Tomatoes planting and care in the open field in Ukraine

Planting a tomato in open ground has certain features, without the knowledge of which it is difficult to grow a good harvest. First of all, you need to choose the right tomato varieties. After all, each of them is characterized by certain features.

Tomatoes and their cultivation

When buying tomato seeds, pay attention to the words "for open ground" on the label. As for taste preferences, it should be written not good, but excellent taste.

Considering the period of fruit ripening, you need to dwell on those whose development length is no more than 100-105 days. Growing tomatoes in the open field begins with planting seedlings, which is carried out from late May to early June.

The distance between the plants should be 30 cm. If you plant medium-sized tomato varieties, then you need to make sure that the soil is well warmed up. Try to avoid areas where potatoes have previously grown.

Tomatoes do not like acidic soils, so give preference to those areas where compost, ash, lime were previously applied. Caring for tomatoes in an open field means keeping the soil free of weeds. Remember that the fruits are relatively slow to pour, so they need a little moisture.

But, if the soil is dry, then the green fruits may begin to gradually rot. Growing tomatoes can also be carried out without additional feeding. But, if the weather outside is steadily sunny, then in June you can apply nitrogen fertilizers under each tomato bush.

For myself, until now, I have not determined what gives me more pleasure: planting and growing tomatoes or cucumbers in the country. However, given the future prospects in the form of preparations for the winter (one of the recipes for salad from vegetables) and their use in culinary recipes, I still give priority to growing and caring for tomatoes in the open field (in the garden).

Discussing our topic, I will proceed from the calculation that you have coped with the initial actions in the form of planting tomato seeds for seedlings (although in the future I will return to this issue a little). And it was decided what varieties of tomatoes and what type of growth (in -, semi - or simply determinant, that is, respectively, high, medium - or undersized) you will grow.

Planting and growing tomatoes in the open field

Tomatoes in different growing seasons have different requirements for external conditions. Vegetables grow and bear fruit in any period of daylight hours. A short day is needed only for the seedlings to regrow.

The most favorable daytime temperature - 22 - 25 degrees, night - 16 - 18 degrees. The high water requirement of tomatoes is especially necessary at the stage of bud and ovary formation.

But at the same time, our culture cannot stand the close presence of groundwater, high humidity and prolonged precipitation. Against this background, vegetable diseases in the form of brown spot and late blight cause a big headache for summer residents.

Ideal soils for planting and cultivation are sandy loam and loamy, well warmed up and with good organic matter. In your youth, the tomatoes you grow require phosphorus, during flowering and fruit formation - nitrogen, with the growth of fruits - potassium.

And all this against the background of a sufficient presence of calcium, otherwise the apical rot of fruits in vegetables cannot be avoided. And this is nothing more than a spring digging with lime. Well, trace elements: boron, manganese, iron and others.

All this is brought into the soil with a sufficient amount of wood ash. Tomatoes are planted on ridges 15-18 cm high, 90-100 cm wide, and the distance between rows is 50-60 cm.

Low-growing ones can be planted in a "zigzag" pattern in 2 - 3 rows with a distance between plants of 20 - 30 cm. The rest of the varieties are planted in a row.

For planting seedlings of vegetables, cloudy calm weather is preferable, but if such is not expected, and the deadlines are tight, then it is better in the evening. It is necessary to plant low, well-developed plants with a powerful root system vertically and deeper than when they grew as seedlings.

Do not forget to drive a stake next to each tomato from the north side at a distance of 5 - 7 cm for the further formation of the plant. And we also put corn for protection - in general, grace for tomatoes.

But with the wind, an almost horizontal planting is necessary in order to avoid a large bump of vegetable leaves and, as a result, their withering away. After planting, we squeeze the soil near the roots tightly, leaving no elevation near the stem.

If the seedlings have outgrown, then we plant, deepening together with part of the stem, to form additional roots, it is advisable to determine the top in the direction of the prevailing winds. In dry weather, the growth stimulator "Kornerost" helps.

Tomato care

Growing tomatoes in the open field requires regular loosening, as well as watering, feeding, hilling and actions to form the stem. The first couple of weeks we loosen to a depth of about 8 cm, then, so as not to damage the overgrown roots, 5 - 6 cm.

