Sea buckthorn planting and care in the open field according to all the rules

Sea buckthorn is a shrub of the Lokhovye family; it mainly grows along the banks of rivers and lakes. It can also grow high in the mountains. It was used for treatment back in Ancient Greece. Then it was undeservedly forgotten. But now sea buckthorn is becoming popular again. It has been cultivated in Russia since the 19th century, varietal plants appeared only in the 30s of the last century.

If the question arose about how to plant sea buckthorn correctly, it means that the gardener has already made the right decision: this useful shrub is necessary on the site.

Immediately you need to decide on the botanical terminology: sea buckthorn can be called both a tree and a shrub. And now more about

Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care

Male and female

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. This means that there are male and female trees. When choosing seedlings for planting, this circumstance must be taken into account first of all. It will not work to distinguish ladies from gentlemen on their own. This can be done during the formation of flower buds - they are much larger on male plants.

On the left are male buds, on the right is a branch of a female tree

Female kidneys are not only half the size, but they also have only 2 covering scales, and male kidneys have 5-6 scales.

If one fruiting tree on the site is enough, you will still have to plant two: a female and a male. For more plants, the sex ratio looks like this: one man for three women. after planting, sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit for 4-6 years.

Video from the site Garden World

If you are still in doubt which tree is male and which is female, watch this video.

Sapling selection

How many trees do you need

For a family of 4 - 5 people, 3 fruit trees are enough. This means you need to buy 1 male tree and 3 female trees.

This refers to the constant year-round presence in the diet of this product in various forms: jelly, jam, juice, oil, freshly frozen berries, compotes.

 How to choose the right one

1. The main rule when buying seedlings, both sea buckthorn and other plants, is not to buy from random sellers.

2. A standard seedling has 4–6 skeletal roots about 20 cm long; trunk with a diameter of approximately 7-9 mm and several shoots.

The bark should not have scratches, wrinkled areas or characteristic pronounced darkening, indicating frozen planting material.

3. Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, root shoots and cuttings. The best purchased planting material is cuttings.

It is quite difficult for an inexperienced gardener to determine the type of origin. If you look closely at the root growth seedling, you will notice that the upper part is more developed than the lower one.

This only applies to female plants. The properties of the male plant do not affect the quality of the fruit. Therefore, they can be taken from friends or neighbors. The main thing is not to be mistaken with the sex and not to be confused. The shoots appear far enough from the mother tree. And if two plants grow side by side, then you can take the female for the masculine.

4. When choosing sea buckthorn, you need to give preference to zoned varieties, that is, those that were grown for a specific climatic zone.

Varieties that grow well, for example, in Altai, will bear poor fruit in the northwestern part of Russia, where the climate is unstable and thaws can be replaced by frosts.

As already mentioned, sea buckthorn wakes up very quickly after winter. In other words, it is very sensitive to thaws. Therefore, a plant that is intended for Siberia reacts differently to warming than a variety for a seaside humid climate.

5. The best option for buying the right seedlings is to choose a reputable nursery and rely on the advice of experienced professionals. 

When to plant - planting dates

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in early spring. Over the summer, the seedling will strengthen the roots, get stronger and winter well.

When planted in autumn, plants may not take root for two reasons:

• the seedling is weak and may not survive frost;
• sea ​​buckthorn very quickly reacts with growth to high temperatures, therefore, in the event of an unexpected thaw, it will begin the vegetative period ahead of time and die with further cooling.

Read how to grow Japanese quince on the site

Landing place

The sea buckthorn root system has its own characteristics: the roots grow in width, reaching a distance of up to 5 meters from the mother tree. At the same time, in the soil, they lie only 15 - 20 cm deep. When choosing a place for a plant, this circumstance must be taken into account first of all.

It is better to plant a shrub away from the place where it is planned to dig up the earth. Otherwise, you can damage the roots, and this will reduce fruiting, and may even destroy the tree. In addition, intensive loosening of the soil in the area of ​​the sea buckthorn root system causes abundant growth of shoots, which makes the tree weak.

The best places for shrubs are along the perimeter of the site, in the farthest corners, where planting of vegetables is not planned.

Sea buckthorn is a photophilous tree. Therefore, it is desirable that the shadow from the outbuildings does not fall on the bushes. Given the small areas of personal plots, it is not easy to choose such a place. You need to observe carefully where the sun is at one time or another of the day, and choose the best landing option.

Soil preparation

It is necessary to prepare the soil for sea buckthorn in the fall.

1. Decrease in acidity

The land where the tree will grow must be leveled. Spread slaked lime over the surface at the rate of 250-400 g / m2 and dig it up. Under trees and shrubs, the soil is always turned over onto the bayonet of a shovel.

Fertilizers can be applied 10-15 days after these measures.

2. Fertilizing the soil

Sea buckthorn needs organic fertilizers - humus, compost and manure.

From minerals, you can add superphosphate or complex additives. Such dressings are sold in ready-made combinations in specialized stores with instructions for use.

If the ground is heavy, which is often the case in clayey areas, then it is good to add sand at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 m2.

You can lay fertilizers over the entire area of ​​the proposed planting or specifically in the holes for each tree. The distance between the recesses is 2 m. This option is much more economical than distribution over the entire site.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly

1. Make holes at a distance of at least 2.5 m from each other in the same row. If there are many trees and there will be several rows, then there should be at least 3 m between the rows.

2. Dig holes about 30 - 40 cm deep and about 50 cm in diameter.

3. In the hole, build a small mound and plant a plant on the top of this elevation. Spread the roots neatly over the slopes and sprinkle with earth up to the root collar of the plant.

4. Arrange a near-stem circle (about 70 cm in diameter) around the seedling, into which pour water at the rate of 2 buckets per hole.

5. Cover the ground with peat or humus to retain moisture.

How to care for a young tree

A young plant does not require special care. Everything you need is laid in the hole when planting, so you do not need to fertilize the soil in the first year. Apply nitrogen fertilizers in a year.

Loosen the soil in the trunk circle carefully to a depth of no more than 5 cm. This is done to remove weeds and oxygenate the root system.

Crown pruning in young plants is not done.

Taking care of an adult tree

Pruning

Mature trees are pruned three to four years after planting. Dry and broken off branches are removed. Rejuvenating pruning can be done after 7 years.

In the bushes of one-year-olds, you can form a crown by cutting the top.

Watering

If the spring is dry, water the trees before flowering. For watering, pour 3-4 buckets under 1 plant. And adult plants need 6-7 buckets of water.

Sea buckthorn loves moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water. In hot weather, water abundantly, but do not allow a swampy state.

In autumn, watering is increased by one and a half times - for full fruiting for the next year, good water-charging watering is needed.

Top dressing

Once every 3 years, add humus to the soil at the rate of 1 bucket and a glass of ash per 1 m2 of the trunk circle.

Disease protection

As you know, diseases are easier to prevent than to cure.In early spring, before flowering and in autumn, after harvesting, the bushes are sprayed with a three percent solution of copper sulfate. You can also treat the branches with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid for disease prevention.

If pests appear on the trees during the ripening of berries, then you need to spray them once a week with ash infusion or Fitoverm.

You can use herbal infusions for pest control with folk remedies.

Reproduction

Undergrowth

This is the easiest way to breed sea buckthorn.

At the age of 4 years, root suckers appear on the tree, from which seedlings can be grown.

With the onset of spring, you need to chop off the sprout from the mother tree with a shovel, dig a hole, sprinkle it with earth, periodically watering it. By the fall, the seedling will have its own root system and it can be planted in a permanent place of growth.

It is important to remember here that the offspring does not retain the properties of the tree from which it was separated.

If you want to experiment with the growth and do not want to wait for the babies to appear on their own, the process can be accelerated. To do this, you need to find a skeletal root in the ground and cut it off near the tree. Leave the slice open on the outside. After a while, shoots form at this place, on which roots will appear.

The shoots must be separated from the mother a year before transplanting and can be planted in the spring.

This property of sea buckthorn saves it when it freezes. If suddenly your sea buckthorn is frozen, then just saw off it and wait until they grow back from the root.

Layers

Reproduction by layering is quite simple.

In this case, the mother plant is better to take a short and young one. One of the lower branches must be bent to the ground and sprinkled. Put some object on top so that the process does not return to its original position. This should be done in early spring. By autumn, the branch will give roots and it will be possible to separate it from the mother and plant immediately, or wait for spring.

Seeds

At the beginning of autumn, ordinary beds are made, as for vegetables, with fertilizers and the addition of sand. Grooves are built with a depth of about 2 cm. The earth is tightly rammed in them.

With the onset of the first frost, the seeds are laid in the grooves at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from each other. Then they are carefully covered with humus at least 1 cm of layer thickness.

Sea buckthorn sprout from seeds

Can be planted in spring. In this case, you must first soak the seeds in water with a temperature of +25 degrees and wait about a week. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground when the soil has warmed up to a depth of 3 - 5 cm. And only after 2 years the seedlings can be planted in a permanent place.

Cuttings

This is done in late autumn or early spring. Annual shoots are cut from trees at the age of 4-5 years and laid for storage in compliance with the temperature regime from 0 to +2 degrees.

At the very beginning of spring, cuttings are cut into a length of about 20 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm.

Collect the cuttings in a bunch, tie and put in water for several days. After that, plant on the beds upside down.

In the fall, the plant will already be quite suitable for planting in a permanent place. But it's better to wait for spring.

How to grow barberry on the site

Varieties

To navigate the varieties, you need to decide what you would like. In the nursery, you can voice your wishes using the following search criteria:

1. A variety for a specific region or climatic zone.
2. The richest in vitamin C.
3. Sea buckthorn with a high yield.
4. With the highest proportion of oil.
5. The content of carotenoids.
6. Winter-hardy variety.
7. With the best taste.

There are more than 60 varieties officially registered in the state register.

Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia

This shrub cannot be called sea buckthorn, although it is also from the sucker family and very much resembles a familiar plant in appearance and properties.

The tree is about 7 meters high with a wide crown. A dioecious plant, like sea buckthorn.

The berries are small, 5 mm in diameter, but very aromatic. Slightly similar to red currants in appearance and taste.

In terms of the content of vitamins, it surpasses the most vitamin varieties of sea buckthorn.

Daurskaya

Low shrub about 3 meters. Frost resistant. Unlike many other varieties, it has no thorns. Gives a very high yield of berries.

Requires care. Does not tolerate weeds and other trees nearby.

If the site has heavy soil or stagnant water, it will not grow.

Altai

Very good for growing in Western Siberia. The name itself speaks of the regional affiliation. Few thorns. The berries are oval, bright orange, sweet. Easy to assemble.

 Darling

This variety grows well in the Urals and in the Central region of Russia. Medium prickly. The fruits are orange, oval, with a dense skin. The taste is moderately sour. Very aromatic. High productivity. Winters well.

Useful video about the features of growing sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a wonderful and useful shrub and is easy to grow and reproduce. Grow in your areas, do not forget about proper care.

Delicious and healthy berries!

Sea buckthorn is a shrub of the Lokhovye family; it mainly grows along the banks of rivers and lakes. It can also grow high in the mountains. It was used for treatment back in Ancient Greece. Then it was undeservedly forgotten. But now sea buckthorn is becoming popular again. It has been cultivated in Russia since the 19th century, varietal plants appeared only in the 30s of the last century.

If the question arose about how to plant sea buckthorn correctly, it means that the gardener has already made the right decision: this useful shrub is necessary on the site.

