, fill up drainage and humus, on top - good, fresh soil. And during the warm period, be sure to make seasonal feeding. However, you should not be zealous. With an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, the plant heals. You will have huge bushes without flowers.

Sale of cut flowers

This is a very lucrative business, so it is worth considering if you are seriously interested in growing chrysanthemums outdoors. Features of the variety Valentina Tereshkova, Alec Bedser suggest the formation of large inflorescences. Huge flowers on sturdy stems can keep fresh for a long time in vases.

Moreover, it is the large-flowered chrysanthemums that continue to delight us with bright colors even after the onset of cold weather. Here it is necessary to clarify: the warmer the climate, the easier it will be to grow such hybrids. Quite the opposite is the case in regions with a harsh climate. Where can you organize the cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field without any problems? The Kirov region with a mild climate, without sudden fluctuations, is ideal. Here, you don't have to stress the plants every time, dig them up in the fall and plant them again in the spring. Thanks to this, the bushes respond with stunning flowering.

In Siberia, large-flowered chrysanthemums are planted in large pots, which are dug into the ground for the summer. With the onset of autumn cold weather, they are transferred to a room where the temperature remains about -5 degrees throughout the winter.This will ensure a beautiful bloom every year.

Landing

Growing chrysanthemums outdoors for sale requires that you occupy a fairly large area of ​​your garden for growing. May is the best time to decorate a flower bed. Before the onset of cold weather, the plants will have time to get stronger.

In addition, it is very important not to plant the shrubs in bloom. In mid-October, such a planting is guaranteed to lead to the death of the plant. If you bought planting material late, then it is better to leave the flowers not in the open field, but indoors. A dry basement with a stable temperature is perfect. But they will not tolerate dampness and low temperatures.

Some gardeners specially arrange tall beds. There is one trick here that will allow the mother plants to overwinter well and wake up very early in the spring. The bottom layer of the bed is poured from fresh manure, and on top there is already a layer of fertile soil. Burning out, it will give a lot of heat, which will allow the plants to bloom until late autumn, and with good shelter, they will survive even in the most severe frosts.

We decorate the flower bed

With the onset of steady heat, a chrysanthemum wakes up in the street. Outdoor growing conditions should presuppose overwintering at their permanent location. For this, the gardener makes sure that there is no decay of plants, that is, a flower bed must be created on a hill. With the onset of cold weather, the roots of plants are mulched, covered with hay or sawdust. Top - covered with snow, and your plantings can safely survive the whole winter.

In the spring, with the onset of heat, it is necessary to remove all covering materials, after which the plantings will start to grow. If the planting material was stored in the cellar, at the end of May it is time to prepare it for planting. Just at this time, the first frosts end.

Planting must be carried out by varieties. Be sure to supply your flower bed with labels or other markers. A complex fertilizer is preliminarily added to the prepared trench, for example, well-rotted manure. All that remains is proper care. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is not difficult, even an amateur can handle it.

So, the distance between the planted plants should be from 30 to 50 cm. The larger the bush is planned, the more space must be left for it to grow and develop. Planting and replanting must be done with a large clod of earth. Immediately after this, the soil should be watered abundantly with a solution of "Kornevin" or any other drug that promotes growth.

The climate of central Russia

In order for beautiful chrysanthemum flowers to turn out in the fall, in the summer they need to be provided with proper care, regular watering and feeding. The cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is especially good. With high-quality shelter, they calmly endure frosts up to 30 degrees, and with the onset of spring they delight you with excellent flowers. Growing mother plants is very easy. We will now consider one of the options, and you will understand that any gardener can have a piece of the sun on his site.

These plants take root very easily. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is also facilitated by the fact that every year you can get new plants from part of the old or from green cuttings. Young root shoots, side shoots on old stems - all this is material for a new bush.

There is a little subtlety here. It is undesirable to leave plants in one place for a long time. We have already said that they do not like to be disturbed during the flowering period. This is true. But once every two years, they need to be planted in good fertile soil. Otherwise, it loses its attractiveness, the branches become woody. However, if the bush has already lost its charm, it can become the parent for an entire flower bed.

