Locking threaded connections and its types

Where are fishing stoppers used?

3.1 Feeder equipment

One of the important points in feeder fishing is not to miss a bite, which is sometimes problematic, since heavy feeders are used in feeder installation. To catch the most delicate bite, you need to equip your rod with sensitive rigging, which means you need to use a shock absorber in the form of an elastic band. In order to prevent the shock absorber from stretching in the feeder rig, it is fixed on the fishing line with a silicone stopper or cambric.

3.3 Stoppers in carp equipment

In carp fishing, fishing stoppers take an active part, especially in hair installation.

Silicone stopper (any shape) that attaches to one side of the fishing leash. Its function is to fix the attachment and prevent it from moving towards the carp hook. Otherwise, the installation will not be effective. Then the boilie inserted behind the stopper is fixed with another, special stopper.

Stoppers for boilies are:

• for hard (stiff) boilies with thin "petals";

for soft baits - with large petals that prevent the stopper from entering the inside of the boilie;
floating hooks that give the nozzle neutral or positive buoyancy;

stoppers, shaped like corn kernels with hooks, which are mounted in a boilie.

maybe a stopper and such a shape.

All stoppers come in a variety of shapes and vibrant colors to match the color palette of the boilies and serve as an appetizing beacon for fish. The size range is also varied. Manufacturing material - plastic.

With his own hands, every angler can make a stopper for boilies using a small piece of plastic tube. An empty rod from a ballpoint pen, a piece of rubber or even a thin rubber band, which is used to bandage money, can also be used as a stopper.

It is also worth mentioning the role of the stopper in other aspects of carp fishing. These small accessories can also do a good job in attaching the leash to the carp hook, where corn grains are strung onto the left leash tail, which are fixed with the same silicone stoppers: from the bottom - special carp, and from the top - rubber.

How to make a cultivator heavier with your own hands

Owners of low-power cultivators equipped with an electric motor (for example, the Garden M 750 ET, PATRIOT ELEKTRA 1000 or HYUNDAI T 1810E soil cutter) face such a problem that when passing through an area with hard or medium-dense soil, the mini-cultivator jumps and does not cope with the delivered task.

To make the manual plowing unit heavier, craftsmen install foam blocks or a 5-liter bottle filled with sand on top of the body. Such modernization will help the mini-cultivator to effectively cultivate a small summer cottage, but it will become more difficult for the operator to operate it.

Wheel types

First you need to figure out what types of wheels for a walk-behind tractor generally exist. Since the technique is used in a variety of farming processes, the equipment may vary. This also applies to pneumatic wheels, because a good result and ease of use also depends on the right components.

It is important to note that ordinary car wheels from "Oka", "Niva" or "Moskvich" cannot be put on the walk-behind tractor. All options below are larger and heavier

It would be more correct to compare them with ATV kits, although they do not always have the right size.

Pneumatic.This option can be supplied for arable work and for removing roots from the soil. In appearance, these are large wheels, with a diameter of 40 cm and a width of 20 cm. The pattern on the tread must be rough so that the walk-behind tractor works well on the soil. Often this option comes standard and is renowned for its durability. However, if they become unusable, then you should immediately look for a replacement.

Traction. The popular name for these wheels is a herringbone. All because of the pronounced pattern on their rubber. This look is also versatile and suitable for lug or standard transport solutions. For example, they are often used by snow blowers. Traction tires for a walk-behind tractor are also reliable in everyday life.

• Solid (most often made of rubber). One-piece configurations are ideal for stony ground. They allow the walk-behind tractor to move faster on such terrain and do not deteriorate after the first use. Of the minuses, they are really very heavy, so it's not so easy to transfer them. Similar tires are suitable for MTZ series motoblocks and diesel equipment.
• Metallic. The last variation is suitable for clay soil. The thing is that, unlike the previous wheels, these have steel teeth. This, of course, makes the technique heavier, but in soft ground they do their job perfectly. In another way, metal teeth are also called lugs.

As for general recommendations, when choosing what to wear your walk-behind tractor, pay attention to the front wheel. It is supporting and in the process of use absorbs the entire mechanism

This helps to extend the service life and improve the quality of work.

In general, such a classification of pneumatic wheels is used not only for a walk-behind tractor, but also for trailers or other tools from the same category. So you can safely use it, because to maintain the durability of all equipment, the farmer's assortment should include both a trailer and a walk-behind tractor.

Locking with cotter pins

The fixing of the fasteners can be carried out using specially selected cotter pins. This is a metal mount made of wire. The design is in the form of a rod with a semicircular head. Fastening is done by unclamping the ends of the cotter pin. With the help of a cotter pin, the bolt, screw, and stud are installed in the required position. A hole is drilled in them that can pass the cotter pin. It should fill the hole fairly freely. Slight application of force is allowed. Further, after inserting it, the edges are bent, providing a reliable fixation.

