Types and varieties of orchids grown at home

Orchid (Orchids, as well as Orchids) is a plant of the flowering department, monocotyledonous class, of the order of asparagus, of the orchid family (Latin Orchidaceae). Orchids are one of the richest species of plant families.

The orchid plant got its name in ancient Greece thanks to the philosopher Theophrastus, a student of Plato. As a result of scientific research, the scientist came across an unfamiliar flower with roots in the form of a paired bulb and gave it the name "orchis", which means "egg" in Greek.

back to content ↑ Orchid flower: description, characteristics and photos.

Orchid flowers make up one of the most numerous plant families, the main part of which in nature is perennial grasses. Shrub form and woody lianas are less common. Orchids can range in size from a few centimeters, although individual species grow up to 35 meters in height.

Most of the orchids are epiphytes that grow on other plants, using them as a support and are not parasites. Epiphytic orchid flowers do not depend on the soil, receive more light and suffer less from herbivores.

Orchid epiphyte

The roots of the epiphyte orchid are extremely important organs as they perform many essential functions. First, with their help, orchids are attached to the substrate, which allows them to maintain an upright position. Second, the roots are actively involved in photosynthesis, sharing this function with the leaves. Thirdly, with the help of the root system, orchid flowers absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and bark of the plants on which they live.

Another, smaller part of orchids are lithophytes growing on rocky and stony rocks. Terrestrial orchids make up the medium-sized group. Both types are endowed with underground rhizomes or tubers.

Orchids lithophytes

The green stem of an orchid can be long or short, creeping or erect. The leaves are simple, alternate, on each plant there may be one or more of them.

Orchid flowers of the most varied colors and sizes form 2 types of inflorescences: a simple ear with a single arrangement of flowers or a simple brush with several flowers on pedicels growing along the stem.

The orchid flower belongs to insect pollinated plants, and the mechanisms of pollination of each species are sometimes unusual and very diverse.Orchids-shoes, which have a "shoe-like" flower structure, are endowed with a special trap for pollinating insects.

Orchis have sticky legs, the flowers of this orchid mimic the smell of female bees, thereby attracting males.

Flowers of tropical orchids intoxicate insects with an unusual aroma, other species shoot pollen towards the pollinator insect.

Orchis

The orchid fruit is a dry capsule containing up to 4 million microscopic seeds, which is a kind of productivity record among flowering plants.

Orchid fruit

The life span of orchids in natural conditions is individual, depends on many factors and under favorable conditions can be 100 years. In greenhouse conditions, many types of orchids live up to 70 years.

back to content ↑ Orchid species - names, descriptions and photos.

The modern classification of orchids, developed by the American scientist Dressler, contains 5 subfamilies, each of which is subdivided into several genera and many species:

• apostasy (Latin Apostasioideae) is a primitive subfamily consisting of 2 genera: neuvidia (Latin Neuwiedia) and apostasy (Latin Apostasia) and 16 orchid species, which are small herbaceous perennials. These orchids grow in Australia, New Guinea, Indochina and Japan.

Orchid of the genus Apostasia (Apostasia)

Orchid of the genus Neuwiedia

• cypripedia (Latin Cypripedioideae) - represent 5 genera and 130 species of orchids, consisting of terrestrial, rocky and epiphytic perennial grasses. One of the well-known genera is the Lady's Slipper, 5 varieties of which are found in Russia. The range of the subfamily is distributed over the temperate, tropical and subtropical latitudes of all continents, except Africa.

Lady's slipper (Cypripedium calceolus)

• vanilla (Latin Vanilloideae) - the subfamily includes 15 genera containing 180 species of orchids. Herbaceous plants or vines are distinguished by a large number of flowers in the inflorescence. The fruits of representatives of the genus Vanilla (Latin Vanilla planifolia) contain vanillin, which is widely used as a spice, perfumery and pharmacology. These orchids grow in the tropics of the African continent, Central, South America and Asian countries.

Orchid subfamily vanilla (Latin Vanilloideae)

• epidendric (lat. Epidendroideae) - the largest subfamily consists of more than 500 genera, forming over 20 thousand species of orchids. They are epiphytic perennials, less often terrestrial grasses, extremely rarely vines. Dactylostalix (Latin Dactylostalix), listed in the Red Book of Russia, is considered a remarkable genus. And also the genus Cattleya (lat. Cattleya), distinguished by fragrant, large, exceptionally beautiful inflorescences. These orchids grow in the temperate, tropical and subtropical zones of all continents.

Dactylostalix (lat.Dactylostalix ringens)

Cattleya Orchid

• orchids (orchids) (Latin Orchidoideae) - the subfamily unites 208 genera and almost 4 thousand species of perennial terrestrial plants with an erect stem. The genus of orchids Anacamptis (Latin Anacamptis) with beautiful spike-shaped inflorescences of bright color is considered interesting. And also representatives of the genus Palchatokorennik or Dactyloriza (Latin Dactylorhiza), the dried roots of which are used in case of poisoning and as a nutritional component in depletion. These orchids are found on all continents except Antarctica. The genus Phalaenopsis is also very common; it is representatives of this genus that are widely cultivated at home.

Anacamptis pyramidal (lat.Anacamptis pyramidalis)

Anacamptis (lat.Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. Grandiflora)

May fingernail (lat.Dactylorhiza majalis)

Fingering (orchis) fuchs (lat.Dactylorhiza fuchsii)

back to contents ↑ Phalaenopsis orchid.

Shades of Phalaenopsis orchids can be classified as follows:

• black Orchid;
• blue orchid;
• blue orchid;
• yellow orchid;
• red orchid;
• purple orchid;
• White orchid;
• pink orchid.

Phalaenopsis Orchid

back to content ↑ Orchid varieties - names, descriptions and photos.

There are endless varieties and varieties of orchids, among which the following can be distinguished:

Cattleya labiata (lat.Cattleya labiata). One of the largest representatives of cultivated orchids, although there are also small cattleyas. This variety has a very beautiful flower with wax-coated petals and a corrugated lip. The color of the orchid flower, which “lives” for almost three weeks, is the most versatile - from pale pink and beige tones to deep purple.

Cymbidium Orchid (lat.Cymbidium). An excellent variety of orchids, resistant to stress and unpretentious to care for. Hanging stalks contain 10-13 orchid flowers of the most unimaginable palette - from boiling white to purple or bright orange. This orchid variety blooms profusely and continuously for 8-10 weeks.

Fragrant lycast "Gold" (lat.Lycaste aromatica). This orchid variety is loved by connoisseurs for its spectacular bright lemon-toned flowers with a delicate and persistent aroma. Peduncles are high, up to 25 cm, flowers in diameter often exceed 15-17 cm.

Darwinar's Orchid (lat.Darwinara). A miniature hybrid of an orchid with very dark, leathery leaves and a graceful inflorescence, including small, 2-3 cm in diameter, blue-violet flowers. The inflorescence is racemose, may contain 7-12 flowers with a delicate aroma.

Potinara «Burana Beauty» (lat... Potinara Burana Beauty, Rhyncattleanthe). The hybrid is distinguished by luxurious variegated yellow-red flowers, with wavy petals. The peduncle of an orchid of medium height, this orchid variety blooms all summer, and with proper care it pleases with beauty even in the first autumn month.

Cymbidium "Twelve" (lat... Cymbidium Twelve). An orchid with long, rather narrow leaves. The cymbidium "Twelve" orchid bud is whitish-pink in color, with a slight reddish speck. Inflorescences drooping, racemose, short.

Orchid Dendrobium Nobile (Latin Dendrobium nobile) sometimes reaches 60 centimeters in height, the minimum growth of this individual is about 30 centimeters. The diameter of one bloom varies from 4 to 7 centimeters. And the branch of the Dendrobium Nobile orchid can have inflorescences of different tones.

back to contents ↑ Where do orchids grow?

Representatives of the largest family of orchids adapt so easily to habitat conditions that they have spread almost all over the globe and feel comfortable in absolutely all climatic zones, except for the harsh Antarctica. The main part of orchid species grows in the tropics, but these luxuriously flowering plants can be found in latitudes with a temperate climate. Europe and Asia, the countries of North and South America - anywhere orchids perfectly adapt to natural conditions, bloom profusely and increase their range.

back to contents ↑ Planting orchids at home.

Surprisingly, contrary to popular belief that an indoor flower should grow in a pot with soil, orchids prefer to "dwell" in containers with a substrate of bark, sand, forest moss, peat and even foam. Orchid soil can be bought ready-made, or you can make it yourself.

Pine bark is usually taken from a “dead” tree. It is crushed, boiled in water and dried. In moss, only the upper green part is used, after washing it with boiling water and grinding it. The sand for the substrate is only coarse. You can also add charcoal, foam chips and small expanded clay to the mixture. The components are mixed and thoroughly moistened immediately before planting the orchid.

Bulbophyllum frostii (Latin Bulbophyllum frostii)

By the way, when choosing a pot for an orchid, stop at pots made of white or other light plastic: they will bask less in the sun. Wicker baskets or pots are perfect for planting orchids. You need to plant the plant as carefully as possible so as not to damage the rather fragile roots of the orchid. You should not tamp the substrate - just fill them in the voids around the rhizome of the flower.

back to content ↑ Orchid care at home.How to care for a potted home orchid?
Lighting for orchids.

