Hydrangea pinky vinca paniculata planting and care in the open field

Panicle hydrangea varieties Pinky Winky was bred by Belgian breeders 11 years ago and has shown itself well not only in the gardens of Europe, but also in Russia.

The main qualities of this shrub are a long flowering period, an abundance of inflorescences and good frost resistance, which are very important not only for the middle lane, but also for the southern regions of Russia.

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Description of Pinkie Winky hydrangea

This garden shrub attracts attention with its unusual appearance and pleases the eye. Among dozens of artificially bred varieties, this variety stands out for its high decorative properties.

Hydrangea flowers have an unusual color that is changing throughout the flowering period. Freshly blossomed inflorescences are white, then they gradually turn pink and dark red. At the same time, the growth of inflorescences continues, and flowers of different colors can be seen on one brush - white at the crown, pink in the middle and dark, crimson-red at the bottom; This variety of hydrangea blooms for five months - from June to the end of October (until the first frost); Bush growing rapidly, its shoots are annually lengthened by 25-35 centimeters. An adult plant reaches a height of 1.7 to 2 meters; The dark green leaves of the shrub turn crimson red in September. At this time of the year, the plant looks especially picturesque; The plant has strong branches, its crown does not fall apart under the weight of heavy flowers, a properly cut bush always retains a pyramidal shape; Hydrangea Pinky Winky grows well both in the south and in central Russia. It is grown even in the south of Siberia, but in this case, the plant is planted in a container, which is transferred to the cellar for the winter.

Planting material, planting and caring for pinky vinca hydrangea

In order to grow a tall, healthy bush, you need to purchase good planting material, choose and prepare correctly landing place... It is necessary to immediately purchase the chemicals that will be needed to prepare the soil and further fertilize.

• The seedlings purchased in a specialized nursery are guaranteed to take root, as they are grown in special plastic containers or in plastic bags. Such cultivation completely preserves the root system of the plant, when transplanting, the roots are not exposed and the bush will not hurt. They can be planted in any month of spring and summer. If you buy seedlings from private individuals, make sure that roots were minimally exposed.

  You can buy seedlings with bare roots, but they can be ill for a long time and are unlikely to grow well in the first year. They can only be planted in early spring;

• For planting hydrangeas, choose a place that will lit by the sun all day... But the Pinkie Winky variety allows planting in a place where a thin shadow from the crowns of other shrubs and trees falls for several hours. In any case, it is better to choose a place with maximum illumination. The landing site should not be blown by winds;
• The soil should be loose, well permeable to water. It should be high in organic acids and low in calcium. That is, it is not allowed to introduce lime into such soil; humus must be applied as an organic fertilizer. You can not bring clean manure, which greatly increases the temperature of the soil and burns the roots;
• Planting hydrangeas: a deepening of the required width is made in the soil, up to 50 centimeters deep. At the bottom of the pit, humus, rotted leaves, sand and peat are placed in equal proportions. This composition is sometimes added with soil for coniferous crops, which is sold in shops for gardeners;
• Sprinkle seedlings with earth and watered well. Water is poured into the pit itself before planting;
• Shrub must get water constantly, from spring to autumn. Therefore, the land should always be moist, it is watered depending on the weather, as needed. To retain moisture in hot weather, the ground is covered with grass (hay), sawdust, pine needles, you can use peat. The procedure for creating a protective layer is called "mulching";
• Top dressing in the form of saltpeter and other mineral fertilizers is applied once or twice a year (for young shrubs - only in autumn, for mature ones - in spring and autumn).

IMPORTANT: Choosing a planting site and soil is critical to the health of Pinkie Winky hydrangeas.

Reproduction methods

The plant reproduces by branches and cuttings. Practitioners note that this is a difficult matter, which is better to be entrusted to professionals.

Reproduction by branches: a strong branch of a bush is folded back and fixed in the ground, in a small hole. Soil is poured on top, and the outlet itself is fixed (tied to the holder). After a year, the branch will take root, and it can be dug up and transplanted to another place. Experience shows that bends can be created either in spring or early autumn;

Propagation by cuttings: Cuttings are prepared during plant pruning. The selected branches are placed in water for several days, then cut into pieces with 3-4 internodes. These are the cuttings. A special growth stimulator (heteroauxin, other drugs) is applied to the lower sections and planted in the soil, poured into a container, covering two-thirds of the cutting with earth. The soil is made from sand (50%) and peat (50%). From above, the container is covered with plastic wrap. The cuttings are stored until spring, planted in the soil when new shoots appear (usually at the end of the next summer).