The last loosening is done by hilling and sprinkling the stem of the plant with damp earth. The first feeding of vegetables is carried out 3 weeks after planting seedlings in open ground - accordingly, for each meter, 15 grams of urea and potassium sulfate, 20 grams of superphosphate.

During the massive growth and ripening of tomatoes, we feed 20 grams of urea, 10 grams of potassium sulfate and, if you like, 20 grams of Agricola for Tomatoes. Foliar feeding with microelements or growth stimulants will not be superfluous.

It is advisable to combine feeding with the treatment of plants from diseases and pests. The best time for this is morning, when the air temperature is not lower than 18 degrees. Then the nutrient solution will dry out more slowly, and the morning dew will contribute to its complete absorption.

Moving on to another important step in getting the maximum amount of vegetables when growing tomatoes. Stepping and pinching. In vigorous and branching specimens, stepchildren are removed 2 - 3 times, primarily those located at the bottom of the stem, 5 - 7 cm long.

The last pinching is determined based on the timing of the final harvest, while removing the tops, young buds and flowering shoots, leaving 2 - 3 leaves above the upper brush. I personally pinch vegetables in the twentieth of July, based on the fact that I finally harvest the tomatoes on September 20-25.

In the case of two-stem development of a tomato, the stepson is left in the axil of the leaf under the first flower brush. And with a three-stemmed one - in the axil of the second leaf under the first inflorescence.

We shorten the brushes, pinch off some of the buds and flowers that do not have enough time to ripen full-fledged fruits.Removing stepchildren from vegetables must be done not with scissors and pruners, which can transfer the infection from a sick plant to a healthy one, but with your hands, directing the stepson to the side so that the juice does not get on your fingers.

To get the best sunlight on the plants and full growth when planting, we immediately tie the plants with a soft twine or eight-figure twine around the first or second leaf. We produce further garters as we grow a couple or three more times.

Despite the phrase with the words "evergreen tomatoes", there are many areas where tomatoes ripen perfectly. For example, we have in the middle part of the Khabarovsk Territory, where it is always late spring and early autumn.

But all the same, to accelerate the ripening of still green tomatoes (for the remaining unripe tomatoes there is a recipe for jam with nuts from them), it is necessary to pick unripe brown specimens that will ripen perfectly. Meanwhile, the green ones will be filled with ripeness.

Put the brown tomatoes in boxes, add a little red to speed up the ripening process, cover with a newspaper and use the ripe ones as needed. And at the end I want to add that almost all vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, beets, onions, carrots, garlic, corn), except for eggplants and peppers, we grow on narrow ridges using the Mittlider method.

Outside the window it is getting warmer every day, and the threat of spring frosts, it seems, has already passed. I would like to quickly plant tomato seedlings in the ground. When and how best to do it?

Planting tomato seedlings in open ground is a serious moment. To come to him, you had to do a lot of work: select seeds and prepare them for sowing, plant tomato seeds for seedlings, dive seedlings and care for them.

You may have grown tomato seedlings without picking, but you still spent a lot of time and effort on it. Some mistakes when planting tomatoes in open ground can ruin the seedlings. To prevent this, before planting seedlings in open ground, you need to clearly determine the timing and scheme of planting, as well as further care for tomatoes in the garden.

When to plant tomato seedlings in open ground

To answer the question of when to plant tomato seedlings in open ground, you need to know their variety and your geographic location. By the time the seedlings are planted, the average daily air temperature should be at least 120C.

Tomato seedlings are ready for planting in the ground when they reach a height of 20 - 25 cm and 7 - 9 well-developed leaves appear on it. We are talking, of course, about normal, unstretched seedlings. If the tomato seedlings have outgrown, at the time of planting in the ground, its height can be much higher. Consider when to plant seedlings of early and mid-season tomato varieties in Ukraine, as well as in the central and southern regions of Russia.

Dates of planting seedlings of early varieties of tomatoes

Residents of Ukraine and the South of Russia should plant seedlings of early varieties of tomatoes from April 15 to May 1. In the central regions of Russia, seedlings of early varieties of tomatoes are planted in the ground from May 1 to 15.