Growing technology in the Urals

The climate here is not so much harsh as it is unpredictable.Heavy snowfalls and frosts, winds and prolonged droughts - all this makes growing chrysanthemums outdoors in the Urals a little more difficult. To make life easier for the gardener, you can advise the following option. After flowering, the stems from the uterine bushes are cut with shears. Hemp of 10-15 cm should remain. Bushes for the winter must be covered with peat crumb, along with manure. The height of the layer should be 10-15 cm. On top, for insulation, lay what is left after cleaning the garden. These are tops and branches. Snow will accumulate on them in winter.

Spring works

With the onset of spring, it is imperative to remove the tops and branches. But sweeping the peat is not at all necessary. This is mulch and fertilizer, without which it will be difficult to wait for good flowering. After the root growth has appeared, it is removed with a secateurs. Cuttings 6-7 cm long are obtained. They need to be dipped in Kornevin's solution and planted on a bed with well-fertilized soil, on top of which there is a layer of sand (about 2 cm).

It is imperative to spray and water the cuttings daily. From above, you need to stretch the film and be sure to organize shading from bright, sun rays. Do not forget to ventilate, and after 2 weeks your plantings will give good roots.

Young plants are planted in a permanent place in May, when the threat of frost has passed. Remember to water and mulch the soil well. As soon as the height of your plants reaches 15 cm, the most painstaking work begins. To get a tall stem with a lush flower, it is imperative to pinch all the side shoots and buds, leaving one. Moreover, the choice is not always obvious, the central one may turn out to be underdeveloped or ugly, so you need to carefully monitor your plant.

Gardening in Siberia

It is both challenging and very exciting process. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in Siberia is quite possible, but additional tasks fall on the gardener. First of all, you need to choose winter-hardy varieties. It can be Cream or Raspberry early chrysanthemum, Pink Perlinka or Gift. They need to be planted on a high dry bed, but even this does not guarantee a successful wintering.

We have already talked a lot about growing chrysanthemums in the open field. Preparation for winter must be done very carefully. In the fall, the plants are cut off, covered with humus and covered with spruce branches. But even in this case, there is no guarantee that the flowers will successfully overwinter. It happens that the cold season is extremely mild. Then there is a risk that the plants will wake up very early and may die from excess moisture under the covering material. Another time, on the contrary, the ground freezes by 2 meters, which means that the chances of survival for chrysanthemums are even less. Therefore, the only option is to pick up the mother bushes in a cool place. It could be a basement or a garage.

In late autumn, when the first frost hits, the chrysanthemum is carefully dug up and placed in a 5-liter bucket. In this case, it is recommended to cut off the entire above-ground part. You can leave only lignified stumps with a height of 10-15 cm. The excavated mother liquors must be removed to the cellar and kept at a temperature not higher than +2 degrees. Somewhere at +4, chrysanthemums will begin to sprout, which is highly undesirable.

We grow a new variety

If you are lucky enough to get good seeds, you can plant amazing plants on the site, for which all the neighbors will come to you. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors from seeds is not at all too difficult. In this way, you can grow both an annual and a perennial, which will decorate your garden for a long time.

Both the first and the second should be planted in early spring. At the beginning of March, you should already have shallow boxes filled with earthen mixture on the windows. It is advisable to take ready-made, but you can cook it yourself. To do this, take greenhouse soil, humus and peat. All this needs to be calcined or steamed.

Now we start sowing. Annual chrysanthemums fall asleep to a depth of 0.5 cm, and perennials are simply left on the surface. Now the crops need to be watered, covered with glass and placed in a warm place. The crops are periodically checked and sprayed with water.

Planting in open ground

The gardener will have to tinker with his seedlings for a long time before they become beautiful flowering bushes. When the seedlings have sprouted, they are often very densely located. Therefore, as soon as the second pair of leaves appears, you need to make a pick into separate cups. When doing this, try not to wrinkle the stem. Now, caring for young seedlings is about timely watering. It is advisable to carry out hardening, that is, to take out the boxes to the balcony.