Immediately you need to decide on the botanical terminology: sea buckthorn can be called both a tree and a shrub. And now more about

Content

• 1 Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care
  • 1.1 Male and female
  • 1.2 Video from the site Garden World
  • 1.3 Selecting a seedling
  • 1.4 When to plant - planting timing
  • 1.5 Landing site
  • 1.6 Soil preparation
  • 1.7 How to properly plant sea buckthorn
  • 1.8 How to care for a young tree
  • 1.9 Taking care of an adult tree
    • 1.9.1 Cropping
    • 1.9.2 Watering
    • 1.9.3 Top dressing
    • 1.9.4 Protection against disease
  • 1.10 Reproduction
    • 1.10.1 Overgrowth
    • 1.10.2 Layers
    • 1.10.3 Seeds
    • 1.10.4 Cuttings
  • 1.11 Varieties
    • 1.11.1 Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia
    • 1.11.2 Daurian
    • 1.11.3 Altai
    • 1.11.4 Favorite
  • 1.12 Useful video about the features of growing sea buckthorn

Growing sea buckthorn - proper planting and care

Male and female

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. This means that there are male and female trees. When choosing seedlings for planting, this circumstance must be taken into account first of all. It will not work to distinguish ladies from gentlemen on their own. This can be done during the formation of flower buds - they are much larger on male plants.

On the left are male buds, on the right is a branch of a female tree

Female kidneys are not only half the size, but they also have only 2 covering scales, and male kidneys have 5-6 scales.

If one fruiting tree on the site is enough, you will still have to plant two: a female and a male. For more plants, the sex ratio looks like this: one man for three women. after planting, sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit for 4-6 years.

Video from the site Garden World

If you are still in doubt which tree is male and which is female, watch this video.

Sapling selection

How many trees do you need

For a family of 4 - 5 people, 3 fruit trees are enough. This means you need to buy 1 male tree and 3 female trees.

This refers to the constant year-round presence in the diet of this product in various forms: jelly, jam, juice, oil, freshly frozen berries, compotes.

How to choose the right one

The main rule when buying seedlings, both sea buckthorn and other plants, is not to buy from random sellers. A standard seedling has 4–6 skeletal roots about 20 cm long; trunk with a diameter of approximately 7-9 mm and several shoots.

The bark should not have scratches, wrinkled areas or characteristic pronounced darkening, indicating frozen planting material.

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, root shoots and cuttings. The best purchased planting material is cuttings.

It is quite difficult for an inexperienced gardener to determine the type of origin. If you look closely at the root growth seedling, you will notice that the upper part is more developed than the lower one.

This only applies to female plants. The properties of the male plant do not affect the quality of the fruit. Therefore, they can be taken from friends or neighbors. The main thing is not to be mistaken with the gender and not to be confused. The shoots appear far enough from the mother tree. And if two plants grow side by side, then you can take the female for the masculine.

When choosing sea buckthorn, you need to give preference to zoned varieties, that is, those that were grown for a specific climatic zone.

Varieties that grow well, for example, in Altai, will bear poor fruit in the North-Western part of Russia, where the climate is unstable and thaws can be replaced by frosts.

As already mentioned, sea buckthorn wakes up very quickly after winter. In other words, it is very sensitive to thaws. Therefore, a plant that is intended for Siberia reacts differently to warming than a variety for a seaside humid climate.

The best option for buying the right seedlings is to choose a reputable nursery and rely on the advice of experienced professionals.

When to plant - planting dates

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in early spring. Over the summer, the seedling will strengthen the roots, get stronger and winter well.

When planted in autumn, plants may not take root for two reasons:

• the seedling is weak and may not survive frost;
• sea ​​buckthorn very quickly reacts with growth to high temperatures, therefore, in the event of an unexpected thaw, it will begin the vegetative period ahead of time and die with further cooling.

Read how to grow Japanese quince on the site

Landing place

The sea buckthorn root system has its own characteristics: the roots grow in width, reaching a distance of up to 5 meters from the mother tree. At the same time, they lie in the soil only 15 - 20 cm deep. When choosing a place for a plant, this circumstance must be taken into account first of all.

It is better to plant a shrub away from the place where it is planned to dig up the earth. Otherwise, you can damage the roots, and this will reduce fruiting, and may even destroy the tree. In addition, intensive loosening of the soil in the area of ​​the sea buckthorn root system causes abundant growth of shoots, which makes the tree weak.

The best places for shrubs are along the perimeter of the site, in the farthest corners, where planting of vegetables is not planned.

Sea buckthorn is a photophilous tree. Therefore, it is advisable that the shadow from the outbuildings does not fall on the bushes. Given the small areas of personal plots, it is not easy to choose such a place. You need to observe carefully where the sun is at one time or another of the day, and choose the best landing option.

Soil preparation

It is necessary to prepare the soil for sea buckthorn in the fall.

Decrease in acidity

The land where the tree will grow must be leveled. Spread slaked lime on the surface at the rate of 250-400 g / m2 and dig it up. Under trees and shrubs, the soil is always turned over onto the bayonet of a shovel.

Fertilizers can be applied 10-15 days after these measures.

Fertilizing the soil

Sea buckthorn needs organic fertilizers - humus, compost and manure.

From minerals, you can add superphosphate or complex additives. Such dressings are sold in ready-made combinations in specialized stores with instructions for use.

If the ground is heavy, which is often the case in clayey areas, then it is good to add sand at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 m2.

You can lay fertilizers over the entire area of ​​the proposed planting or specifically in the holes for each tree. The distance between the recesses is 2 m. This option is much more economical than distribution over the entire site.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly

Make holes at a distance of at least 2.5 m from each other in the same row.If there are a lot of trees and there are several rows, then between the rows at least 3 m. Dig holes about 30 - 40 cm deep and about 50 cm in diameter. Make a small mound in the hole and plant a plant on the top of this elevation. Spread the roots neatly over the slopes and sprinkle with earth up to the root collar of the plant. Arrange a near-stem circle (about 70 cm in diameter) around the seedling, into which pour water at the rate of 2 buckets per hole. Cover the ground with peat or humus to retain moisture.

How to care for a young tree

A young plant does not require special care. Everything you need is laid in the hole when planting, so you do not need to fertilize the soil in the first year. Apply nitrogen fertilizers in a year.

Loosen the soil in the trunk circle carefully to a depth of no more than 5 cm. This is done to remove weeds and oxygenate the root system.

Crown pruning in young plants is not done.

Taking care of an adult tree

Pruning

Mature trees are pruned three to four years after planting. Dry and broken off branches are removed. Rejuvenating pruning can be done after 7 years.

In the bushes of one-year-olds, you can form a crown by cutting off the top.

Watering

If the spring is dry, water the trees before flowering. For watering, pour 3-4 buckets under 1 plant. And adult plants need 6-7 buckets of water.

Sea buckthorn loves moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water. In hot weather, water abundantly, but do not allow a swampy state.

In autumn, watering is increased by one and a half times - for full fruiting for the next year, good water-charging watering is needed.

Top dressing

Once every 3 years, add humus to the soil at the rate of 1 bucket and a glass of ash per 1 m2 of the trunk circle.

Disease protection

As you know, diseases are easier to prevent than to cure. In early spring, before flowering and in autumn, after harvesting, the bushes are sprayed with a three percent solution of copper sulfate. You can also treat the branches with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid for disease prevention.

If pests appear on the trees during the ripening of berries, then you need to spray them once a week with ash infusion or Fitoverm.

You can use herbal infusions for pest control with folk remedies.

Reproduction

Undergrowth

This is the easiest way to breed sea buckthorn.

At the age of 4 years, root suckers appear on the tree, from which seedlings can be grown.

With the onset of spring, you need to chop off the sprout from the mother tree with a shovel, dig a hole, sprinkle it with earth, periodically watering it. By the fall, the seedling will have its own root system and it can be planted in a permanent place of growth.

It is important to remember here that the offspring does not retain the properties of the tree from which it was separated.

If you want to experiment with the growth and don't want to wait for the babies to appear on their own, the process can be accelerated. To do this, you need to find a skeletal root in the ground and cut it off near the tree. Leave the slice open on the outside. After a while, shoots form at this place, on which roots will appear.

The shoots must be separated from the mother a year before transplanting and can be planted in the spring.

This property of sea buckthorn saves it when it freezes. If suddenly your sea buckthorn is frozen, then just saw off it and wait until they grow back from the root.

Layers

Reproduction by layering is quite simple.

In this case, it is better to take the mother plant short and young. One of the lower branches must be bent to the ground and sprinkled. Put some object on top so that the process does not return to its original position. This should be done in early spring. By autumn, the branch will give roots and it will be possible to separate it from the mother and plant immediately, or wait for spring.

Seeds

At the beginning of autumn, ordinary beds are made, as for vegetables, with fertilizers and the addition of sand. Grooves are built with a depth of about 2 cm. The earth is tightly rammed in them.

With the onset of the first frost, the seeds are laid in the grooves at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from each other. Then they are carefully covered with humus at least 1 cm of layer thickness.

Sea buckthorn sprout from seeds

Can be planted in spring. In this case, you must first soak the seeds in water with a temperature of +25 degrees and wait about a week. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground when the soil has warmed up to a depth of 3 - 5 cm. And only after 2 years the seedlings can be planted in a permanent place.

Cuttings

This is done in late autumn or early spring. Annual shoots are cut from trees at the age of 4-5 years and laid for storage in compliance with the temperature regime from 0 to +2 degrees.

At the very beginning of spring, cuttings are cut into a length of about 20 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm.

Collect the cuttings in a bunch, tie and put in water for several days. After that, plant on the beds upside down.

In the fall, the plant will already be quite suitable for planting in a permanent place. But it's better to wait for spring.

How to grow barberry on the site

Varieties

To navigate the varieties, you need to decide what you would like. In the nursery, you can voice your wishes using the following search criteria:

A variety for a specific region or climatic zone. The richest in vitamin C. Sea buckthorn with a high yield. With the highest proportion of oil. The content of carotenoids. Winter-hardy variety. With the best taste.

There are more than 60 varieties officially registered in the state register.

Canadian sea buckthorn or shepherdia

This shrub cannot be called sea buckthorn, although it is also from the sucker family and very much resembles a familiar plant in appearance and properties.

The tree is about 7 meters high with a wide crown. A dioecious plant, like sea buckthorn.

The berries are small, 5 mm in diameter, but very aromatic. Slightly similar to red currants in appearance and taste.

In terms of the content of vitamins, it surpasses the most vitamin varieties of sea buckthorn.

Daurskaya

Low shrub about 3 meters. Frost resistant. Unlike many other varieties, it has no thorns. Gives a very high yield of berries.

Requires care. Does not tolerate weeds and other trees nearby.

If there is heavy soil or stagnant water on the site, it will not grow.

Altai

Very good for growing in Western Siberia. The name itself speaks of the regional affiliation. Few thorns. The berries are oval, bright orange, sweet. Easy to assemble.

Darling

This variety grows well in the Urals and in the Central region of Russia. Medium prickly. The fruits are orange, oval, with a dense skin. The taste is moderately sour. Very aromatic. High productivity. Winters well.

Useful video about the features of growing sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a wonderful and useful shrub and is easy to grow and reproduce. Grow in your areas, do not forget about proper care.

Delicious and healthy berries!