In Ukraine and southern Russia, seedlings of mid-season tomato varieties are planted in the ground from May 1 to 15. Residents of the central regions of Russia plant seedlings of mid-season tomato varieties from June 1 to 10. Seedlings planted in the ground must be covered with transparent plastic wrap or "Lutrasil", because in April - May the weather is not stable and a cold snap may occur. It is advisable to remove the film not earlier than June 5-10, when the threat of a sharp drop in temperature will finally recede. However, "Lutrasil" may not be removed from the garden throughout the summer, this will have a positive effect on the tomato harvest.

Choosing a site for growing tomatoes

Tomatoes are very light-loving plants, so to grow them you need to choose a sunny place on the southern slope, protected from cold winds.Tomatoes do not like high humidity, so they should not be planted in low, damp areas with a close standing of groundwater.

Light soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction are suitable for growing tomatoes. The optimum soil pH for a tomato is 6.0 - 6, 7. A good option is loamy soils with the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers.

When choosing a site for growing tomatoes, pay attention to what plants grew there before. The best precursors for tomatoes are legumes, root vegetables, and green crops. The area where potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants and physalis used to grow is not suitable, since there is a high probability of infection with late blight.

Before making the ridges, the soil is treated with a solution of copper sulfate or copper oxychloride, prepared at the rate of 1 tablespoon of the drug per 10 liters of water. The garden is watered in such a way that 1 - 1.5 liters of solution was taken per 1 m2 of soil.

After that, fertilizers are applied to the soil. For each square meter of clay or loamy soil, a little organic (1 bucket of dung + 1 bucket of peat + 1 bucket of sawdust) and mineral (2 tablespoons of superphosphate + 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate or 2 glasses of wood ash) fertilizers are applied, after which the soil dug up and watered with a hot solution of potassium permanganate, 3-4 liters per 1 m2. The ridges are prepared 5 - 6 days before the tomato seedlings are planted in the ground.

Planting tomato seedlings in open ground

It is best to plant tomato seedlings in the ground on a cloudy day. If the weather is sunny, you need to wait for the evening, so that during the night the plants get stronger and normally tolerate the open sun. The scheme for planting seedlings in the ground depends on the variety of tomatoes, their height, and the irrigation system.

You need to plant seedlings so that neighboring plants do not interfere with each other. Each tomato should be provided with the maximum amount of air and sunlight. Medium-sized tomato varieties are planted at a distance of 50 - 60 cm from each other, while the row spacing is 60 cm.

Low-growing tomato varieties are planted at a distance of 40 cm from each other, a distance of about 50 cm is left between the rows. It is convenient to plant tomatoes in two rows, leaving a technical opening between them, as shown in the diagram. When watering, the hose can be thrown directly into this passage.

A passage of about 80 cm wide should be left between two pairs of rows.

Before planting in the ground, tomato seedlings should be watered abundantly, this will greatly facilitate the process of removing the plants from the pots and reduce the likelihood of root damage during the transplanting. Tomato holes are made deep on the bayonet of a shovel. Before planting the seedlings, the holes are poured to the top with water and wait until it is absorbed. When the holes are ready, the tomato seedlings are carefully removed from the pots, trying not to disturb the earthen ball, and vertically deepened into the soil. The root is lightly sprinkled with earth and a little compost or rotted manure is scattered around the stem. Then the hole is again sprinkled with soil, tamped and watered with 1 - 2 liters of water for each tomato. Pegs are immediately placed next to each tomato for further garter. For low-growing varieties of tomatoes, pegs with a height of about 50 cm are suitable, for medium-sized ones - 80 cm.It is worth noting that it is better to tie tomatoes not to pegs, but to arcs and a stretched wire to a height of 1 - 1.2 m.For tying tomatoes, it is advisable to use synthetic twine , from which the stem does not rot.After planting the tomato seedlings in the ground, the garden bed should be covered with a transparent film. When the seedlings take root and the weather is warm outside, the shelter can be removed. Until the seedlings take root in a new place, they do not water it. It usually takes 8-10 days for tomatoes to adapt. After this time, the first watering can be done. A couple of weeks after planting in the ground, the tomatoes need to be spud up to a stem height of up to 12 cm.