As soon as the threat of frost passes, you need to plant seedlings in open ground. Remember that chrysanthemums are very fond of light and warmth. Leave the dark corners to other plants, and give her a place in the middle of the site. It is in such conditions that she will reveal all her beauty. And one more thing: right after the transplant, you need to pinch all the tops. This is not the last procedure this season. As soon as the lateral shoots grow 15-20 cm, they also need to “remove their head”. Then you will get compact bushes with many inflorescences. They will delight you with long and very abundant flowering.

For newbies

If you are gardening for the first year, then growing small-flowered chrysanthemums in the open field will be an excellent option for you. These vibrant chamomile-like flowers will be a wonderful fall decoration for your garden. It should be noted that they are unpretentious and do not need warm winter houses in temperate climates. But in Siberia, you cannot give a 100% guarantee that your plants will survive the winter. If the ground gets too cold, then most likely they will not wake up.

To do this, you can leave 2-3 mother plants that can be taken to the cellar. And even easier - to sow annuals. They will delight you until the coldest days and even after the first snow they will remain bright and fresh. And then you can simply remove them and make room for new landings. In this case, you are not limited in your imagination. Flowerbeds may differ in shape and content every year.

Nothing is able to decorate personal plots as long as garden chrysanthemum. The bushes of these gorgeous plants delight the eye from mid-summer until the first frost. Sometimes you can find flowers that, despite the frost, continue to bloom. There are chrysanthemums of the most unpredictable shapes, types and colors. This is what attracts most professional gardeners and many gardeners and gardeners.

All about chrysanthemums

One legend speaks of an embittered dragon who stole particles of the sun, from which a gorgeous chrysanthemum was formed. Also, this legend confirms the name "Queen of Autumn", because if you translate it from Greek, then it sounds like "golden-colored".

In Europe, chrysanthemum appeared only in the 17th century. There is a long-standing dispute between the French and the British about where exactly it was first grown as an ornamental plant.

On the territory of Russia, the autumn beauty began to delight gardeners with her presence only in the 19th century.

On the territory of China, it was possible to cultivate this plant as early as the 5-6th century BC.

For the first time, written mention of chrysanthemum bushes can be seen in the words of Confucius:

"If you want to live a happy life, grow chrysanthemums"

Annual and perennial varieties

Keel, field, or as it is also commonly called sowing, and the crown chrysanthemum belongs to annual varieties. Almost all other varieties should be attributed to perennial herbaceous or bush plants.

Chrysanthemums belonging to perennial varieties, depending on the circumference of the flowers, are divided into three main groups:

• With small inflorescences
• With average buds
• With large or giant flowers

Small-flowered or Korean chrysanthemums

There are both terry and simple. One bush can produce a huge number of inflorescences with flowers, the circumference of which will vary from 2 to 10 cm. The height of the bush can be either 25 cm or reach 120 cm. The foliage is similar in shape to oak leaves, hence the second nickname - "oak".

These varieties are not whimsical to the soil in which they grow, and are also able to withstand slight frosts. The flowering of small-flowered chrysanthemums begins in the second half of September and pleases with its beauty until the first frost.

Popular "oaks" or miniature varieties:

1. Slavyanochka is a traditional variety of chrysanthemums with pink flowers, slightly darker in the center.
2. Etna is a lilac zrysanthemum with needle-like petals.
3. Multiflora spherical chrysanthemums of various colors
4. Merlot "Merlot" is a short bush lady with multiple red-burgundy flowers.
5. Santini Kalimera has such shapes that it is often used to collect toy-shaped gift bouquets.

Mid-flowered or ornamental plants

These varieties are grown as an excellent decoration for any personal plot, as well as to create unforgettable bouquets and compositions from chrysanthemums. In addition, they can be grown in containers indoors, which will allow you to decorate with flowers not only terraces and flower beds, but also rooms, loggias and balconies. The bushes of these varieties, depending on the choice, can vary from 30 to 70 cm.The diameter of the flower can reach 10-18 cm.

