How to grow mushrooms at home on stumps?

The content of the article:

• Growing mushrooms on stumps at home
• What mushrooms can be grown on tree stumps?
• Preparing for planting mycelium
• Mycelium cultivation technology
• Where to place the plantation?
• The successes of the mushroom industry in Russia

Any reproduction of various mushroom cultures involves several basic cultivation methods. One of the easiest and most effective methods is the cultivation of mycelium using forest waste. The most practical is the use of stumps of different types of trees on which it grows in nature. This cultivation method is called extensive. It implies the course of the growing process in natural conditions, under the open sky. In rare cases, this can be done in a basement. With this option, monetary investments and material and technical base are minimal, and the yield is quite high. However, this will depend on the climatic conditions in which you are located.

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home

The extensive reproduction technique is well suited for home use. Taking into account the peculiarities of this technology, it is possible to achieve large production scales, but it is quite often used to satisfy only household needs. The landing of several dozen families will regularly supply you and your relatives with a quality product. Industrial production volumes can be achieved through high optimization and the use of the most productive genera.

What mushrooms can be grown on tree stumps?

Under certain conditions, almost all types of mycelium are capable of growing on wood. Mushroom yields will vary considerably. In practical plant growing today, it is customary to cultivate two types of edible mushrooms: oyster mushrooms and honey agarics. However, it is most advisable to grow oyster mushrooms. This genus of wild plants gives the highest yield and cyclicality throughout the year. The technology of reproduction of different genera of this kingdom of botany on wood blocks is identical. Only the natural ability of various mycelium variants to bear fruit in a woody environment differs.

Preparing for planting mycelium

To carry out the procedure for infecting a timber stock with a seed mixture, a minimum amount of materials is required:

1. Wooden log.
2. Mycelium.
3. Ancillary equipment.

For the purpose of cultivation, you can pick up any options for low-grade wood. But it is better to prepare those varieties on which the spores prefer to grow in natural conditions. The logs should not be more than 1-2 years old. It is advisable to choose options with minimal signs of destruction, since mushrooms wear out the tree very aggressively and your growth environment will quickly exhaust its resource.

It is best to cook a wet and fairly fresh breed. The diameter of the workpieces can vary from 15 to 30 cm. The optimal option is 20-25 cm. As mentioned, the most economically profitable family for home and industrial production is oyster mushroom. Mycelium of this kind is realized in several forms: various containers, plastic bags.

The main nuances worth knowing about are the substrate on which the mycelium is grown. The main types are: cereal grains, sawdust, bars, corn cobs.There is an opinion that the most promising option is a sowing medium grown on grains. However, no significant differences were found in base modifications. Storage of the cultivation substrate should not exceed 6-7 months. Otherwise, the prospect of reproduction of the dispute is reduced. It is best to plant fresh, healthy material.

The main requirements for storing mycelium are temperature (+ 2 ° C) and humidity. A quality planting substrate is a white conglomerate that is hard to the touch. If it is significantly changed, then there will be no harvest. The extensive method involves the use of micelated gruel or water, which is easy to pour into the seating nests. The tools with which you will prepare logs for infection can be varied. Your best bet is to have:

• drill;
• chainsaw;
• industrial film;
• locksmith staple;
• container for sterilizing logs.

Mycelium cultivation technology

For sowing oyster mushrooms or other genera, wooden logs are harvested, which are sawn into blocks of 30-40 cm, pre-soaking them in ordinary water for 1-2 weeks. If the blanks are freshly cut logs, then they do not need to be soaked. The entire infection algorithm boils down to the following basic manipulations:

1. Digestion of wooden blocks.
2. Cutting out niches of primary growth.
3. Seed medium preparation.
4. Infection.
5. Log wrapping.

To prevent the competitive growth of various microorganisms with fungi in the environment of wood and the destruction of antifungal substances, the method of heat treatment of the bar is used. To do this, place the logs in boiling water for 15-30 minutes.