When to plant tomato seedlings

One of the first questions about planting tomato seedlings in open ground is planting time. It is impossible to say unequivocally. Planting time depends on the variety, climatic conditions in your region.

Nevertheless, we will try to consider the timing of planting tomatoes, depending on the region and variety. So the seedlings of early varieties of tomatoes for the South of Russia and in Ukraine should be planted from April 15 to May 1.

With regards to the central regions of Russia, the dates for planting seedlings in open ground fall on May 1-15. Mid-season tomato varieties in southern Russia and Ukraine are planted from May 1 to 15, in the central regions of Russia - from June 1 to 10.

After planting, the seedlings are covered with a film, because everyone knows that April and May are months when the weather is still unstable and cold snaps are not uncommon. You need to remove the film after June 10. At this time, the threat of damage to plants has already passed.

Planting tomatoes in open ground

For planting tomatoes in open ground, you need to choose well-lit areas that will be protected from the wind. In addition, tomatoes cannot be planted in the lowlands, since they do not like high humidity.

A good option for growing tomatoes would be loamy soils, into which mineral fertilizers are applied and. Soils for tomatoes should be light with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. Before planting tomatoes in open ground, the seedlings should have a well-developed root system, 7-8 true leaves and reach a height of 30 cm. Should be as follows: the distance between rows is 1 m, between plants 0.5 m. You also need to take care of the columns on which stretch the wire and subsequently tie the tomatoes.

The pillars are spaced 2 m apart. The seedlings are planted in a prepared ditch. Its depth is equal to the bayonet of a shovel. Humus is poured at the bottom.

Seedlings with a clod of earth are placed in a ditch and sprinkled with earth. Before that, it will not be superfluous to soak the cups with seedlings with a solution of chicken manure or mullein. After all the plants are planted, the ditch is covered with earth and watered well.

It also follows, whether it be decomposed sawdust or humus. Seedlings take root in a new place for about 10 days.

Tomato care

Growing tomatoes outdoors naturally also requires proper care. It consists in pinching, pest control, loosening the soil, protection from inclement weather, in particular from cold snaps, as well as timely watering.

If prolonged cold snaps are expected, the tomatoes are best covered with earth. After the threat of frost has passed, the plants are freed from the ground. Above it was said about mulching for a reason.

Thanks to the mulch, the formation of a soil crust can be avoided, as it causes the plants to lose moisture. Only when favorable conditions are created for the development and growth of tomatoes can a good harvest be expected. Now with regard to watering.

You need to water the tomatoes at the root in the aisles and try to prevent water from getting on the plants themselves. Watering should be repeated once a week. The soil must be moistened 35 cm deep.

Watering after the ovaries appear, as well as when the fruits begin to pour, should be regular, more frequent and in large volumes. Lack of moisture can cause the fruit to crack. I would like to say a few words about pollination.

Tomatoes, in principle, have enough pollen for self-pollination, but much depends on the weather conditions. So at temperatures below +13 ° C, the quality of pollen decreases, above + 35 ° C, the flowers simply fall off.

To attract bees to pollination of tomatoes, it is necessary to plant such plants between them as mustard, basil, etc., i.e. honey plants. Even if the conditions for pollination are favorable, it will not be superfluous to play it safe and help them a little - gently shake the stem.

Top dressing of tomatoes

Tomatoes need to be fed once every 10-15 days.For this, slurry or chicken droppings are used. In the first case, the ratio should be 1:10 - manure-water, in the second - 200 g of manure per 10 liters of water.

All this is insisted, as well as when feeding seedlings. When watering, one plant should have 2-3 liters of liquid. We will not go into too much detail on feeding, since a separate article is devoted to this, where you can find out what fertilizers are used in the process of growing tomatoes.

About ripening and harvesting

The ripening of tomatoes, as well as the timing of planting, depend on the variety and area in which they are grown. Ripening of early varieties in the middle lane begins in the tenths of July. Mid-season varieties begin to ripen in early August.

Late-ripening varieties in the open field do not have time to ripen. In August, the fruits are harvested while still green. To avoid damage, fruit collection must be timely.

In the event of an unfavorable weather forecast, which boils down to temperature changes and high humidity, it is better to collect all the fruits that have poured from the site. As can be judged from everything described above, there are no difficulties in growing tomatoes.