Most often in the Russian regions you can meet:

1. A spray of champagne needle-shaped chrysanthemum pinkish with yellow flashes in the center.
2. Pink chamomile fully justifies its name with its appearance.
3. The Golden Fleece is a low appearance with bright golden caps of flowers.

Giant

If you want to become the owner of tall plants that will serve as an excellent decoration for any site, then these varieties are best suited for this. The shoots reach up to 120 cm, and the diameter of the flowers varies from 10 to 25 cm. These varieties do not tolerate sub-zero temperatures quite well. Of course, there are varieties that can survive the winter in soil, but there are few of them. Typically, this variety is grown for cutting.

Famous and common large-flowered chrysanthemums:

1. Zembla Lime "Zembla Lime" is a terry variety with delicate lemon balls. Considered a tall variety - 1.2m
2. Anastasia Green "Anastasia Green" acicular chrysanthemum with greenish needles. Winters well, but requires shelter
3. Cleopatra is an Indian chrysanthemum with countless bright yellow-orange colors.
4. White cremist - spherical creamy buds with a delicate yolk.
5. Tom Pier is a red chrysanthemum on top, and tinted orange from the bottom of the petal. A very high 1.5-1.6 therefore requires support.
6. Gazelle Gazelle, a white terry chrysanthemum, is slightly tinted in the middle with yellow.
7. Volley Salute Terry inflorescences of a brick shade up to 90 cm high and above. In the landscape, they are used in the background of group plantings.
8. Shamrock "Shamrock" from a series of green chrysanthemums, looks a bit like the needle-like "Anastasia" or "Delistar". All petals, slightly curled in the middle.

Varieties can also be divided by type of inflorescence into:

• Specimens with pompom, rounded inflorescences are of medium size.
• Feathery beauties, the middle of which is closed with double petals.
• A variation of the previous type is fantasy, which is endowed with long petals.
• Bristly are characterized by double flowers with thin, slightly curved petals.
• Simple or half-double inflorescences that bear a lot of similarities with ordinary field daisies.
• Anemonic with flat inflorescences, the middle of which is fully visible.
• Multiflora, an inflorescence, which is a ball completely covered with many medium-sized miniature flowers. They are provided with this form at the genetic level.

Depending on the shape of the bush and its height, the autumn queen can be divided into:

• Tall plant

The shoots of these plants are quite tall and special supports must be built for them. For this, as a rule, metal nets, special frames or wooden pegs are created. It is necessary to install supports at the time of planting the bushes in the ground. Plants that have been planted in a row serve as a good hedge.

The most famous varieties of tall garden chrysanthemums are:

1. "Amber Lady" - the sample is distinguished by gorgeous amber-golden inflorescences.
2. Sunset orange double yellow-brown flowers are often used to create a standard look.
3. "Summer" blooms in August with the most gorgeous fiery red double flowers.
4. "Lada" blooming at the end of September, small in size with numerous inflorescences of lilac-pink tones.
5. "Umka" - white chrysanthemums with pompom-shaped inflorescences, the shape is very reminiscent of the pompons of the floribunda "Pomponella" rose.
6. "Daughter of Rosetta" is characterized by abundant, flatish inflorescences in pale pink and white shades.

• Medium-sized chrysanthemum

The height of these species can be either 30 cm or 50 cm. They serve as an excellent decoration for flower beds and gazebos, they are also planted next to fences and along paths. Thanks to these varieties, it will not be difficult to translate any design idea into reality.

The best varieties of bred medium-sized garden chrysanthemums are:

1. Dune is undoubtedly one of the most intriguing varieties, blooming flowers tend to change color over a long period of flowering. At first, the buds are of a dark brownish hue, and as they fully bloom, they acquire a sparkling sunny color of pure gold.
2. Chrysanthemum "Dubok" green foliage is an excellent backdrop for orange flowers with a brick tint in the middle.
3. "Dawn" is a true autumn chrysanthemum with a yellow color with brown hints inherent in this season.
4. "Lily" is an extravagant variety with bright and juicy crimson flowers, suitable for highlighting a certain area.