Proper lighting is a major factor in the care of your home orchid. The plant needs 12-15 hour daylight hours, so additional lighting will be required on short winter days. In other seasons, it is better to place the plant on the east or west side of the room, closer to the window. The south windows will have to be shaded; on the north side, you will need constant fluorescent lighting.

Flying Duck Orchid (lat. Caleana major)

back to contents ↑ Orchid: temperature regime.

The temperature regime for an orchid depends on the type of plant. Phalaenopsis and other tropical orchid species are kept in summer at temperatures up to +32 degrees, during winter night hours the temperature should not fall below +15.

Dendrobiums, miltonia and other species native to the subtropics prefer a more gentle atmosphere: +22 in summer daytime hours and + 12-15 degrees in winter.

The indoor orchid grows well and blooms at an air humidity of 60-70%. Spraying has a short-term effect and, unfortunately, contributes to the development of infections and leaf rot. Therefore, the best option would be to use air humidifiers, install open containers of water and moisten the gravel in the pan. Spraying the orchid should be minimized, being careful not to get water on the flowers.

back to contents ↑ Watering orchids. How to water an orchid?

"How to water an orchid correctly?" - a question that worries many lovers of this beautiful plant. Orchids cannot tolerate stagnant water, which can lead to yellow leaves and root rot. For watering orchids, it is better to use soft water - rain, thawed or boiled. Summer watering of the orchid is carried out after the soil or substrate dries up, 2-3 times a week, in winter it is rarely watered, as soon as the pseudobulb begins to wrinkle.

back to contents ↑ Orchid transplant. How to transplant an orchid?

Many people ask the question: "How to transplant an orchid?" Orchids are transplanted only if necessary, this process is often replaced by transshipment into a larger container. The best "dwellings" for an orchid are ceramic or plastic pots with holes in the walls or a basket.

Brick fragments or granite crushed stone are used as drainage, which is filled with 1/4 of the container. Holes and slots are laid with sphagnum. The substrate is prepared from 5 parts of pine or willow bark, 2 parts of sphagnum and 1 part of charcoal. If you add crushed fern rhizomes, fallen leaves of trees and peat to the mixture, you can do without top dressing. The orchid is carefully lowered into the container, the fragile roots are straightened and the voids are filled without compacting the substrate. Then the plant is fixed with wire and is not watered for 5 days.

Radial guide (lat.Pecteilis radiata)

With a timely (every 2-3 years) transplant, orchids can do without feeding at all, getting the necessary nutrition from the substrate. An excess of fertilizer suppresses the plant's immunity, which reduces orchid flowering and leads to infections. A high concentration of mineral salts can lead to the death of the plant, and if there is a need to feed the orchid, it is better to use special fertilizers: “Bona Forte”, “Kristalon”, “Pokon”, “Compo” or “Greenworld”. When using any fertilizer for orchids, the recommended dose should be halved. Orchid feeding is carried out only in spring and summer, during the period of plant growth.

To stimulate flowering, it is advisable to treat orchids with the preparations "Ovary", "Bud", "Blossom".

Oncidium warty (Latin Oncidium varicosum)

Phalaenopsis rosea

back to contents ↑ Reproduction of orchids.

Representatives of various species and even genera are capable of interbreeding and producing numerous hybrids.Targeted interspecific pollination has given birth to hundreds of thousands of artificial orchid hybrids, many of which have become favorite houseplants. Representatives of the genera Phalaenopsis, Cattleya and Dendrobium are especially popular. Each type of orchid has individual recommendations for the conditions of maintenance and general rules for all types of care and breeding.

Reproduction of orchids is carried out in any of 3 known ways:

• lateral stem shoots - children, which are separated from the mother plant and planted separately;
• layering - air suckers, by rooting on the mother plant in a special greenhouse and with subsequent separation;
• vegetatively, dividing the rhizome and planting fragments containing 2-3 pseudobulbs.

back to contents ↑ Orchid bloom.

An orchid plant, subject to proper lighting and proper care, can bloom 2 times a year, in spring and autumn. Non-infectious diseases in a plant occur due to hypothermia, excessive watering, insufficient lighting, and sunburn. Long-term negative impact is fraught with the death of the plant.

Golden orchid

Black Orchid

back to contents ↑ Diseases of orchids.

Orchid diseases are rare and require specialist intervention:

• Bacterial leaf spot. The disease is fairly easy to treat. Isolate the "patient" from other indoor flowers! Remove damaged parts of the orchid by cutting off with scissors. Treat the slices with ordinary brilliant green, cinnamon powder or activated carbon.
• Anthracnose. With this disease, be sure to eliminate all diseased parts on the plant! Spray your orchid with Sandofan, Previkur or Profit fungicides.
• Powdery mildew. If there are visible signs of this disease, pour abundantly the container in which the orchid is growing with water several times. After a couple of hours, spray the plant with a solution of colloidal sulfur or Topsin-M.
• Rust. The disease is serious but treatable. The orchid plant should be thoroughly rinsed under running water, without fear of flooding it, replace the substrate in the container. Then it is necessary to sprinkle the orchid with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate and treat it with the Manual-Orchid agent from a spray bottle.
• Root, black, gray, fusarium rot. It is imperative to remove the affected areas on the plant by cutting off with scissors and sprinkling with crushed activated carbon. Replace the substrate with a new one, before washing the container and orchid roots in a pink solution of potassium permanganate.
• Sooty mushrooms. A flower disease can be cured by spilling the substrate twice and spraying the plant with preparations such as "Mikosan" or "Topsin-M".

Below are the answers to the most frequently asked questions for orchid flower lovers.

back to contents ↑ Why doesn't the orchid bloom?

In any case, this beauty refuses to bloom because of the poor conditions of its detention. The absence of flowers can be caused by excessively dry or very humid air, the temperature of the flower content below 22-25 degrees, lack of sunlight, or, on the contrary, too "hot and sunny" windowsill.

Phalaenopsis orchid flower

back to contents ↑ Why does the orchid turn yellow?

This can happen in different ways. Due to excess fertilizers or excessive organic feeding, due to excess or lack of light, due to damage to the plant by pests, mechanical damage to the roots, dry indoor air and flooded soil in the container.

back to contents ↑ Why isn't the orchid growing?

Make sure the growing conditions are right! Perhaps you just flooded a pot with a plant, or you put a container with an orchid on a window that is too sunny. Another reason is a very small container in which a flower grows, and an illiterately composed substrate: the roots of an orchid need space and a lot of air. The heavy soil does not suit this beauty at all!

Orchids of the genus Dracula (Dracula simia)

back to contents ↑ Why does the orchid fall?

There are many reasons for the dropping of buds or flowers of an orchid. Lack of light, draft, heat or cold, dry air in the room, stress as a result of "moving" the plant to another place, incorrect watering regime. In all these cases, the orchid gets sick and sheds its luxurious flowers, and sometimes leaves.

Anguloa uniflora (Anguloa uniflora)

back to contents ↑ How to save an orchid?

Many people ask this question. To do this, do not overheat the orchid and burns under the scorching rays of the sun, do not place a container with an orchid in winter next to heating devices that dry out the air, do not moisten the soil in the pot unnecessarily, do not "chill" the heat-loving beauty while airing the room in a cold season.

back to content ↑ Orchid: beneficial properties. The use of orchids.

In addition to exceptional decorative properties, some types of orchids have valuable beneficial properties that are widely used in folk and traditional medicine.

Tubers of certain orchid species contain a large amount of mucus, rich in antiseptics and immunoglobulins, as well as starch and protein. A decoction of the roots of Lyubka two-leaved (lat. Platanthera bifolia) is used for indigestion, inflammation of the bladder, as an analgesic and antiseptic.

Two-leaved Lyubka (Latin Platanthera bifolia)

The roots of the Cremastra orchid (Latin Cremastra appendiculata) are used as a pain reliever and antidote for snake bites. Dendrobium nobile or noble (lat. Dendrobium nobile) is used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pain syndromes and as an aphrodisiac. Three-fold or triple calantha (lat.Calanthe triplicata) is used to treat diarrhea, relieve swelling and all kinds of pain. Royal anectochilus (Latin Anoectochilus regalis) is a rare epiphytic orchid, from which valuable medicinal oils are obtained.

Ophris bee

Bee ophrys (lat.Ophrys apifera)

back to contents ↑ Orchid: interesting facts:

• The orchid flower is rightfully considered one of the most extraordinary plants, there are many beautiful legends about it. Confucius called the orchid “The King of Fragrant Flowers”.
• In the 19th century England was gripped by "orchid fever": growing orchids was considered a sign of good form, and real collectors were not intimidated by the price of 500 pounds for a new plant.
• The amazing beauty of the orchid fascinated Charles Darwin and inspired the scientist to create a fundamental two-volume work on orchids, which is still considered the best in the field.
• Orchids last longer than other flowers in cut, although in many countries it is not customary to give orchids.
• At the end of the 19th century, the largest orchid flower was discovered in the Malay archipelago, its petals reached a length of 90 cm.
• According to psychologists, contemplation of a blooming orchid can cure depression. In addition, the orchid does not cause allergies - a rare quality for flowering plants.