For a better invasion of spores into a wooden blank and protecting it from adverse external influences, it should be correctly placed in a log. For this, several methods are used. The first, and the simplest, consists in placing the mycelium on the end of the bar and laying on top of the next one. Thus, an artificial trunk is formed, in which each next layer protects the mycelium of the previous one. Straw or sawdust is laid on the surface of the uppermost one.

The second method is the imposition of holes on the log, which serves as a protection. To do this, use a conventional drill to drill several holes up to 1-15 cm in diameter to a depth of 10 cm. The method of sawing the upper layer of the bar is also used. For its implementation, a 4-centimeter layer of log is cut down. The mycelium is placed on it and covered like a lid. Then fix it with nails.

To achieve the desired consistency, the mycelium is ground by hand and tightly placed in niches for cultivation. Then they are tightly sealed with wooden valves or paper wads for better incubation.

The micellar environment constantly requires a certain water content for growth. The logs must be kept at 80% moisture for growth to be successful. To preserve this environment, the hemp is wrapped in plastic wrap and fixed with staples. For good incubation, the workpieces are placed in a basement or in a building with minimal direct sunlight.

Where to place the plantation?

The bars are overgrown in 2 - 2.5 months. After about this time, the first traces of young growth appear on them. This is a good sign. Now the logs can be installed in their place of permanent residence. This is best done in a shaded garden. There they are buried to a depth of 10 cm. Now that your mushroom garden is ready, you need to periodically water it in very dry weather and harvest.

The successes of the mushroom industry in Russia

Taking into account the traditional use of oyster mushrooms, whites and other species of this plant organism in the Russian diet, mushroom cultivation is one of the most promising directions in plant growing.Every year the share of Russian companies in the segment of this type of production is significantly increasing.

In 2015, the supply of this kind of food products increased by 22%. The departure of foreign importers from the Russian market provides an excellent opportunity for domestic manufacturers, the volume of supplies of which covers only 10-15% of the Russian market. Companies involved in this segment show successful and stable economic growth. Some of the most successful mushroom growing enterprises in Russia are the industrial groups of the Moscow region and the Upper Volga region. Companies that occupy a large part of the Russian market show a constant increase in production and high profits: the Zapadny refrigeration plant (TM 4 seasons), Ledovo (TM Snezhana), Ledoy Mir (TM Smak), Khladokombinat No. 1 "(St. Petersburg)," Elikom ".

The success of these and many other farms lies in the high demand for this product and the rather easy technological process of growing. The market in our country has a large deficit in this sector and is one of the most promising in the economy. The peculiarities of obtaining the product allow you to achieve high profitability and payback of the product. Most of the regions in the country are suitable for this type of business. Government programs and subsidies stimulate the development of large manufacturing companies and small private farms.

Growing mushrooms is a great hobby, even for those who are only superficially familiar with mushroom growing. You can grow mushrooms not only intensively, but also extensively - on stumps (so you can harvest directly in your garden). The most suitable mushrooms for planting on stumps are oyster mushrooms. But you can get honey mushrooms, tinder fungi or saw-leaves. But you are unlikely to grow champignons in this way. In this article we will talk about growing oyster mushrooms on stumps.

Selection and preparation of stumps

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country? Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps requires careful preparation. The first step is to choose the stump itself, which will serve as the foundation for the future mycelium.

It is recommended to choose cuts of deciduous wood (up to half a meter in length) or to use the stumps that are left from recently felled trees. If you want oyster mushroom growing on stumps to be successful, choose hardwood hardwood. Maple, ash, birch, aspen or poplar wood will serve as a good material. Conifers have a detrimental effect on the mycelium, because they contain a huge amount of caustic resins that destroy the mycelium. To ensure the moisture level necessary for growing oyster mushrooms, you should hold the stumps in a container of water for a couple of days, although this is not necessary if you are using fresh wood.

After preparing the log, add the mycelium. This can be done in several different ways. You can make holes in the hemp in a checkerboard pattern, up to 6 cm deep and up to 1 cm in diameter. The mycelium is simply poured into such holes (you need its grain variety), and after the hole you must close it with moss or adhesive tape. If the mycelium is stick-shaped, place it in the holes you made earlier and close them using plasticine.