Pruning

The plant needs annual pruning and crown formation. All branches directed inside the bush are cut with pruning shears. All thickened areas are also thinned out. Branches directed to the sides are also cut off, but not significantly, by one or two buds. Pruning is necessary for more than just creating a beautiful crown.

In densely growing leaves and flowers, pests and fungi feel great.

How to get through the winter?

Pinky Winky hydrangea is considered frost-resistant plant, it can withstand temperatures up to minus 25 degrees. The older the plant, the higher its winter hardiness. It is better to plant young plants in containers, which are removed to the cellar for the winter. Low hydrangeas, already fixed in the ground, need to be covered. This is done using fallen leaves. The leaves can be warmed up on the plant in the form of a large cone, but it is better to make a lattice formwork around the bush and place the leaves in it, in which case the winter winds will not be able to carry the leaves away. Before wintering, you need to cut off all the inflorescences with a pruner. They are no longer needed by the plant and only make it heavier. If the hydrangea hibernates uncovered, the snow may simply break off branches with heavy inflorescences.

IMPORTANT: If severe frosts are expected, the bushes must be covered with pine or spruce branches.

Diseases

Diseases that can occur in Pinkie Winky hydrangea are divided into infectious and non-infectious.

Non-infectious associated with improper plant placement in the garden, excessive watering, insufficient watering, high ambient humidity, improper selection of soil composition, improper application of top dressing, the appearance of aphids and spider mites on the leaves. An excess of any chemical elements or their deficiency can lead to the death of a plant. Bush leaves can be eaten by slugs;

Infectious diseases are associated with the appearance on the roots, stems and leaves (and inside them) of fungi, viruses and bacteria that destroy the plant and spoil its appearance.

Infectious and non-infectious diseases lead to the death of the plant. The onset of the disease can always be seen by a change in the type of leaves - their color changes, the edges curl, spots appear on the leaves, brownish and reddish areas.

At the first signs of the disease, you need to start fighting it.

• If the veins of the leaves are light, light green, it means that there is not enough iron in the soil. This disease is called chlorosis. There is an excess of calcium (lime) in the soil. In this case, you need to feed with preparations with iron (iron salts);
• The composition of the soil should be analyzed, it is better if it is done by specialists in an agro-seed laboratory. They will accurately determine the composition and acidity of the soil. This is not a free service, but if your garden is dear to you, it should be done. After that, you can add the right amount of fertilizing and chemicals;
• If you over-water, you need to stop doing this. It is necessary to ensure that the moisture content of the soil is medium;
• To combat fungus, aphids, ticks and slugs, special chemicals are used, which are sold in shops for gardeners;
• Killing weeds and tall grass around shrubs reduces the risk of aphids, ticks, snails and slugs.

REFERENCE: to combat fungal diseases, the preparations are used: Fundazol, Oxychom, Abiga-Peak, 1% copper sulfate, 1% Bordeaux liquid, phytosporin, a mixture of gamair with alirin.

Pinky Winky hydrangea goes well with other flowering shrubs, it fits well into many landscape compositions with mixed flower beds. From it you can create flowering hedges, it looks great both near water bodies and next to alpine slides. The beauty of this shrub will be a reward for the time spent caring for it.

Photo

More photos of Pinky Winky panicle hydrangea, see below:

Useful video

Learn how to plant a panicle hydrangea in the following video:

Helpful information

You can familiarize yourself with other materials about garden hydrangea:

1. How to properly care for Bobo panicle hydrangea? Growing and preparing for winter
2. How to properly care for my Limelight hydrangea?
3. How does Oakleaf hydrangea winter?
4. Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora - features of care and reproduction in the garden
5. Climbing hydrangea (petiolate, climbing) is a hedge in your garden!
6. Hydrangea tree annabelle - a snow-white decoration of your site
7. Tree hydrangea in your garden - planting and care, reproduction, wintering
8. How to make friends with a serrated hydrangea?
9. Japanese hydrangea Kyushu in your garden
10. Frost-resistant hydrangea large-leaved
11. How to properly care for a phantom panicle hydrangea? Planting, wintering, reproduction
12. How to properly care for panicle hydrangea vanilla fries?
13. Fragrant "princess" hydrangea paniculata in your garden: care features
14. Breeding secrets of garden hydrangea
15. Garden hydrangea: planting and care, neighborhood in the garden
16. Don't let your garden hydrangea freeze! How to cover a hydrangea for the winter?
17. How to protect your garden hydrangea from diseases and pests?

