How is oyster mushroom grown at home?

Growing mushrooms at home and in private plots has not yet become common. What for? After all, and so the forests are filled with white mushrooms, mushrooms, chanterelles and boletus mushrooms every autumn. But there are mushrooms that either do not grow in our forests at all, or do it with great reluctance. They can perfectly diversify the menu, and also make good money on them. For example, an oyster mushroom plantation in your own dacha is more than real! It is an ideal mushroom for household cultivation. Delicious, inexpensive (in terms of labor costs and the cost of the technological process). Oyster mushroom can be grown in different ways, but there is an option chosen by the time and experience of many amateur mushroom growers.

Growing oyster mushrooms at home

"Children of the Underground"

For the first phase of growing mushrooms, which is their reproduction with the help of mycelium (mycelium), you can do with any ground room - a shed, for example.

The second, main phase is better for mushrooms to "live" in a cellar or basement, that is, underground in the cool.

Growing oyster mushrooms - photo

Both premises for a mushroom plantation must be carefully prepared and equipped with ventilation, electricity and water supply. From the inventory, you will definitely need thermometers to control the degree of heating and cooling of air in the room. The equipment will need a water heater.

By the way! Temperature regulation in a room with growing oyster mushrooms is best controlled by conventional ventilation. To do this, you will have to provide for the possibility of wide opening of windows or doors.

There are several mandatory procedures that must be performed in a building or underground room where mushrooms will grow.

1. The premises are whitewashed with lime and then dried using active ventilation.

   The walls are whitewashed with lime - photo

2. Then the place of cultivation is sprayed with bleach (4% solution).
3. After processing, the doors / windows are closed and the inside is left to disinfect for two days.
4. Then the object is ventilated for the same amount of time.
5. A similar disinfection treatment for conveyor re-cultivation must be performed every cycle.

What mushrooms grow on

Oyster mushrooms differ from their forest counterparts in that they do not grow in soil.They need a substrate for successful growth. You can make a suitable mixture from many components:

• dried straw of field cereals;
• the shell of sunflower seeds is suitable;
• it is very good to use sawdust of trees, but not conifers, but deciduous ones;
• corn stalks, reeds are suitable.

Substrate preparation

All this will become an ideal "soil" for oyster mushroom plantations. The components can be used separately, and it is acceptable to mix them in arbitrary combinations and proportions. The ingredients must be dry. Before use, they need to be crushed (the optimal size of fractions is in the range of 0.5-3 cm). The resulting mixture should have a pleasant smell, not contain any traces of mold, fungal debris and foreign objects.

Prepare the substrate on the surface of the earth; this is not necessary in the cellar. For proper preparation and compliance with all regulations, certain procedures must be followed.

1. The crushed mass is poured with boiling water until it is completely covered, to destroy all kinds of competing organisms in the form of other varieties or harmful microflora.

   Moistening and stirring the substrate

2. The substrate thus poured, steamed to the state of "porridge", is tamped into large barrels or other containers suitable for the capacity and left to swell up to half a day.
3. Then the mass is taken out of the barrel and laid out for complete cooling and evaporation of some of the moisture on a wide film with a thin layer.

Stage one: mycelium - building up mass

Oyster mushroom mycelium

The preparation is over. Mycelium purchased. You can proceed to the first stage, the task of which is to build up its mass.

Advice! How to check the quality of the mycelium of the oyster mushroom progenitor? He must have some characteristics. Snow-white color, with a small proportion of substrate blotches with a darkish tint. The second parameter is smell. Despite the fact that this mushroom does not grow in the forest, the mycelium should smell like forest mushrooms.

1. In a dense transparent polyethylene bag, with a volume of 20 to 60 liters, a layer of wet cold substrate is laid. Layer height - 8 cm. Carefully leveled by hands.

   Laying the substrate

2. Lay on top, ramming tightly, mycelium, in a three-centimeter layer (you can simply break it into small pieces to tamp without voids).
3. Then the substrate is laid and compacted, but already with a layer of 15 cm.
4. Again a three-centimeter layer of mycelium.

   Mushroom substrate bags

5. The procedure should be repeated until all the acquired mycelium ends. In this case, there should be a substrate layer of 8 cm on top.
6. The resulting "puff cake" is compacted, the bag is tied tightly with twine and set in a vertical position.
7. The entire surface of the bag is pierced with a long disinfected (can be ignited on fire) nail, 120-150 mm in size. Not every 25 cm² has one hole.

   How to make a perforation of a mushroom block

Advice! There should be more holes at the bottom: this is necessary to drain the liquid constantly forming in the package.

Immediately after the procedure, a clear separation of the layers into dark and light (substrate and mycelium) will be visible through the film of the bag.

The temperature required to increase the mycelium mass should be kept at + 18 ... 26 ° С. Germination of mycelium spores will begin in three days, and ten days later you can observe a miracle. The whole mass will turn into mycelium and become completely white. After that, the bag is untied and multiplication is continued to the required amount.

Hanging substrate bags and growing oyster mushrooms

One full standard bag gives life to 8-10 other bags with interlayer (substrate + mycelium). When, finally, the required amount of mycelium for your purposes is formed, then 2 bags from every ten are left for the subsequent increase in mass, and 8 are transferred to obtain the long-awaited harvest of oyster mushrooms.

Fruiting process

Growing oyster mushrooms

The whitened substrate must be kept in the "native" bag for another 5-6 days after ripening, if this bag is sent for fruiting. During this period, it will finally mature, become "monolithic", will be as dense as possible.

To activate the beginning of the crop formation, bags with mycelium completely processed by the substrate are kept at + 3 ... 5 ° С for another three days. To enable the mushroom fruiting body to grow, it will need room to grow. To create it, holes 3-5 cm in diameter are cut out in polyethylene (one per square meter). The packages are moved to an underground room in temperature conditions of + 10 ... 16 ° С. Here they are installed at a distance of at least 30-40 cm from each other, always vertically. To make it more convenient to water the mushroom "plantation", the bags are placed with ribbons in three rows with a 70 cm gap between them.

Advice! If you are the happy owner of a high basement, then you can also place bags with future mushrooms on additional shelves located along the walls. Such placement will increase the used area, and hence the mushroom yield.

Care for future mushrooms

Once a day, the bags should be slightly moistened, and the room itself should be thoroughly ventilated, since a large amount of carbon dioxide is formed during the fruiting process of oyster mushrooms. As for the lighting in the dungeon, during the first week it will not be needed at all, and then it would be nice to illuminate the room. Mushrooms will grow in any case - with or without light - but backlighting can significantly increase the yield.

Watering oyster mushrooms

If all conditions are met, the first fruiting will begin in 10 days. When the mushroom heads begin to lighten (after the whitish, dark and greyish brown stages), you can harvest. After some time (about three weeks), the second fruiting will begin with a much lower productivity. Two series of fruiting, taking into account a well-chosen base and high-quality mycelium, yield up to 45 kg of oyster mushrooms from 100 kg of the substrate used. When the harvesting of mushrooms of the second second wave is completed, the packages are taken out of the basement, and, after sanitizing the underground room, a new batch is placed in it. This conveyor method makes it possible to carry out 6 double fruiting cycles per year.

Basic rules for growing oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms grow in a bag of hay

Table. Growing conditions for cycles

1	Germination of mycelium bodies into the substrate	10-14	20-24	90	not required
2	Ripening and fruiting	4-5	22-28	95	not required
3	Growth of the fruiting body (1 wave)	7-10	15-19	85	100
4	Growth of the fruiting body (2nd wave)	7-10	13-17	85	100
5	Harvesting, unloading the substrate, disinfection of the chamber	2	irrelevant	irrelevant	not required

Value and use

Fresh Oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushroom is highly valued for its beneficial nutritional properties. In taste, it is not inferior to the rest of the cultivated mushrooms and even surpasses them, and in terms of the value of the composition, it has no competitors at all. Not hard, but dense texture, light bread flavor and subtle aniseed notes on the palate. For cooking - a godsend, since oyster mushroom is a versatile mushroom. It can be boiled, fried, canned (pickled and salted), stewed, dried. The only product that the popular mushroom doesn't go well with is fish. Otherwise, in salad, hot, soups, as a stand-alone culinary masterpiece - oyster mushrooms are wonderful.

Fresh oyster mushroom - photo

Important! A prerequisite for the preparation of any mushroom dishes is its heat treatment. In its raw form, it contains chitin, which is not absorbed and rejected by the human body.

Growing a mushroom, if you have a suitable room and some free time, can become not only a useful and nutritious hobby, but also a way to make good money by supplying healthy and tasty oyster mushrooms to the retail network.

Video - Room for forcing mushrooms Oyster mushroom

Video - Harvesting Oyster mushrooms

Growing mushrooms at home allows you to pamper yourself with this tasty and healthy product all year round, and can also become an excellent source of additional income. Oyster mushrooms are one of the simplest types of mushrooms of their kind. Anyone who has decided to try their hand at mushroom growing can feel like a master growing oyster mushrooms. This variety is very unpretentious and does not require special care. Where is the best place to grow oyster mushrooms at home and what is needed for this? Let's try to figure it out!

Features of growing oyster mushrooms: necessary conditions and premises

Oyster mushrooms or oyster mushrooms are a unique species that can sprout on any soil, be it dry grass, thyrsa, coffee grounds or even cotton fabric. This stunted plant is able to extract nutrients from everything in its environment. Another advantage of the species is its fast growth rate. Already two weeks after sowing, the first crop can be harvested.

Growing oyster mushrooms does not require any special knowledge and skills. The best place for growing oyster mushrooms will be the basement or cellar of a private house. Oyster mushrooms are not thermophilic and do not need a lot of light. If you do not have a basement, they can be grown in a greenhouse in a country house or shed. Despite the simplicity and the absence of excessive maintenance of mushrooms, the growing room must be properly prepared.

The following equipment should be installed in the room and special conditions for growing oyster mushrooms should be created:

1. Growing equipment (bags). The choice of equipment depends on the method of growing oyster mushrooms. The most convenient and economical option is bag cultivation. To do this, you need special supports with hangers, on which the bags with the substrate are suspended. It is best to use plastic equipment, it does not corrode and is much cheaper. By the way, oyster mushrooms can also be grown on stumps.
2. Room temperature. This mushroom does not need high temperatures, so there is no need to create a greenhouse. It will be enough to insulate the room and carry out thermal insulation to retain moisture. Naturally, elementary heating devices must be present so that the temperature does not fall below 13 ° C. An elevated temperature is necessary only at the initial stage after planting the mycelium (22 ° C - 25 ° C). Infrared lamps can be used for additional heating.
3. Humidity. Oyster mushrooms are very fond of moisture, so the air in the growing room must be constantly humidified. It is very easy to do this using nebulizers or special electronic humidifiers. The humidity level should be around 70-90%.
   
4. Ventilation and lighting. All mushrooms grow in the fresh air and oyster mushrooms are no exception. The room must be systematically ventilated. This can be done manually, or you can install special hoods that will deliver fresh air. Again, purchasing such equipment is expensive, so unless you plan to grow large quantities of oyster mushrooms for sale, it won't be cost effective. When it comes to lighting, you need to install daylight garden lamps. You won't need a lot of them, since this type of mushroom does not require a lot of light.
5. Cleanliness and pest free. To grow a large, and most importantly, a healthy crop, the premises must be clean. If the basement is heated by groundwater, and there is fungus or bloom on the walls, this can seriously affect the yield. The mushrooms will hurt, light spots will appear on them, the mushrooms will lose their density, become soft. To protect future plantings, it is necessary to disinfect the premises. First, they thoroughly clean the walls, ceiling and floor, remove all dirt and mold.Then, all surfaces are sprayed with a solution of sulfate, and the walls and ceiling are covered with a solution of lime and copper sulfate.

Video: a room for growing oyster mushrooms in the basement

Note! If there is a fungus in the room, it is better not to use it as a greenhouse. The high humidity, which is necessary for growing mushrooms, will only aggravate the situation, the disease will affect crops, they will become inedible and poisonous.

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home: growing technology

Having decided on the location of the mushroom greenhouse, after thoroughly disinfecting the premises and installing the necessary equipment, you can proceed to the very process of growing mushrooms. The technology of growing oyster mushrooms involves several stages.

Video: step-by-step instructions for breeding oyster mushrooms at home

Substrate preparation

The key to a rich harvest is a high-quality substrate. Although it is generally believed that oyster mushrooms are indiscriminate in this regard, the soil should still be fertile.

The best substrates for breeding oyster mushrooms are:

• dry straw of wheat, barley and buckwheat;
• hardwood sawdust;
• sunflower seed husks;
• dried stalks and cobs of corn.

Choose the amount of substrate according to the amount of mushrooms you want to grow. So, one bag for growing oyster mushrooms is designed for 5 kg of substrate. All components of the substrate must be clean and dry, they must not have mold or rot, and they must not be rotten. It is best to disinfect the selected substrate by heat treatment. Next, you need to grind these components to a fraction of 4-5 cm and mix. Repeated heat treatment for two hours and squeeze out.

Actually, the substrate for growing oyster mushrooms is ready.

Selection and purchase of mycelium

For growing oyster mushrooms at home, it is best to use grain mycelium. It is very convenient to sow and does not require additional processing.

When buying mycelium, pay attention to its appearance. The grains should be yellow with a slight orange tint. It is strictly forbidden to buy mycelium on which dark spots are visible - this is the first indication of the presence of mold. You can also determine the quality of the planting material by smell, it must be fresh and smell like mushrooms. If you smell a slight ammonia smell, it means that the mycelium was stored incorrectly and has deteriorated.

Be sure to pay attention to the manufacturer's company, it is better if it is a well-known and large manufacturer in the seed market, read gardeners' reviews on the Internet. Do not buy large quantities of mycelium at once, take a trial batch. If the mycelium germinates without problems, forms good and healthy mycelium, you can purchase a large batch.

If you want to make your own oyster mushroom mycelium, then read this article.

Landing

Before proceeding with planting, the mycelium must be placed in a room where oyster mushrooms will grow for a day. This is done in order to equalize the temperature and the mycelium does not die from shock.

To grow oyster mushrooms in bags, it is imperative that it first be disinfected or thermally treated. An effective way of processing is washing with a solution of bleach.

The optimal volume of the bag should be at least 5 kg.

Further, the planting of oyster mushroom mycelium or the formation of mushroom blocks is as follows:

1. There is a layer-by-layer filling of the bag with a substrate and mycelium. For every 5 centimeters of the substrate, there should be about 0.5 cm of mycelium. The top and bottom layers in the bag should be substrate.
2. At the end of the filling of the mushroom block, the bag is tightly tied at the neck.
3. Then small holes are cut at a distance of 10 cm from each other, with a diameter of no more than 2 cm. The cuts are best done in a checkerboard pattern.

Attention! The planting of mycelium and the cultivation of oyster mushrooms are carried out in separate rooms, since there is a high risk of infection of myceliums.

Video: how to make a perforation of a mushroom block

Further care

In the period from planting to the formation of myceliums, temperature room air should be 18 ° C - 20 ° C. As soon as they are visible first fungi formations, the temperature is lowered to 13 ° C - 15 ° C. This is the optimum temperature for growing all types of oyster mushrooms.

It is very important to maintain humidity air. Watering the substrate is strictly prohibited, since in wet soil the mycelium begins to rot. Even if the myceliums survive, all the mushrooms will hurt, rot and dark spots will begin to appear on them. To achieve optimal humidity in the room, you can hang wet sheets or any other wet cloth. Open containers with water are left near the heaters, in this way the moisture evaporates faster and saturates the air.

Harvesting

The fruiting period for oyster mushrooms is only 30 - 35 days, which is a very short period. The thing is that these mushrooms have a very high frequency of fruiting: every 7 to 9 days. That is, already 9 days after planting the mycelium, you can harvest the first full harvest.

It is customary to cut the mushrooms with a knife carefully so as not to damage the main root attached to the mycelium. When collecting mushrooms, absolutely all fruits cannot be cut from one mycelium. It is necessary to leave 2 - 3 of the smallest mushrooms on the stem, otherwise the mycelium may dry out and stop bearing fruit.

Video: how to properly harvest oyster mushrooms

Important! After the last harvest of mushrooms has been harvested, the substrate and bags must be disposed of. They are not recyclable. The room is well cleaned, ventilated and disinfected. It will be possible to re-breed mushrooms only 2 weeks after all harvesting work.

Video: technology for growing oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushroom diseases and pests: control measures and precautions

It happens that during the fruiting period, the mushrooms begin to hurt. A variety of factors can be the cause of such diseases. If all disinfection work has been carried out in the room, diseases should not disturb the crop.

The main number of fungal diseases lies in the substrate... As a rule, bacteria enter along with wet and rotten straw.

Important! If you are not sure about the quality of the substrate, it heat treatedbefore planting the mycelium. It is placed in a large container and poured with boiling water, after which it is boiled for 2 hours, then squeezed and dried.

In a damp substrate, the mushrooms begin to rot, the legs darken and become soft. This disease is called dark rot. If, nevertheless, she overtook the plantings, it is necessary to remove all diseased plants along with the substrate.

Very often oyster mushrooms are attacked mushroom flies, a little less often - ticks. These parasites are also born in the mycelium when the air is too humid and the room is not ventilated. Light pits appear on the mushrooms, like small bites. Naturally, such mushrooms must be removed immediately, and the room must be disinfected. Do this with smoke bomb, which is left for a day in a hermetically sealed room, and then thoroughly ventilate it.

It is necessary to carefully monitor the state of the mushrooms from the formation of the mycelium to the last fruiting. If one of the myceliums is infected, the entire bag will have to be thrown away, and this will significantly reduce the yield increase.

Summarize. Based on all of the above, it can be understood that growing oyster mushrooms at home is a very simple but time-consuming process. To do this, you will need to purchase special equipment, prepare the premises and fertile soil, and purchase high-quality mycelium. Further, it all depends on your patience and hard work.With proper care, up to 9 kg of mushrooms can be harvested from one bag. Growing oyster mushrooms is a great option for getting your first experience in mushroom growing.

Video: how to grow oyster mushrooms at home

Mushrooms are a popular and healthy product that our housewives know well. Growing oyster mushrooms at home will not only allow you to cook delicious meals for the whole family, but also get a stable source of income. This type of business is highly profitable.

Technologies for growing oyster mushrooms at home

Growing mushrooms is a rewarding hobby and a profitable business

Oyster mushrooms give a high yield. With 1 kg of these mushrooms, you can get 3 kg of mycelium in a short time. They are unpretentious to the place of growth and feel good in a small area. Such conditions will not affect the amount of the crop.

Growing oyster mushrooms can be a profitable business. To engage in this type of business, it is enough to have a garage or basement at your disposal. You can also grow mushrooms for your own consumption. An ordinary window sill is suitable for this purpose.

There are two growing technologies:

• intense;
• extensive.

The first option involves the growth of mushrooms in artificial conditions. Intensive technology allows you to get an equal amount of crops throughout the year. But in this case, you will need to purchase special equipment to maintain the microclimate necessary for the growth of the mycelium. This will entail financial costs.

The extensive method consists in growing mycelium in natural conditions. This technology does not require significant investment. But the yield depends on the season and climatic conditions.

How to grow mushrooms in an intensive way

Site preparation

Oyster mushrooms are always grown in a sterile room. For this, pre-treatment is carried out with 1% chlorine solution or lime. The temperature must be kept at +18 ° C .. + 26 ° C. If there are ventilation systems in the room, they should be turned off during the laying period. Doors must be tightly closed.