Orchid Dracula robledorum

Orchid Ophrys Vernixia

Orchid inseciferous orchid (Ophrys insectifera)

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Many growers consider the orchid to be one of the most beautiful flowers in the world. She attracts with her tenderness, splendor and charm. Its flowers can be of a wide variety of shades: lilac, green, purple, white, burgundy, orange... But not many people know that the orchid also belongs to one of the largest families, which numbers about 750 genera and more than twenty thousand species.

The main types and varieties of orchids, their names

Since there are quite a few varieties in the world, we will focus only on the most popular and interesting species.

Dendrobium

Dendrobium Orchid

Translated from the Latin language, dendrubium means "living on a tree." In nature, this species grows in dense forests on the trunks and branches of trees, closing from the bright rays of the sun.... Homeland - Australia, South Asia. These plants are small in size with unusual flowers that cover the entire cylindrical stem. Flowers are varied in color, shape and size. Leaves are oval, green. Dendrobium shoots are cylindrical, thickened and seemingly surrounded by a thin film.

Cymbidium

Cymbidium Orchid

This species is still more common in bouquets and floristic compositions than in the collections of florists. In nature, cymbidiums lead an epiphytic, terrestrial or lithophytic lifestyle. They differ in leathery xiphoid leaves and thin elongated peduncles... They can be of different colors and sizes. The flowering period is long. A typical simple representative is the classic cymbidium.

Cattleya

Cattleya Orchid

This orchid is named after the botanist William Cattley. In nature, Cattleyas lead predominantly an epiphytic lifestyle. They are endowed with long pseudobulbs, thickened in the middle and large leathery leaves about 30 cm long... Flowers of the original form, many shades (from white to dark purple). The flowering period is from early spring to autumn. The Cattleya scent is similar to lily of the valley.

Orchid Blue

Blue orchid

A modern variety bred by Japanese botanists at Chiba University by crossing the Asiatic Commeline and the Phalaenopsis of Aphrodite. The blue species is distinguished by smaller flowers than hybrid analogs up to 5 cm in diameter and marked with wide leaves... The plant has received the scientific name "Phalaenopsis Aphrodite - Royal Blue". It is extremely rare on sale.

Miltonia

Miltonia Orchid

Plants of the Miltonia genus are popular among biologists due to their ease of crossing. On its basis, such well-known subspecies as Veksillaria, Retzla and others were derived. Miltonia are endowed with large green leaves with a gray or yellowish tint and fragrant flowers., resembling pansies in appearance, only of a larger size and various shades. The flowering period is long.

Varieties of Black Orchid

Black Orchid

A mysterious plant, the origin of which is still legendary even in scientific circles. It is believed that it was stolen by the botanist naturalist George Cranleith from local tribes who considered it sacred. One way or another, flower growers all over the world do not stop admiring the Black Orchid, because it is not only beautiful, but also very rare. Black orchid is distinguished by long elongated peduncles, short dark leaves, multiple shoots of a light marsh shade... The flowers appear to be black in appearance, but in fact they are dark purple in color and smell of vanilla.

Cambria

Orchid cumbria

A hybrid bred for indoor and greenhouse cultivation. Features a fusiform pseudobulb with 2-3 tight-fitting dark green leaves 25-35 cm long... From the bulb, 1-2 peduncles stretch upward with many small blooms of the original red shade in a small speck. After flowering, the bulb is removed, and a new one grows in its place. Thus, with proper care, the plant can bloom almost all year round.

Wanda

Orchid Wanda

Another type of spray orchid. The plant is large, with a dense stem, rigid xiphoid leaves, large peduncles. Can be blue, purple, pink or white... In nature, Wanda is found in the southern latitudes of Brazil and America.

Yellow orchid

Yellow orchid

A hybrid bred for home keeping. It looks like a compact orchid, endowed with one stem and juicy shiny leaves of a dark green color, as if covered with wax on top. Medium-sized flowers with a pleasant scent... Although the hybrid was named "Yellow Orchid", its peduncles are not always uniform in color. They can be covered with bright pinkish specks or have a pronounced pink core.

Phalaenopsis mini

Phalaenopsis mini orchid

A variety that is loved in home interiors due to its decorative properties and compact size. Phalaenopsis takes root well in modern apartments. It is endowed with one or two peduncles with many colors of different shades., small fleshy dark green leaves and marsh shoots. The flowering period is from spring.

Dracula

Dracula Orchid

A rare unusual species of orchids, leading an epiphytic lifestyle. Differs in large, large original peduncles, resembling "the mouth of a dragon". It is interesting that this particular orchid is pollinated not only by insects, but also by bats. The amazing dark purple color of the flowers also gives a mystical image.

Bulbophyllum

Bulbophyllum Orchid

The largest in number orchid variety, which includes about two thousand subspecies. Bulbophillums grow in tropical forest latitudes of hot countries. They bloom in two rows along the shoot with small buds... The flowering is delicate, waxy, with a specific aroma. The leaves are juicy, large, rich green color.

Aganizia

Orchid Aganizia

The distinctive features of Aganizia are the leaves and flowers of the original form. The leaves are presented in the form of an ellipse, located on a miniature stalk... At the base, the orchid is covered with dry scales. On the peduncle there are ten star-shaped flowers that are odorless.

Angrekum

Orchid Angrekum

Orchids with monopodial branching type. Endowed with leathery two-row belt-shaped leaves and multi-flowered peduncles... The flowers are star-shaped with long spurs. Among Angrekum there are subspecies that are large enough and not adapted for domestic cultivation (Eburneum, Sesquipedale).

Beallara

Beallar's Orchid

A hybrid species obtained by a complex crossing of Brassia, Kokhlioda, Miltonia and Odontoglossum. The orchid got its name in honor of Fergus Ball from Seattle, Washington state. Beallara is characterized by thickened stems with stem bulbs emerging from them... Several new shoots are formed on pseudobulbs, which replace the old ones as they wither. Leaves are elongated, belt-like, with a pronounced central vein. Flowers are collected in inflorescences of several pieces, fragrant, star-shaped. The flowering period is July-August.

Bifrenaria

Bifrenaria Orchid

The original name Bifrenaria acquired due to the structure of the flower. From the Latin language, this word means "two bridles" or "paired bridles". Bifrenaria is externally presented in the form of a tetrahedral bulb, from which one or two lanceolate green leaves are formed. One peduncle stretches from the pseudobulb, on which 1-3 large fleshy flowers with a diameter of 7-9 cm are located... Has a pungent specific odor.

Brassavola

Brassavola Orchid

It got its name from the part of the Venetian botanist Antonio Brassavola. Brassavola is blessed with fleshy green leaves formed from a cylindrical bulb. Peduncles are elongated with flowers of a star-like shape, greenish or white-yellow hue, the number of which can reach 5-6 pieces... The scent of an orchid is expressed at night, and almost invisible during the day.

Brassia

Brassia Orchid

Due to the unusual appearance of flowers, color and sepal shape, this representative is popularly dubbed the "Spider Orchid". Brassia has large pseudobulbs, lanceolate leaves of rich green color, large flowers with narrow yellow petals with a brown tint and contrasting blotches... The main feature of Brassia is the ability to bloom throughout the year.

Grammatophyllum

Orchid Grammatophyllum

One of the tallest and largest representatives of the Orchid family. The height of grammatofillums can reach 55-60 cm... They have large pseudobulbs, branched peduncles with bright colors of light yellow color with small brownish blotches.

Zygopetalum

Zygopetalum Orchid

Zygopetalums grow in a kind of ladder, forming rhizomes (creeping shoots) that rise above the ground. Each young pseudobulb appears in the development process just above the base of the previous one.By the way, it was thanks to this feature that the genus got its unusual name. Zygopetalum pseudobulbs are green, smooth, shortened, slightly flattened, oval or elliptical in shape... In appearance, they seem to "sit in a nest" with formed flat leaves with a leathery glossy plate and pronounced central veins. Peduncles are pulled out from the axils of the lower leaves. The flowers are large, showy, zygomorphic, with a pleasant aroma.

Catacetum

Orchid Catasetum

A genus of epiphytic orchids, including about one hundred and fifty species. Catasetums are endowed with creeping shortened stems tightly pressed to the soil surface, oval pseudobulbs. Catasetums have up to 5-7 pairs of leaves. Leaf plates 20-30 cm long, leathery, thin, oval-pointed, with pronounced longitudinal veins... A characteristic feature of the species is the sexual dimorphism of flowers.

Lelia

Lelia Orchid

A small genus, including only 23 species of perennial lithophytic and epiphytic plants. They are characterized by a sympodial type of growth. Pseudobulbs are cylindrical or ovoid. Leaves are dense, green. Some species have one leaf, others have two... New shoots can develop at the base of old ones or near them (depending on the species). This orchid blooms in the winter and spring seasons (December to April). The flowers are very fragrant, zygomorphic in shape.

Lycasta

Lykasta Orchid

This genus was first described in England in 1843 by the botanist John Lindley. It has about forty-five species of orchids growing on the ground and trees.... These orchids have one or more elongated peduncles with large flowers, flattened pear-shaped bulbs, elliptical or folded leaves. Peduncles are formed at the base of the bulbs and each of them is endowed with only one flower. emerge from the base of leafless bulbs.