This wonderful shrub grows almost everywhere. But we, Siberians, consider him ours, relatives. Today we will talk about a useful plant, sea buckthorn, its planting, cultivation, care, reproduction and varieties.

A shrub of the sucker family, from 1.5 to 3 meters in height, depends on the variety. With thorny thorns, especially in the wild. The leaves are long and thin, grayish-green in color, blooms inconspicuously and inconspicuously. But when berries appear, ranging from light yellow to purple-red, clinging to the branches and forcing them to bow down to the ground, the sight is magnificent.

Not everyone likes the sweet and sour taste of aromatic berries. But they have such a supply of vitamins, this is a real green doctor who, literally, saves lives. The famous sea buckthorn oil is used both in medicine and in cosmetology. And delicious compotes, preserves and jellies. How pleasant it is to pamper yourself in winter.

Like all fruit and berry bushes, sea buckthorn can be planted both in autumn and spring.Before boarding, you need to find out a few features so as not to get into a mess later:

• Purchase varietal sea buckthorn from a nursery in your climate zone. The zoned variety will grow and bear fruit better.
• Do not buy seedlings from dubious gardeners. You can easily slip the "wild". Her berries are sour and she is usually very prickly.
• Sea buckthorn is a dioecious shrub, that is, it has female and male trees. So you need to purchase seedlings of both sexes. You can distinguish them by the kidneys, the female kidneys are smaller and have two integumentary scales, the male kidney is larger and the scales are from 5 to 7.
• The shrub has very spreading, long roots that are shallow to the surface. Therefore, in order not to damage them, choose a separate place where you do not plan to grow anything.

Pick-up location

The shrub develops well and bears fruit in full sun. Set aside an area for plantings where the soil will not be cultivated. Rope roots that are tens of meters long are very responsive to damage.

Light loam is perfect for a plant. The landing site can be prepared in advance, if planting is planned in spring, then in the fall add 5 liters of sand and humus, double superphosphate, and, if necessary for acidic soils, lime to each square meter. To make it more economical, all this mixture can be added to the holes before planting.

The bush is pollinated by the wind, so place the female plants on the leeward side. The distance between the bushes should be from 2.5 to 3 meters.

Spring or Autumn?

Spring is preferable for planting. The plant has a very short dormant period and it can wake up at the slightest winter warming, but in the fall, the roots that did not have time to take root in a new place are still weak and the bush can freeze out.

How to plant sea buckthorn

The hole is dug 50x50x50, taking into account that a mixture of sand with humus and fertilizer will be placed on the bottom. It is also worth adding half a glass of wood ash, mix everything well. At the bottom, make a small mound so that the roots straighten out when planting.

If the soil is light, then the plant will shrink, you need to take this into account when planting so that the root collar is at ground level. Sprinkle on the roots, lightly compact the soil, water well and add another layer of garden soil or humus on top.

There are small growths on the roots of the sea buckthorn, these are nitrogen-containing nodules and should never be removed.

Care

It is not for nothing that it is considered unpretentious, does not require special care. It is necessary to water the bush only during the dry season, once a week, 50 liters under the bush.

It is necessary to loosen the near-trunk circle carefully, at a depth of 10-15 cm there are roots, if damaged, the bush weakens. Weeds must also be weeded carefully, you can simply mow them so as not to touch the soil.

If you managed to plant only female "individuals", there is a way out, cut off a branch from a male bush somewhere, put it in a jar of water and hang it directly in the female bush for the flowering period.

It is necessary to feed the plant on fertilized soils once every three years with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Sea buckthorn pruning

This is one of the most important plant care procedures. Shoots are cut mainly in the spring. In the first three years of growth, a crown is formed, the main skeleton is cut out so that the branches do not interfere with each other and it is convenient to harvest.

On the convenience of harvesting, so that the shrub does not grow upward, it is also necessary to trim the crown. The plant can be formed with a bush or tree, but the bush usually gives a larger yield.

The main thing in pruning sea buckthorn is regularity.

When pruning, all dry branches, weak shoots that have been frozen over the winter or damaged are removed. If there are too many old and shoots, they need to be shortened by about a third. In order to rejuvenate the shrub, pruning is carried out after ten years of age of the sea buckthorn, completely cutting the shrub to 2 - 2.5 meters.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn

The shrub, like all fruit, reproduces in several ways:

1. Seeds
2. Green cuttings
3. Woody cuttings
4. Root shoots
5. By vaccination

Seed propagation may not even be difficult. But one interesting fact must be taken into account, with this type of reproduction, varietal qualities are preserved only in males, and wild animals grow from females.

Reproduction by green cuttings is the simplest and most effective. In the middle of summer, in June, green shoots-cuttings of 15 cm are cut. The lower leaves are removed and placed in the root preparation for half an hour. A greenhouse is prepared in advance with fertile soil, consisting of sand, garden soil and peat, in a ratio of 1 to 1.

There, the cuttings are buried in and the growing of planting material begins. The greenhouse should always be warm, about 28 degrees, and humid. Constant watering and spraying and the first roots will appear soon. Then the entire "kindergarten" needs to be fertilized with a complex mineral fertilizer.

From this moment, it will be possible to open the greenhouse for a while, so that the shoots are hardened. And after two months, you can completely remove the shelter, the cuttings are already quite strong. In the fall, they are fertilized with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, they are well shed before winter. And in the spring, ready-made seedlings are planted in a permanent place.

Propagation by woody cuttings is also common among gardeners. Shoots for this method are cut in late autumn and buried in the snow to prevent the buds from waking up during a thaw.

In the spring, cuttings of 15 cm are cut from the shoots. They need to be put in water for a couple of weeks, so that the buds and roots appear a little. Then they are planted in a greenhouse in fertile soil of garden soil, sand and peat. They are planted straight, not at an angle, to a depth of 15 cm. There should be one internode on top.

The greenhouse is constantly high temperature and humidity. The cuttings must be constantly watered, you can mulch them with humus.

Grown up to half a meter can be safely planted in a permanent place.

Root propagation is usually not practiced in cases of sea buckthorn. So the berry loses all its qualities of the variety.

Reproduction by grafting is possible. Sometimes some gardeners who do not want to plant a male tree plant it on a female tree.

Picking sea buckthorn berries

In September-October, golden berries begin to ripen. Harvesting is always a problem. Unripe berries come off and some of them remain on the stalk. Therefore, check that the berries are fully ripe. You can cut off the branches with berries and then wash and pick them right at home with the branches. Some cover the canvas around the bush and shake off the crop.

Diseases and pests

The shrub is usually susceptible to attacks of fungal diseases:

• Black cancer
• Scab
• Gray rot
• Brown rot
• Fusarium

Treatment of shrubs with a Bordeaux mixture, after flowering and in mid-June, helps well from all these diseases.

Of the pests, damage is caused by aphids, sea buckthorn fly and sea buckthorn moth. Here folk remedies come to the rescue, spraying with a solution of laundry soap, infusion of garlic and onion peel.

Birds also like to feast on berries, magpies sometimes manage to pluck the whole bush. In such cases, the bushes are tied with tulle or fine netting.

Sea buckthorn varieties

Breeders delight gardeners by breeding zoned varieties with good taste. Some of the most popular varieties:

• Chuiskaya
• Moscow beauty
• Darling
• Trofimovskaya
• Elizabeth
• Muscovite
• Gift to the garden

Sea buckthorn, planting and care, video

What is sea buckthorn, planting and caring for it, breeding features - I will tell you about all this in this article. The valuable medicinal qualities of this culture are known all over the world today. It is grown, cultivated, on its basis medical and cosmetic preparations, as well as all kinds of culinary delights are made.All parts of sea buckthorn have medicinal value and are used in folk and official medicine. Depending on the place of "residence" and on the attention given to it, sea buckthorn can be a low spreading shrub or a powerful tall tree.

Sea buckthorn photo:

Where does sea buckthorn grow? In the wild, it grows on rocky and sandy soils, in river valleys, near streams, reservoirs, on the seashore. Because of this, it is often called sea thorn, sandy berry, dune thorn. This culture is widespread throughout the world, it is a representative of the sucker family. To date, through the efforts of breeders, many of its varieties have been bred.

Where sea buckthorn grows in the wild, photo:

Features of sea buckthorn

In our domestic spaces, its name is explained quite simply - the branches of the tree are abundantly strewn, covered with bright orange fruits from all sides. The leaves are narrow, elongated, of a bluish tint, the flowers are so inconspicuous that at first glance they can be easily mistaken for leaves. As already mentioned, depending on the variety, the sea buckthorn can be undersized or tall.

When does sea buckthorn bloom? By the very beginning of May or closer to its middle, small short brushes bloom on the branches, each of them has 3-5 small yellowish flowers. Flowers bloom first, leaves follow.

Here it is necessary to mention one feature of sea buckthorn - only female representatives bloom, on male trees there are stamens collected in a bunch. These stamens contain pollen, which is easily carried by the wind to the female inflorescences, as a result of which pollination occurs. If you slightly disturb the flowering male branch, you can see a cloud of this very pollen. Sea buckthorn flowers have no aroma, therefore they do not attract bees.

How sea buckthorn blooms, photo:

To get a good harvest, it is imperative to plant male and female trees together. Fruits are produced only by female plants, male plants are only pollinators. For pollination, sometimes one male representative is enough, which can grow at a considerable distance (up to 50 meters) from female specimens. Windy weather favors the process.

Sea buckthorn female and male - their difference is that a male tree can grow even from a wild growth, but the female one must certainly have a "cultural" origin. As mentioned above, the floor of a tree is determined by the appearance of the buds. The male variety is easiest to identify in the spring or fall, while the female can be easily identified in the summer when the tree is in bloom and fruiting. Female kidneys are much smaller than male ones, covered with a pair of scales. Male buds are larger, voluminous, have from 5 to 7 covering scales.

The male sex of the sea buckthorn is on the right, the female is on the left, photo:

Branch of a male plant in spring

Branch of a female plant in spring

When does sea buckthorn ripen? From the last weeks of August to early October, depending on the climate in the growing region. However, there are some nuances here: the collection time depends on the purpose for which you need the berries. For freezing or eating fresh sea buckthorn, the fruits should be harvested at the very beginning of their ripening (late calendar summer-early autumn). By this time, they are already saturated with vitamins, but they are hard enough to the touch, do not ooze juice. If the berries are needed to obtain oil, make all kinds of jams, jams, sauces, then you need to wait until they are fully ripe. Ripe fruits are filled with juice, slightly soft.

Why is it difficult to harvest sea buckthorn?

This task is quite difficult, the process can be traumatic due to the sharp thorns that cover the branches. Sea buckthorn has rather short stalks, and ripe berries are soft to the touch, easily wrinkled under the fingers. Plus, the juice of the fruit is very acidic and can irritate the skin of the hands with prolonged contact. What to do in this case?

There are radical methods in which the branches are pruned along with the fruits, but this is quite cruel in relation to the tree. Experienced gardeners have found a way out of this situation. To begin with, before harvesting, put on those clothes that you will not mind getting dirty, and this will inevitably happen. The second rule - you need to collect fruits from the top of the branch towards the bottom.

How to collect sea buckthorn:

The method of collecting sea buckthorn "cobra" is the most acceptable, less traumatic. You can also wait for the first frost, spread a cloth or a piece of polyethylene under the tree, then arm yourself with a heavy stick and attack the trunk with branches with it. Frozen fruits will separate from the blows from the branches and fall on the prepared blanket. Decide for yourself - how it will be more convenient for you.