State standards

The system for choosing the required method is determined by the accepted state, industry standards and is set out in the Unified System for Design Documentation (ESKD). It includes:

• ESKD Thread image (GOST 2.311-68);
• industry standard (OST) 39502-77 (defines the methods, parameters and capabilities of various types of fastening);
• all fasteners are specified in GOST 27017-86.

Each type of screw fixing has its own standard. For example, the choice of a spring washer is made on the basis of GOST 6402-70.

Consequently, all threaded connections of GOST ESKD are locked on the basis of guidelines. A unified system of design documentation allows you to determine the existing ways to prevent disconnections and select the necessary parts to solve these problems.

How to install the undercarriage on a cultivator with your own hands

Consider how to make wheels for a walk-behind tractor. Craftsmen offer the following homemade products:

1. For impassable terrain (swampy area, snowy ground), iron lugs are suitable. Automotive, all-terrain and snowmobile products can be used. The winter version will not allow using the unit for transporting snow, clearing snow from a summer cottage, transporting goods over different distances.
2. Zhiguli wheels for a walk-behind tractor are considered the best modification option. They have a sufficient disc diameter, and the conversion is carried out using a welding machine that is easy to use. Moreover, Zhiguli tires are better suited than pneumatic wheels for a walk-behind tractor. The latter are quite difficult to find on a model that was discontinued at the manufacturing plant, and ordering new ones via the Internet is expensive and impractical.
3. Products can be independently assembled from several disks by creating a new modification with weights.
4. You can put wheels for the Neva walk-behind tractor, which are large in size, excellent cross-country ability, and a long service life.

The chassis of the Zhiguli has a number of advantages:

1. It does not change under the influence of the work performed, so it can be used for a long time and almost constantly.
2. An axle shaft is installed on the inside for greater maneuverability. This part must be welded to the plate, in which holes must be made for the bolts. They will be needed to connect the axis with the guides that are installed on the product.
3. A special protective cap is installed on the outside.
4. Good grip will be provided by the winter version of the rubber. In this case, you can only use tires from Niva without cameras.

It is not difficult to install such large wheels on a walk-behind tractor with your own hands, and if necessary, you can remove and attach to an all-terrain vehicle or a small tractor, which is often used by farmers in agriculture. To improve the running of the machine, weights or weights are installed on its undercarriage. This significantly increases the level of adhesion to the soil.

Lugs will help out, which are of a special type by design, which have maximum adhesion to the soil. This is achieved through the installation of thorns, which are deeply embedded in the soil. Such products are made independently. As a basis, you can take the chassis from the Zhiguli or Neva.

The alteration process takes place in several stages:

1. Attach a semi-axle.
2. Remove the tires as you don't need rubber for the hooks.
3. Weld metal spike teeth, which will be responsible for adhesion to the soil. They are installed in the form of strips that are welded diagonally, or in the form of thorns located in several rows. The distance between the hooks should not be less than 15 cm.
4. Attach the structure to the rim with bolts.
5. Change discs, for which you need to unscrew the fasteners.

To create lugs on a walk-behind tractor, you need such details as:

• old wheels from the car, it is possible without rubber;
• a corner of steel, from which it is necessary to make teeth-hooks;
• bolts;
• steel thick squares;
• metal or traction wheels are best for creating lugs.

If it becomes necessary to use in the country not only a cultivator with an improved chassis, but a mini-tractor, then you need to create a special frame. To do this, larger products are installed on the cultivator, and a support wheel for the walk-behind tractor is also installed. At home, you can create an economical version of a small all-terrain vehicle on which products from a VAZ car or a pair of double Zhiguli products with lugs will stand. Such a machine will be easy to drive off-road, work in the field, in swamps. At the same time, the undercarriage of all-terrain motoblocks should be equipped not only with large wide products, but also with special body kits. The frame of the equipment must be raised so that it is convenient to move around on the cultivator. For this, it is worth installing large wheels.

What is it and what is it for?

Cotter pins, as a type of fastener, are standard hardware products. They are widely used in a wide variety of designs, devices and installations. It should be noted that their main task is to securely fix the axles and nuts. Splinting works according to the principle of a quick-lock mechanism.These hardware, used for fastening individual parts of walk-behind tractors, snow blowers augers and even for assembling furniture, are very easy to install and dismantle.

