Rotary cut veneer

Properties of the Karelian birch tree

The main thing that distinguishes Karelian birch from other types of wood is the properties of wood. They determine its popularity in the furniture market.

For example, if we compare it with hanging (a type of wood species), then there are clear advantages of its wood in terms of physical and mechanical properties:

1. Wood from Karelia is denser - 0.712-0.740 kg / m3 versus 0.579-0.666 kg / m3.
2. It resists compression more strongly and is firmer at the ends.
3. The massif of Karelian birch is very hard, it is hard to split, but it is well processed with tools, which makes it possible to make durable wear-resistant furniture from it. Her rival is much inferior in terms of these indicators.

Where does Karelian birch grow?

Karelian birch is not a separate species - it is an anomalous subspecies of common birch, and the name that has taken hold on the market comes from the name of the area where it was found for the first time, but it also grows in other regions.

Outwardly, the tree is undersized with a strongly curved trunk and the presence of spherical tubercles on it. Due to the peculiarities of the shape and the relatively short life span (usually 40-50 years, during which the tree does not have time to grow tall), only 10-25% of the logs have a valuable marble iridescent patterning. This factor and also the fact that the Karelian birch is a rare "guest on the planet" determine the established high price for furniture from its solid wood.

In Russia, at the moment, this unique tree grows in natural conditions only in the forests of Karelia, but scientists have found a method to grow it artificially. Such industrial plantings are also available in Karelia, in Kostroma, Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh and other regions.

In addition to Russia, there are several other countries where Karelian birch grows - the Baltic States, Belarus, the Czech Republic, as well as the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and others). They are also engaged in artificial breeding of wood to obtain "royal wood".

Varieties of "royal birch"

Karelian birch occurs naturally in three main varieties, differing in the shape of the trunk, its height, structure and properties:

1. High-stemmed (can be small- or large-tuberous).
2. Short-barreled.
3. Bushy.

The first two types are most suitable for the production of furniture, since they have a straighter trunk, there is a greater percentage of patterned wood. But they are inferior to the bush variety of Karelian birch in texture, which boasts a more interesting, more pronounced and rich pattern, which does not require additional decorative finishing.

Wood texture and pattern features

The formation of texture in Karelian birch occurs gradually - the older the tree, the more beautiful the pattern:

1. In bushy trees - by the age of 30-40.
2. In short-barreled ones - by the age of 50-60.
3. In high-barrels - by the age of 70-80.

Furniture made of Karelian birch, photo examples of which can be seen in our article, with its beauty overshadows products from such well-known varieties as "bird's eye" maple, walnut and Amur ash, pistachio, boxwood and sycamore, cherry, yew and others. common decorative breeds. It creates worthy competition for elite products from teak and mahogany, checkerboard wood and all varieties of dalbergia.

By 3-5 years old, trees grown artificially begin to show external signs of patterning, and already at 15-20 years, patterned specimens can be determined quite accurately.

Features of Karelian birch wood texture:

1. Disordered, sinuous arrangement of wood fibers.
2. The presence of darker inclusions that visually resemble the letter V, elongated commas, winding lines or wavy lines.
3. Irregularity of the pattern. It can be more uniform or curtain.

Array color scheme

Fans of light woods will definitely like Karelian birch - the color of the furniture is mostly white, but it can be light yellow or brownish (meaning the background).The inclusions are always noticeably darker than the background - more often dark brown, less often almost black or with a reddish tint. Their size varies from 2 to 20 mm, but more often 4-6 mm. The figure may also contain light paths ("frosty patterns") with a length of 5 to 20 mm. Another uniqueness of Karelian birch is the moire of its wood (light-colored fibers seem to shine through the darker ones, creating a glow effect), which visually makes furniture made of it even more unusual and richer.

Veneer types

Manufacturers currently offer three types of veneer:

• natural;
• fine-line;
• multi-veneer.

Natural and artificial veneer

Natural veneer is a thin sheet that is removed from the solid wood by sawing, peeling, chipping or planing. This veneer is called natural because the unique texture of the wood is fully preserved during the production process.

Artificial veneer is a plastic film that in appearance imitates the structure and color of natural wood. Artificial veneer is widely used in decorating JSM surfaces.

Fine-line veneer

Fine-line veneer (fine-line) - a reconstructed veneer made using a special technology from natural wood with the ability to imitate various types of wood with certain sizes and different shades. Wood of fast-growing tree species is used as the main raw material in the manufacture of veneer using fine-line technology.

"Fine-line" veneer is produced from peeled veneer, by forming it into blocks, from which veneer of various colors, patterns and sizes is then obtained. The technology for manufacturing this type of veneer was developed in accordance with modern environmental requirements and the need to obtain a new texture.

Fine-line veneer does not repeat any of the existing types of wood and has a unique, clearly defined structure, pattern and color that meets modern trends in the production of slopes, arches, portals, doors, panels, furniture, etc.

Fine-line veneer reconstructed veneer made using a special technology from natural wood with the ability to imitate various types of wood

During production, wood goes through the following stages of processing:

• peeling: the logs are dissolved into a tape of a certain thickness, which is then cut into veneer sheets of a certain size;
• drying the obtained veneer sheets and sorting them by color;
• through staining: sorted veneer is immersed in a container with a dyeing solution;
• gluing and pressing: colored sheets are collected in bundles with the same fiber direction and sandwiched with a binder. The adhesive not only binds the veneer layers to each other, but also creates an additional decorative effect by adding dye. The created pack is pressed under high pressure;
• planing: from the resulting block, planed veneer sheets with a certain predetermined texture and structure are obtained.

Composition: 92 - 94% - natural wood, 7 - 8% binder (glue), 0.3 - 0.5% - dye.
Advantages: the material has a uniform predetermined pattern and color, there are no defects typical for natural wood - knots, knots and cavities.
Disadvantages: the material turns out to be brittle, as well as porous and requires a lot of glue when veneering.

Multi-veneer

Multi-veneer is a specially reconstructed natural wood veneer. This type of veneer can be called the most "decorative", because its appearance is often the least reminiscent of patterns of natural wood. The main color motifs of multi-veneer are geometric patterns, often combining different color shades. Products made from this type of veneer look modern and fit perfectly into any Art Nouveau interior.

The main advantages of veneered products are:

• environmental friendliness (natural natural material);
• impeccable appearance (rich assortment, the ability to remove defects inherent in solid wood);
• duration of operation (products lined with veneer do not dry out, like products made of solid wood, they are not afraid of humidity and temperature).

Purchase of material

Depending on the type of veneer produced, choose the right raw material:

• plywood - alder, birch, linden, aspen, pine, spruce, cedar, fir, larch;
• wood-laminated plastic (chipboard) - birch;
• sliced ​​veneer - oak, beech, maple, apple, birch;
• peeled veneer - birch, beech, alder, linden, aspen, mahogany, spruce, pine, larch, ash.

It is possible to provide production with raw materials through the establishment of a procurement process from local wood producers. An alternative way would be to lease a plot of forest. This will allow you to procure raw materials yourself, bypassing intermediaries.

Acceptance of sliced ​​veneer

The cost of sliced ​​veneer depends on the slot of the timber, the size of the knoll, the number of flaws. The veneer is accepted by a specially trained qualified inspector. For testing, three sheets of veneer are taken from the packs: top, middle and bottom. Experts determine the following parameters:

• appearance
• dimensions
• humidity level
• roughness
• waviness.

The appearance is determined visually. Material flaws are measured according to GOST 2140.

to determine the thickness, it is necessary to measure at three points evenly located along the length of the sheet at a distance of at least 25 mm from the edges, with a device called a thickness gauge. The length and width of the veneer is measured in the middle of the width and length of the sheet using a metal ruler or other measuring instrument.

The skewness of the sheet is determined using a square, which is superimposed on the adjacent edges of the sheet, and the most significant deviation of the sheet edge from the edge of the square should be measured with a ruler.

There are also certain GOST documents to determine the roughness and moisture level.

What types of wood veneer are there

Sliced ​​veneer

As for this product group, it has the following differences:

• sheets are made on special veneer planing equipment, which is characterized by high precision and cleanliness of processing;
• product thickness can vary from 0.2 to 5 millimeters, which is sufficient for most uses;
• this method of production is used when working with valuable species of wood, as it allows you to present their structure in the most favorable light. Most often, the work uses wood from oak, walnut, beech, Karelian birch, acacia, ash, yew and much more.

One simple rule should be remembered the thicker the veneer, the more reliable it is, therefore you should not save and purchase the thinnest options

Rotary cut veneer

The production of wood veneer using this technology has the following features:

• The production process is very simple: the logs are cut into pieces of small width, after which they are cut into a sheet of small thickness using a special knife. The quality of this option is noticeably lower than the first one, but the cost price is also lower, therefore it is the most popular;
• the following types of wood are most often used for work: pine, birch, alder and oak;
• the thickness of the finished elements can be from 0.1 to 10 millimeters, which allows you to choose the optimal solution for any type of work.

Sawn veneer

As for this type of product, the following can be noted regarding it:

• products are produced on special machines that cut the bar layer by layer, due to the large amount of chips that are formed during operation, the cost of the material is high;
• the thickness of the lamellas, and this is what the finished elements are called, can be from 1 to 10 mm;
• products of this type are of especially high quality, therefore they are very often used in the production of musical instruments, they can also be used in the interior and in the manufacture of furniture, such surfaces practically do not require additional processing.

It is important to choose the option that is best suited in a given situation, and if the manufacturer has recommendations for use or special instructions for carrying out work, then all requirements should be followed in order to get a guaranteed high result. One simple rule should be remembered: the thicker the veneer, the more reliable it is, so you should not save and purchase the thinnest options

Veneer is one of the materials, the popularity of which never decreases, moreover, with the rise in wood prices, the demand for this option will be even greater

One simple rule should be remembered: the thicker the veneer, the more reliable it is, so you should not save and purchase the thinnest options. Veneer is one of the materials, the popularity of which never decreases, moreover, with the rise in wood prices, the demand for this option will be even greater.

Features of natural veneer care

Like any finishing material made of wood - slats, lamellas, plank, lining - veneer is subject to fluctuations in humidity and temperature. Do not install furniture or musical instruments decorated with wood veneer in damp rooms or near heating appliances. Damp or vice versa, overdried a thin layer of wood inevitably warps and lags behind the base, the product loses its appearance. Direct sunlight also adversely affects the cladding.

Stains and dirt from polish or varnish, which covers the veneer, can be removed only with specially developed cleaning agents and napkins. Wet cleaning of veneered surfaces is inadmissible.

Where can I use wood veneer

• In the furniture industry. Massive sets of hardwoods (oak, ash, beech, Karelian birch) are expensive and not available to everyone. Natural veneer gives a highly aesthetic look to products made from more democratic wood. They also paste over fiberboard, chipboard, MDF, plywood. This can be done not only in the factory, but also independently. A simple pine set will acquire chic thanks to a thin 0.2-0.6 mm rosewood or ebony veneer.
• When creating musical instruments. The sound quality and durability of drums, keyboards and strings depends on many factors. And among them, not the last place is occupied by wood cladding and its quality.
• In the interior decoration. Wall panels, interior doors, stairs, decorated with decorative wooden plates in tune with furniture, give the interior harmony and style. Veneer is several times cheaper than solid edged boards and valuable timber.
• Decorative and applied art distinguishes several types of artwork with veneer: intarsia, marquetry - a mosaic of multi-colored pieces of wood collected in wall panels or tabletops, parquetry.
• In the production of floor coverings (parquet, engineered boards), veneer with a thickness of 4-6 mm is used. Wear-resistant dense wood of the upper layers is combined with the lower ones, which, due to their porosity, have the best thermal insulation qualities.
• Thick dies of 8-10 mm are used for boxes, gift wrapping, models.

Where is it applied?

Wood veneer is used for decorative purposes in the furniture and woodworking industries. It is used to finish surfaces made of cheap materials. Coating with veneer creates the effect of natural wood at a low cost of finished products. Thin veneer is used in the manufacture of door leaves, as well as decorative wall panels.Boxes for matches are made of this material, boxes for fruit are made, and also used in the technology of production of plywood multilayer sheet.

As a basis for pasting with veneer, a sheet of chipboard, MDF, drywall can be. Wood-cut sheets are suitable for restoration work when repairing used furniture. Sliced ​​veneer is used in the manufacture of sports equipment, designer souvenirs, household items and much more. Sawed veneer is used in the creation of cases of musical instruments, doorways and arched structures, exclusive models of furniture, boxes, panels, gift products. The veneer of noble wood species, which has a colored color, is a subject for creativity.

What it is?

The word "veneer" in translation from German means "wood chips". This definition did not appear by chance, because the first veneer manufacturers in Europe were the Germans. The technology was developed in the 19th century, when thin canvases were cut from large-diameter logs of various tree species using specially designed woodworking machines. The solid surface of the cut wood material retained all the properties of wood, including its natural pattern. The veneer thickness varies and can be either 1 mm or 12 mm, which directly depends on the type of wood and the method of wood processing. Over time, German technology was also mastered in Russia, but the name of the wood cut remained to sound in German - veneer.

Natural wood cuts are widely used in the manufacture of not only furniture products, but also musical instruments. Cheap blanks were pasted over with precious cuts of rare tree species, and as a result, things were obtained that, in appearance, could hardly be distinguished from those cut from natural solid wood.

The technique of veneer production allows us to distinguish 3 of its varieties.

Natural - such a veneer is obtained by cutting a thin layer of wood from a log rotating around its axis. Veneer can be removed in different ways - by peeling, planing or sawing. The sawing technique is most often used for processing softwood, whereby the wood is cut into thin layers.

Natural wood veneer has various properties, among which there are pros and cons. Positive properties lie in the fact that thin slices of plates are used in technologies for the manufacture of decorative finishing materials, furniture products and other items that are indistinguishable in appearance from massive wooden counterparts. The high decorativeness of the veneer is due to the obtaining of many texture patterns of the annual rings of the tree, and a solid board cannot possess such properties. A thin veneer sheet is versatile in its application - it can be glued to surfaces with almost any relief configuration.

High-quality veneer is a ready-to-use material that has been processed, thoroughly dried and straightened. To improve the appearance, the veneer is covered with coloring and protective compounds, so it has a certain resistance to mechanical stress, does not absorb moisture, is not prone to mold growth and cracking. After a long period of use, wood veneer is subject to restoration and extension of its service life.

Products, the surface of which is covered with natural veneer, have a low cost and durability. If we compare two products, one of which is made of solid wood, and the other is pasted over with veneer, then in appearance these specimens will be hardly distinguishable, but their cost will differ several times. As for the properties and features of operation, they will be identical. Therefore, veneer has received such widespread use in various areas of our life.

The disadvantages of the material include the fragility of the veneer sheet and the difficulty of gluing it - this is a rather capricious material that requires certain skills and dexterity in handling. Veneer does not tolerate scratches and bumps, including from claws and teeth of pets - deep marks can remain on the surface.

How to glue the veneer

To refine the front side of plywood, chipboard, MDF with decorative veneer, various gluing methods are used.

• Cold: the base is carefully coated with a special glue for wood, plates (lamellas) are applied and pressed with a press or clamps until completely dry.
• Hot, when both mating surfaces are covered with adhesive, match and iron them with a hot iron through a sheet of paper so as not to damage the lining.
• Small areas are covered with a quick-drying contact adhesive. It does not need heating or pressing, but it does require some skill to handle.

Sales

The sale of manufactured products is carried out in different ways:

• publication of offers for sale on the relevant sites;
• direct conclusion of contracts with furniture manufacturers.

On trading floors, the cost of finished birch veneer starts at 15,000 rubles per 1 cubic meter. meter. The cost of one unit of production is determined by the dimensions of the finished sheets. Smaller sizes have lower prices and vice versa.

As a result of collecting and analyzing information about the organization of a veneer business, a number of conclusions can be drawn. To start a business, you need large cash costs. There will be economic benefits if there is sufficient production.

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Description of species

Natural veneer can be flexible and rigid, depending on the thickness of the material, for example, products with a thickness of 2 mm or 3 mm have greater ductility when glued than a thick sheet, the cut of which is 5 mm. For ease of use, thin veneer is produced on an adhesive basis and is self-adhesive. The range of shades of products repeats the colors of natural wood varieties, but it is also possible to color the material to which a light cut of wood is subjected to obtain a colored veneer. It is cut into plates, and a roll version is also produced. There is a glued type of product, where the edges of two plates are joined with a synthetic adhesive. Moreover, the plastic gluing element is absolutely invisible in a single canvas when the veneer is glued to the surface to be decorated.

On sale you can find cork veneer, which is made from exotic cork wood, and such a coating looks peculiar. Production technologies allow us to produce a laminated veneer, which has improved characteristics of durability and wear resistance. For the production of wood material, more than a hundred different types of wood are used, which allows you to get any color of products - white, creamy brown, dark coffee, whitish cream, caramel, pink, red and other shades.

By cutting angle

The varieties of the wood pattern on the cut of the workpiece depend on the processing technique, which is performed at a certain angle relative to the annual rings of the tree trunk:

radial cutting angle - characterized by the presence of strips of a straight direction on the canvas, located along the entire surface field;

In the process of making a cut, the finished canvas has a front and a seamy side. The side that touches the blade of the cutting knife of the woodworking machine is the wrong side.

By manufacturing method

No artificial finishing material will be able to convey the living texture of wood. Depending on the method of woodworking, not only the options for cutting log blanks differ, but also the method of cutting. According to the manufacturing method, veneer is subdivided into 3 types.

The sawn type is the most expensive option, which is obtained when woodworking round blocks or logs.For work, a special type of saw is used, thanks to which thin planks are cut from the massif - their thickness ranges from 5 mm to 12 mm. This method of manufacturing involves the remainder of a large amount of waste, so sawn veneer is produced in small batches and is made from inexpensive conifers.

Among others, natural veneer can be produced in fine-line format. Often such a product is mistakenly considered plastic, but in fact it is made from natural species of exotic trees. The technology includes peeling large-sized wood plates, which are subsequently cut into strips of the required parameters. In the production of this type of veneer, natural dyes and adhesives are used, which makes it possible to imitate precious woods.

Features of production

Prepare wood blanks of a certain length. For this, the cut trunk is cleaned of twigs, branches, and various growths.
A prepared piece of wood is placed on the lathe. You can use any wood for this - dry or wet.

What is important, it is easier to peel not dry, namely raw wood. The main thing is to adjust the cutting element of the lathe as precisely as possible so that it removes the top layer from the workpiece in a spiral, thus giving a continuous blade.
Rough and then primary processing of the workpiece is performed

This is necessary to remove the bark of the tree and level the surface - it becomes smooth, even.
The final stage is the removal of a layer of wood of a predetermined thickness. The layer is removed along the entire length of the workpiece at the same time, which allows you to get the material of the maximum width.

But the finished tape is still a semi-finished product that needs to be processed further. The main document according to which the peeled veneer is produced is GOST 2977-82, so it prescribes the following actions: the finished canvases must be sorted, taking into account the quality of the product, its appearance, the type of wood, the texture, then - marked, cut into pieces, jointing the edges and only after fix each pack. Moreover, not ordinary packaging materials are used, but special devices.

If it is processed into birch veneer, the material is obtained with higher aesthetic values. In addition, the production of rotary cut veneer comes from the following types of wood:

1. Buka.
2. Oak.
3. Ash.
4. Lindens.
5. Ilma.
6. Cedar.
7. Larch trees.

The more expensive the raw material, the higher the cost and, accordingly, the aesthetics of the resulting material. In addition, the further use of the obtained material depends on the type of wood used.

Pros and cons of Karelian birch furniture

Furniture made of Karelian birch is rich in advantages, but it also has a number of disadvantages, the knowledge of which will be useful when choosing it at the time of purchase and in the process of further operation. Immediately, we note that such furniture will not fit into a modern studio apartment or a small city apartment. Such furniture requires space and will perfectly fit into the "antique" interior.

The pros of furniture

Furniture made of solid Karelian birch has the following advantages:

1. Unrivaled beauty, originality and uniqueness of the pattern, noble and presentable appearance.
2. Stylish versatility. An array of "Karelians" without modifications can be used to create Scandinavian interiors, in Provence, country and chalets, and with various additions (metal, leather and textile inserts, carving, other design techniques) in any other style too.
3. High indicators of hardness and strength, as well as resistance to cracking and the appearance of chips, which determines the durability of products.
4. Comparative ease of processing in furniture production.
5. Environmental friendliness, safety and hypoallergenicity of wood, the ability to equip children's rooms.
6. Versatility regarding the gender of the owner (suitable for men and women) and the specifics of the premises (residential or office).

Cons of furniture

One of the most significant disadvantages of Karelian birch furniture is the price. The material is rare and expensive, therefore, products made from it cannot be cheap (provided that they are natural and of high quality). In our company you can buy a variety of furniture of the highest quality at a very attractive price, and all because from the manufacturer without additional dealer markups.

The disadvantages of furniture also include:

1. A raw, untreated "Karelian" quickly deteriorates. Therefore, the entire work process (processing and production) must be carried out in the shortest possible time.
2. Karelian birch furniture can become damp from prolonged intense exposure to moisture (especially if the manufacturer does not carefully process the ends and joints).

Varieties of veneer

In appearance, veneer can be:

Natural. The main feature is the naturalness of color and structure. The advantages of the material are environmental friendliness, a prestigious appearance, a peculiar texture. Products made from natural veneer are similar in appearance to wood. One of the advantages is the democratic price. Compared to a similar product made entirely of wood, the weight of a veneer product is much less.

Color. To obtain colored veneer sheets, an additional step is added to the manufacturing process. When painting and processing sheets with stain, you can get a large selection of colors.

Fine-line. This type is formed from softwood by reconstruction of rotary cut veneer. From raw materials of low cost, veneer is made, which in appearance imitates elite varieties of wood. The effect is achieved by pressing veneer sheets into blocks and further cutting into sheets.