Ludisia

Ludisia Orchid

The people christened it "Precious Orchid". Compared to other species, its flowers are quite small and not as spectacular. Ludisia attracts attention with spectacular, shiny, velvety foliage of variegated color... This orchid can maintain a decorative appearance for several years.

Makodes

Orchid Makodes

Another type of orchid, which is appreciated not for flowers, but for the beauty of velvety delicate leaves. In appearance, they seem to be embroidered with copper, gold or silver threads.... Most often, there are leaves of a delicate green color, but there are also olive, cherry, marsh, brown and even almost black. The flowers of these orchids are inexpressive, small.

Miltassia

Orchid Miltassia

This orchid is a hybrid of Bracia and Miltonia. Separated into a separate genus since the middle of the 19th century. Recognizing Miltassia is not difficult. Its flowers are star-shaped. The petals are elongated, pointed. Sponges are developed, often with a fringed border... Pseudobulbs are flattened and elongated. The leaves are lanceolate, seemingly folded in half. An orchid can simultaneously release several peduncles at once. The flowering period is long.

Odontoglossum

Orchid Odontoglossum

The name of this species comes from the ancient Greek words "odon" (tooth) and "glossum" (tongue) and indicates the presence of teeth-shaped processes at the base of the flower lip. Ontoglossum was first described in the early 18th century by the botanist Karl Kunt. It is a medium to large plant with a predominantly epiphytic lifestyle.... Vseudobulbs of odontoglossums are formed in close groups, flattened, with two or three fleshy leaves. Inflorescences drooping or straight, racemose or paniculate, multi-flowered.

Oncidium

Orchid Oncidium

Oncidiums were first described by the Swedish botanist Peter Olof Swartz in the early 18th century. People often call them "dancing dolls" due to their original flowers. The plant is characterized by a long flowering period. Lemon, red or brownish flowers... Coral coloration of the petals is sometimes found. Pseudobulbs of an oblong shape, covered with a thin bright skin, green leaves with a dense structure, the rhizome is short or slightly elongated.

Papiopedilum

Paphiopedilum Orchid

The name of this genus comes from two Latin words: "Pafos" (the birthplace of the goddess Venus) and "Pedilon" (slipper). The second name of the flower is Venus Slipper. Paphiopedilum was first described by the botanist Pfitzer in the late 19th century. Prior to that, he belonged to the Cypripedium genus. Currently, many representatives of the Paphiopedilum genus are popular in home and greenhouse floriculture. Lady's slipper has a short stem, a shortened rhizome, developed roots, broad-linear leaves 10-60 cm long... There are species with one-color green leaves and a dark marble pattern. Most species have single-flowered inflorescences.

Ghost (Poliriza)

Orchid Ghost (Poliriza)

It is considered one of the most mysterious and rare orchids, about the origin of which there are many legends. Differs in the absence of leaves and the unusual way of nutrition that the orchid receives from the mushrooms attached to its roots... It is pollinated by moths (hawk moth antey). It is believed that the Ghost Orchid was first discovered in Cuba in the 19th century. Blooms from June to August, the aroma is fruity and resembles a juicy apple. Flowers white-green

Fragmipedium

Orchid Fragmipedium

Decorative blooming orchid with unusual flowers in the shape of a shoe. Sometimes it is called that - "slipper". Phragmipedium has green pointed leaves collected in an elongated basket... The flowers are pink, snow-white, beige and olive. It takes root well at home.

Tselogin

Celogin's Orchid

Quite a large genus, including more than two hundred sympodial plants, growing in the humid southern forests of the Malay Archipelago and India. The name of cellogyne comes from the Latin word "koilos" (hollow) and refers to the hollow located on the column of the flower. Most celogin are distinguished by white or greenish flowers with a contrasting lip..

Cymbidium (black)

Cymbidium Orchid (black)

A kind of cymbium. Differs in beautiful deep purple (almost black) large flowers with a pleasant aroma... It is thanks to this feature that the species got its name. The form of the plant does not differ from the Classic Cymbium. More capricious in leaving.

Epidendrum

Orchid Epidendrum

Large genus including epiphytic, lithophytic and terrestrial orchids. There are about 1500 different types... Plants are characterized by a sympoidal growth pattern. Epidendrum is said to be the first of the orchid world to reach Europe. The name is translated from Latin as "on a tree" or "living on a tree." Differs in a long flowering period, large flowers with a pleasant aroma.

Conclusion

It is difficult to disagree that all orchids are individual and each is interesting and demanding in its own way. If you first decided to buy an orchid and do not know which one to choose, try to pay attention to the most popular types.... It will be more interesting for an experienced florist to dwell on rarer and more elegant specimens. They will perfectly complement the collection and surprise guests.

Orchid species are stunning in their diversity and abundance - there are more than 25,000 of them all over the world, and there are 150,000 plant hybrids. Each variety is individual and has its own nuances. A multifaceted palette of colors and shades allows you to satisfy any tastes and preferences.

Orchid is an amazing creation of nature, a symbol of harmony, perfection and spiritual rebirth. At all times, these unearthly flowers were covered with mystery - legends and tales were formed about them. The very word "orchid" is in tune with the angelic unearthly music, the sound of the highest heavenly spheres. Looking at the magnificent flower, fleeting dreams of the unseen and unknown, of the mysterious worlds and secrets of the universe come to life.

Orchid groups

All types of orchids can be divided into two groups:

1. Monopodial - orchid varieties that have one long stem growing vertically, and several peduncles can emerge from the base of the shoots (pseudobulb) or sinuses of fleshy dense leaves, which contain all the nutrients and trace elements necessary for the full growth and flowering of the plant;
2. Sympodial - this group includes orchid species that grow horizontally. They look like creeping vines, from which shoots emerge that connect to the root system. It is in these shoots that moisture and nutrients accumulate. The leaves of this group of orchids are much narrower and thinner than those of the first species, and die off much faster than those of monopodials.

Sympodial Monopodial

Genus, species and varieties of orchids

Orchid varieties are striking in their quantity and variety. A few articles are not enough to list all the orchids, and the plant family is constantly growing. It is worth paying attention to only the most famous and popular of them.

How to determine the type of orchid? This question interests many beginners in floriculture, because there are many varieties of orchids, and caring for them is different from each other. There is no need to worry too much here - rare orchids are unlikely to get to a novice florist, since they cannot be purchased in ordinary stores, and a simple amateur can handle the rest of the species by reading the information below.

How many types of orchids are there? Hardly anyone will answer this question for sure. The catalog of orchids is increasing to this day - until now, in the tropical thickets, more and more varieties of flowering plants of the Orchid or Orchid family are found, which include an incredible amount of amazing beauty of flowers.

Brassia

Brassia is a fairly common plant in our latitudes, although it is native to South America. This perennial with flowers of unusual shape and color, grows well in humid forests. For its flowers and buds, similar to the striped paws of a spider, the Brassia orchid was named "spider orchid". Plants of this genus do great at home, in pots. There are about 34 species of Brassia orchids, the most popular of which are Brassia Spotted and Brassia Warty. The plant is loved by flower growers and collectors because it is very unpretentious at home;

Brassia photos

Kambria

Cambria - the genus includes many species and hybrids, the "progenitors" of which are three or more varieties of orchids. Flowers of this genus are varied in size, shape and color, and looking at them gives the impression that they belong to completely different varieties and require different care. All of them are of the sympodial type of growth, and have oval or rounded pseudobulbs with narrow long leaves.

Important! When buying Cumbria, you need to pay attention to the number of pseudobulbs - there should be at least three of them. If you will be offered a copy on which there is only one pseudobulb, then you should not buy such an orchid - it will die after flowering.

Cambria photo

Cattleya

Cattleya is one of the genera of indoor orchids, which belongs to the most beautifully flowering plants. The magnificent flowering of the Cattleya, which has more than 187 species, attracts special attention of orchid lovers. The plant is sympodial, the flowers are bright and large, beautifully shaped, with a refined aroma, painted in all colors of the rainbow - the head is dizzy from the variety of the palette. Flowers come in such shades that you never dreamed of - from lilac, pink, ruby ​​red to fuchsia; from light lemon to bright orange and cinnabar; from white to green.