Watch a few videos, maybe you will use ideas, picking berries with devices that are easy to do yourself, with your own hands.

How to plant sea buckthorn?

Before planting, you need to decide on the variety - the selected species must be adapted to the climate of your region. It is best to purchase sea buckthorn seedlings in proven places, for example, in fruit tree nurseries or in horticultural institutes. Additionally, you will be sure of the purity of the variety. It should be borne in mind that this culture has a very short dormant period, so that the tree does not "wake up" in the middle of winter, choose those varieties that are designed for growing in your area.

Sea buckthorn can be planted with the arrival of spring or autumn, but it is preferable to do this in early spring - this way it will take root better. If you plant a tree in the fall, then a sudden winter warming can trigger its awakening. When choosing a place, give preference to zones near buildings, paths - away from areas where active gardening is in full swing.

The fact is that sea buckthorn has cordlike roots, which are located in the upper layers of the soil (about 50 cm). They are quite long, they can diverge to the sides for a distance of more than 10 meters. Thus, the roots can be damaged when digging, they are very sensitive, so even with the slightest injury, the sea buckthorn can get sick. In general, it is not recommended to dig the soil near this tree, even if you do it carefully. Digging provokes the appearance of overgrowth, especially in the places of the "affected" roots. Lightly loosening with a hoe will suffice. For this light-loving culture, choose open, unshaded places.

Even in the fall, do not be too lazy to add sand with humus, mixed in equal amounts (2 kg / 1 m² or for each hole) to the agreed place, phosphorus-potassium supplements are also relevant. If there are several trees, then the distance between them should be about 2-3 meters. There must be a male sea buckthorn (for pollination). As mentioned above, 1 male specimen is enough for 5-6 female trees. The process itself is no different from planting other fruit representatives: the hole should be about 70 × 70 × 70 cm, at the bottom you need to form a small hill, carefully spread the roots along its slopes. After that, the pit is covered with soil just above the root collar, after its shrinkage, the collar should be flush with the soil level. After planting, a wide hole is formed around the tree, which must be filled with water in the amount of about two buckets.

Sea buckthorn care

Caring for seedlings consists in regular watering, you should know that sea buckthorn is a moisture-loving culture. When the seedling gets stronger and becomes a tree, then it no longer needs to be watered too often, only during a drought. It makes no sense to add top dressing to the trunk circle, because the cord-like root system of the tree diverges to the sides and stretches for many meters. When sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit, it can be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers, once every 3 years (4-5 kg ​​of humus per 1 m², 20-30 potassium-phosphorus supplements).

You should also carefully remove the weeds in the area of ​​the trunk circle, do not loosen the ground too actively (without going deeper than 7-10 cm). Pruning branches and forming the crown is best done in the spring, while the buds have not yet blossomed. After the sea buckthorn tree turns 8 years old, you can practice rejuvenating pruning - remove old branches, giving preference to three-year-old shoots. Dried, frozen, diseased fragments must also be removed.

How to propagate sea buckthorn?

The process is carried out using cuttings, shoots and seeds. It is impractical to describe the seed method in detail, since this method takes too much time. The resulting plants do not inherit the varietal qualities of the mother tree, most often the result is "wild". Often, sea buckthorn is propagated by seeds in laboratory conditions to obtain new varieties, hybrids.

During coppice propagation, the young sea buckthorn inherits all the features of the main tree. Selected representatives are regularly watered in spring and especially in summer, with the arrival of a new spring, the shoot is carefully cut off with a small fragment of the root, and then planted in a separate place of residence.

How to propagate sea buckthorn by layering? It is necessary to select those branches that are closest to the ground. In the spring, near these branches, small depressions are made in the soil (about 10 cm), the branches are bent and pinned to the ground with wire brackets. When these branches give shoots, the pinned place is covered with soil. The next year, again, with the arrival of spring, they are dug up, cut off with a secateurs and transferred to their permanent residence or growing.

The most high-quality and productive way of propagation is the cuttings method. Cutting sea buckthorn is no different from cutting other fruit trees - everything happens in a similar way. Around the middle of summer, cut off a beautiful and strong stalk (about 15-20 cm in length), pinch off the three lower leaves, treat the cut with Kornevin (optional), bury the end of the stalk in nutrient soil, substrate or wet vermiculite. A mixture of clean river sand, fertile soil and peat is perfect. Cover the top with a plastic transparent glass to make something like a greenhouse.

In the room where cuttings germinate, the air temperature should be approximately +26 .. + 28 ° С. Young livestock should be regularly watered, irrigated with a spray bottle, periodically ventilated (raise the glass). After about 8 weeks, the coating is removed, the stalk is fed with potassium-phosphorus additives. The cover is no longer used, the seedling is watered and waiting for a new spring, When it gets stronger, it is transferred to a permanent place of growth.

Sometimes on garden forums you can find such a question - why does not sea buckthorn bear fruit? The answer is actually simple: sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop; to obtain fruits, the presence of male and female specimens is mandatory in the same area. If you have only "girls" growing, then they will not bear fruit, the "boys" do not bear fruit at all, but are only pollinators. To solve the problem in the spring, you can plant a couple of shrubs of the opposite sex on the site. It is best to choose the cultivated male varieties "Alei" or "Gnome". Just in case, it is better to immediately plant two male trees, suddenly one will die or freeze in winter. Grafting also gives good results - you can take several branches from a healthy tree of the opposite sex (for example, from a neighbor in the country) and graft them on your sea buckthorn with the arrival of spring.

Sea buckthorn varieties

To get a good harvest, large and juicy berries, choose only the best varieties that are adapted to growing in your area. Take cuttings from a "proven" tree or purchase from a nursery with good recommendations.High-quality sea buckthorn berries are always large, have a pleasant taste, juicy, do not burst in the hands, abundantly cover the branches of the tree.

Krasnoplodnaya variety, photo:

The universal variety Moskovskaya Krasavitsa has an average yield, the shrub grows up to two and a half meters, from mid-summer to early autumn it bears fruit with large (up to 10 g) juicy berries.

Chuiskaya sea buckthorn is characterized by a sweeter taste, the branches of the tree are not too densely covered with thorns, the thorns themselves are not long, the size of the fruits is slightly smaller than that of the Moscow Beauty, but larger than average.

Sea buckthorn Krasnoplodnaya has reddish berries, which becomes clear from the name, is resistant to diseases, is distinguished by its vitality and unpretentiousness.

Sea buckthorn Elizabeth belongs to the classic varieties, bears abundant fruit, the berries have a pleasant sweetish taste, large size. This is a very winter-hardy variety, resistant to diseases, ripens a little later than other species, reaches medium size.

Variety "Chuyskaya", photo:

Botanical sea buckthorn is more convenient to collect, since its stalk is slightly longer than that of other species. To obtain valuable sea buckthorn oil, this particular species is most often grown. The Giant variety fully justifies its name, the tree grows up to 3-4 meters in height, the fruits are large in size, and the branches are practically not covered with thorns. The giant is winter-hardy, the berries ripen by September.

Sea buckthorn Lyubimaya is another common cultivar in our open spaces. It is distinguished by large sweet berries on long stalks, it is easy to pick, it does not wrinkle under the fingers, the bushes are rather sparse, which optimizes the harvesting process (it is easy to get to the berries). This variety is winter-hardy, unpretentious, bears fruit abundantly.

In addition to its medicinal value, this culture can act as an element of landscape design on your site. Its long, rope-like roots hold the soil well. With its help, you can form a hedge, and in the company with the rest of the shrubs, it will look very harmonious. From whatever side you look, everyone is good with sea buckthorn - planting and caring for it will not be a burden for you, since it is unpretentious, incredibly useful and, plus everything else, looks beautiful on the site.

You can write about the benefits of this berry endlessly, it contains vitamins, microelements, acids, useful sugars necessary for the body. If you already have sea buckthorn on your site, then this is good, but it is also important to know what care and planting it needs in order to harvest a large harvest of useful berries. And make a delicious compote from these berries, cook aromatic jam, but sea buckthorn oil is of particular value.

Sea buckthorn berry - planting

Sea buckthorn is a long-liver in your area, since the shrub lives for about 20 years. The root system is designed so that its nodules are able to assimilate nitrogen directly from the air. Sea buckthorn is a wind-pollinated dioecious plant.

This shrub has two genders: male and female. And only females are able to give a high yield. On male bushes, fruits are not formed, but the pollen of male flowers participates in pollination of female flowers.

The male bush is distinguished from the female by the kidneys: the buds on the male shrub are several times larger and consist of 5-7 scales (female buds have only 2 scales). Good soil for planting sea buckthorn is neutral. Favorable time for planting is spring and autumn.

Pits are pre-dug to a depth of 50 cm. The dug soil is mixed with humus or peat, and mineral fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium sulfate, two tablespoons each) are added.

The resulting mixture must be poured back into the pit and poured with a solution of dolomite flour, and covered with earth from above. When planting sea buckthorn seedlings, you need to make sure that the root collar is deepened by 5-6 cm. mulch (peat, humus).

For 4 female bushes take one male. Saplings are planted from each other at a distance of 2 meters.

Sea buckthorn care

When growing sea buckthorn, care is very simple. It is important to regularly remove dried shoots, root shoots. In addition, caring for sea buckthorn consists in regular loosening, weeding, feeding and watering.

It is important to monitor soil moisture.Sea buckthorn loves rain watering, especially in hot weather. When growing sea buckthorn, you should also remember about feeding. During the season, 4 foliar dressings are made.

The first feeding is carried out in the spring, when the leaves begin to bloom. A special preparation is used (you can buy it in a flower shop). The second dressing is done at the beginning of flowering with a solution of "Potassium humate". The third and fourth dressings are carried out after flowering with an interval of 20 days with a solution of "Effecton" or "Sodium humate".

Growing and pruning sea buckthorn

Caring for young seedlings consists in trimming the top. It is necessary to cut off the top so that the crown of the sea buckthorn begins to develop faster. In subsequent years, pruning is carried out every year before bud break, removing all excess, damaged and dried branches.

And it is also necessary to completely cut off the root shoots. Rejuvenating pruning is carried out after about 8 years (when fruiting decreases). All branches with three-year-old wood should be cut from the bushes.Similar articles

Our garden is sea buckthorn

It is difficult to find such a berry culture that could successfully compete with sea buckthorn in its medicinal properties. Here, that is, in sea buckthorn, there are valuable oils that have a curative effect on the healing of burns and wounds.

A wide variety of vitamins, as well as a large set of mineral salts, ash substances, acids and sugars necessary for a person. Is it possible to grow sea buckthorn in Russia? The experience of gardeners shows that there is such an opportunity.

Sea buckthorn has good winter resistance. It easily adapts to different climatic conditions. To the soil, sea buckthorn is demanding in moderation, that is, not very capricious.

However, the widespread cultivation of sea buckthorn does not receive due popularity due to the erroneous opinion that sea buckthorn is a southern plant. And due to the lack of planting material.

Masculine and feminine principles.

It is necessary to approach very demandingly at the time of selection of mother plants and cuttings. The sea buckthorn plant is dioecious, divided into male and female specimens. Male producers of pollen are so necessary for the production of fertilization.

Females form stigmas requiring pollination. If this does not happen, the berries will not be tied. In general, you want to get offspring like in people, without the participation of two men and women, nothing will work.