The most important thing is not to be lazy, if, of course, you want to get a normal harvest. This is where the article on growing tomatoes in open ground can be completed.

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In recent years, varieties and hybrid forms of tomatoes for growing in Ukraine are being actively created not only by Ukrainian, but also by foreign experienced breeders. Planting tomatoes in open ground in Ukraine implies not only the correct choice of the variety, but also the observance of the technology of growing vegetables.

The best and most productive varieties

The main criterion for choosing the best variety for growing in the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine is resistance to temperature extremes in combination with high productivity and excellent taste.

Variety or hybrid name	Bush	Fruit	Ripening period	Dignity
"Household"	Indeterminate, up to two meters high, hand type	Correct rounded shape, red coloration, universal use	Mid-early	Up to 10-11 kg of marketable fruits from each plant
"Sonyachne Kolo"	Indeterminate shrub up to two meters high, with good foliage and a powerful stem	Rounded-flat shape, red, weighing up to 300 g	Mid-season	Resistant to most fungal diseases
"Lord"	Determinant plant with a strong and well developed aerial part	Rounded shape, with slight ribbing, red coloration	Medium ripening	The variety most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the country
"Kremenchugsky"	Determinant and medium leafy, highly productive	Red, fleshy, flat-round shape, weighing up to 110-140 g	Early ripe	Needs competent care for high productivity
"Newbie"	Determinant and medium-leafy	Orange-red color, with fleshy pulp, weighing up to 100 g	Early ripe	Resistant to overripening and mechanical damage variety
"Lagidny"	Determinant and medium leafy plant	Red, with fleshy pulp, plum-shaped, weighing up to 60-70 g	Early ripe	High-yielding variety with a harmonious return of the harvest
Solaris	Determinant plant with a strong and well developed aerial part	Bright red, flat-round shape, fleshy, weighing up to 170 g	Mid-season	Keeping quality and transportability of the crop, disease resistance
"Mobile"	Determinant type medium leafy plant with high productivity	Bright red color, flat-round shape, fleshy, weighing up to 120 g	Mid-early	High taste characteristics and transportability of the crop
"Liana"	Determinant shrub with good foliage	Red, dense, rounded, weighing up to 80 g	Ultra-ripe	TMV resistance and long fruiting period

Seed preparation for sowing

It should be remembered that there are several reasons for low germination, among which the most common are the use of seeds that are too old or infected with diseases for sowing, as well as the lack of optimal conditions for germination and improper preparation of seed material for sowing. Currently, gardeners use several methods of pre-sowing preparation:

• germination test by immersing a test batch in water at room temperature, followed by planting in the ground;
• rejection of defective, deformed, too small or large, hollow and incorrectly colored seeds;
• calibration of seed material in a saline solution in order to remove low-resemblance seeds that have floated to the surface;
• disinfection in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, followed by rinsing in clean water and drying.

To effectively increase the germination rates of tomato seeds, it is recommended to process them in special stimulating solutions.

Also read: Potatoes "Nikulinsky": characteristics and features of cultivation

Tomatoes: planting seedlings in open ground (video)

The technology for obtaining high-quality seedlings is as follows:

• the soil for growing seedlings should be good at storing water and nutrients, chemically neutral, with a good level of aeration;
• the optimal composition is represented by one part of sod or fertile soil, one part of compost, ½ part of coarse sand and ½ part of peat with the addition of a glass of ash and 50 g of superphosphate;
• the prepared soil mixture should be disinfected at a high-temperature regime in an oven;
• sowing of pre-prepared seed material is carried out in well-moistened soil with a depth of no more than a centimeter;
• so that tomato seedlings do not stretch out, after the emergence of mass shoots, the seedling boxes should be installed in a well-lit place with a temperature regime of 17-19 ° C in the daytime and about 15 ° C at night;
• after the appearance of the third true leaflet, the seedlings should be picked into separate planting containers, the dimensions of which should be 8 x 8 cm or 10 x 10 cm.

Caring for tomato seedlings consists in regular watering with settled water at room temperature and top dressing with complex fertilizers a couple of times during the growing period. High-quality tomato seedlings have a stem 30-35 cm high and 8-10 mm in diameter, as well as about 7-9 leaves and one flower cluster.