Important! Cattleya will bloom only when the plant has at least 4 bulbs;

Cattleya photo

Cimbidium

Cymbidium will proudly complement the home orchid species.Ampel orchid is notable for the fact that of all orchids at home, it is the most unpretentious - it requires minimal care. Originally from the mountainous regions of Asia and Japan, as well as Indochina and Australia, Cymbidiums delight ordinary people with their exotic flowering and unique aroma for up to ten weeks! The mountain orchid Cymbidium has narrow long leaves and small flowers of yellow or brown color. But they can also be green, cream, pink, or even red;

Cymbidium photo

Dendrobium

Dendrobium is one of the most beautiful orchid genera, growing in Asia, Oceania, China, Japan and the Philippines, predominantly in mountainous regions, but also found in the plains. There are many types of them, the most popular of which are Dendrobium Noble and Dendrobium Nobile, which feel great at home. These plants are mainly lithophytes, that is, they grow on rocks and stones, but they can also be epophytes growing on trees. Their flowers are so unusual that one can confuse them with wax products. Another type of Dendrobium - Dendrobium Phalaenopsis is a magnificent purple or lilac orchid of large size, which is most popular with flower growers. Bouquet dendrobium - one of the rarest species of orchids, grows at an altitude of 2 thousand meters. The amazing mountain orchid is distinguished by its lush bloom, beautiful color combination, and wonderful aroma;

Dendrobium photo

Lycaste

Lycasta - plants with gorgeous large flowers and intricate ornaments, their beauty often surpasses the most beautiful species of Phalaenopsis orchids, however, this genus is not considered as a potted orchid because of its impressive size. This beauty can only be grown in greenhouses and conservatories. The mountain orchid Lycasta grows in the mountainous regions of Mexico;

Lycast photo

Miltonia

Miltonia - this genus includes more than 20 species. It is notable for the fact that its delicate and touching flowers resemble butterflies in shape, and the pattern of the petals is such that it seems as if dew drops are flowing from them to the ground. The colors and shades of Miltonium flowers are simply striking in their variety - from dazzling white to deep purple, a combination of two or more colors with sharp contrasting transitions can be observed;

Miltonia photo

Odontoglossum

Odontoglossum is a fairly rare genus of orchids that cannot be bought at a flower shop. There are many species belonging to this genus, which have completely different shapes and colors. The most common are Ross's Odontoglossum, which has pale green flowers with brown or red spots; Odontoglossum Tambourine is a plant with white flowers with red spots; Schlieper's odontoglossum, which is notable for yellow flowers with brown stripes.

Important! Taking care of Odontoglossums at home is problematic, so if you are a beginner, it is better to refrain from this kind of establishment;

Odontoglossum photo

Oncidium

Oncidium is a unique plant with an unusual shape of flowers in the form of dancing pupae, yellow, combined with brown or reddish color, which are remarkable for varietal orchids of this genus, but hybrids can be of any color. This is one of the most unpretentious orchid genera, loved by flower growers, although some of them are faced with a reluctance to bloom.

Interesting! To make the flower bloom more abundantly, you can cut the root without removing the plant from the pot so that at least three pseudobulbs remain on both sides of the cut. Treat the incision with activated carbon, and do not water the plant for a week. As a result of such manipulations, in one pot you will get two plants that will give many peduncles.

Oncidium photo

Paphiopedilum

Papiopedilum is an amazing genus of orchids, called the Venus slipper, in honor of the city of Paphos, where the goddess of love and beauty Venus was born.It got its name for its lovely flowers, similar in shape to a lady's shoe. Flowers of this genus are dense to the touch, in appearance they resemble waxy, very beautiful in shape and color, some of them are covered with light down, and the leaves of the plant are decoratively colored with a marble pattern and pattern. This orchid is quite unpretentious in care, so it will not cause much trouble if you follow the basic rules;

Papiopedilum photo

Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis is the most popular and unpretentious genus of orchids. If you are a beginner, then this is exactly where you are the best place to start. Phalaenopsis are the most numerous genus with beautiful large flowers, shaped like butterflies, have long curved peduncles, and elliptical fleshy leaves. The flowers range from white to deep purple. The pink Phalaenopsis species open all their buds on the peduncle at the same time, and one day, the brush opens completely in all its glory. Flowers of this genus, among other things, have an unsurpassed scent that drives you crazy.

Phalaenopsis photo

Zygopetalum

Zygopetalum is a plant with short stems thickened towards the base and elongated folded leaves. Zygopetalum flowers are notable for their exotic appearance - an unusual shape and variegated colors of different shades, with a scent reminiscent of the scent of narcissus. Many, having seen a plant, are afraid to acquire it, thinking that this tropical orchid is capricious in care, but this is not at all so - it is not at all difficult to care for it, however, it will still have to pay attention. Observing all the conditions of care, you can achieve excellent results in the home cultivation of this bright beauty;

Zygopetalum photo

Vanda

Wanda is one of the most beautiful in the Orchid family. The plant is very popular among orchid lovers for its outlandish flowers in unique colors. There are 53 known species of this orchid, not to mention the numerous hybrids. Here I would like to focus on the most beautiful and mysterious of them - the purple Wanda orchid simply captivates at first glance with its mystery and grace. It will become a worthy decoration for any room, however, to grow it, you will have to work hard;

Wanda photo

Rinchostylis

Rinchostilis is an amazing plant with small flowers collected in inflorescences, reminiscent of lilac brushes, with an equally delightful aroma. Rhynchostilis are rather large in size, have large leathery leaves, and a thick stem. The flowers form drooping inflorescences, pink or white, monochromatic or spotted;

Rinhostilis photo

Aganisia

Aganizia is a small genus containing only 4 species, originally from South America. Differs in low growth and creeping stem. At home, only two types of this orchid are grown: Aganizia blue and Aganizia beautiful. Blue got its name for the delicate heavenly color of its beautiful small flowers, and Aganizia is beautiful - a small plant with small flowers of white-cream color. The flower stalks of the plant are small in length, only 15 cm, they place on themselves from 2 to 5 beautiful flowers;

Aganizia photo

Ludisia

Ludisia is called precious. It grows in the humid forests of China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Sumatra. The value of a plant lies not in its flowers, but in the leaves, which are very unusual. They have an amazing purple or olive color with light veins, and a velvety surface that sparkles in the sun like a jewel. Plant - undersized, creeping, no more than 15 cm high;

Ludisia photo

Caleana major

Caleana is a plant with bizarrely shaped flowers that look like a flying duck. This species is quite rare - you can find it only in Australia, Queensland. Caleana grows in eucalyptus forests. The plant is notable for its modest size: the height does not exceed half a meter, and the outlandish flowers are only 2 cm in diameter.The flower has only one leaf - narrow and thin. Flowers are dark purple or red-brown in color, less often - light green with pink or lilac spots;

Caleana photo

Angraecum

Angrekum is a beautiful plant with attractive flowers, from pure white to ivory color, and a delicate aroma. Grows on the island of Madagascar in tropical rainforests. It is impossible to grow this miracle of nature at home - it will take root only in greenhouses. Florists are attracted to plants of this genus not only by the unique beauty of flowers, but also by the fact that Angrekum blooms three times a year;

Angrekum photo

Catasetum

Catasetum is a unique plant in that it can simultaneously produce flowers that are completely different in size and color, very different from each other. This is because there are three different types of flowers on the Catasetums, depending on their location - female, male and bisexual. It is quite difficult to grow orchids of this genus at home, but it is possible;

Catasetum photo

Coelogyne

Tselogin is a spectacular genus of orchids notable for large white or greenish flowers with long petals and a contrasting lip. The flowers have a delicate refined aroma, which also attracts the attention of flower growers and collectors. Coelogins grow in the rain forests of India and Malaysia. Can also be grown at home;

Tselogin photo

Grammatophyllum

Grammatophyllum is one of the largest members of the Orchid family. The smallest plant of this genus reaches a height of half a meter. It has yellow flowers with a black pattern and large, elongated leaves. This plant is usually not grown at home as it is very large and takes up a lot of space. Optimal growing conditions in captivity are greenhouses and conservatories. Grammatophyllum, despite its huge size, is very unpretentious, and any amateur can cope with its cultivation.

Interesting! The largest orchid in the world belongs to the genus Grammatophyllum. It is located in Indonesia, in a botanical garden near Jakarta, and it grows right on a palm tree. The length of each inflorescence reaches 3 meters, and the diameter of the flower is 15 cm.

Grammatophyllum photo

Neofinetia

Neofinetia is a genus of perennial miniature orchids that grow in the high mountain deciduous forests of China, Korea and Japan. For a long time it was considered monotypic and represented by only one species - sickle neofinetia. At the end of the last century, a new species, Neofinetia richardsiana, was discovered in one of the Chinese provinces, and at the beginning of the current one, another, Neofinetia xichangensis. In nature, plants form dense clumps of rosettes of double-row leathery leaves with fragrant white flowers.

Neofinetia photo

Sedirea

Sedireya is an epiphytic orchid native to the southern provinces of Japan and China; it also grows in the humid forests of Ryu Kiu and Korea. There are only two species in the genus - Sedirea subparishii and Sedirea japonica, both are protected by CITES Appendix II as endangered. Well known in cultivation. The leaves of the cedirea resemble those of the phalaenopsis. The flower stalks are drooping, bearing inflorescences of various colors with 6-12 flowers with a strong citrus aroma.

Photo cedirea

Miltoniopsis

Miltoniopsis is a sympodial orchid in which pagons with leaves are formed one after another, alternately growing on the rhizome. At the base of the shoots is a thick oval pseudobulb, which is fan-shaped surrounded by scaly leaves. A single lanceolate leaf of a light emerald hue grows on the top of its head.

Peduncles are formed secluded in the axils of the leaves of new growth. Only the shoot of this year is blooming, but it is undesirable to remove the old tuberidia - they serve as a backup source of nutrition for the orchid. The flowers are large with a lip of impressive size. Pink, purple, scarlet, scarlet and lilac-violet palette of saturated shades on the petals predominate, as well as ornaments in the form of strokes and specks. The lip at the base is characterized by a yellow spot around the outgrowth. Flowering lasts 6-8 weeks, but flowers are unsuitable for bouquets - they fade quickly.