You can saw off a not too large disc (about 2–3 cm), cover the end of the log with mycelium, and completely close the top with a disc, securely fixing it with nails. You can also cover the end of the log with mycelium (1 cm layer), place another log covered with mycelium on top, then a third, and so on. The result is a kind of column covered with mycelium.

After the job has been done, it is necessary to place the logs with mycelium in the basement. This is considered the best option, although a shed can be used as a place to store the chocks. As a last resort, a garage is also suitable, although experts are extremely negative about this option.The chocks themselves are folded in a pyramid and covered with burlap on top. If you used the third method, simply place the logs vertically, creating a kind of column. They are placed in several rows, and straw and sawdust are poured in between them. They are also sprinkled with sawdust on top, and then wrapped with burlap on the sides.

Planting hemp in the ground

The next stage in the cultivation of mushrooms is placing the stumps in the ground. It is best to do this in May, when it finally gets warmer. For planting, choose a shaded place so that the growing mycelium is as comfortable as possible. Dig a shallow hole (up to 10-15 cm) and line the bottom with sawdust or damp leaves. The stump is neatly placed there. Make sure that the distance between the stumps is at least 35 cm. After the stumps have been planted in the ground, water them as needed.

Growing technology

There are several ways to grow mushrooms on stumps. How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps in a trench? Dig a shallow trench (about 15 cm) and cover the bottom with pearl barley to provide good nutrition for the mushrooms. After that, put the disinfected grain mycelium on top, having previously kneaded it well with your hands.

Its amount should be about 300 g for each stump. Boldly place wet stumps on the mycelium, and lightly sprinkle with soil. How to grow oyster mushrooms with mycelium sowing on stump cuts?

Treat the ends of the stumps with grain mycelium by applying it with a spatula or using a spatula.

These stumps are stacked one on top of the other, then tied with wire for strength. How to grow mushrooms by placing mycelium deep into the wood mass? Punch shallow staggered holes in the hemp. Pour grain mycelium there and close the holes with a wooden stopper, sawdust or moss.

Further care

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home is not difficult at all, you just need to follow a few important rules for caring for mushrooms. First, watering. Water the soil around the stumps very carefully; excess moisture harms the mushrooms. You can use a spray bottle instead of pouring water from a watering can.

It is best to water the hemp only during the dry period, because with optimal air humidity, additional moisture is not required for oyster mushrooms. Secondly, take care of sheltering your "mushroom plantation" for the winter. Spruce branches, foliage or straw are best suited (you just need to cover the stumps so that they do not suffer from frost).

Harvesting

So when can you harvest your first crop? If all the necessary conditions are met, the first harvest can be obtained already a month after planting. By this time, the mycelium should finally take root.

During the season, you can collect mushrooms several times. In general, such plantations can bear fruit from three to five years, and you can harvest the most abundant crops in the second and third years. If you do not place mycelium in a substrate with small particles, but choose solid wood, you will have to wait longer for the harvest, but you can harvest it within 5-7 years.

Of course, the amount of the crop will directly depend on the weather conditions in your region, because your "plantation" grows almost naturally. In addition, the harvest can be obtained only twice a year - in the spring and autumn. This is quite a profitable activity, since this method of growing does not take much time and gives good results. Of course, such an activity is unlikely to bring much profit, but growing mushrooms is an extremely exciting process that can interest anyone.

Video "Growing mushrooms on stumps"

In this video, you will learn how to properly grow mushrooms on stumps.

In recent years, more and more people have begun to master technologies that allow collecting oyster mushrooms on stumps.Growing these mushrooms at home does not require any special knowledge and skills. After reading this article, you will learn about the main stages of this process.