Landing rules

Planting tomato seedlings on open ground ridges is carried out in May-June, after the danger of plant damage by late spring frosts has completely passed and the air temperature comfortable for the growth and development of vegetable crops has been established. The rules for planting seedlings are as follows:

• cabbage, legumes, onions, beets, carrots or turnips can be considered as optimal precursors for tomato;
• after growing peppers, eggplant or potatoes, tomatoes can be grown no earlier than three years later;
• plots with organic-rich soil and the introduction of humus or compost at the stage of digging at the rate of 4-6 kg per m² should be allocated for tomatoes;

• in addition to organic matter, during the autumn digging, it is recommended to introduce phosphorus-potassium complexes of fertilizers;
• the depth of the prepared planting holes should slightly exceed the size of the seedling container;
• it is recommended to plant seedlings in an ordinary way, maintaining a distance between rows of 50-60 cm;
• the standard planting density of tall varieties and hybrids is about 3-4 plants per square meter;
• when planting varieties formed in one stem, it is necessary to adhere to planting in the amount of 6-10 bushes per square meter;
• if the bushes will form in 2-3 stems, then the number of plants per square meter should be no more than 4-6 pieces.

After planting, the plants need to be watered abundantly and shaded from the sun's rays, using improvised means or a special awning mesh.

Care features

Growing tomatoes on ridges in the open field involves a number of care measures:

• regular watering of plants under the root with warm water;
• on especially hot days and dry periods, at least a liter of water should be spent on each bush;
• irrigation measures are mandatory before loosening, as well as in the flowering phase and after feeding the plants with dry fertilizers;
• plants should be regularly inspected for disease or pest damage, and preventive spraying of the aerial part should be carried out.

How to pinch tomatoes (video)

Regarding the formation of tomato bushes, one should take into account the fact that the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine or the Stavropol Territory allow growing plants in several stems, which has a beneficial effect on the yield of vegetable crops.

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Tomatoes have become obvious regulars in vegetable gardens in Ukraine. It is easy to grow them, take care of the planted garden culture too, which is why they are in such demand among gardeners.

Growing tomatoes in Ukraine: plant nuances

Growing tomatoes starts with buying seeds and planting them for seedlings. The first stage is always the most difficult because it determines the further development of tomatoes. Seeds must be prepared by processing in a special solution, and then hardened. The potting soil used for planting the seeds also needs to be worked out. The first step is to choose a high-quality, nutritious substrate, which is complemented by loosening components. It is also processed - often with a solution of potassium permanganate, after which, being completely acceptable for planting, it is used as a basis for seed germination.

Tomatoes are grown outdoors in Ukraine after the seedlings grow up. You can immediately plant tomatoes with seeds, but this option can reduce the success rate several times, if, according to the experience of a gardener, this is the first planting, or the climatic conditions of the region do not contribute to the normal development of garden crops in the open field.

Rules for growing tomatoes in the open field in Ukraine

In order to plant and grow good tomatoes, certain planting rules must be followed. Seedlings or tomato seeds should not be planted too densely, adhering to the established distance between the planting holes. Clearly delineated rows of tomatoes will help seedlings in the future to receive more lighting, air and nutrients from fertilizing. It will also be easy for a gardener to take care of them if an emergency situation arises.

The air and soil temperature when planting tomatoes in open ground should not exceed 23 degrees. The soil must be moistened and loosened. Planting tomatoes in the ground in Ukraine is best done in the southern areas, and the south-eastern and south-western territories are also suitable. Tomatoes planted on the south side of the plot give a richer crop, especially if they were planted near a building, fence or fence. The site for planting should involve the further establishment of support stakes that would support the plants so that they do not break.

Outdoor tomato care in Ukraine

Once planted, tomatoes must be properly cared for so that they develop normally and bear fruit. Tomato care is carried out constantly, excluding only weeks of fruiting. Tomatoes need to be watered often, given that this garden crop is formed due to two factors - watering and sunlight.