Miltonopsis photos

Conclusion

Orchid flowers were admired, they bowed down, considering them sacred, with their help they expelled dark forces and prepared love potions.

A symbol of elegance, luxury and patronage - the orchid at first glance won the hearts of not only the rich and noble. Today this splendor is available to everyone who wishes to enjoy the delightful beauty of Divine creation.

In the appearance of a beautiful and amazing orchid, all the beauty and grandeur of nature, with its diversity and splendor of colors and forms, is revealed. Indeed, the creator is perfect who created this inimitable magic called the orchid!

Perhaps, few flowers can be compared in beauty and unusualness with the outlandish beauty of the overseas orchid. No wonder in the 18th century this flower made a splash in Europe, and orchid varieties cost a fortune. The variety of species of these flowering plants is impressive, and if earlier they were grown in greenhouses and greenhouses, today orchids can be seen in the homes of many indoor flower lovers.

Description and characteristics of the orchid flower

In the wild, orchids are found on all continents (excluding Antarctica), with more than 30 thousand species of these amazing plants. The orchid family is the most numerous, it includes not only varieties, but also hybrids obtained thanks to the work of breeders.

ON A NOTE!

Orchids existed on Earth already at the end of the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous era).

The plant is rosette, has simple or alternate dense dark green leaves. The roots can be round or flat. Orchids have three types of root systems:

• lianas;
• epiphytes;
• lithophytes.

Inflorescences usually form in the axils of the leaves, the number of flowers on the peduncles depends on the variety. Inflorescences are either a brush or an ear, some types of orchids have single flowers. Orchid flowers are characterized by mirror symmetry, as well as a certain construction pattern: three petals and three sepals. One of the petals stands out in size - the so-called lip, which most often has a spur with nectar. The stamens are fused with the pistil, the anthers consist of nests (the number can be different - 2, 4 or 8). At the same time, pollinium is formed in each nest - glued pollen.

The sizes of orchid buds, as well as their shapes, are different: from tiny to giant flowers (up to 15-17 cm). The color scheme is varied, from rare sky-blue shades to violet, magenta and orange.

IT IS INTERESTING!

There are types of orchids that have very nondescript flowers, but attract attention with their luxurious multicolored leaves.

The plant is perennial, under appropriate conditions in the wild, the age of some orchid species reaches 80-120 years. Just as the sizes, shapes and shades of orchids are varied, the fragrances of this flower are so multifaceted. The smell is not persistent, but you can catch notes of coffee, rose, cinnamon, watermelon, vanilla, chocolate, citrus in it. There are odorless species, there are orchids with a very bright and strong fragrance, others have a barely audible aroma that unfolds only at certain hours of the day.

The types of orchids are different, and therefore the conditions for growing these plants are also different:

• cool mode (for Australian dendrobiums, cellogyne);
• moderately warm conditions;
• orchids that need constant heat (wandas, phalaenopsis, cattleya).

The flower is quite demanding on temperature, humidity indicators, type of soil (substrate), so not every grower decides to grow it. But today a large number of hybrid forms have been bred, which grow well at home, subject to the basic techniques of agricultural technology.

How to identify an orchid variety by flowers

There are a great many species, varieties and hybrids of orchids, and it is not so easy to remember the names, as well as the features of certain varieties.

According to the type of growth, two large groups are distinguished:

• monopodial;
• sympodial.

The first group includes plants that have one (hence the name "mono") stem, right on which leaves are formed. Orchid flower buds form in their sinuses. The stem is straight, growing upward, while the plants of that group lack pseudobulbs.

The most common types of monopodial orchids are Phalaenopsis and Vandas. The latter can grow well and delight with flowering even without a substrate.

Sympodial species form several shoots that grow from the very base. The flowers are regularly renewed, as soon as one bud fades, new buds are formed per change. These orchids have pseudobulbs that can be used as propagation material. This group includes the beauties of Cattleya, magnificent cymbidiums, unpretentious dendrobiums, as well as lelia and oncidium.

The group of orchids that have luxurious leaves (varieties Gudayera, Makodes and others) was named Precious.

Orchid varieties

The total number of orchid species has exceeded thirty thousand, and it is rather difficult to describe each of them. But there are those that are popular and widespread, so we will talk about them.

Calypso bulbous

Delicate, graceful, fragile - these are the epithets that are most often awarded to this magnificent type of orchid. Often Calypso because of the special shape of the flower is called "Lady's Slipper", as well as "Lady's Slipper".

The Calypso orchid grows in the cool forests of the northern territories, loves calm places. In Russia, this wonderful flower is under protection (listed in the Red Book), unfortunately, it is rarely found in the wild.

Flowers are solitary, formed on a stem up to 18-20 cm high. The color of the petals is pink, lilac, red, violet, purple. There is a very pleasant aroma.

Reproduction takes place through bulbs or by germination of seeds (the scheme is complex, since this requires the presence of special fungal filamentous formations).

Wanda blue

One of the most luxurious types of orchids, while it is the only plant, the petals of which are painted by nature itself in a sky-blue color. Forms a large plant with hard leathery xiphoid leaves, high peduncles. Belongs to epiphytes, forms powerful aerial roots. The flowers are large (up to 8-9 cm in diameter); an intricate ornament is visible on a blue background.

In the wild, there are more than a dozen different varieties of this variety, but two are suitable for greenhouses, growing at home, including the blue vanda. Demanding for light, regular watering. The juice of this flower is used in official medicine (as a component of drugs to improve vision).

Cymbidium eburnum

It belongs to one of the most popular varieties of the orchid family and is valued for its spectacular flowers. Cymbidium eburneum has an erect peduncle, which is crowned with a luxurious white flower with yellow spots. The homeland of this species is the humid forests of China and Burma; hybrid forms are most often found on sale.

The second name of the flower is "ivory", flowering begins in spring, needs abundant watering, spraying, moderate temperature. The aroma of flowers is bright and strong, reminiscent of the smell of the familiar lilac.

Odontoglossum cordate

A beautiful epiphytic orchid with elongated upper petals and a heart-like lip. On the yellow background of the upper petals of the flower, there are chaotic brown stripes and specks. The lip of the flower is pinkish with purple spots.

The plant is large in size, requires a high-quality substrate, moderate watering. It needs a lot of fresh air, therefore, in urban apartments, it is often grown on balconies and loggias. Cover from direct sunlight is required.

Habenaria radiata

This type of orchid is cultivated in Japan, China, Korea - in gardens, and also as a houseplant. In the Land of the Rising Sun, it is poetically called the White Heron Orchid, since the lip of a plant flower is very similar to the outstretched wings of a large bird.

The height of the habenaria radiata reaches 20-30 cm, the peduncle is high, strong.

The color of the petals is pearl white. The variety is considered quite whimsical, requires a certain temperature regime and special watering. Prefers a high level of humidity - up to 60-70%, does not tolerate drought.

Oncidium beautiful

Among the various types of orchids of the genus Oncidium, the beautiful oncidium stands out. This is a very large and beautiful orchid from the epiphytic group, forming straight peduncles. On each of them, 18-20 magnificent flowers of bright yellow color are formed. The upper petals of the flowers have maroon specks. The diameter of the flowers is up to 6-8 cm.

Young leaves of the beautiful oncidium have a green or grayish color, and in old plants they acquire a purple and even brown tint. The flowers have a pleasant aroma. This type of orchid is great for cutting, flowers last up to three weeks.

Types of flowers

Orchids also differ in the types of root systems. Still, these are plants that grow in special conditions that are significantly different from those that create ordinary indoor or garden flowers.

Epiphytic

This type of orchid in nature grows high above the ground, using trees and shrubs as supports and bases. They get food from the air, a small amount of soil, which accumulates in the hollows of trees, folds of bark, on the branches.

ON A NOTE!

Epiphytes should not be confused with parasitic plants. Epiphytic orchids do not feed on other plants, they only use them as support.

The roots of epiphytic plants are strong, elastic, and have a greenish or silvery hue. Such species of the orchid family are successfully grown at home.

Lithophytic

Somewhat different growing conditions in lithophytic species, forced to adapt to life among limestones, hard rocks, rocks, stones.

In general, their root system differs little from the epiphytic representatives of orchids, but most often this species prefers moist conditions. Such orchids bloom well if there is a sharp drop in daily temperatures, high humidity is observed.

In order to achieve flowering, they are often cultivated in special display cases. Some genera of orchids include both lithophytic and epiphytic species, as well as terrestrial ones. For example, cymbidiums are lithophytic and terrestrial.

Terrestrial

These types of orchids are similar in terms of growing conditions to other traditional flowers. They grow in the ground, the root system is represented by bulbs, cones or roots. In nature, such plants are common in the USA, European countries, in Russia, the height usually does not exceed 40-50 cm. Terrestrial orchids growing in the tropics are distinguished by the larger sizes of both the bush and the flowers.

Phalaenopsis

This genus of orchids is currently considered one of the most common. This is due to the fact that it is these orchids that can most often be seen in specialized stores, as well as the ease of care and unpretentiousness of the plants.

It is a representative of the epiphytic group, has shortened stems and a rosette of leathery leaves. Flowering can last up to 4-5 months. Due to the original shape of the flowers, Phalaenopsis is often called a "butterfly" or a "moth" orchid.

IMPORTANT!