You should have a predominance of female specimens on your sea buckthorn plantation. Male fruits themselves do not bear fruit, they are needed as indicated above only for pollination. The proportion should be approximately the same, for three women - one for men.

Reproduction in different ways.

Sea buckthorn can be propagated both vegetatively and by seed. The vegetative method is better known and popular. For this method, cuttings are made, the separation of root suckers from mother plants that have already entered the fruiting period. The seed method, or as it is called and in everyday life, the sexual method of reproduction, is cultivated by gardeners quite rarely.

Since it is more durable and seeds with very good germination are needed for it. Usually this method is used for breeding new varieties. For vegetative propagation, it is necessary to select greener or lignified cuttings.

Usually we cut from annual growths in the spring before the buds swell or before the onset of severe frosts at the beginning of winter. If harvested in winter, tie in a bundle.

You need to store it deeply in the snow or in a basement in a box with sand at temperatures from zero to plus two degrees.If there is room in your home refrigerator, use that space to store the cuttings as well. Just place the bundle in a plastic bag beforehand.

Immediately before planting, the cuttings must be sorted and placed in a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate for several hours, so that the tops remain above the liquid.

Heavy soils, not for sea buckthorn

Never use clayey, waterlogged, floating soils for planting sea buckthorn. Before planting, the soil must be prepared in good faith. The land for planting should be fertilized with humus, use decomposed peat.

Before getting into the ground, we warm up strongly.

For good development of the sea buckthorn root system, the stored sea buckthorn bundles must be warmed up in boxes or in film bags filled with sawdust for at least a week at a temperature of at least plus twenty degrees. To create a favorable subtropical climate, the sawdust is easily moistened with lukewarm water.

You need to plant correctly

Cuttings prepared for planting are planted only vertically. Only one knot should remain above the soil. If you mulch using a thin layer of peat or rotted manure for this, it will be just great.

You will need to cover the cutting to the very top, but not higher. Prepare rows for planting with a row spacing of up to eighty centimeters, and within a row between the cuttings up to twenty centimeters. During the growing season, the soil must be loosened six times, weeded regularly as weeds appear.

It is important to do this in the very first month after planting the cuttings. The resulting planting material in the fall will need to be dug up, rejected, healthy good seedlings need to be bathed in a clay mash and tied in a bunch, separate male and female specimens. Planting plants should be done in a permanent place in advance. prepared pits. The size of the pit will directly depend on the nature of the seabuckthorn roots.

But the most practical calculation of the pit size is simple, the larger the pit the better for the seedling. The depth of the pit should be within 60 centimeters.

Love the light

Sea buckthorn loves light, the saying is completely suitable here - there is never too much light. Considering this, as well as the fact that sea buckthorn has an increased tendency to breaking branches, the distance in rows between plants should not be less than three meters - more, please.

Within the row, try to maintain an interval of up to two meters. Landing is only vertical, since any inclinations lead to the awakening of dormant buds.

And this indicator is even very negative, shoots that we do not need appear at all, and they, in turn, will delay the beginning of fruiting. The neck of the root is located above the surface of the earth no more than fifteen centimeters. If the soil on the site is heavy, instead of holes, dig trenches that are filled with sand, decomposed peat.

We are careful everywhere

Loosening of plantings, especially young ones, must be carried out very carefully, due to the fact that more than half of all roots are located next to the plant in a layer of earth at a depth of 10 to 15 centimeters. in this regard, before harvesting the berries, it is advisable to loosen the soil under the trees to a depth of no more than six centimeters, outside the bush you can and fifteen. Remember that five years after planting, the roots of all plants will close and completely occupy the entire area on which the sea buckthorn is planted.

Trim regularly

One of the conditions for increasing the yield of sea buckthorn is pruning. There are also some nuances here. In the first year of cultivation, the bushes are usually not pruned.

The exception is probably annual shoots without lateral branches. To bookmark the emergence of new shoots, shorten the top of the trunk with a sharp garden knife, in front of the developed lateral bud. In subsequent years, pruning is carried out in the usual way.

We remove dried and diseased ones, thin out. The older the plant, the dried branches and shoots will become more and more.In this case, in order to maintain fruiting longer, three-year and older branches will need to be shortened.

A plant whose age is ten years will need to be rejuvenated pruning. To do this, we shorten the height of very tall plants to two and a half meters, while remembering to shorten the old branches, and the fruiting period will be extended.

Berry harvesting is a capricious business

Harvesting sea buckthorn is perhaps the most laborious and time consuming process. The peduncle is usually short in the fruit, there are many thorns on the plant.

These numerous thorns bite into the fingers, corroding them with acid, which will flow out of the damaged fruit. Some amateur gardeners, during harvesting, cut off the branches along with the berries, after which they carefully select or shake off the fruits.

Why do we fail to grow?

One of the reasons for failures, and in my opinion the most important, because we start growing without taking into account the variety, whether or not this or that variety is adapted to a given area, we somehow do not think about this, but in vain. Hence the failure.

The berries have a delicate pleasant specific aroma. With the use of hands, multiplied by desire and patience, it is possible to grow sea buckthorn in the central regions of Russia, while getting a good harvest. Go for it and you will succeed. Good luck to everyone!

Sea buckthorn - care and cultivation

The beginning of her sea buckthorn cultivation is still remembered with a smile, because we, novice summer residents, planted at the very beginning of the formation of our site not two or three trees, but as many as seven, having heard the laudatory odes of experienced gardeners. Everything would be fine, just a bit too much sea buckthorn trees in terms of the number planted in the center of the cottage.

Then followed: two further transplants due to the proximity of groundwater, the removal of excess trees, the discovery of the masculine gender on the remaining, complete disposal of it. And finally, on the way to cultivating sea buckthorn, we only planted a female tree sapling in the fifth year.

Here's a little saga. After this preface, it becomes clear that sea buckthorn is dioecious, there are male and female plants. Moreover, for the pollination of our tree, the presence of male representatives at other dachas within a radius of 80 meters is enough. If there are any, you're in luck.

If not, you will have to plant a male representative nearby.

Sea buckthorn, cultivation and care

From our own experience, we know that it is better to transplant sea buckthorn in early spring, before bud break. Previously, having a heavy clay soil at your dacha, you had to plant it without deepening, but, on the contrary, raising it above the soil level.

At the site of the planting hole, a mound was made with a height of 5-10 cm, a seedling was placed on it and the roots were sprinkled so that the plant was planted above the soil level. Then, at the final planting of a female plant on a plot with normal soil, they made a continuous digging, brought in humus, 200 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium sulfate.

All this for 1 sq. meter. The hole is required with a depth of 50-60 cm. After planting, they spilled water with two buckets and, in the absence of good rain, after 4-5 days, watering was repeated. On light soils, we deepen the root collar.

We plant sea buckthorn strictly vertically, mulch the soil. We make top dressing in the spring by dissolving 1 tablespoon of urea in 10 liters of water. Sea buckthorn blooms in mid-May.

Flowering, like bird cherry, lasts up to 10 - 12 days. The root system is superficial, the bulk of the roots is located at a depth of 40 cm. But the roots go from the tree for 4 meters.

So there is enough waste with their removal, either by chopping off the excess, or cutting the sprouts of a new tree along the root with a sharp knife. Sea buckthorn is hardy and very light-loving. We grow in 1.5 meters from a rare fence.

The soil for her cultivation here is prepared with a light texture, with a good water regime.Contrary to what the reference books say, sea buckthorn absolutely does not need weeding, we have it growing in the middle of a strawberry garden.

The cultivation of sea buckthorn continued in the formation of the crown of the tree. The stem was left with a height of about 30 cm, and the crown was formed in the form of a bush with five branches. The tree is very rarely affected by pests and diseases.

Sometimes the green sea buckthorn aphid attacks. It is impossible to start a fight against it, since in a bad situation the entire crop will be destroyed, as once happened to us. Destruction of sucking creatures is produced by Iskra DE1 tablet on a bucket of water.

But, to be honest, recently I had to dissolve one and a half tablets. Spray before flowering and after harvest.

The fruits from the sea buckthorn growing in the country, 2 meters high and one and a half in diameter, are enough to make compote, wonderful wine, jam, grind with sugar. We remove up to 8 liters of berries from it. Sea buckthorn is absolutely free of thorns, so it is a pleasure to collect the fruits.

However, it is impossible to be late with the harvest. There is a maximum of a week from the moment the berry ripens until it is harvested. Otherwise, you get a dubious pleasure in the form of berries that are crumbling and spreading in your hands.

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Comments (42) on "Sea buckthorn, cultivation and care"

Read it in its entirety into your quote book or community! Until recently, my opinion about sea buckthorn was negative: the berries are sour, when they are torn off from the branch, the berry bursts in the hands, very prickly, even after uprooting 4 adult trees, there is a lot of root growth.

The same opinion is shared by many gardeners who, like me, bought a wild sea buckthorn seedling or its growth. I hasten to assure you that the situation is exactly the opposite for gardeners who plant high-quality garden sea buckthorn. A "quality" plant has sweet-sour, sour-sweet, large or medium-sized berries of various colors: yellow-orange, red, orange.

Sea buckthorn is used for cooking various dishes, in medicine and cosmetology. Berries contain the richest supply of minerals and vitamins. Sea buckthorn oil is extremely valuable and in demand in the treatment of diseases.

Sea buckthorn has male and female trees, so to get a good harvest, you need to plant them together, as this plant is dioecious and pollinated by the wind. The male plant can even be planted from the wild growth, and the female must be cultivated, of a good variety.

But, based on my unsuccessful experience with seedlings, I would take Alei, Dear friend or Ural as a male pollinator variety. They are well suited for the Moscow region.

It is possible to determine the sex of the sea buckthorn, when it does not yet have leaves, by its buds, in spring, autumn or winter, this is especially true for a male plant, because a female plant can be identified in summer by its fruits and flowers. 1 - female kidneys, they are 2-3 times smaller than male ones, have 2 covering scales; 2 - male kidneys - "lush", large, have 5-7 covering scales.

The sea buckthorn seedling you choose must be adapted for your region, so it is best to take care and buy a seedling from a research institute in your region. This is due to the fact that the sea buckthorn has a very short dormant period, already in January it wants to wake up and start functioning.

Due to this, sea buckthorn varieties bred in different regions are well adapted for their region and may not survive in the climate of another zone. Sea buckthorn is planted in autumn or spring.

Of course, you can plant sea buckthorn in the fall, but from my experience I can say that the plants planted in the spring took root better. This is due to the fact that temperature drops in winter and thaws can provoke the awakening of the plant, and if it is planted in the fall, then it has not yet sufficiently adapted after planting and may freeze.

The roots of sea buckthorn are long, go in different directions (usually have 2 roots), they are at a depth of about 50 cm. They have nodules of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Due to the specifics of the root system, the roots are afraid of digging and damage, so plant in a place that will not be digested. It is better to plant sea buckthorn on neutral, light soils.Plant in an open, sunny area.

You can apply organic fertilizers (humus) and mineral fertilizers (double superphosphate) in the fall when digging the soil. You can make a potting mix out of them just before planting. Add a handful of wood ash there (on the tree).

It is planted similarly to most fruit plants: a hole is dug with a depth and diameter of about 50 cm, the root collar after shrinkage of the earth should be located at ground level. Shed the hole after planting the plant, sprinkle with earth.

Seedlings are often watered, while the planting "material" is formed from them, after you have planted the tree, it does not require frequent watering, unless in a drought. Sea buckthorn pruning is carried out in the spring, before the buds bloom.