Mycelium selection

To collect oyster mushrooms on stumps, cultivation must begin with the acquisition of high-quality planting material. Some vendors offer to buy mycelium on sticks. However, long-term practice has shown that when using them, the first harvest can be obtained only after two years, and sometimes even later. Therefore, experts recommend purchasing fresh mycelium from oats or wheat. When choosing such planting material, you must make sure that there is no gray-green mold on it, the excess of which indicates the poor quality of the offered product.

When is it better to plant oyster mushrooms on stumps?

It is advisable to start growing these mushrooms in the autumn months. It is during this period that they do not require frequent watering, and the crop ripens much faster. If, with spring sowing, it will be possible to feast on mushrooms after a year and a half, then with autumn sowing - just a year later. In the first six months, oyster mushrooms require special care, which consists in frequent watering.

All of the above does not mean that you need to abandon the spring sowing of mycelium. It's just that in such cases, the logs with the future harvest are not buried in the ground, but placed in the basement and covered with wet burlap so that they gradually become overgrown with mycelium. In the fall, they are taken out of the cellar and buried in the ground.

Sowing technology

It should be understood that growing oyster mushrooms at home on stumps is a long and laborious process. In this case, you can only get a seasonal harvest, depending on climatic and weather conditions. The preparation of stumps must begin at the end of January. It is advisable to choose those on the surface of which there are no signs of mold. Before adding planting material, the logs should be soaked in water for three days. This will create the increased moisture required for the mycelium to be set. Stumps with mycelium can be taken out into the garden no earlier than May, when the threat of frost will completely disappear.

To get a good harvest of oyster mushrooms on stumps, cultivation and sowing can be done in several different ways:

• Holes are made in the logs, the depth of which is about six centimeters, and the diameter is about ten millimeters. Then they are filled with mycelium in grains and covered with moss or scotch tape.
• Planting material is laid out on the end of the stump and covered with a disc previously cut from a log, the thickness of which is about three centimeters, and then fixed with nails.
• A pyramid is built from the chocks, and the end of each log is covered with a two-centimeter layer of mycelium.

After sowing, the stumps are placed in a cellar and covered with burlap or foil.

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps in the basement

In order for your venture to be crowned with success, it is necessary not only to choose the right mycelium, but also to create optimal conditions in the room chosen for these purposes. It is important that the air temperature in the basement is at least fifteen and no more than twenty degrees, and the humidity is within 80-95%.

It is recommended to pay special attention to providing good ventilation and lighting. It should also be understood that growing oyster mushrooms on stumps in the basement implies insulation and re-equipment of the room. To avoid carbon dioxide build-up, it is imperative to install fans. It is advisable to use fluorescent lamps as lighting devices. To place blocks with mushrooms in the basement, special racks should be equipped in advance. It is preferable that they are made of durable plastic that is resistant to moisture.

Transplant to open ground

In May, hemp with oyster mushrooms can be moved to the garden. The readiness for landing on open ground can be judged by the presence of a dense white bloom.For the most successful fruiting of myceliums, it is advisable to put the logs in the shade, for example, under densely leafy trees.

Wet leaves are lined at the bottom of the pre-dug pits, and then stumps are planted. It is important that the embedment depth of the logs does not exceed fifteen centimeters. The distance between adjacent chocks should be about half a meter. Further care of the plantings consists in periodically moistening the soil around the logs. The first crop can be harvested at the beginning of autumn.

With the onset of winter, it is recommended to wrap the hemp with spruce branches, leaves or straw. A similar mycelium will bear fruit abundantly for several years in a row. The maximum mushroom harvest can be harvested in the second and third years.

Technology of growing oyster mushrooms on stumps. Description. Video

Large-scale cultivation of oyster mushrooms, when harvests are on an industrial scale, is associated with the use of intensive cultivation methods. For this, a special room and bags with a straw substrate are usually used. But the intensive method, for various reasons, is not suitable for every mushroom lover. In this case, the solution may be to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps.

It is possible that for beginners in the field of mushroom growing, it is the cultivation of oyster mushrooms at home on stumps (extensive method) that would be an ideal launching pad, which is largely due to the fact that the time and effort required in this case will be minimal.