• Curb or ball types

The height of these varieties does not exceed 30 cm. Border chrysanthemums should be attributed to the most unusual and spectacular garden flowers, since the spherical shape, completely covered with small flowers, will not leave indifferent any connoisseur of real beauty. In addition, planting and caring for a plant is quite simple, which also gives the species a leading place among other plants.

The following spherical chrysanthemums presented are popularly loved:

1. "Barbara" is a beauty with graceful lilac-violet flower caps.
2. "Talisman" during the flowering of rich crimson buds, the green foliage is practically invisible, so abundant and lush flowering.
3. "Evening Lights" - tiny flowers blooming seem like flashes of scarlet lights.

How to plant and care for a chrysanthemum

Planting the plant should be carried out in late spring no later than mid-June, which will allow the bushes to take root and stock up on strength before the autumn days. If you plant the plants on time, then no frost can destroy them.

Advice!

Chrysanthemum beauties do not like shady places, since due to a lack of lighting, the stems become thinner and stretch towards the sun, excessive fragility appears. The inflorescences become smaller and rather small in size. Permanent stagnation of water after rain or watering is not yet accepted.

In order for a flower to grow healthy and beautiful, it is necessary to find a well-lit place for it, with soil that allows moisture to pass through with ease. Since you have to plant a perennial plant, the soil must be prepared in advance.With the onset of autumn, the place where you plan to plant the chrysanthemum in the future, dig up a shovel with 1 bayonet, not forgetting to fertilize the soil with humus or phosphorus - potassium fertilizing.

But when fertilizing the land, consider the following, if you add too much organic matter, this will lead to abundant leaf growth, but shallow flowering.

Chrysanthemum planting and care in the fall

An advantage that will definitely please you is the chrysanthemum's resistance to cold climates. The stem is able to grow and develop, even if the above zero temperature is only 2-6 degrees. 9-10 degrees of heat is enough for budding. During the period of active growth, chrysanthemum can easily withstand a drop in temperature, say, to -3 degrees.

But it should be borne in mind that if buds appeared on it, then they will not be able to survive even at zero.

The minimum temperature that autumn beauties endure should not fall below -10. If frosts came in the fall and soon ended, then the flower can easily continue flowering with the onset of warmth.

Frost-resistant varieties of chrysanthemums are grown in the southern regions without much cover, and in the Moscow region or Leningrad region they require a little cover.

No less demanding, this plant relates to the composition of the soil, and they prefer to grow in neutral and slightly acidic soil. As already mentioned, the earth should be perfectly water-permeable, and also be loose and enriched with useful substances.

To improve the drainage capacity of the soil, it is necessary to add coarse sand to it, not forgetting to rinse it. To increase and improve fertility, the land should be saturated with rotted manure, compost or peat.

Too light soil will also not do the chrysanthemum any benefit. That is why it should be made heavier using humus or sod soil for this. Be sure to apply mineral fertilizers, but this must be done at the time of planting, adding feed to the hole prepared for planting the plant.

How to plant correctly:

• If you opted for tall varieties, then the gap between the bushes should be at least 50 cm.It will be enough for small bushes to retreat only 25 cm.
• Trenches should have a drainage layer or sand.
• In no case do not deeply deepen the plant into the soil.
• When planting tall plants, be sure to install supports next to them to support their stems.
• In order for the chrysanthemum to undergo adaptation much easier, spray its foliage with a preparation called "Epin". You can also water the bush using Kornevin.
• In the event that frosts should come soon after planting, cover the plant with non-woven material before nightfall.
• You need to plant a bush on cloudy or rainy days. In the event that such days do not come in the near future, then a favorable time for planting will be earlier in the morning or evening.

How to plant a chrysanthemum before winter

Spring is considered the most suitable time of the year for planting a plant, but if you decide to plant in the fall, then you should learn all the intricacies of this procedure. Planting chrysanthemums in the autumn will allow future owners to find out how beautiful the bush will bloom before buying it.

Advice!