All phalaenopsis are demanding on lighting. If there is not enough light, the orchid will not bloom.

The plant requires a special watering regime (only after the substrate dries out), top dressing, a mandatory image after flowering.

Today, many different types of phalaenopsis have been bred (about 40), differing in flower size, color, shape.

Phalaenopsis Schiller

Plant of epiphytic type, grows in nature in the Philippines. It differs not only in the presence of beautiful flowers, but also in no less luxurious leaves. Peduncles drooping, long (up to 80-100 cm), a large number of flowers are formed on them. They open almost simultaneously, the diameter is from 6 to 9 cm. Shades of the upper petals: light or dark pink; lip shades: purple, red, white-green, purple.

Phalaenopsis Amabilis

This type of phalaenopsis is characterized by the presence of thick leaves (length up to 50 cm), large flowers (each can reach a diameter of 9-10 cm). With the right conditions, the plant can bloom throughout the year, with a peak usually in May. In general, an unpretentious look, but high humidity is required (60-70%).

On average, up to 15-20 flowers are formed on peduncles. They last up to six months, a very pleasant strong aroma is felt. The color of the petals and sepals is milky white with a pink outer side. There are yellow or purple dots on the lip of the flower.

Phalaenopsis Stewart

Orchid from Filipin, it is distinguished by abundant flowering and unpretentious care. It throws out long (up to 80-90 cm) branched peduncles, on which a large number of flowers are formed. The aroma is not harsh, weak, pleasant.

IT IS INTERESTING!

Phalaenopsis Stewart's record is the presence of 100 flowers on one peduncle.

Lateral petals and upper sepals are white, lateral sepals are also white with yellow spots and purple dots. The lip also has a beautiful golden color with numerous purple dots.

This type of orchid can bloom all year round.

Phalaenopsis Ludeman

This type of phalaenopsis requires warmth (up to + 34ºC in the daytime), high humidity. Peduncles are of medium length, flowers are variegated (pink, purple, lilac).

The peculiarity of the species is that the flowers bloom alternately, the diameter of each is up to 5 cm. Moreover, the petals are smaller in size than sepals, which is atypical for phalaenopsis.

The orchid has a pleasant scent. Up to 6-7 flowers are usually formed on each peduncle.

Phalaenopsis pink

This type of phalaenopsis belongs to miniature, but also has a lush flowering. Up to 15 flowers bloom on the peduncles - pink or white, reaching a diameter of 2-3 cm.

The color of the leaves of this species is original: the underside of them is reddish-green. Flowers bloom alternately.

Phalaenopsis Sandera

It belongs to the monopoid species and is a very rare flower. The name was given in honor of the famous botanist and orchid lover Henry Sander. This type of phalaenopsis is distinguished by its exquisite beauty: up to 40-50 flowers bloom on long drooping peduncles. The diameter of the flowers is up to 8 cm. Shades: from milky white to pale pink. The leaves of the plant, which have a variegated color, are also beautiful.

Phalaenopsis Sandera is considered not only rare, but also one of the most expensive among orchids.

Horse phalaenopsis

Beautiful, with purple flowers, Phalaenopsis equine, when created in good conditions, can bloom all year round. The peak of flowering occurs in spring and autumn, it is then that the largest number of magnificent flowers appears on the peduncles of this miniature orchid. Their diameter is up to 3 cm. The petals and sepals are pink, purple, lilac.

Phalaenopsis giant

This orchid blooms with a sweet citrus scent. Phalaenopsis giant got its name from its large leaves, the length of which in adult plants can reach one meter. This is the largest phalaenopsis species.

On long peduncles, up to 30 flowers are formed, the diameter is different - from 3 to 7 cm. Colors: cream, yellow, yellow-green with purple and red spots.

It is considered one of the most spectacular types. It is appreciated by breeders as a basis for crossing with hybrids and other species.At home, it is difficult to grow, special conditions are needed, otherwise flowering will have to wait up to 8-12 years.

Room

With all the variety of species of these wonderful plants, not all of them can be grown indoors. Therefore, having caught fire with the idea of ​​breeding orchids, you need to know about the most suitable species for the home.

Brassia

Orchid "Spider" - this is how that flower is affectionately called among the people. And all because her graceful flowers are very reminiscent of spiders.

This genus includes more than 50 different varieties.

Brassia flowers have thin narrowed sepals, shortened petals. Colors: brown, lemon, white, purple. In almost all types of brassia, specks are scattered on the flowers. Flowering is long, accompanied by a very bright and strong aroma (the smell is similar to that of daffodils).

Cambria

Three types of orchids (Miltonia, Brassia and Oncidium) "participated" in the creation of this magnificent hybrid. Cambria is often called the "star" because its flowers look like miniature purple stars.

The color of the petals and sepals is different: from pink to crimson and purple. The size of the flowers is from 1 to 10 cm. The plant is characterized by narrow leaves, the presence of a large number of pseudobulbs, and long peduncles. Among flower growers, it is considered the most unpretentious type of orchid. The hybrid was bred specifically for those who would like to grow an orchid at home.

Cattleya

This type of orchid is distinguished by its exquisite flowering and delicate aroma. The group includes more than thirty varieties, and a large number of hybrids have also been bred. The plant has long leathery leaves (up to 30 cm), original flowers of various shades: white, greenish, purple, crimson, lilac with various contrasting blotches.

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Long flowering (up to 9 months). The flowers have a very delicate scent similar to lily of the valley.

Dendrobium

An orchid from the epiphytic group, the genus includes a huge number of species. Moreover, they all differ in size, shape and color of petals, as well as growing conditions.

In nature, dendrobium grows on trees, hiding in their dense crown.

Leaves are oval, medium-sized shoots, cylindrical. During the flowering period, this entire cylinder is covered with flowers. Shades: white, dark purple, pink, orange, purple, with spots and dots. The number of flowers depends on the variety, ranging from 30 to 100 pieces per peduncle. Almost all varieties of dendrobiums have a pleasant aromatic aroma.

Lycasta

This genus of orchids is a symbol of the state of Guatemala (Lykasta skinner orchid). The genus includes more than four dozen species of orchids, all of which have a pleasant delicate enchanting aroma.

Licasta is an orchid suitable for indoor cultivation. Peduncles are formed in bulbs, each has one or two large flowers. Petals and sepals can have different colors: yellow (main color), orange, white, pink, greenish yellow, pink. The main color scheme has contrasting spots, dots, blotches.

The lycast orchid is excellent in the cut.

Miltonia

Orchid epiphyte, which is often called "pansies". The genus miltonia includes about twenty different types of orchids. It is appreciated for its unpretentiousness and beautiful flowers.

It has large leaves and large flowers. Shades depend on the species, among the predominant ones: white-yellow, purple, pink, milky white, lilac. Many varieties of miltonia have petals with spots, stripes, dots, a border (on a white background - pink, on a yellow background - brown).

The aroma is pleasant. Miltonia is distinguished by long flowering.

Odontoglossum

This genus of orchids is distinguished by a very abundant flowering. Odontoglossum is a rare indoor plant, on the basis of which breeders have bred numerous hybrids.

It has flat flattened bulbs, thin leathery leaves of a linear shape. On long drooping peduncles, paniculate inflorescences are formed, each can have up to 15 flowers. The diameter of the flowers is up to 5-7 cm. The petals and sepals are narrow, have shades: burgundy, pink, yellow, brown, greenish. There are always spots, stripes (burgundy, brown). The orchid has a pleasant scent.

Oncidium

One of the most common genera of indoor orchids. Unpretentious, with regular flowering (if appropriate conditions are created).

Most of the flowers are yellow in color, although there are varieties with brown-red, pink and white petals (twinkle, tiger oncidium). The complex name translated from Greek means "tongue" and "tooth", which indicates the presence of special processes in this type of flowers.

Cymbidium

One of the most beautiful orchids that are grown in an apartment, as well as in greenhouses. The flowering plant has a very pleasant, delicate scent; it is not for nothing that the Chinese call cymbidium the "queen of aromas."

It has long leaves, drooping peduncles, luxurious large flowers. The color palette is very diverse: yellow, pink, white, purple, brown, green shades.

The largest species of cymbidium are grown in greenhouses for cutting. Picky enough to care for, it requires the creation of certain conditions (temperature regime, watering, illumination).

One of the most luxurious and colorful is the black cymbidium - an orchid with dark purple, almost black flowers.

Blue orchid

One of the rare hybrids obtained as a result of the selection work of scientists in Japan. Not available for sale.

The plant is characterized by small leaves, long peduncles, on which up to 25-30 buds of a pale blue color can bloom.

ON A NOTE!

Do not confuse this hybrid with blue tinted orchids that are, in fact, fakes (for example, blue phalaenopsis). Such plants do not exist in nature.

An exclusive orchid that can only be found in some collections of true orchid lovers.

Wanda

A genus of orchids often found among flower growers, which is valued for its easy care, beautiful flowering. It is believed that this name was given to the flower by the Indians of America.

The plant can reach one meter in height, forms a peduncle with a different number of flowers (from 3 to 15). Plants can produce up to 3-4 peduncles at the same time. Refers to monopodial orchids, does not form a bulb. Colors: lilac, blue, purple, pink white.