It is necessary not to forget about dressings, which not only play an important role in the development of tomatoes in the soil, but also improve the protective function of seedlings and adult tomatoes, due to which they get sick less, more easily resist unfavorable environmental factors and recover faster after all difficult procedures. It is especially important to apply these rules to delicate or weak tomato varieties that are difficult to grow in the open field, being adapted for development in a greenhouse.

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Planting tomatoes in open ground in Ukraine is carried out according to the generally accepted scheme. Gardeners are guided by the warm climate and the lunar calendar. In order for the harvest to be rich, and fruiting began earlier, you should take into account some secrets and take note of the tips below.

Determining the terms

Tomato planting dates for the entire territory of Ukraine cannot be the same. In the southern and northern regions, climatic conditions are different. In addition to geographic location, it is important to consider tomato varieties.

By the time the tomato is planted, the average air temperature should be about 15 ° C. The minimum allowable value is 12 ° C. If the air is not warmed up enough, the landing will not give positive results. Tomatoes are very thermophilic plants. This culture is whimsical, seedlings do not take root in cold soil.

Spring frosts in the morning pose a significant threat to tomatoes. They need to beware, as sometimes they can be observed even at the beginning of May in the central, western, eastern and northern regions of the country.

It is allowed to plant tomato seedlings in open ground, provided that its height is 20-25 cm. 7-9 formed leaves should appear on each seedling. You need to plant normal seedlings that are not too long. At the time of planting, the overgrown seedlings will be much higher than the specified length.

Therefore, you need to choose only fruitful varieties of tomatoes. They can be early, mid-season and late. Early varieties of tomatoes for open ground can be planted from mid-April to early May. It is permissible to carry out the procedure from May 1 to May 7, but the harvest can be harvested a little later. In the south of Ukraine, residents do not have to delay with the process, there are ideal conditions for a vegetable crop. Experienced gardeners recommend planting mid-ripening varieties of tomatoes for open ground in Ukraine from early to mid-May.

Immediately after planting seedlings, which should feel comfortable in the open field, you need to cover the beds with a transparent polyethylene film. An alternative option is Lutrasil.

The film is removed after a few weeks, when the gardener becomes confident that there is no threat of morning frosts and sharp drops in air temperature. Lutrasil can be left in the beds for all summer months. This will only have a positive impact and help you get an even larger and better harvest.

Important recommendations

Growing tomatoes is a laborious process that requires a lot of effort from a person. Tomatoes first need to be sown with seeds, then a pick, prepare (harden) them for open ground.

Before the start of planting activities, it is necessary to choose the right place for planting. Since the plant in question is very fond of sunlight, the choice should be made in favor of well-lit slopes on the south side. The area should not be blown by a cold wind.

Tomatoes do not tolerate too high humidity levels. Under these conditions, they look weak due to disease attack, for example, root rot. Therefore, such a vegetable crop cannot be planted in areas that are located in lowlands, where there is a close standing of groundwater.

A soil that has a neutral or slightly acidic reaction is ideal for planting. The PH of the soil should be around 6-6.7. A suitable option can be called loamy soil, to which mineral and organic fertilizers should be added to increase the level of its fertility.

When choosing a site, you need to pay attention to predecessors. Do not plant on a plot where the following vegetables were grown last season:

• potato;
• eggplant;
• tomatoes;
• pepper;
• physalis.

There is a high level of risk of infecting the plant with late blight (tomato leaves turn yellow, dry out). If infection could not be avoided, then you will need to immediately treat the culture with special preparations. This procedure should be carried out as a preventive measure.

Quality preparation

Even when planting very productive varieties of tomatoes, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance. Before making the beds, the soil is treated with a solution based on copper sulfate (it can be replaced with copper oxychloride). The solution is prepared as follows: in 10 liters of water add 1 tbsp. l. any of these drugs. Watering the site should be moderate. For each square meter of soil, you can spend about 1-1.5 liters of the mixture.

Further, the soil is fertilized. Organic and mineral fertilizers must be applied to the above-mentioned area of ​​clay or loamy soil. The composition of the organic blend includes:

• manure humus (bucket or 10 liters);
• peat (10 l);
• wood sawdust (10 l).

A mixture of mineral fertilizers is made from superphosphate (2 tbsp. L.) And potassium sulfate (1 tbsp. L.). The last component can be replaced with wood ash (2 tbsp. L.).