Up to 4-5 years, they form a crown by pruning, cutting out improperly growing shoots. After 8-10 years, rejuvenating pruning is done, removing old branches with a small increase, leaving three-year-old shoots.

And every year, of course, you need to carry out preventive pruning, removing damaged, dried, frozen and diseased shoots. Based on my own experience, I can say that it is very difficult to distinguish the root shoots of non-varietal sea buckthorn from the cultivated one, propagated by cuttings.

Therefore, if the root system of the acquired seedling is much poorer than its top, it may be a root process. It is best to purchase small seedlings grown from cuttings, in this case, according to the root system, it is clear that this is a young, rooted cutting.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn woody cuttings In late autumn or winter, cuttings are cut off with a thickness of at least 5 mm, they are added dropwise in the snow so that the plant does not wake up. In the spring, cut your blanks at least 15 cm long.

Soak for several days in water, after which many gardeners soak the cutting in a solution to increase plant growth. You can simply put the cutting in water for about 2 weeks (buds and similar roots will appear).

Then it is planted under a film in fertile soil to a depth of about 15 cm (the soil mixture consists of humus, peat, river sand). We leave about 2 buds above the ground. Cuttings need constant watering and a temperature of about 27 ° C and good humidity.

When the stalk is already about 50 cm tall, it has a root collar of about 10 cm and the roots have developed, it can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Planting site selection and soil preparation.

Sea buckthorn is a light-loving plant. When shaded, it grows poorly and bears poorly. She prefers light, fertile, sufficiently moist soils. Does not withstand stagnant water. The groundwater level should be no closer than a meter from the soil surface.

Acidic soils must be calcified with slaked lime at the rate of 400-600 g per 1 m2. Lime is scattered in an even layer over the soil surface, and then dug onto a shovel bayonet.

This work is usually carried out in October. On heavy loamy soils, to improve air permeability, it is recommended to mix the top layer with coarse river sand and humus (or peat) in approximately equal proportions. 200-300 g of superphosphate and 30-50 g of potassium salt are also added here.

Nitrogen fertilizers and lime are not introduced into the planting pit in order to avoid root burns.When allocating a plot for sea buckthorn, it should be taken into account, that its roots can extend several meters beyond the crown.

In the area where sea buckthorn is grown, the soil cannot be dug up, but it is imperative to loosen the topsoil to a depth of 5-10 cm, for example, with a hoe, chopping up the weeds. It is necessary with loosening annually in the spring to make compost or humus mixed with mineral fertilizers at the rate of 0.5-1 bucket of compost mixed with 2-4 tablespoons of nitrophoska per 1 sq. meter.

Another option: in the spring 15 g of urea, in the fall 1 bucket of humus, 30 g of double superphosphate, 15 g of potassium chloride.Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant.

This means that on some specimens, only male (staminate) flowers, which are pollinators, develop, on others, female (pistillate) flowers, which bear fruit after pollination and fertilization. Before entering fruiting, males and females are practically indistinguishable in appearance.

When entering the fruiting period, they are easy to recognize before the start of the growing season. In male plants, the buds are two to three times larger than in female, they have five to seven covering scales; in women, the kidneys are small, elongated, covered with only two scales.

For normal pollination on 4-6 female plants, one male is enough.It should be borne in mind that sea buckthorn is a wind-pollinated plant.

Therefore, it is better to place the male plant on the leeward side: at the beginning of the row (for single-row planting) or in the center of the rectangle (for two-row placement of female plants). The flowers of the sea buckthorn are small, barely visible to the naked eye.

If the weather is calm during flowering, additional pollination of female flowers should be carried out. To do this, it is enough to cut a twig from the male plant and shake it over the crown of the female plant.

Planting sea buckthorn seedlings.

Seabuckthorn seedlings should be planted only in spring, when planting in autumn, the percentage of non-established plants is high. Planting scheme 3x2.5 m. When planting with seeds, varietal characteristics are not preserved. Sea buckthorn should be propagated by root shoots or cuttings.

You can plant cuttings in the fall. There was a case of a change in the sex of the cutting. Some varieties of sea buckthorn produce a lot of root growth, but you can severely damage the root system of the mother plant when digging up the growth.

It should be noted that not all varieties are disease resistant, and resistant varieties should be selected in each locality. A distinctive feature of the cultivated sea buckthorn is the absence or very small number of thorns.We purchase sea buckthorn seedlings.

• Do not buy seedlings from random people, they will not be able to guarantee the health and purity of the plant variety. What requirements should a standard biennial planting material meet? The seedling should have 3 - 5 skeletal roots 20 cm long and many fibrous, a stem 35 - 50 cm high and 6 - 8 mm in diameter with several shoots. Pay attention to the bark. It should not flake off the wood. In a healthy plant, the bark is elastic, not wrinkled, without scratches. Brown wood is evidence of freezing of plants in winter, such seedlings are unsuitable for planting. How many seedlings to buy? Life experience has shown that in a family of 4 - 5 people, sea buckthorn is on the table all year round (fresh and processed), it is enough to have 3 - 4 female plants and one male (pollinator). the distance to it is no more than 12 meters, then it may well become a pollinator for your sea buckthorn. In this case, males do not need to be planted. To protect sea buckthorn from diseases, you do not need to plant it where stone fruit trees have recently grown (apple, pear, cherry, plum, sweet cherry, apricot), as well as raspberries and garden strawberries.

So, you have purchased sea buckthorn seedlings. If this happened in the fall, then it is better to dig the plants into a trench 20-30 cm deep until the spring of next year, at the bottom of which a layer of sand should be poured. Saplings in a trench are laid one by one in a row (at an angle of 45 °) and covered with earth.

When a cold snap sets in, they can be covered with dry foliage, peat or spruce branches.The best time to plant sea buckthorn is spring, before bud break, in extreme cases - before the flowering of the sea buckthorn, which contributes to the better development of plants. When purchasing sea buckthorn, remember that you need to purchase female and male plants in a ratio of about 4: 1 or 5: 1.

In the spring, plants are planted on the site either in a curtain - in the middle there is one male, and around the female, or in rows where men are planted in the first row from the side of the prevailing winds (1 - 2 plants), and behind them are women (4 - 5). The distance between plants is 2.0 - 2.5 m.The origin of male plants in the garden is not essential, however, for good pollination, it is better to have several male plants of different origins (Altai, Sayan, Kaliningrad, etc.) Several flowers are laid in the buds: from 4 - 8 in females to 32 in males!

The flowers are collected in a spike-shaped raceme, the flowers are inconspicuous, small, poorly visible to the naked eye. Flowering lasts from 7 to 12 days, depending on weather conditions. Sea buckthorn is planted in pits 65 x 65 x 65 cm with biennial seedlings according to the scheme 2 x 4 m or 1.5 x 3 m, depending on the varieties.

The soil, I repeat, should be loose, nutritious medium loamy or medium sandy with a pH of 6.5 - 7.Sea buckthorn is planted on a mound in a hole, the roots are gently straightened along the slopes of the mound and then the pit is covered with a mixture of organic matter, sand (on loams) and soil from the site in a ratio of 1: 1: 1, from mineral fertilizers - double superphosphate, 200 g in each pit. All this is mixed with the ground. Cover the earth to the root collar.

On sandy loam soils, the root collar can be slightly deepened, but on loamy soils, this is not recommended. Make a wide hole around the seedling and water (about 2 buckets of water for each plant). And the subsequent care of the seedlings consists in watering.

In the year of planting, there is no need to feed the plants. In the spring of next year, to stimulate the growth of shoots, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied (preferably in liquid form) at the rate of 20-30 g of urea per bucket of water.

For one plant, they give 0.5 - 1 bucket of solution. When caring for young and fruiting plantings, it is recommended to apply organic fertilizers (humus, compost) every 3-4 years at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 m2 of the trunk circle. Fertilizers are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm.

Do this carefully so as not to damage the roots. In dry years, sea buckthorn responds positively to watering. They should not be very frequent, but abundant.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn can be propagated in various ways: lignified and green cuttings, shoots, grafts and seeds. It should be borne in mind that during seed propagation, the characteristics of the varieties are not preserved.

This method of propagation is used mainly for the purpose of breeding new varieties or obtaining male plants. From the sown seeds, approximately equal numbers of males and females grow.

Most of the seedlings, as a rule, inherit the traits of their wild ancestors: strong roundness and small fruitiness.Reproduction by seeds. It should be carried out from the beginning of autumn.

Prepare the seed beds: determine the sowing site, mix the topsoil with coarse sand and organic fertilizers, compact the soil and make grooves 2-3 cm deep and wide, compact the bottom again. In early autumn, prepare also the necessary amount of humus, which will be needed later to fill up the seeds. When the frosts come, clear the beds from snow and place the seeds in them at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from each other, then fill them with humus to form layer 1 cm thick. If you want to sow seeds in spring, pre-soak them in water at room temperature for 4-5 days.

After the seeds begin to germinate and the soil warms up, place the soaked seeds in the beds 4–5 cm deep. To make it easier to care for the seedlings for two years, make grooves 20 cm apart.

And after two years in the fall, transplant the seedling to a permanent place.Reproduction by grafting. Grafting with a cuttings (improved copulation method) is usually resorted to in the event of the death of male plants.

Then cuttings of the male ones are grafted into the crown of the female specimens. They grow quickly and after 1 - 2 years they can pollinate female plants. The grafting of males onto females is also resorted to with a limited area of ​​the garden plot.

Propagation by lignified cuttings. Cut off annual shoots from healthy four- or five-year-old bushes in late November - early December or early March. Store the shoots indoors or under the snow at a temperature of 0 + 2 degrees.

In early spring, cut the cuttings from the shoots 15-20 cm long and 0.6 cm thick or more. Place the cuttings in water for 2-3 days, then plant them on the ridges in a strictly vertical position, leaving a distance of 10 cm between the cuttings and the ridges. 2-3 kidneys should be at the top.

After planting, compact the soil, water abundantly and sprinkle with peat. For the first 2-3 weeks, water the soil 2-3 times a day, periodically loosen and weed.

Already by autumn, when all the care requirements are met, a plant with a well-developed aboveground and root system is formed. Positive results are obtained when rooting two-year-old sea buckthorn branches. Biennial branches are cut off from mother plants, annual growths are removed from them, leaving hemp with two or three buds, and biennial parts are kept in wet sawdust for 10-15 days at a temperature of + 10-15 °.

After the formation of tubercles and small roots, the branches are carefully planted in open ground in a horizontal position in previously watered furrows. Cover with moist soil with a layer of 3 cm and mulch with sawdust with a layer of 1.5-2 cm.

With this method of reproduction, rooting is 90-100%.Reproduction by green cuttings. In June, during the dying growth of sea buckthorn, early in the morning, shoots 15-20 cm long are cut, cut into pieces 5-7 cm long.

Green cuttings do not form a root system well, so select slightly lignified shoots for cutting. With a sharp knife or blade, carefully cut above the bud, remove 3-4 lower leaves. Gather the prepared cuttings in a bunch and place them in a bucket of water.

Prepare the soil before planting cuttings. Please select plot, which is not exposed to direct sunlight, dig it to a depth of 25-30 cm, mix in equal proportions the topsoil, peat and coarse river sand (in a ratio of 1: 1: 1).