Externally, a cotter pin is a small wire rod that has been bent in half. It has a semicircular cross-section and fits into an appropriately sized round hole. The latter can be done in an axle, shaft, bolt or nut. In the place where the cotter pin is bent, there is a small eyelet that prevents it from slipping. After installing the fastening element, its ends, which have different lengths, are spread in different directions and bent.

Considering the features and performance of this type of fastening device, it is necessary to pay attention to their difference from the pins. First of all, the latter are made in the form of a rod having a cylindrical or conical shape

By and large, a pin is a nail that does not have a head. In the overwhelming majority of cases, such latches are inserted into holes that go through all the connected elements of a structure or mechanism. So, the pin in the form of a cylinder of increased diameter is pressed into the bore with force, which provides a reliable frictional connection due to the elasticity of the material.

Pins are used in situations where strict fixing of structural elements in relation to each other is required under light loads. Often, in this case, additional transversely placed cotter pins are installed, which ensure a reliable connection and prevent the pins from falling out during vibration.

In practice, two types of devices under consideration are most often used - spring and extension. Moreover, the latter are the most common due to their reliability, simplicity of design and the possibility of self-production. The spring cotter pin in the form of a zigzag is a little folding in operation, but at the same time it is not less reliable.

These hardware have proven their effectiveness in situations where it is required to protect loose screw or bolted connections from axial displacement under external influences. At the same time, spring models are more relevant for increased loads. In this case, we are talking about units of construction equipment, including lifting mechanisms, as well as brake systems for bicycles. Typically, spring cotter pins are additionally secured to prevent slipping and loss.

In mechanical engineering, the described devices are widely used as plugs and retaining fasteners. However, they can be found in everyday life, almost at every step. Gym equipment is a prime example. Another type of cotter pins, namely, quick-release ones, are widely used in the agricultural sector.

Taking into account all of the above, it is possible to conditionally determine the scope of application of cotter pins of different types. And in this case we are talking about the following areas.

• Cars, motor vehicles, watercraft and bicycle equipment.
• Mechanical engineering.
• Manufacture of metal structures.
• Agriculture.
• Crafts.

It is important to take into account that the installation of cotter pins does not provide for the transfer of energy. The list of modern hardware products includes a sufficient number of elements, such as, for example, lock nuts

However, even the highest quality ones weaken over time and under the influence of vibration. Prevention of such phenomena is the main task of the cotter pin. However, it is worth considering the applied force, which, at peak loads, can destroy the entire structure.

How to make paired wheels for a walk-behind tractor?

If the operation of the walk-behind tractor is most often carried out in very difficult conditions, then in such a situation you cannot do without double wheels. They show the highest flotation, have excellent soil stability in mountainous terrain, and do not slip even in the most viscous soil.The production of double elements is carried out in the following order:

• Find the right wheels and tires first;
• Carefully cut small protectors on them;
• Take pieces of steel, weld squares from them, measuring 25 × 25 cm, and set them in the center of the rim;
• After welding, you need to install a second rim, and get a product that looks like a vase;
• At the end, you need to install tires on the interconnected rims.

It is quite easy to make paired parts. The main thing is to find in advance the rims of the same size so that both finished wheels are exactly the same.

3.4 Stoppers for silicone lures

Silicone lures used in jig fishing with their reusable use, even with an ideal appearance, begin to fly off the offset hook on casts. For reliable fixation and prolongation of their life, stoppers are used.

For example, you can use such a stopper-lock

Its installation is simple: the sharp part is threaded into the body of the silicone bait. The only thing is, if the silicone bait is very soft, then it is better not to use this type of limiter, since the silicone will simply break apart.

A stopper for silicone baits can be made with your own hands from any available means: rubber bands, a piece of a bicycle camera, O-rings for a car, etc. Homemade products are attached under the front of the body of the bait on.

3.5 Stoppers for fastening weights

The weight is fixed, especially in heavy installations, by knitting. This method will often twist the fishing line. Manufacturers of fishing accessories have taken care and put on sale sliding weights paired with cambric. Such a "duo" is capable of coping with many "tangled" problems. The fixing of the sliding weight is done with cambric, and less often with locking knots.

Fixation of sliding loads with locking knots

And this is how the load is fixed with a silicone stopper

How to make the lugs heavier for the walk-behind tractor

To perform work on viscous clay or loamy soil, metal lugs are installed on the walk-behind tractor instead of wheels. In order to maintain the required plowing depth, it is necessary to make the machine heavier by hanging loads on the chassis of the unit.