With proper care, flowering lasts up to 2-3 months, the plant blooms several times a year. The genus Vanda includes up to 50 species (comb, great, Suarez and others).

Yellow orchid

It is a hybrid species that was bred by breeders specifically for growing indoors.

The orchid is compact, with dark green leaves. On one stem up to 50 cm long, about 10-50 medium-sized flowers are formed. Their color is mainly yellow, although there may be blotches of pink (in the core or on the lip).

The flowers have a pleasant honey scent. With good and proper care, the orchid blooms for up to six months.

Phalaenopsis mini

One of the types of phalaenopsis, which is grown by so many growers. It is appreciated for its compactness, unpretentiousness, high decorative properties.

This species grows well in an apartment, private houses, blooms from spring to December. Usually forms one or two small, strong peduncles with many flowers. Shades: white, purple, lilac, violet.

Often it is this miniature flower that is used as a gift (phalaenopsis in a pot).

Dracula

A beautiful and unusual orchid with an exotic name Dracula leaves no one indifferent.The flower got its name for its resemblance to the mouth of a dragon, it also looks like a funny face of a monkey. It grows naturally in Ecuador, Peru. The genus includes a large number of different species, many of them are not even described by botanists.

Coloring of petals: yellow-white, purple, crimson, violet, purple.

The orchid has a special colorful look, eccentricity and is a real decoration of any collection of home flowers.

Bulbophyllum

A bright and beautiful orchid is one of the favorites of flower growers in many countries. The genus includes a huge number of species, only a small part is grown at home and in greenhouses.

On peduncles, depending on the variety, one or many flowers can form. In general, species of the genus Bulbophyllum

very different, differ in conditions of detention, shape and size, shades of colors, aroma. Colors: purple, orange, violet, brown. Aromas: coffee, bitter almonds, melons, honey, fresh cucumber. There are also types of bulbophyllums that have very unpleasant aromas (boiled cabbage, bleach, rancid meat).

Bulbophyllum is an unpretentious orchid that easily adapts to indoor conditions.

Caring for a home orchid during flowering

The agricultural technology of these wonderful plants has its own characteristics, so many believe that orchids are difficult flowers to grow. In fact, this is not entirely true, the main thing is to know the basics, and also to strictly adhere to the recommendations that are given for a particular species and variety of plants. Moreover, today there are many orchid hybrids that are created specifically for growing indoors.

Lighting

Not every type of orchid requires some kind of special lighting regime, usually the amount of light that passes through the windows of city apartments is enough.

Highlighting may be required in the dark season (especially for the North-West regions), as well as for plants that grow on the northern windowsills of the apartment.

ON A NOTE!

It is convenient to use fluorescent lamps.

Hemaria and phalaenopsis require the least amount of light, but for the cultivation of some species of dendrobiums, vandas that grow in light seasonal forests and on the tops of tropical trees, good illumination is needed.

Temperature regime

An important condition for the successful flowering of all orchid species is the creation of the correct temperature regime.

There are three main groups of orchids:

1. Plants that need to create lower temperatures in winter as well as in summer (at night). So, in the winter season, these orchids require a temperature not higher than + 4… + 7ºC, summer night should not be higher than +12 ºC. If such conditions are not created, do not wait for the flowering of such orchid species as laelia, cymbidium, lycast.
2. Orchids that are successfully grown in normal indoor conditions and for which + 15 ºC is quite enough (it can be slightly higher). Cattleyas, oncidiums - these are the species that are the most undemanding to temperature conditions.
3. Maxillaria, phalaenopsis, and some types of oncidiums need the most heat. The temperature should not be lower than + 16… + 17 ºC, and each type requires certain values. In order for plants to bloom, it is necessary to carefully study the temperature requirements of each species.

Watering

An interesting paradox: orchids are plants that generally consume small amounts of moisture, but at the same time, for flowering, it is necessary to strictly observe the irrigation regime for flowers.

IMPORTANT!

When determining the watering regime for orchids, it is necessary to take into account the type and level of humidity of the substrate in which the flowers grow and the level of humidity in the air.

When the plant is at rest, watering is practically stopped, during the period of intensive growth, it is increased. At the same time, the state of the substrate is monitored so as not to get an excess of moisture in it, stagnant water and, as a result, decay of flowers.

In terms of air humidity: most orchid species require humidity in the range of 60-80-%. It is difficult to create such conditions in apartments, but it is possible. For this, spraying of aerial roots of plants, as well as foliage with a spray bottle, is usually used.

ON A NOTE!

The time for spraying is chosen in such a way that the moisture has time to dry before evening and night. Also, do not spray plants that are in direct sunlight.

Transplant rules

In general, orchids do not need to be repotted frequently. A signal that it is time to "move" to a new pot - the roots become cramped, the soil has become less porous, and a white bloom is observed.

IMPORTANT!

Orchids do not like to be disturbed, so you always need to calculate the volume of dishes and the quality of the substrate when planting.

Before transplanting the plant, it is carefully watered (about a day) so that the roots are more flexible. Old and dead roots are removed, the cuts are sprinkled with crushed charcoal.

If the plant has grown too much, then you can divide it, while for each part a separate container with a substrate must be prepared in advance. A drainage is required, as well as a special wire support for the orchid. The roots should be free, after which they are carefully sprinkled with a substrate. The orchid should be firmly attached.

After transplanting, gentle conditions are created for the plant:

• remove from bright rays;
• provide coolness and the right level of humidity.

Watering in the early days is optional, it is better to spray.

IMPORTANT!

The watering regime must fully meet the requirements of a particular type of orchid.

It is advisable to carry out all work with gloves, while transplanting different types of orchids should be in different gloves (so as not to spread possible diseases).

Reproduction

The most common method used for indoor propagation of orchids is vegetative propagation. This can be done both by dividing the bush, by cuttings, and with the help of stem offspring (for a plant with pseudobulbs).

1. Reproduction by children. Such babies are formed on the adventitious buds, as well as on the peduncles. They are separated as soon as their own roots form on the children. This is how phalaenopsis are most often propagated.
2. Division of the rhizomes of the bush. Usually this option is used when transplanting plants. The root is cut into pieces with a pruner, leaving several pseudobulbs on each division.
3. Division of the plant stem. Used in monopodial orchid species that do not form bulbs. In this case, they carefully divide a part of the plant stem, so that aerial roots are present on each part. Place the divisions in the substrate.

ON A NOTE!

Best of all, such divisions take root in sphagnum or wet sand in a special miniature greenhouse.

Bloom

Orchids usually bloom when they reach 2 years of age, but only if they are provided with the right growing conditions.

IMPORTANT!

When buying a plant in a specialized store, it is imperative to specify the age of the flower.

In order to make an orchid bloom, it is very often required to create a special temperature regime. Its peculiarity: temperature difference between day and night. Usually the difference is up to 8 degrees.

Another trick: reducing watering for two weeks.

As soon as the orchid begins to form buds, watering is increased, and for many species a higher stable temperature is required during this period. For flowering orchids, it is necessary to make supports so that the peduncles do not break.

Usually, most of the orchids pleases with flowering for several months. Flowering can be either continuous or in stages. Everything is conditioned and depends on the type of plant, species, age.

During the flowering period, rearrangement of orchids is not allowed, as this may result in the discharge of buds.It is recommended to maintain a stable irrigation regime, provide optimal lighting and temperature. If done correctly, the orchid will bloom for a long time.

It is also recommended for prolonged flowering to feed the plant about once every 7-10 days. For this, special means are used, in which potassium and phosphorus should prevail. All faded flowers are removed.

After the orchid has faded, the naked peduncle is carefully removed.

ON A NOTE!

After removing the peduncle, a small hole may remain. It is better to cover it with beeswax so that moisture does not get inside the orchid during watering.

Only a dried peduncle is removed, but if it has a green ending and has not wilted, it is not touched. It is likely that in the very near future it will begin to form buds again.

After the end of flowering, the orchid enters a dormant period. At this time, the plant can be transplanted; it is also required to create special conditions for watering, lighting, temperature. The dormant period lasts differently for all orchid species, so it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of each variety.

Reviews

Kira, Lobnya

Before my orchids bloomed (I grow phalaenopsis), I twice threw away purchased specimens, which simply simply died. But then I carefully studied all the information and seriously took up this exciting business. When buying, I recommend that you carefully consider the roots of plants (take only healthy ones), buy orchids in transparent pots, use special feeding. Their flowers are very pleasing, they decorate the house. But I would not call them unpretentious, after all, the orchid requires attention and care.

Lera, Vologda

I have several phalaenopsis growing. One works a real miracle, he bloomed himself, began to bloom again and on the baby he still released not roots, but two peduncles. They are also full of color - lilac, very beautiful. I organized props for them from knitting wooden knitting needles, it looks very beautiful and unusual.

In general, this type of orchid does not require special care, I like its simplicity. But it blooms - just a sight for sore eyes!

Irina, Kaluga

I have been growing orchids for a long time. I don't use lights, pallets, I just grow them in transparent pots. They stand in different rooms, on shelves, on the windowsill. I feed them regularly (once every 3 months) with fertilizers in sticks, water them carefully - I just put them in a tray for a while, and let them drink. I wipe the leaves with a damp cotton pad. Blossom constantly, grow both roots and leaves.