Lush inflorescences of varied shades in combination with thick green leaves made this variety one of the most attractive in the eyes of flower growers. Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky in 2003 was bred by breeders in Belgium.

Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky description

Perennial ornamental hydrangea bush. In the literature, you can find references to 50-60-year-old plants. For a year, paniculata grows by 25-30 cm. The stems of the bush are powerful and resilient. Its oblong leaves of a dark green color have small notches at the edges. The leaves are wide, rough and pointed towards the ends. A real decoration of the shrub is its cone-shaped inflorescences. White flowers are collected at the end of the stem in the form of a panicle.

Their whole charm lies in the fact that over time they gradually move from pearl white to airy pink shades. The color of the inflorescences is slow and uneven. Therefore, at the same time, the flowers on the bush can be of different colors. Such a picturesque and enchanting view makes Pinkie Winky unique and special among other plants.

The shrub blooms for 3-4 months, from July to September-October, continuously.

Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky frost resistance

The Pinky Winky hydrangea variety can easily endure even severe frosts. In winter, the plant can do without a special shelter and withstand temperatures up to 30 ° Celsius below zero. However, young bushes still need to be prepared in advance for winter. To do this, cover the soil around the trunk with a good layer of dry leaves. And to hide the shrub itself, you can use a dense burlap.

Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky pruning

The plant is usually pruned in early spring to form the desired shape for the shrub. However, the main purpose of pruning is to prevent crown thickening, which will provide an incentive for new shoots to grow. After winter, it is advised to remove frozen and fragile branches, as well as shorten long ones. And in order for the hydrangea bush to take on a beautiful shape, its shoots must be cut into three buds. In the fall, it is necessary to cut off all inflorescences and weak branches. This will prevent the breakage of the shoots from winter snowfalls, which can become an exorbitant burden for them.

Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky watering and soil

Hydrangea is moisture-loving, so it needs to be watered regularly. It grows rapidly in semi-shaded areas on acidic or neutral soil. Mulching will help maintain plant health. The soil surface can be covered with sawdust, peat or grass cuttings. It will also help protect and improve the properties of the outer layer of the earth.

Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky in the landscape

The most valuable feature of the variety is its high strength.

The ability to hold chic, but heavy inflorescences on their own, without props, was highly appreciated by landscape designers.

Since often all kinds of supports and supports for the plant greatly spoil the appearance of the gardening of the garden area.
The beautiful flowering bush of Pinky Winky panicle hydrangea is unpretentious in its care, so it will not burden even a lazy gardener. It looks good near the front door of a country house. Many people like to plant it next to a gazebo or just a bench in the garden. Hydrangea is able to create coziness and romantic atmosphere. She will decorate any garden and will become an object of admiration for her visitors.

The Pinky Winky hydrangea, created 11 years ago by Belgian breeders, is one of the most valuable varieties of the hydrangea family. This unusually ornamental shrub has gained immense popularity among many flower growers due to the beauty of the leaves and lush inflorescences, pleasing to the eye with their purple hues in autumn.

A very valuable feature of this variety of hydrangeas is the increased strength of the branches, capable of holding heavy inflorescences without the participation of props and supports, which often disfigure the appearance of the plant itself and the entire landscape design.

History of name and development

Eight dozen plant species of the hydrangea family belong to the genus of hydrangeas. These luxurious plants were named after the beautiful Hortense, the sister of Charles Henri Nassau-Siegen (prince of the Roman Empire and a talented naval commander of the time of Catherine II).

The Latin name "hydrangea" (meaning "vessel with water") reflects the moisture-loving nature of all members of this family. According to another version, the botanists who systematized the plant meant the pitcher-like shape of its seed pods.