Top the bed with sand to a thickness of 2-3 cm. Immediately before planting, water the bed well, deepen the cuttings into the soil by 2-3 cm, the distance between the cuttings 3-5 cm, in a strictly vertical position. Water the ground again, place over the ridge wire arcs and stretch polyethylene on them so that the distance between the upper part of the handle and the film is at least 2-3 cm. Sprinkle the edges of the film near the edge of the ridge with earth. At a daytime air temperature of plus 25-30 ° under the film, favorable conditions for rooting are created green cuttings. After 2-3 weeks, 40-50% of them are well rooted and start to grow.

In order for the cuttings to develop well, take care of them: water, loosen, feed with ammonium nitrate (20 g per bucket of water). A month after planting green cuttings, the plants are gradually hardened, for which at certain hours, raise the film, water less often, more often ventilate, opening the film cover.Even before the onset of cold weather, warm the cuttings with leaves, sawdust and leave them in the garden until spring.

In the spring, when the cuttings have a strong, healthy root system, transplant them into pre-prepared growing soil. Leave an empty space of 30 cm between the furrows. Place the cuttings at a distance of 15 cm from each other.

After transplanting the stalk, be sure to water it abundantly, and then during cultivation constantly look after it: weed, huddle, loosen, water. There are different ways to prepare the soil for growing, depending on the composition of the soil.

So, neutralize acidic soils by adding lime to them. Mix heavy soil in equal parts with peat or coarse sand.Reproduction by offspring - the easiest way to breed sea buckthorn.

The appearance of root suckers or shoots in a 4-5-year-old plant is one of the features of sea buckthorn. To get a seedling, in the spring, separate the root sucker from the mother plant with a shovel, cover it with soil and water it periodically until it develops a healthy root system in the fall.

Now transplant the offspring to a permanent place, having previously determined the sex of the plant. Remember that the shoots taken from the grafted plant do not retain the properties of the mother plant; if you do not want to wait for the natural appearance of offspring, the process of their formation can be accelerated.

To do this, find a skeletal root in the ground and cut it a short distance from the bush. Leave the cut open.Later, offspring are formed here, on which roots will appear by the second year. One year before transplanting, separate the offspring from the mother plant, and transplant it into a previously prepared hole in the spring.

Many gardeners do not risk getting involved with this shrub, believing that planting and caring for sea buckthorn presents some special difficulties due to their dioeciousness. However, the labor expended on cultivation, this shrub more than pays off with its tasty and healthy bright yellow berries.

Sea buckthorn berries: beauty and benefits

Biological characteristic

Sea buckthorn is a small tree or large shrub. The main feature of this plant from the family of suckers is its pronounced dioeciousness. Some bushes contain only male flowers, others - exclusively female. In addition to "horse shine" there are three other names among the people: wax, dereza, ivothern.

When planting sea buckthorn, a one in five rule is used: one male is planted on five female trees as a pollinator.

The tree can reach a height of six meters, but usually does not exceed three. At the beginning of its development, the color of the bush is silvery; as it ages, it darkens to brown. Sea buckthorn is a light-loving and frost-hardy tree, however, it is very difficult to tolerate pruning and fractures of its branches, therefore, in this regard, it requires a particularly careful attitude towards itself.

The soil for sea buckthorn should be loose and nutritious with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction, groundwater in the place of its planting should not rise higher than one meter from the ground surface. The roots of the plant are located in the upper forty centimeter layer of the soil, nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria are formed on them, similar to those of legumes.

Sea buckthorn fruits are round or oval berries of various shades of yellow or orange with their own special taste and aroma. They are very rich in various vitamins and other beneficial substances. The yield from one bush reaches ten or more kilograms.

Depending on the region, flowering occurs in late April or early May, and fruiting in August-September, and sea buckthorn bears fruit in the third or fourth year after planting.

Male and female varieties

All varieties common in our country belong to the type of buckthorn buckthorn. In addition to this species, in some regions, willow sea buckthorn, originating from South China, is widespread.

Male varieties

Among the male varieties of sea buckthorn, the most popular are "Gnome" and "Alei".

The sea buckthorn variety "Gnome" gives a lot of pollen, if it is placed on the windward side, guided by the prevailing wind, then it can be enough for five female trees. The height of the gnome is moderate, its bushes rarely exceed the two-meter level.

The plant of this variety is very hardy and almost not susceptible to disease, which is generally typical for "male" bushes.

Although "Gnome", but a man!

Female varieties

Reproduction

Sea buckthorn is propagated by seeds, root shoots or cuttings. The seed method is very complicated and does not guarantee not only the preservation of varietal traits, but the plants will turn out to be of unknown sex.

Therefore, it is best to propagate sea buckthorn vegetatively. Root offspring or cuttings do not even need to be re-grafted, because sea buckthorn is a rooted plant and its shoots bear the varietal characteristics of the parent tree.

The root shoots are separated from the parent bush either in early spring before the start of sap flow, or a month before frost, so that when the sea buckthorn is planted in the fall, the seedling has time to take root in a new place.

Cuttings

If lignified material is used for rooting, then the cuttings are harvested after the onset of cold weather and the cut blanks are stored until spring under the snow. In the spring, the branches are removed and cuttings of 10-15 centimeters are cut from them.

After daily holding in a solution of heteroauxin or other root-forming agent, the cuttings are placed in a jar of clean water. After a couple of weeks, roots will begin to appear at the bottom of the segments. This is a signal for planting planting material in the garden bed.

Attention! The beds intended for planting cuttings must be prepared in the fall. Loose areas rich in humus after growing cucumbers and other pumpkin crops are best suited for this purpose!

For this bed, it is advisable to have a set of arcs, film and non-woven material for emergency shelter with the likelihood of night frosts. The same bed will help us with green cuttings, which are produced in June.

In the second or third decade of the month, cuttings 12-15 centimeters long are cut, the lower leaves (2-3 pieces) are removed and, after daily exposure in a stimulant solution, they are planted in a garden bed covered with a film for heat and non-woven material for shading.

On the first day, every hour, the plants are sprayed with water, creating a humidity close to one hundred percent and a temperature of about 30 degrees. Gradually, the moisture is reduced, and after a few days the cuttings give adventitious roots.

The so-called combined sea buckthorn cuttings take root well. Such a stalk is a lignified twig with a shoot of the current season.

Vaccinations

Sea buckthorn grafts are used in several cases:

• to obtain a bush of the desired variety;
• to change the sex of the plant;
• to obtain a dioecious plant.

The last case is the most interesting. It allows a female tree to have only one male branch, which will be enough for pollination. This significantly saves planting space in your garden.

The grafting of sea buckthorn should be done by a professional who has got his hand in this matter.This is due to the fact that cut cuttings turn black very quickly, and tissue death occurs on them.

Planting and leaving

When planting sea buckthorn, there are several rules, non-observance of which in the future can lead to big problems.

Sapling selection

If you buy a seedling in a trusted store or fruit nursery, then they will help you with the choice of the variety and the floor of the plant. In all other cases, you need to be able to determine the floor of the future tree, the differences are clearly visible in the next photo.

Comparison of male and female twigs

The left branch in this photo is from a male plant, the right branch from a female plant. Please note that the female kidneys are smaller and smoother, while the male kidneys are large, tuberous, consisting of several tubercles.

Pick-up location

It is very important where to plant the sea buckthorn on the site, this tree does not like to coexist with either other trees or buildings. Therefore, seedlings should be placed at least five meters apart.

Also, the trunk circle should be clean from plants, it is not bad to mulch it with plant residues, hay or humus. The emerging weeds are carefully mowed.

Attention! Do not plant flowers or vegetables under the sea buckthorn. You can damage its surface roots, and this is very painful for the tree!

So if you are tormented by the question of what to plant next to the sea buckthorn, feel free to answer: "Nothing"!

Landing pit

You do not need to dig a very deep hole due to the superficial location of the roots of the wolfberry. And in some cases, you will have to place the plant on the surface altogether. This should be done with shallow water tables or heavy clay soil.

In this case, having loosened the ground, a strong stake is stuck into it, and a sea buckthorn seedling is tied to it, placed on top of the soil. Then the roots of the plant are covered with loose soil and mulched. In the future, when caring for sea buckthorn, the soil is gradually poured over the roots.

Boarding time

As noted above, two seasons are allocated for planting sea buckthorn. This is spring, the buds have not yet blossomed and autumn is a month and a half before frost.In summer, only seedlings from a nursery with a closed potted root system can be planted.

Transfer

There are times when sea buckthorn needs to be moved either to another place on the site, or to another garden altogether. To transplant sea buckthorn to another place, first of all, you need to take care of preserving as many roots as possible. The more roots you break while digging up the bush, the more branches you will need to trim.

If you want to transplant an adult tree, you may need to prune all the side branches of the sea buckthorn in general, and only a one and a half meters long trunk remain.

Plant care

Pruning

Plants are pruned before bud break. In the initial 4-5 years of growth, they form a crown, cutting out too long shoots, later they carry out anti-aging pruning.

Top dressing

Top dressing is best done in spring. To do this, you need to carefully rake off the mulch layer and shed the soil in the near-stem circle. How to feed sea buckthorn in spring, everyone chooses for himself: herbal infusion for himself or chemistry, if you want to poison. Then again cover the entire trunk circle with a layer of mulch.

Watering

With a good mulch layer for vegetation, the plant will have enough seasonal rains, but if a drought is established, then abundant watering will not harm the tree. Under each bush, depending on its size, you need to pour 2-3 buckets of water.

And in the end, watch a video about an interesting device for collecting sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn is a very valuable medicinal shrub that retains its decorative effect in spring and autumn. Even the ancient Greeks used berries and leaves for medicinal purposes.

Fruits have a high concentration of fat- and water-soluble vitamins (E, K, B1, B2, P), vitamin C and useful minerals. The ability to produce sea buckthorn oil with a high vitamin E content is of particular value for official medicine and cosmetology. All parts of the plant, including the roots, are healing.

It is not surprising that interest in the shrub is growing every year, especially since planting sea buckthorn and caring for it will not cause any particular difficulties. The thorny trees got their name because the small yellow fruits “stick around” the branches. The article will teach you how to plant and grow sea buckthorn, properly propagate and harvest.

Planting and caring for sea buckthorn

Planting sea buckthorn is the most important stage, and its careful planning will subsequently save the gardener from thinking about how to transplant the plant to another place. In the wild, sea buckthorn grows on river banks, in snowy lowlands. She loves space, cannot stand the close proximity of other trees and planting other plants under its crown. It is best to sow a lawn under the crown and often cut the grass, so planting sea buckthorn and caring for it will only bring joy.

How to choose the best landing spot

In the middle of the plot in the open ground, sea buckthorn should not be placed, since it gives a lot of growth. Shoots can appear in the most awkward places, for example, in the beds and near paths. The shrub is not afraid of low temperatures and winds, it is better to plant sea buckthorn on the periphery on the north side of the site in a well-lit place, and it is customary to dig in a strip of tin or dense plastic to a depth of 30 cm to enclose the perimeter of the root system and shoots.

When is the best time to plant and transplant sea buckthorn

It is best to plant sea buckthorn in spring, especially for planting material with an open root system. The shrub prefers sandy loam or slightly loamy soil.

For heavy clay soil, the planting rules recommend adding sand to the planting pit.

A hole should be dug 60 cm wide and 40 cm deep.It is recommended to plant a male plant from a female at a distance of 15 m.

We plant sea buckthorn in spring

In order to plant sea buckthorn, according to all the rules, you need to buy good planting material with a closed root system (in a container with an earthen clod), then you can afford to plant sea buckthorn in early spring.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly.