It should be borne in mind that you need to plant the bushes in the fall no later than September. And, if it seemed to you that the bush is large and can be divided, you should not do this. This will impair the survival rate of blooming chrysanthemums. After all, when chrysanthemums are blooming, all energy is spent on flowers.

If the winter days turned out to be very cold and without snow, then the chrysanthemums should be additionally covered. To do this, you need spruce branches, well-dried plant residues, cardboard boxes or wooden boxes. Do not forget to monitor the weather, and as soon as it gets warmer outside, be sure to disassemble the structure, which will avoid debating the root system and the remnants of chrysanthemum shoots.

Outdoor care for the queen of autumn

How to water chrysanthemum

Caring for the plant should begin with proper watering, since its health, growth and flowering will come only from the moisture it receives. If you do not want the chrysanthemum to drop all its buds and start to wither, then be sure to water it in a timely manner.

The amount of water required for irrigation depends only on the bush itself. If it is endowed with small hard leaves, then it should be watered a little less often than chrysanthemums with more delicate and larger leaves that can evaporate more moisture from their surfaces.

Remember to weed and weed. If you do not want to carry out this procedure, then cover the area where the flower is planted with mulch, compost or dry chopped grass.

In order for young bushes to be able to release many more branches, be sure to pinch them as soon as 8 leaves appear on the shoot. Also pinch the lateral shoots and then young shoots will actively develop, which will lead to the creation of a lush and decorative pattern.

How to care for a garden chrysanthemum video:

What types of reproduction exist

There are three main ways in which you can propagate a plant.

• Dividing the bush

In spring, when the threat of frost has passed, you can start dividing the bush. For best flowering, be sure to carry out the procedure once every three years. Dig up the bush with extreme care and divide it into several parts. The root system is designed in such a way that you cannot manually separate it, so you need a sharp knife to divide it. The resulting bushes should be planted in the soil and do not forget to water.

• Using seeds

It is worth sowing chrysanthemum seeds in May in separate holes. Observe the distance between the pits, which should be about 25 cm. Place about 3-4 seeds in each pit. At the end of summer, such chrysanthemums can delight you with their gorgeous inflorescences.

• Cuttings

One of the easiest ways is grafting. The fact is that chrysanthemums take root without much difficulty, but for this you have to follow some rules.

• A stalk, about 6-8 cm long, on which there should be at least 3-4 leaves, must be cut off under a leaf pattern.
• The pot where it will be planted must be filled with peat, and then add sand. A future chrysanthemum is planted in the resulting mixture.
• The land needs to be sprayed. Remember to cover the drawer with glass.

The temperature at which the cuttings can take root should be around 13-15C. After the roots appear, transplant the cuttings into separate containers. In order to transplant future flowers into flower beds, you need to be sure that there will probably be no frost.

Those flowers that were used to create bouquets, regardless of the time of their cutting, can also be cut in autumn. But before planting the cuttings, they should be placed in a solution that stimulates root growth for about 6-8 hours. All further actions are carried out in the same order as for cuttings cut before planting.

Gardeners who follow all these rules achieve a chic and unforgettable flowering of chrysanthemums, which lasts from July and lasts all autumn. Also, no other plant can decorate your garden, as the spectacularly blooming autumn queen will do it.

How to care for a garden chrysanthemum in the garden in winter

If you want flowers to amuse you every year with their lush and abundant blooming, then you have to ensure that they winter properly. Each variety has its own individual care rules and growing preferences.

How to prune in the fall

Even if there are varieties in your garden that can withstand the cold, they still need to be covered with the onset of winter.To do this, be sure to cut the stems of the plant to the very ground after its flowering ends. The land around it must be huddled and covered, using fallen leaves for this.

In the event that you become the owner of large-flowered chrysanthemums, then remember that these species do not tolerate even minor frosts. To keep them from freezing, dig them up with the ground and place them in a pot. Plants prepared for wintering must be placed in a room, the temperature of which will not fall below 0 mark and will not jump above 5 degrees. In spring, when planting is carried out, the container must be taken out. Throughout the winter, it is necessary to water the earthen lump, not allowing it to dry out completely. But remember that over-watering is just as bad for the plant as drought.