A little about the genus of hydrangeas:

• The overwhelming majority of plants of the genus of hydrangeas are shrubs (reaching 1-3 meters in height).

• There are varieties of hydrangea that are small trees.

• Among the hydrangeas, there are many vines that can climb the thirty-meter mark, using tree trunks as a support.

• Hydrangeas are widespread in Japan, China, the Russian Far East, as well as in South Asia and on both American continents.

• Hydrangeas growing in warm latitudes can be evergreen. Deciduous species are widespread in temperate latitudes.

• Hydrangeas are profusely flowering plants that delight with the beauty of their inflorescences from late spring to late autumn. The powerful stems of these plants end in globular inflorescences in the form of panicles or scutes.

• If you take a closer look at hydrangea inflorescences, you will notice that they consist of two types of flowers: in the middle of the inflorescences are grouped fertile (fertile) flowers, surrounded by large sterile flowers with four pigmented sepals. There are species that have only fertile flowers of the same size.

• Numerous small hydrangea seeds ripen in bolls of 2 or 5 sections.

• Hydrangeas love fertile acidic soils and open, sunny places. The color of the inflorescences of some types of hydrangeas largely depends on the acidity of the soil. Many types of hydrangeas need regular pruning to prevent branches from breaking off.

• Due to the content of cyanogenic glycosides in all parts of the plant, hydrangeas are among the poisonous plants, despite the fact that cases of poisoning are extremely rare: after all, few people will have a desire to taste them.

Hydrangea paniculata Pinky Winky

Hydrangea of ​​this variety is a small tree or shrub with a wide-round (not falling apart) crown shape, reaching two meters in height. This plant stands out from its "counterparts" for various reasons:

• The annual growth of Pinkie Winky hydrangea reaches thirty centimeters.

• Powerful and resilient shrub stems are crowned with cone-shaped panicle inflorescences with a huge number of sterile flowers. At the very beginning of flowering, they have a boiling white color, and then there is a gradual staining of airy inflorescences, acquiring pink-purple hues.

• Coloring of inflorescences is a gradual and unhurried process, due to which the same brush can have both white and purple flowers. It is this property that makes Pinky Winky hydrangea one of the most picturesque and favorite plants of many gardeners. Purple-pink at the base, the inflorescences continue to grow, all the time overgrow at the top with new (pure white) flowers. The shrub blooms continuously from late June to September.

• Lush pyramids of inflorescences stand out especially effectively among the equally beautiful dark green leaves, pubescent along the veins. The wide rough leaves of hydrangea, equipped with serrated edges, change color with the onset of autumn, becoming purple-red, which makes the shrub even more elegant.

How to plant

• The choice of illumination of the landing site.

  Pinky Winky hydrangea (garden hydrangea, planting and caring for it is not an easy and extremely troublesome business) is a photophilous plant that is best planted in a sunny place, sheltered from the wind. However, the shrub may well endure light partial shade.

• Soil characteristics.

  The soil intended for planting hydrangeas should be fertile, loose, well-drained, with an acidic reaction. A well-fertilized light loam can be ideal. The presence of lime in the soil can be detrimental to the plant.

• Purchase of material for growing.

  Hydrangea seedlings are best purchased in a specialized nursery that practices the technology of growing seedlings with a closed root system. According to this technology, seedlings are grown in plastic bags or in special containers, so that they can be planted at any time convenient for the gardener. Such plants take root very quickly and without problems, since there is no risk of damage to the root system.

• Landing time.

  Hydrangea, the root system of which is open, can only be replanted in the spring (from April to May).

• Work with the place of growing hydrangea.

  The depth of the planting pit should not exceed 50 cm. It should be filled with a nutrient substrate, which should include in equal proportions: humus, leafy soil, peat and sand. To acidify the substrate, you can use soil designed for growing conifers. Freshly planted plants should be watered abundantly.

Care features

• Hydrangea is moisture-loving, and therefore needs regular watering throughout the entire period of active growing season. In dry months, soil moisture must be monitored with special care (it should always be loose and moist).

• In order to protect the soil of the near-stem zone from drying out and overheating, you can mulch it with sawdust, cut grass, peat or needles.

• Feeding a young plant with complex mineral fertilizer should be started in the fall. Mature plants are fed twice: in early spring and in autumn.

Wintering

Adult Pinky Winky hydrangeas tolerate cold temperatures well (even frosts down to -25 degrees) and do without a special shelter, but young plants are so sensitive to cold that they can die, so they need to be prepared for wintering.

As a covering material, you can use a thick layer of burlap, as well as spruce branches of conifers. The near-stem area must be covered with a thick layer of dry foliage or peat. The winter hardiness of hydrangeas will increase every year.

Pruning rules

Adult pinkie winky hydrangea bushes (Vanilla Frazia paniculata hydrangea is just as demanding on pruning) need regular pruning for a crown-forming and sanitary purpose. Timely pruning, which prevents thickening of the crown, at the same time stimulates the growth of new viable shoots.

Pruning is carried out at the very beginning of spring, removing frozen and weak branches directed inside the crown. Large branches located along the perimeter of the plant are left, shortening by only two pairs of buds.

To prevent fragile shoots from breaking in the fall, it is necessary to cut off all the inflorescences, since the snow that has settled on them can become an exorbitant burden for the branches.

Appointment of Pinkie Winky hydrangea

• Pinky Winky hydrangea is a great decoration for any garden, especially coloristic, since it is a very picturesque sight at any period of active vegetation. Lush bicolor panicles of inflorescences, effectively standing out against the background of bright foliage, will delight the eye until the first frost.

• Being an accent plant, hydrangea fits perfectly into any landscape composition of decorative deciduous trees and shrubs, forming spectacular tree and shrub groups. Hydrangeas are often planted along the banks of decorative reservoirs, used in mixborders (mixed flower beds that border the borders of a lawn or garden plot). The hedges of flowering plants are extraordinarily beautiful.

• Pinky Winky's hydrangea is no less good in the style of a classic garden. However, even on an ordinary garden plot, a bush of luxuriously blooming hydrangea will be an object of admiring attention.

• Pinky Winky's hydrangea is appropriate everywhere: it can be used to decorate the front porch of a country house, and to cover the unsightly backyards of the household yard.

• Planted next to a gazebo or garden bench, it will create an atmosphere of romance and comfort.

• Pinky Winky's hydrangea can create a harmonious ensemble with perennial plants planted on picturesque lawns and lawns.

In 2003, breeders in Belgium created a valuable variety of the Gortnesian family - Hydrangea Pinky Winky. An unusual ornamental plant has become quite popular with flower growers. Attracts people's attention thanks to its beautiful leaves and lush inflorescences, and in the fall it pleases with its purple hue. In this article, you can find a detailed description of this tree plant.

General characteristics and description of the Pinky Winky panicle hydrangea

They named this type of plant in honor of Hortense, the sister of the prince of the Roman Empire. The genus includes over eighty different species.Hydrangea of ​​this variety grows in the form of a small tree or bush with a wide crown.... It can reach a height of more than two meters.

Pinky Winky hydrangea bush

An ornamental shrub is a perennial plant. The stem of the shrub is characterized by vigor and resilience. Leaves are oblong in shape with small serrations at the edges. The foliage is dark green. They have a wide shape, pointed towards the end. The leaf is rough to the touch. Pinky Winky's hydrangea inflorescence has a conical shape... White flowers gather at the end of the stem in a panicle shape. A distinctive feature of this species is that the color of the flowers can change to an airy pink hue. Inflorescences are colored for a long period and unevenly. The shrub blooms from July to September.

Climate and growing conditions

This type of shrub loves light, it can also grow in partial shade. For normal growth, the soil must be moist, fertile, loose and acidic... It is recommended to water the plant once every seven days. Loosening is done twice a season. In order for Pinkie Winky to delight with abundant flowering, her shoots are shortened by two-thirds every year. A temperate climate is suitable for this plant.

Frost resistance

This species can even withstand severe frost. No special shelter is required for the winter, as Pinky Winky can withstand temperatures up to 30 degrees below zero... In the event that the bush is young, then it needs preparation for winter time. Preparatory activities include covering the soil with dry leaves and using a dense burlap for the plant itself.

Planting and leaving

The place for planting is selected taking into account some of the characteristics of the plant.:

Optimal for planting Pinkie Winky hydrangeas will be a section in openwork rarefied penumbra or the eastern side, without the scorching sun

1. Hydrangea grows poorly in a shady place... Having planted a bush in the shade, flowering will be weak, and the color will be pale;
2. In the event that the direct rays of the midday sun hit the bush, then inflorescences will lose their decorative qualities, and the leaves will be burned. The rays are harmful to the health of the plant;
3. Do not plant Pinky Winky hydrangea in windy areas., as heavy large panicles will break off and the bush will look unpleasant.

The optimal place for planting Pinkie Winky hydrangeas will be areas where there will be a rarefied partial shade and there will be no scorching sun rays.

When to plant

It should be planted at the beginning of spring.when sap flow has not yet begun. This period is chosen for planting so that the plant takes root before summer and grows stronger by the winter frosts.

Process features

Planting pits should be large, approximately from fifty to seventy centimeters in diameter, and the depth should reach forty centimeters. An organic and mineral fertilizer complex should be added there.

Care

For normal growth, timely watering is needed. It is produced once a month, and in hot weather - twice.... The dense soil is loosened three times per season, the depth of loosening should reach six centimeters. It is recommended to feed the soil with organic fertilizers.

Pinkie Winky's hydrangea should be pruned in time. Pruning occurs due to the fact that inflorescences are formed on the shoot of the current year. It should be held in March. After April, pruning is not done, since the plant will already be developing.

In a young Pinky Winky hydrangea, you need to cut off strong and healthy shoots up to 5 buds, and in adult bushes, only 5-7 cm stumps are left during pruning

Circumcision is carried out with a secateurs. Cut the branches that are directed towards the inside of the plant... Those branches that are directed to the side are also subject to slight pruning for a couple of buds. Thanks to pruning, a beautiful crown is created near the bush.

Landing rules

In order to properly plant Pinky Winky's hydrangea, they make indentations in the soil that reach 50 centimeters wide. At the bottom they put humus, leaves that have already pererereli and equal proportions of sand and peat. The seedling is provided with good watering, first before this procedure, covering it with earth. In order to retain moisture in summer, the soil is covered with dry grass, sawdust... Nitrate is applied twice a year.

Problems with growing Pinkie Winky hydrangea

If the care of this type of hydrangea is organized correctly, then their incidence will be minimal. In the event that the humidity is increased, and the temperature is lowered, Pinky Winky's hydrangea can catch a fungal infectionthat affects inflorescences and leaves. Fungal diseases include powdery mildew, rust fungus.

Spider mite negatively affects not only the foliage of Pinkie Winky's hydrangea, but also the root system

Plant aphids can be damaged when grown in open ground. Slugs, snails and spider mites create many problems when growing shrubs..

In order to avoid problems during cultivation, it is necessary to organize proper care for them. And then the Pinky Winky hydrangea will delight with its beauty, and please you.

Pest control methods

In the presence of fungal diseases Pinky Winky hydrangea is treated with Bordeaux liquid... If this procedure turned out to be ineffective, then a fungicidal preparation is used for treatment. When aphids are damaged, they are treated with folk methods - tincture of garlic or tobacco. In the fight against slugs and snails, the means are powerless, so they are collected and destroyed.

Features of preparation for winter

Before the cold weather sets in, the hydrangea is covered. This is necessary for a safe wintering. Pinky Winky's hydrangea should be carefully insulated so that its ends on young shoots do not freeze... You need to prepare for winter first in autumn, in September. To do this, remove all the leaves, with the exception of the top ones, and feed the shrub with mineral and organic fertilizers. After these procedures, she is covered.

Pinky Winky hydrangea is a frost-resistant plant, however, for young seedlings, it is better to apply a shelter

Depending on what winter is in your area, they choose ways of shelter. In the southern region, the shrubbery is high. BUT for more severe winters, choose one of the shelter methods:

1. Fall asleep with peat and covered with a film;
2. Tie the bush with ropes and carefully attract him to the planks of nails lying on the ground... Next, the plant is tied to them;
3. If the bush is powerful and old, then its wrapped in lutrasil and a metal frame mesh is placed over the plant... Inside, the frame is filled with dry leaves, and the top is closed with roofing material.

When caring for Pinky Winky hydrangea, there are no special difficulties if all the rules and conditions for the normal development of the plant are observed. It is necessary to organize the correct fit and create suitable conditions... Then these luxurious shrubs will delight you with their beauty for several years in a row.