1. Having dug a hole, you need to lay out 10 cm of broken brick or shell rock on the bottom.
2. Then the weighted soil is mixed with sand and humus.
3. Add 2-3 cups of wood ash.
4. Before installing the plant, a bucket of water is poured into the hole and a mounting stake is driven in the center.
5. Sea buckthorn does not tolerate acidic soil and requires sprinkling the soil surface after planting with two handfuls of dolomite flour.
6. The root collar can be buried to a depth of 9-10 cm only on sandy loam soils; this cannot be done on loam and clay.
7. The planted plant is abundantly watered and mulched in a circle with humus, compost.

About planting sea buckthorn in the fall

Now we will tell you how to plant sea buckthorn in the fall in the open field. For better rooting in the autumn, professionals recommend planting a thorny bush in the first decade of September. Sea buckthorn roots are similar in shape to a rope and take a hard time to take root. Planting a sea buckthorn bush in the fall, proper care and cultivation will help the plant to build up a powerful root system, and not give all its strength to the growth of shoots. However, a belated planting threatens the plant with freezing.

Transplanting an adult sea buckthorn bush

It is advisable not to transplant the sea buckthorn, but to choose a permanent "place of residence" for it in advance. If, due to circumstances, it becomes necessary to transplant an adult bush, carefully dig up most of the root system. It will not be possible to cover the entire rhizome, therefore, according to the volume of the resulting root system, the volume of the crown should also be cut.

Choosing the best place for transplant

Where to plant sea buckthorn on the site, if the original place was not chosen correctly. You should adhere to the rules:

• up to 1.5 m from the border of the site;
• more than 2 m between bushes;
• when planted in a row, the pollinator is planted centrally between the females.

When to transplant a sea buckthorn bush

When asked when and at what age a bush can be transplanted, the professionals answer unequivocally: a maximum of 1-2 year old plant and preferably in the spring. In this case, you should very carefully dig in and take out the plant. Any, even minor damage to the roots, will lead to drying out. Transplanting an adult sea buckthorn is almost impossible.

We form the correct sea buckthorn bush

Get ready for the fact that you have to periodically prune the sea buckthorn bushes.

1. When planting a female plant, the top is cut 7-10 cm from the edge, this stimulates branching.
2. In a bush of 3-4 years old, broken, rubbing branches are cut out and directed inward of the bush, and also, with violent growth, the tops are pruned to the height of good lateral branching.

The annual formation of adult plants is not an applicable concept for sea buckthorn, since the crown of this plant itself is very loose and does not impose requirements for subsequent molding pruning. Is that when growing sea buckthorn exclusively for decorative needs.

Male plants are vigorous, so they are not cut in height for more powerful pollination. The female plant develops more slowly. Sea buckthorn care rules state that pruning should be done in the spring. The process consists in cutting out the branches that bore fruit last season (they are harvested, since they will never yield a crop again), dry, damaged branches, unnecessary overgrowth and strongly overgrown tops.

How to rejuvenate an old bush

The rejuvenation process is simple - cut dry, fruiting shoots and processes thickening the crown in time.

"Sanitary cleaning is carried out annually, covering the wounds with garden pitch."

If the plant is dry, it is cut out under a stump, and the spinning tops are left to grow, one for each stump.

The second method of rejuvenation suggests leaving one coppice specimen in advance, since the youth of the bush passes quickly (10-15 years) and older shrubs are no longer good for anything.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, cuttings, layering, and also by grafting. If a male tree is not absent at a distance of 15-20 m, you need to either plant it on your site, or graft a branch of a male tree onto a female, resulting in both male and female flower stalks on the same bush.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by dividing the bush

Reproduction by the method of dividing the bush is rarely resorted to - when a plant is transplanted to a new place. Having dug a bush, they clean it of old shoots and divide the rhizome with pruning shears, trimming the roots. Each planting specimen must have its own healthy rhizome.

A lightweight method is reproduction by root shoots that appear 4-5 years after planting. The shoots are separated from the "mother" with a shovel, cutting the rhizome, then the shoot is planted in the ground and grown until autumn in a greenhouse or at home, maintaining high temperature and humidity. Before the autumn planting in the main place, the plant is tempered by airing.

Propagation by woody cuttings

A curious way of planting in spring involves the propagation of the bush by woody cuttings. Preparation of cuttings includes:

• autumn cutting of shoots more than 5 mm thick;
• burying the material in the snow;
• spring division of shoots into cuttings up to 15-20 cm in length;
• settling cuttings in water for 2-3 days;
• planting in fertile soil to a depth of 15 cm, so that 2 buds remain above the ground;
• seedlings shed well, the soil is tamped and sprinkled with low-lying peat.

A type of propagation by green cuttings is also practiced, which provides for the construction of a special mini-greenhouse.

It is usually placed under the crown of the mother bush. To do this, cover the bed with earth and river sand in a 1: 1 ratio, and cover it with coarse sand on top with a layer of 2-3 cm. Before planting, the bed is shed and inserted vertically 15-20 cm cuttings (previously soaked in water) at a distance of 10 cm from each other and at a depth of 3 cm.The planting is watered from a watering can and covered in arcs with a film at a distance of no more than 3 from the tops of the cuttings see After 2 weeks, the cuttings are tempered twice a day by airing for 3 days, then the film is removed. Before winter, the garden bed is covered with spruce branches or snow.

Seed propagation

Cultivated sea buckthorn is a plant created by grafting, therefore, propagation by seeds should definitely not be used. A wild species is likely to grow. The berry will be small, inedible sour, and the bush will be densely strewn with thorns.

Pollination features: male and female sea buckthorn varieties

Sea buckthorn is essentially a dioecious plant (that is, flowers of different sexes will be on different bushes). Therefore, you need to learn how to distinguish a male from a female when buying. It depends on whether the plant will be fruitful or will only serve as a pollinator.

A male plant of 3-4 years old has more rounded and large buds (similar to cones) with 5-7 scales. In the female, the kidneys are oblong and small, with two scales.

If the plant is young, within one to two years, you may well be mistaken.

Pollination of females occurs with gusts of wind. To consistently get a rich harvest, choose varietal female plants, and the "little man" can be wild.

How to properly care for a healthy berry outdoors

The roots of this shrub are located superficially (at a depth of 10-15 cm) and are widely spread 3 m from the trunk. Therefore, in no case should you loosen under the bush to a depth of more than 5 cm at a distance from the spread of the root system. If the roots are disturbed, the plant can dry out, which is observed everywhere. Mulching is best for weed control.

Sea buckthorn care in spring

In the spring, gardeners are engaged in sanitary pruning of the plant, covering the wounds with garden pitch, deoxidizing the soil in the near-stem circle and nitrogen fertilization. Whitewashing will also be favorable for the bush.

Sea buckthorn care in summer

The summer period is characterized by frequent watering, control of diseases, weeds and pests.

Sea buckthorn care in autumn

At the end of the berry picking, the shrub is fertilized with wood ash or superphosphate, shed well and mulched. In late autumn, the trunk and skeletal branches should be whitewashed.

How to water a sea buckthorn bush

The belief that sea buckthorn is drought-resistant is fundamentally wrong. On light soils, watering is required, especially during the ripening period of berries. In hot summers, this moisture-loving plant requires watering every other day. Otherwise, the foliage turns yellow and the berries fall off. Three buckets need to be poured under each bush, and in the heat the volume of water reaches 5 buckets. When pouring berries, each plant requires up to 80 liters of water.

Correct soil fertilization scheme

In the spring, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied under the bush, but not zealously, because nodules form on the rhizome of the plant, through which the bush independently consumes nitrogen from the air. Purchased phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or diluted wood ash (2 glasses per 10 liters of water) are applied at the end of July or at the beginning of August in the perimeter of the accumulation of active roots. When mulching the trunk circle, humus and compost should be used.

Attention! Sea buckthorn is not demanding for feeding, the main thing for it is careful pruning.

To avoid the lack of trace elements, once every 2-3 years in October-November, organic matter is introduced under the plant at the rate of up to 4 kg per 1 sq. m.

We treat sea buckthorn from diseases and pests

The most common pest of recent years is the sea buckthorn fly, which populates the plant with larvae. Literally "before our eyes" the berries dry up. It is recommended to treat sea buckthorn with insecticides twice a season: in mid-June and early July. Later, the shrub cannot be “etched” in order to preserve the beneficial properties of the berry.

There are other pests - moths, aphids and gall mites.

Of the diseases, one should single out verticillary wilting, which is incurable to this day.

The best varieties of sea buckthorn for the Moscow region, the Urals and Siberia

The most common type is buckthorn. The plant is ubiquitous, it is a thorny perennial (shrub or tree) that lives up to 75-80 years. Willow sea buckthorn is also planted in India, China and Nepal.

The best varieties are considered to have a dry separation (they have a long stalk). The tastier and sweeter varieties have an early ripening period, for example, the “spicy” variety. In Siberia, the following are considered the best varieties.

• "Chuiskaya" sea buckthorn - gives birth to berries in the form of a barrel on a thin leg, which weakly sticks to the branches. This makes the harvest much easier. Productivity up to 13-15 liters per bush.
• “Altai News”, without thorns, berries ripening - the end of August.
• The “giant” variety is distinguished by its larger berries on an elongated stem, which are convenient for harvesting. The berries, while still greenish, are already sweet.
• “Gift of Katuni” - is devoid of thorns, characterized by dense berries.

The following varieties are recommended for the Urals: “Tyuiskaya”, “Abundant”, “Orange”, “Oilseed”.

In the Moscow region, it is customary to plant varieties: "Lomonosov", "botanical" "amateur" and "botanical aromatic", "aromatic" and "excellent".

Late varieties of sea buckthorn

For processing, as usual, later varieties are planted:

• "Novinskaya";
• "Elizabeth";
• “Herringbone”.

Such a berry is harvested after the first frost in the morning and evening hours.

Harvesting healthy berries

The fruiting stage begins only by the fourth year of the plant's life. The berries ripen in late September - mid-October. The fruits have a bright flavoring accent reminiscent of pineapple. In the year of a bountiful harvest, the branches are bent under the weight of the berries.

By all the rules for harvesting sea buckthorn, tools such as a wire hook, wire loop and tweezers are used. Breaking off the branches of the plant is strictly prohibited.

In the absence of a specialized tool, only densely strewn branches can be cut with pruning shears. This procedure will not bring any harm, because there will be no harvest on such branches next year, and their growth (annual shoots) is too short and weak for good fruiting. It is better to rinse the berries with a stream of water from a hose directly on the tree.Next, you should let the berries air, harvest, sort out the leaves and start processing.

Processing of the product (with the exception of heat treatment) retains a high content of vitamin C. In frozen form, vitamins are stored for up to six months. Often juice is made from sea buckthorn berries, using it for vitamin deficiency (only in diluted form), and foliage and branches are processed to heal rheumatic diseases.

Secrets of growing sea buckthorn from experienced summer residents

The most valuable secret is the method of pollinating a plant without planting a pollinator. Several flowering branches are cut off from the male wild specimen and tied to the female bush.

When buying a plant for planting outdoors, it is better to choose a nursery in which varieties are tested for resistance in the winter and for yield. It is most profitable to buy an uncircumcised seedling, from it you can form the most fruitful multi-stem bush, but the look of the sea buckthorn tree is more aesthetic.