Next, the soil must be dug up and watered with manganese solution (it must be hot). It is used for each square meter of 4 liters of solution. The preparation of the ridges is carried out 5 days before planting the plant in the ground.

To get beautiful fruits in abundance, you need to do all the activities on time. On the open ground, seedlings will take well if they are planted in cloudy weather or in the evening. During the night, the plant will be able to get stronger a little, adapt to new conditions, normally perceive the effects of sunlight the next day.

Planting technology

The plan for planting seedlings in open ground varies. Changes are made taking into account the variety of tomatoes, the irrigation system used, the height of the vegetable crop. In an open area, seedlings should be planted so that the bushes do not shade each other. It is necessary for each plant to provide the maximum supply of air and light.

When a medium-sized tomato variety is planted, the distance between the plants should be about 50-60 cm. Between the rows - 60 cm. If tomato varieties are selected for Ukraine, there is no doubt about a successful harvest. It may be the "Giraffe" variety, which is suitable for this region, and its bushes are tall. In the process, their length is taken into account (indicated on the package, photo 3 is also posted there), therefore, you need to retreat from the neighboring hole 65-70 cm.

Low-growing tomatoes are planted at a distance of 40 cm, between the beds - 50 cm. Growing tomatoes in the open field is convenient to carry out in 2 beds. A certain opening is left between the rows. You can put a hose into it while watering. If you use this scheme, you should make an 80 cm wide passage between each pair of beds.

Before planting seedlings, it is watered abundantly. Thanks to good watering, it is easy to remove the seedlings from the containers or pots in which they previously grew.This significantly reduces the risk of damaging the formed root system when transplanting a vegetable crop.

The hole for the tomatoes should be the same depth as the bayonet of the shovel. Open ground is watered before planting. Water is poured into each well (then you need to wait for it to be absorbed).

Need to know

Seedlings of any variety of tomatoes are easily damaged. Therefore, it is removed from the container slowly and carefully. The earth ball must not be destroyed. The deepening into the soil is carried out in a vertical position. Sprinkle the roots of the seedlings with soil a little. A small amount of rotted manure or compost is poured around the stems. After that, a little more earth is poured into the hole, which needs to be well tamped. Then water pours (1.5 liters is enough under the bush).

High-yielding varieties can be high. Therefore, you will immediately need to install a peg near each tomato. In the future, it will be needed to tie up the plant. The most productive low-growing varieties, for example, cherry, can also be tied up to save space in the open area. The height of the peg can be 50 cm.For a medium-sized tomato - 80 cm.

Tomatoes are best tied not to pegs, but to a stretched wire or pre-installed arcs. The optimum height is 1-1.5 m. Synthetic twine is used in the tying process. It helps to avoid stem rot.

Seedlings of this culture need a certain time to take root in a new place. Until it is accepted, it should not be watered. Under normal climatic conditions, the adaptation period for a vegetable is 7 to 10 days. After its completion, the plant is watered. After 14 days from the moment of planting, the plants are huddled. The stem is approximately 12 cm tall.

Early planting of tomato seedlings in open ground (video)

additional information

What varieties are the most suitable, what is it worth taking a closer look at? Every gardener should choose the most productive tomatoes that are characterized by excellent taste.

The most productive varieties:

• "Sanka" (early variety);
• "Korneevsky", "Dneprovskie Zori" (medium grades);
• Ephemer (early);
• "Volgograd Late".

Before buying any of the varieties, you should look at the photo of the fruit and familiarize yourself with the characteristics presented. Some tomatoes are preferable to be eaten fresh or used for making various sauces. Other varieties are better suited for canning, salting.

When purchasing tomato seeds, you need to make sure that the packaging contains an inscription about growing in the open field. The period of fruit ripening is important. For planting, you need to take such seeds, the duration of plant development from which will be no more than 105 days. Additionally, such a vegetable crop can not be fed. However, on sunny and warm days of June, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied under the bushes.

For many gardeners, the process of growing fruits only brings pleasure, although it is quite laborious. In the process, you need to take into account a number of nuances, observe the deadlines, and follow the above tips. The result of good activity will justify all efforts and allow you to enjoy delicious fruits.

Tomato seedlings: from picking to planting (video)