Features of growing chrysanthemums in the Urals

It is quite difficult to grow perennial plants on the territory of the Urals, since too little time is allotted for this process. The early onset of cold weather does not allow the plants to grow stronger and begin to bloom fully.

In addition, severe winters are a global problem, since a plant cannot winter in the ground, and not every gardener has the opportunity to store numerous dug chrysanthemums in a special room. This is precisely the reason that local growers choose only those chrysanthemums that are bred and grown in the Urals.

If you decide to plant a chrysanthemum, then the most suitable will be early frost-resistant varieties that can survive in the Urals.

Planting of seedlings is carried out at the end of April, and as soon as they are in the ground, they should be immediately covered with foil. Also, it is worth planting only those plants that have strong shoots, since weak ones may not take root. Grow weaker chrysanthemums in your home by placing the pot on a well-lit windowsill. This method will help you become the owner of not only early varieties, but also later ones.

Problems in growing the "autumn queen"

If you take proper care of the chrysanthemum, then it is unlikely to get sick or some pest will attack it. But, even though it is resistant to various ailments, the bushes need to be checked regularly. This will help you identify the disease before it causes significant harm to the plant.

What parasites can attack a plant:

• Aphid.

It is the most important parasite that attacks chrysanthemums. In addition, one plant can become a habitat for several varieties of these pests at once. They prefer to live near the buds on the stems of plants. If there are few insects, then you can get rid of them with water. In the event that there are too many of them, then use chemicals that should be mixed with soap or infusions that include onions, garlic, tobacco or marigolds.

• Spider mite.

It is an insect that feeds on chrysanthemum sap. It is manifested by the appearance of cobwebs on the back of the foliage, which become gray-brown in color. Also, the appearance of a pest may be accompanied by dropping and darkening of the leaves. For the fight, special chemicals are used.

• Leaf nematodes.

The disease can be determined by the leaves that have darkened and deformed. All damaged parts of the plant are removed and the bush is transplanted to another place.

• May beetle larvae.

These pests feed on the root system, completely destroying it, which leads to the death of the chrysanthemum. Bazudin will help you get rid of parasites. Also, for salvation, an infusion of onion peels is used, which must be kept for about 5 days and water the plant with it every day.

• Verticillosis.

An infectious disease that enters the plant through the root system. It is manifested by yellowing and wilting of the lower leaves. Biologics are the most effective way to save a plant.

• Powdery mildew.

The first to be infected are the shedding and the buds, which are covered with a white bloom. All parts that have been infected must be removed, and the bush must be treated with Bordeaux liquid.

Fungal pathogens can survive on the remains of twigs or leaves, even those that have fallen to the ground.

To avoid any diseases, chrysanthemums should be sprayed with medicinal preparations once every few weeks. In the event that it was not possible to avoid infection, remove all infected areas, and do not forget to remove them from healthy plants. If the disease is started, then you will have to get rid of the whole bush.

Application in landscape

Chrysanthemums are very often used to decorate garden plots, since this plant is quite unpretentious, spectacular and pleases with its flowers for quite a long time. It can serve as a single or group decoration. Looks perfect in combination with various colors and compositions, which allows others to enjoy the most unpredictable and beautiful flower gardens.

Very often they are grown in pots of several varieties, in order to then place these blooming islands of joy everywhere.

Asters, hibiscus, astilbe and many other flowers will look great next to the autumn queen, who decorate terraces, flower beds, meadows and lawns. This beauty will easily give even the most ordinary site an original look that you will remember for a long time.

Interestingly, young flowers can still be eaten. There is a special variety of lettuce chrysanthemum, which has edible twigs and leaves.

The main thing that needs to be considered by both the amateur florist and the professional is the choice of the variety. If you choose a type of chrysanthemum for your region and take care of it in a timely manner and correctly, then it will not be difficult to grow it.

How to make a beautiful flower bed with chrysanthemums video review: