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Growing boletus at home
Growing boletus mushrooms at home is very simple, and the chance of getting a good harvest is much higher than that of other mushrooms. The yield will increase several times if you properly care for the garden and follow all the recommendations at the time of sowing the mycelium.
Basic rules for sowing and caring for boletus in your garden
A feature of the boletus can be called the fact that its spores can hardly be separated from the pulp. Therefore, the gardener will need to start preparing a special mixture that will allow ripe spores to precipitate. For the solution, you need to take one part of the pulp and 100 parts of water, then the birch roots are opened and watered with the resulting mixture. After this simple procedure, the roots will need to be additionally moistened.
The key to good yields is proper care, which consists in adhering to the recommended moisture level. If the season is dry, the soil should be regularly sprayed with a spray bottle (this way you can perfectly simulate mushroom rain and the soil will not be waterlogged). Watering is recommended in the afternoon to be sure that the sun's rays do not fall on the boletus. You can plant a few plants nearby, the height of which is not very large. Thus, the clearing will be protected from direct sunlight, but will remain sufficiently bright.
Moisturizing is necessary not only during the germination of mushrooms, but also immediately after the first fruiting bodies appear. The garden must be watered with plain water every day, but the use of fertilizers is not recommended. This has a negative effect on the mycelium if the dosage is not observed. You can harvest mushrooms in the first year after sowing.
For sowing, a site is selected near a birch or in a place where they grow interspersed with other trees. A garden with fruit trees or deciduous trees is suitable for this purpose. A small layer (about 10 cm) of birch sawdust is poured into the pits, you can mix them with birch bark or leaves. The second layer consists of humus, it is best to take it in the forest under the birches. Only then can the mycelium of the mushrooms be poured onto the prepared soil and covered with sawdust on top.
How to prepare mycelium for planting
To increase the chances of a positive result, you need to properly prepare the necessary materials before sowing. It is best to plant boletus in May-August. By this time, a place for mushrooms should have already been selected and prepared - garbage has been removed on the site, the soil has been dug up.
The age of the birch, near which the mycelium will be planted, must be at least 4 years old. If you choose a younger birch, the breeding process of mushrooms can be very delayed, in this case the harvest can be minimal. The holes should be 20 cm deep and about 10 cm in diameter. It is best to place them around the selected tree. Soil containing large amounts of peat is poured into the holes. For this purpose, a regular plant mixture, which can be purchased at any flower shop, is suitable. A little compost mycelium of boletus is carefully placed in each hole, then the holes can be covered with soil and tamped a little.
Watering the soil after planting is necessary at the rate of a liter of water per hole. You can use fertilizer, but this should rarely be done. You will need 5 grams of the drug, which can be purchased ready-made or prepared on your own.
Conditions for obtaining a rich harvest
To maintain the required moisture level, you can cover the bed with the planted mycelium with a small layer of straw (about 30 cm). It must be laid damp and monitored throughout the growing season. The similarity of mushrooms can be slightly increased by watering the garden with preparations that contain a small amount of cultures of beneficial microorganisms. Thus, the yield increases up to 60%, because as a result the soil becomes as identical as possible with the forest one.
It is necessary to cover the bed with straw from the moment the first cold weather sets in. You can replace straw with moss or leaf litter, which is immediately removed as soon as warming occurs. Fruiting boletus can last 7 years, the amount of mushrooms harvested directly depends on the quality of care of the garden. If you do not use top dressing, the mushroom will bear fruit less - about 3-4 years.
The technology for growing boletus is to artificially create conditions that are as similar as possible to the natural growth environment of mushrooms. To harvest a larger crop, holes need to be made near several trees at once. Up to 15 mushrooms can be obtained from each of the holes near one birch per year (the amount varies depending on the type of mycelium used, as well as on the type of boletus grown in the backyard).
At home, mushrooms are often grown not only for personal consumption, but also for sale. After boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms are considered the most delicious and useful, the cultivation of which in a summer cottage can be a profitable business. Like all similar crops, boletus mushrooms are bred quite simply. To grow boletus boletus, you need to prepare mycelium (mushroom seeds) and follow all the rules of care.
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Rules for planting mycelium at home
If a ready-made mycelium is used, then the planting will be greatly simplified. Prepare the following materials in advance:
- the boletus mycelium itself, which is often confused and mistakenly called seeds;
- compost (you can take the remnants of the mixture prepared for the garden or greenhouse);
- soil for indoor plants. Mushrooms are perfectly adapted to multiply on the soil, which is rich in peat. On sale today you can find universal substrates for plants, which almost entirely consist of peat. Mushrooms in the country will grow by leaps and bounds;
- a mass of moss and leaf litter. It can be easily assembled in any garden;
- for planting, it is necessary to select the area in the country where birches grow in abundance. It is in such conditions that boletus mushrooms prefer to grow.
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The process of preparing and planting mycelium
Growing boletus from mycelium will be less problematic if you prepare everything correctly. The most optimal time for planting is from May to the end of August. By this time, in the country, it is required to prepare the place where the mushrooms will be planted. All debris and other rubbish must be removed from the site. Next, 3 holes are dug on the site for seeds. The optimum diameter of the holes is 10 cm, and their depth is 20 cm. It is recommended to place the holes around the circumference of the tree. Birches, near which mushrooms will multiply, must be over 4 years old.
It is not recommended to grow boletus mushrooms near young plantings of birches, since the result will be minimal, the reproduction of mushrooms will be delayed.
If the holes are ready, then it is necessary to fill them up to about half with prepared soil with a rather capacious peat content. A small piece of compost mycelium is placed in each well. Each row should take about 1/3 of a ready-made bag with mycelium. After that, the holes, prepared for breeding boletus, are covered with soil and tamped.
After planting the mycelium, you can start watering. The hole takes about 1 liter of clean water.The soil around is also slightly moistened, but for this, about a bucket of water is taken. When growing mushrooms, experts recommend using fertilizer. Enough 5 grams of the drug for one feeding. A specially prepared or purchased composition is bred in a ten-liter bucket. This will be enough for the first feeding.
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How to get a good harvest?
In the summer, in order for the reproduction of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to constantly maintain humidity around the plantings. For this purpose, the planted boletus mycelium can be covered with a layer of straw for 20-40 cm, but it should be kept moist and moistened throughout the season. To increase the germination of mushrooms in a summer cottage, it is recommended for watering in the future to use preparations containing several cultures of beneficial microorganisms. These preparations will allow you to get 40-70% more yield. The soil under the influence of such a tool becomes as similar as possible to the forest one, that is, the boletus reproduces well and quickly.
At the onset of the first cold weather and for the entire winter period, the area where the plantings were made must be covered with straw. The radius of such a shelter is up to 2 meters. In addition to straw, spruce branches, moss, leaf litter are also used. With the arrival of heat, this material must be removed.
The seeds that were used for planting give the first harvest after a year. Therefore, you have to be patient. Active fruiting lasts about 5-7 years, the volume of the crop depends on how correctly all growing conditions are observed. If you do not use enriched preparations, the boletus will bear less fruit, the maximum period will be only 5 years, but usually it is 3 years.
When growing boletus, it is recommended to arrange holes not near one tree, but about several, such breeding will be more profitable. From each of them, the number of mushrooms from 5 to 15 pieces is collected per year. The result depends largely on what seeds were used, what kind of boletus is grown on the site. It is necessary to correctly calculate the amount of mycelium that will be used for planting. If you are buying a ready-made mycelium, then it is worth remembering that one package contains only 60 ml of it.
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How to get mycelium for growing mushrooms?
Without mycelium, the mycelium simply will not appear. It is prepared from spores, that is, seeds are used. The following can be used as a nutrient medium:
- carrot agar, which contains water 600 ml, carrot extract 400 ml, agar 15 grams. The acidity is 6 pH;
- oat agar, contains water 970 ml, oatmeal flour 30 grams, agar 15 grams. Before kneading, the flour must be boiled for an hour, then filtered through a special filtered mesh;
- wort agar. To do this, take 1 liter of beer wort with Balling values of 7-8 degrees, agar 20 grams. The resulting mixture is cooked until dissolved, after which the wort is poured into separate test tubes, sterilized under pressure of one and a half atmospheres. To carry out the cultivation, grain mycelium with spores is introduced into the resulting agar, which already serves as a propagation material.
At home, you can grow various types of mushrooms, which will be distinguished by excellent taste, the presence of nutrients. Such mushrooms are very easy to reproduce, the materials for planting them require the simplest, you just need to purchase mycelium and prepare the site. Boletus mushrooms are easy to grow, their yield is quite long, and every gardener can take care of it.
Everyone dreams of eating delicious forest mushrooms. Find out how you can grow boletus in your own area.
You can get boletus mushrooms at your summer cottage from the mycelium, which was brought from the forest.It is best to take the soil in early spring or late summer in small pieces (20x30x15 cm) not far from healthy trees. The layers of earth are carefully divided into 5-10 parts. They are placed in buckets, basins, barrels for storage. Then they are dried in the cellar, basement until next year. As a result, the quality of the seed is improved. The fungus will not be affected as it is more drought tolerant.
Next year, at the end of June, holes should be dug with a depth of 20 cm and a diameter of approximately 10 cm. Then the holes are tightly filled with pieces of mycelium, watered from a watering can (1 liter per hole). Then the bed is covered with moss, leaf litter or branches.
In addition, spores of old mushroom caps can be used as planting material. However, since they are poorly separated from the pulp, it is best to prepare a mushroom suspension from it and water (1: 100). Leave the infusion for a day. Then strain through a thin cloth and use for watering the moist soil under the birch trees. This is done in late May or early summer, after exposing the roots.
Boletus
Further care is to control soil moisture. If the soil dries up, it should be sprinkled (not poured), while simulating mushroom rain, it is best to do this in the evening. After the first mushrooms appear, this must be done every day.
There is another way of sowing mushrooms on the site. For this, grain mycelium is used. A hole is dug on the site up to 30 cm deep. The pit area is 2 sq.m. It is filled with a nutrient mixture. 1 layer consists of birch leaves and sawdust (bark and sawdust are also suitable). 2nd layer - humus from birch forest (10 cm) with a thin layer of grain mycelium. Layer 3 is the same as the first. The 4th layer is garden soil (3-5 cm). The resulting bed is watered by sprinkling. In dry hot weather, the substrate should not be allowed to dry out.
When the mycelium is planted in early summer, the first crop can be harvested in 2.5-3 months. After that, fruiting bodies will appear every 2 weeks until the deepest autumn. The best harvest can be harvested after 2 years. The boletus mushroom lives only 5 years, after which the yield decreases. Young boletus boletus have convex caps. Their diameter is 15 cm.
Growing boletus is in many ways similar to growing boletus and porcini mushrooms. However, the advantage of boletus mushrooms is that the probability of getting a good harvest is much higher than that of other mushrooms. Especially the percentage of appearance of the fungus and the frequency of the harvest increase with proper care. Special care does not allow boletus boletus to deteriorate due to timely collection, and those collected in the forest are often prone to damage by larvae and insects in adulthood.
Sowing and caring for aspen mushrooms on a personal plot
In boletus boletus, in contrast to boletus boletus, spores are poorly separated from the pulp. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a mushroom suspension so that the spores can precipitate. The solution is prepared at the rate of 1: 100 (1 part of pulp, 100 parts of water). Open birch roots carefully, taking care not to damage. Pour the resulting solution evenly onto the root system. Moisten well.
Proper follow-up care is to monitor soil moisture. During the dry season, it is important to regularly spray (not flood) the soil around the trees to simulate mushroom rain, however, watering should be done in the afternoon when the sun can no longer scorch the landing site. Boletus should not be allowed to come under direct sunlight, although the landing site should be bright. Therefore, you can plant small plants nearby that will create shade.
It is necessary to water the mushrooms not only before the time it is in the soil, but also after the appearance of the first fruiting bodies (then watering is done daily). It is worth noting that the use of fertilizers will not always have a positive effect on the growth of the mycelium. Therefore, it is better to abandon the additional nutrition of boletus altogether.The first crop of boletus can be harvested in the first year. Especially the probability of emergence increases if single specimens of boletus have already been seen on the site.