Selection and processing of the substrate

Any dry organic matter is suitable as a substrate for growing oyster mushrooms.

For oyster mushrooms, you can use various plant residues. It can be:

• stalks and stalks of corn;
• sawdust of non-coniferous wood;
• vine;
• reed;
• sunflower husk;
• wheat and rye straw.

Any material available will do. If straw is used as a substrate, it must be chopped up. This can be done with an ax or knife. Crushed straw to 5-10 cm. This procedure will help to avoid the formation of voids, the presence of which negatively affects the harvest.

Important! You can only use fresh straw that does not have a moldy smell.

The next stage of preparation is heat treatment. Under natural conditions, oyster mushrooms do not grow on the substrate, since their development is hindered by various microorganisms, including mold. Heat treatment eliminates these competing mycelium. This can be done in two ways:

• using pasteurization;
• by sterilization method.

When grown at home, the first method is used. The substrate is placed in a metal container, poured with boiling water, tightly closed with a lid and left for 2-4 hours. Note that it needs to be chilled before being placed in the bags.

Sterilization involves the use of autoclaves and is applied in a production environment.

Video: practical tips for processing the substrate

Formation and installation of blocks with mycelium

Mycelium blocks for oyster mushrooms are formed from bags or boxes

1. For growing oyster mushrooms, you can use plastic bags or boxes. It is necessary to pay special attention to the size of the container so that the substrate does not dry out and does not overheat.The size of the bags should correspond to the indicators of 50x100 cm, boxes - 20x40x60 cm.
2. For planting, a substrate is used, the temperature of which is +20 ° C ... + 30 ° C. Mycelium should not be added to a hotter mass, this can lead to the death of the mycelium.
3. If the oyster mushrooms were in the refrigerator, they must be kept for 24 hours at room temperature before planting.
4. Then they are placed in a container and crushed by hand until the grains are separated.
5. Observe the sterility of the planting material. Work with rubber gloves disinfected with 1% sodium hydrochloride.

There are two ways to add mycelium:

1. In accordance with the first method, the mass is formed in several layers, alternating the substrate with the planting material.
2. The second method involves uniform mixing of the components:

• when using bags, shake them after filling;
• then the top is wrapped around the neck to achieve a snug fit of the substrate to the surface;
• 12 holes must be made on both sides, each with a diameter of 10 mm. Cover the neck with tape;
• the amount of mycelium should be 3-5% of the weight of the substrate. An increase in the mass of oyster mushrooms up to 7% is allowed;
• after packaging, the containers are placed in a place for germination.

Important! The number of fungi relative to the substrate must be at least 3%, otherwise there is a possibility of mold.

Video: Forming Mushroom Blocks

Mycelium care

To ensure a good harvest, it is necessary to observe temperature conditions, as well as maintain the required level of humidity.

Oyster mushroom growth is carried out in two stages:

• incubation;
• fruiting.

The first one lasts 14-18 days. During this time, the room must be kept at a temperature of + 24 ° C, humidity - 75–90%. There is no need for lighting and ventilation. After a few days, a white bloom can be seen on the surface of the substrate mass.

Important! Avoid overheating as this can cause mycelial scabs to develop. The presence of such a formation will lead to a decrease in yield. A crust can also appear due to planting an excessive amount of oyster mushrooms.

If an unpleasant odor emanates from the substrate mass with mycelium, moisture is released and the appearance of black, orange or green spots, then this indicates an infection with mold or bacteria. Such bags or boxes must be removed from the premises immediately.

The second stage of cultivation is fruiting. During this time, the temperature regime in the room is changed, ventilation and lighting are provided to the mushrooms. There are two strains of oyster mushrooms:

• shockless;
• shock.

For mushrooms of the first category, a temperature level of +20 ° C must be ensured. After 5 days, the indicator begins to decrease to + 15 ° C. This process is carried out gradually and lasts 5-6 days. Oyster mushrooms with a shock strain need a more significant decrease in temperature. During the first 2-3 days of fruiting, they should be within 4-5 ° C. Then the temperature is raised to + 12 ° C .. + 16 ° C and maintained at this level throughout the entire period.

At this time, the mushrooms need ventilation. They give off carbon dioxide, which must be removed. As a result of oxygen deficiency, the bodies of the fruits are deformed and lose their presentation. But excessive ventilation should also be avoided, dry air is especially harmful to fungi. Under its influence, small fruits dry out, caps of large oyster mushrooms are deformed.

When creating lighting, you need to focus on the size of the room. A 100 W light bulb is used in an area of ​​15–20 square meters. Lack of light leads to intensive development of the stem, while the fruiting body does not grow to the required size.

The humidity level should not fall below 70%. When growing a small amount of oyster mushrooms, they can be sprayed with a spray bottle.Direct moisture to fruiting bodies.

Extensive breeding of oyster mushrooms

Preparing stumps or logs

Stumps for growing oyster mushrooms

To implement the extensive method, wood species are used on which oyster mushrooms grow in nature: poplar, birch, aspen, beech, oak, hornbeam. The length of the logs should be 25-30 cm.

Important! Do not use wood with a diameter of less than 15 cm. This will negatively affect the yield.

The logs are placed in water, where they are soaked for a week. The wood should have a moisture content of 80–90%. Freshly cut logs do not need to be subjected to this procedure.

Sowing mycelium

Sowing is started at the end of winter or with the onset of spring. The logs are used to form vertical columns up to two meters high. A layer of grain mycelium 1–2 cm thick is applied to the upper end of each wood segment. The next log is placed on it, which is subjected to a similar treatment. One piece of wood will require 70-100 g of mycelium.

Video: instructions for sowing mycelium

Planting hemp in the ground

Planting an oyster mushroom stump in the ground

1. In May, logs that have already been overgrown with mushrooms are placed in the soil. To do this, choose shaded places near the trees. If there is no suitable site, it can be created using awnings.
2. Each log is buried 10-15 cm.
3. The segments are arranged in rows. You need to keep a space of 50 cm between them.

Mushroom colony care

During the incubation period, the columns are covered with burlap or straw to maintain the required moisture level. For this purpose, it is not recommended to use a film material - it prevents the penetration of air, which is necessary for the development of fungi.

The wood will be overgrown with mushrooms within two months. In the room where the oyster mushroom logs are installed, the temperature should be at +10 ° C .. + 15 ° C. The air should be humidified, but water should be avoided on the wood. During fruiting, care involves moderate watering of the soil in dry weather.

Video: practical recommendations for caring for oyster mushrooms

Harvesting and storage

When using stumps, the yield is less abundant than when planting in bags

Oyster mushrooms bear fruit several times. With intensive cultivation, the first harvest is obtained in 10-14 days, it is 70% of the total amount. During the second fruiting, 20-25% are harvested, during the third - 5-10%. Oyster mushrooms can continue to yield crops, but their amount will be insignificant.

Important! In economic terms, it is advisable to collect mushrooms only during the first two fruiting.

Extensively grown mushrooms begin to harvest in August or early September. In the first year, approximately 600 g of oyster mushrooms are obtained from one log. Cuts of wood for the winter period are left in the same place. After a year, the number of mushrooms increases. One log gives 2–2.5 kg of oyster mushrooms. The most abundant harvest is obtained during the second and third years of cultivation.

Oyster mushrooms bear fruit in clusters. In the process of collecting, you need to cut them off completely, without leaving even small mushrooms. If the splice is damaged, they will not develop. For storage, use boxes, boxes or baskets.

Important! It is not recommended to repeatedly transfer mushrooms from one container to another, this will ruin their appearance.

Video: harvesting from tree stumps

The storage time depends on the temperature. At +2 ° C .. + 4 ° C oyster mushrooms will not lose their appearance and taste for two months. In a room where the temperature reaches +7 ° C, this period is reduced to 1 week. And at room temperature, mushrooms are stored for no more than a day.

If you decide to grow oyster mushrooms not only for your own consumption, but also for organizing a business, you need to think about ways of implementation. You can sell products in several directions:

1. One possible option is vegetable markets.Use a display stand to grab the attention of potential buyers.
2. Another area of ​​sale is catering establishments. Offer free product samples first. If the quality of the mushrooms meets the required level, you will not have to look for other marketing options.
3. You can also sell oyster mushrooms to supermarkets and grocery stores. But be prepared to face significant competition here. You may have to lower prices for the product. But if the volume of sales is large, it will increase the profitability of the business, as well as justify the discounts.

Breeding oyster mushrooms does not require significant material costs and great efforts. Anyone can organize home production, even without experience in this area and special knowledge. By following the step-by-step instructions, you will get a high-quality harvest, which will allow you to organize a profitable business.

The technology of growing and breeding oyster mushrooms at home with your own hands is quite simple, even an amateur can handle it. However, before you get down to business and grow mushrooms, you should familiarize yourself with the existing methods and requirements for the environment in which mushrooms will develop normally. Where to start and how to make the process from scratch, we will tell you step by step, and even a beginner will find it easy to breed and plant mushrooms.

Conditions for growing oyster mushrooms at home

You can organize a place for the cultivation of mushrooms in basements, cellars or specially designed rooms at a summer cottage. For the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, you need to create the following conditions:

• the ability to set and maintain a temperature regime within 10-20 degrees;
• equip the room ventilation system for the removal of carbon dioxide and lamps with fluorescent lamps;
• set humidity mode 70-90%.

Due to their properties, mushrooms absorb elements of the environment, including toxins. Therefore, it is important that all surfaces in the basement are disinfected. free from mold and pests... It is necessary to maintain cleanliness until the very end of the harvest.

When growing oyster mushrooms, it is important to maintain cleanliness until harvest.

The temperature regime in which oyster mushroom grows well is limited to marks from 20 to 28 degrees.

How to grow mushrooms at home

There are several ways to grow oyster mushrooms at home. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, so it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with all the intricacies of technologyto choose the one that suits you best.

How to dissolve in bags with your own hands

The substrate can be purchased ready-made or prepared with your own hands. The best raw material for oyster mushrooms is barley or wheat straw... Also suitable:

• hardwood shavings;
• buckwheat husk;
• sunflower husk;
• corn cobs and stalks.

The components used must grind to 5-10 cm.

Ready substrate for growing oyster mushrooms

Those who are just starting to master the technology of growing mushrooms at home are advised to refrain from using sawdust. This method is complex and requires special requirements.

Before using the substrate, it is necessary to carry out disinfection material. For this, it is subjected to heat treatment.

Step-by-step procedure for disinfection of the substrate:

• the selected crushed raw material is poured into a metal tank or a spacious pan;
• fill the container with water (proportions 1: 2);
• bring the contents of the pan to a boil and cook for about 2-2.5 hours.

The finished base should be wet and soft, but do not overdo it with water. The correct composition releases the minimum amount of moisture during spinning.

In addition to the substrate, the seed (mycelium) is placed in the bag. It is not worth buying a lot at once, it quickly deteriorates. With proper care, from 1 kg of raw materials you can get up to 3 kg of oyster mushrooms.

The base is laid in the bags in layers, alternating the ball of the substrate with the seed. The bags are filled tightly without tamping. After tightly tying the edges of the container, cross-shaped holes are cut with a blade on the surface of the polyethylene. They need to be arranged at intervals of 10 cm in a checkerboard pattern.

Oyster mushroom mycelium in packing

For 2 weeks, the bag is lowered into the basement for an incubation period at a temperature 19-23 degrees... Lighting is not required at this stage.

The main advantage of the method is the simplicity of the technology. However, there is often poor or no fruiting. In such cases, you need to sort out the substrate and check for mold.

Mushroom picking begins 1.5 months after planting. Two crops are taken from one bag.

Step-by-step technology for breeding on stumps

There are two main ways of growing oyster mushrooms: intensive and extensive. In the first case, special premises with favorable conditions. The second method is the technology of mushroom cultivation open air... The timing of the harvest depends entirely on weather conditions.

If there is neither a felling nor a cellar at the dacha, you should not be upset. You can grow oyster mushrooms directly on stumps or scraps of hardwood (chestnut, ash, poplar, beech, etc.).

Sowing dates begin in the spring in establishing positive temperatures. The cuttings are soaked for 1-2 days before use. This procedure is not performed with a fresh tree.

In the country, you can use stumps to grow oyster mushrooms.

On the stumps, holes are pre-made with a diameter 10 mm with deepening on 5-6 cm... The seed is placed in the holes and covered with moss or adhesive tape. A stick-shaped mycelium is enough to insert into the hole and close it with plasticine.

The place for growing mushrooms is selected in the shadow under the dense crowns of trees. This is necessary to prevent the oyster mushrooms from drying out during the warm season.

When using logs, digging holes and laying wet sawdust on the bottom are provided. Further, soaked wood scraps are inserted into the prepared recesses and buried with soil for a third of the length (at least 15 cm). The interval between stumps should be 35-50 cm.

Further care for the mushroom beds is to water the soil around the blanks. The collection time for oyster mushrooms more often falls on Aug. Sept... Such a plantation will yield good growth up to 5 years with the most generous fruiting 2-3 years after planting.

On substrate briquettes

Substrate briquettes are polyethylene sleevestuffed tightly with filler. Pre-applied on the surface of the film perforation round or other shape. The holes can be evenly spaced throughout the block, or span only two sides.

In the first case, when fixing the briquettes, their contact must not be allowed, in contrast to double-sided perforation, where the junction has no holes.

The most popular are the capacities of the following parameters:

• weight - 15 kg;
• length - 70 cm;
• diameter - 25 cm.

The density of the substrate in the sleeve, the level of humidity and the environment depends on the raw materials used and the method of its heat treatment.

There are many options for placing substrate briquettes. They can be suspended 2-3 pieces per rope or hang each one individually on the fittings. The weight of the bags is quite heavy, which provides stability when stacking blocks Each other... The result is a solid wall.

Substrate briquettes

The arrangement of briquettes on the shelves is also allowed. in vertical or horizontal position. A rope stretched from the back of the shelves acts as a safety net against falling or falling of the substrate. When growing mushrooms at home, the decision on the placement of bags is made based on the characteristics of the room.

The advantages of the method:

• convenient application;
• easy care;
• getting a quick harvest (after 1.5-2 months).

The disadvantage is the additional costs for the purchase of substrate briquettes.

On racks

Briquettes or bags with substrate and seed in the basement or cellar can be placed on shelves if space permits. The shelves themselves must be made of wood or rolled steel. Blocks are placed vertically or horizontally.

Shelves are manufactured in various designs. Craftsmen independently develop drawings, providing for safety elements that prevent the bags from falling. One of the options is equipped with special pins on the shelves, on top of which blocks are placed. Due to this, their stability is increased.

It is permissible to install mushroom sleeves in several tiers, but no more than three... In this case, the distance between the shelves should be 70 cm, and between mushroom bags - 15-40 cm.

Racks for growing oyster mushrooms

When installing mushroom containers in 2 or 3 tiers, it is necessary to leave a free space under the lower blocks of at least 30 cm to ensure normal air circulation.

This method of growing oyster mushrooms is characterized by convenient maintenance and harvesting. However, not all summer cottages and cellars have a sufficient amount of space for installing shelving.

How to make mycelium for oyster mushrooms

It is not difficult to buy ready-made mycelium, but you can only evaluate the quality of your purchase after a few weeks. If a low-quality product is identified, it will no longer be possible to compensate for the costs of raw materials and energy resources, so many mushroom growers master the technology of mycelium production on their own.

The mycelium is planting material, which is introduced into the substrate to obtain a harvest of mushrooms.

At home, mycelium is grown mainly on wood or grain... The method with wood is appropriate to use with the subsequent replanting of mycelium on hemp. This seed has a long shelf life and disease resistance. The cereal appearance is obtained by applying the mother culture to a substrate of cereal grains.

A high quality mushroom is obtained in laboratory conditions... At home, this process can be repeated by preparing special equipment in advance:

• agar;
• thermometer;
• tweezers;
• test tubes;
• pipettes.

Also, work will require water, electricity, gas.

The fixtures and the surface on which the work is planned must be pre-treated with an alcohol solution for disinfection.

Stages of growing mycelium

1. To obtain uterine mycelium, you need pinch off oyster mushrooms (from the area closer to the cap) a few small pieces. To cleanse the separated fragments from bacteria and parasites, it is recommended to dip them in hydrogen peroxide and dip the processed pieces into test tubes with crushed grains. Carrot, oatmeal, or potato agar can be used in place of the grain medium.

   The tubes are tightly closed and stored in a room with an average humidity level and a temperature of about 20 degrees... After 2 weeks, a white edge will appear in properly prepared tubes. This is the uterine mycelium.

2. To obtain an intermediate mycelium, you should boil cereal grains for 15 minutes. After cooling and drying, they are mixed with chalk and gypsum (for 1-1.5 kg of grains, take 30 grams of gypsum and 10 grams of chalk). The resulting mixture is poured into jars, filling it by 2/3. Then, uterine mycelium from a test tube is added to the container. The neck of the jar is closed with foil, which is fixed with tape. The workpiece is stored in the same conditions as the test tubes for 2-3 weeks... The result is a jar filled with grains and a fringe - an intermediate mycelium.
3. The inoculum is obtained in a similar way, by replacing the intermediate mycelium in clean containers with a substrate.After the growth of the mycelium, it is transferred into bags or briquettes with a substrate in which the mushrooms will be grown.

Growing mycelium in a jar

Care of mushrooms during growth

After replanting the mycelium in the holes of the polyethylene, the bags are sent to incubationwhich takes up to 3 weeks. The temperature regime should not reach 30 degrees, otherwise the planting material will undergo a heat shock.

At this stage no ventilation... The accumulation of carbon dioxide creates favorable conditions for the development of mycelium. All that is required is daily cleaning of surfaces using chlorine-containing products. This will help prevent mold growth.

Next, the bags are placed in a specially equipped room with a temperature 10-20 degrees... The cooler the air, the less saturated the color will be. Lighting should be 12 o'clock with an intensity of 5 kW per 1 m2. Every day 1-2 times, the mushrooms are watered with a special sprinkler.

In the room where mushrooms are cultivated, there is a high level of spores in the air, so work should be done with a mask and glasses. This will help prevent an allergy attack.

The profitability of growing at home

You can grow mushrooms in several briquettes, satisfying the needs of your family. But this type of activity, with a reasonable approach, sometimes becomes a means of additional income. Moreover, caring for mushroom beds is not considered difficult.

About 350 kg of oyster mushrooms are obtained from 100 bags

If you create optimal conditions for keeping mushroom briquettes (bags) and adhere to the established temperature regime, then 3-3.5 kg of mushrooms can actually be removed from one block. Respectively from 100 bags get 350 kg of oyster mushrooms.

Taking into account the market value (approximately 130 rubles per kg), the income will be 45,500 rubles. About half of the funds are spent on related costs associated with creating conditions for the cultivation of mushrooms. The net profit will amount to 20,485 rubles. The profitability in this case is 75%, payback - 5.2 cycles, which translated into months means 13-15 months.

If the dimensions of the premises allow accommodating 200 bags, then the profitability increases to 82%, and the net income will be in the range of 40,000-41,000 rubles. The investment will pay off in just 3.4 cycles or 9 months.

The process of growing oyster mushrooms at home is quite exciting and educational. By accumulating experience, you can gradually increase the volume, which will allow you to turn your hobby into a small business.