If factory weights are used as weights and their weight is not enough, auxiliary ones can be used together with them.
Make weighting materials yourself:

• modernize lugs by welding metal pancakes;
• make concrete weighting agents (the procedure here is similar to the method of making weights for pneumatic wheels, only as a mold for casting, you need to take a pan with straight walls and a flat bottom, or a cut metal barrel of a suitable diameter);
• flywheels from the engine of a VAZ 2106 "Zhiguli" car are well suited as a load, one for each wheel;
• pick up pulleys from agricultural machinery for disassembly, suitable in diameter.

What is a fishing stopper

The fishing stopper is another accessory whose importance is not even disputed by anglers, as it is used in the assembly of many fishing tackle. What are fishing stoppers for? The main mission for which the stopper was invented is to restrict sliding along a fishing line (monofilament, braided, etc.) of elements such as a float, a weight or a fishing leash, that is, with the help of this stopper, we set the required amplitude to the elements of the equipment. moving along the fishing line or completely restricting it in movement and fixing it in the right place on a dull

What are fishing stoppers for? The main mission, for which the stopper was invented, is to restrict sliding on a fishing line (monofilament, braided, etc.) of such elements as a float, a weight or a fishing leash,that is, with the help of this clamp, we set the required amplitude to the elements of the equipment in their movement along the fishing line, or completely limit them in movement and fix them in the right place on a dull.

Retainer function in the equipment chain:

1. Pass freely through the rings of the rod.
2. Be fixed on the line so that the nozzle clearly lowers to the desired depth.
3. Move along the fishing line if the depth of the equipment elements changes.
4. Attach securely to the line.

What should be the stopper for fishing:

1. Dense.
2. Elastic.
3. High quality.
4. No external flaws.

These characteristics are important. So, having no density, the rubber (silicone) stopper will not hold on to the line and will slip off, for example, under the influence of the weight of the float. The elasticity of the stopper is necessary for comfortable movement along the line, so as not to cause unnecessary tension. The quality of the stopper is not an unimportant factor, since this accessory, like other fishing items, is subject to natural factors such as water, sun, etc. A poor-quality stopper, under the influence of sunlight, can simply crumble at the most inopportune moment for the angler.

Stopping with wire

Wire locking is permitted on the basis of the approved standard. This principle is called strapping. It has two ways to commit:

• locking nut and bolt together;
• fixing the nut or bolt to the body of the part.

To implement this method, through holes are drilled in the heads of bolts or fixed nuts, through which the steel wire is passed. They are drilled perpendicular to the surface of the part to be fixed. Each piece is wrapped (tied) with wire, clamping them in the required position. GOST allows locking of one structural element or several, creating a single strapping system. The use of simultaneous locking of a group of nuts or bolts can increase the reliability of the entire structure. Increasing the reliability is achieved by drilling three holes. Oversized nuts are tied through six holes. The result is a stepless angular fixation.

Otherwise, spontaneous unwinding occurs, which causes weakening of the fastened structure.

Wheels for the Neva walk-behind tractor

To ensure excellent cross-country ability on all types of soil cover, resistance to unevenness of the surface and guarantee a long service life, it is necessary to correctly use the walking unit of the walk-behind tractor and observe careful care of its wheels.

Due to the correct operation of the wheels of the walk-behind tractor, working with it becomes more comfortable, easy and safe.

There is no wear on the wheels

No wear on wheels:

They are any kind of sorrow

Grind into powder.

For the Neva walk-behind tractor, like for any other walk-behind tractors, the use of two types of wheels is characteristic - pneumatic and metal.

Pneumatic wheels

Rubber wheels for the Neva walk-behind tractor contain in their kit a motorcycle tire, a camera, a hub and a disc. In addition, axle extensions are attached to the Neva.

Wheels on the walk-behind tractor are installed on the gearbox shaft of the walk-behind tractor. The wheels are installed so that the spikes are located with their top (herringbone) in the direction of travel.

Wheel bushings are fixed to the gearbox shaft with spring stoppers (clamps), which are included in the walk-behind tractor.

To prevent slipping of pneumatic wheels under heavy load, it is recommended to install additional weights on the walk-behind tractor. To increase the stability of the machine when working on uneven ground, sometimes the wheels are changed to higher ones.

Reliable and long-term operation of the Neva walk-behind tractor very significantly depends on the condition of the pneumatic wheels. Despite the fact that the special shape of the tread provides self-cleaning of the wheels when working on wet soil, it is still necessary to periodically clean them from dirt and foreign objects stuck between the lugs.

It is necessary to constantly monitor the pressure in rubber tires and maintain it at the required level.Do not allow the walk-behind tractor to operate with prolonged slipping of the driving wheels and with low tire pressure.

The Russian industry produces four models of traction tires with a herringbone pattern. Here is their brief description:

1. Kama-421

Ultimate load, kgf - 160,

Outside diameter, mm - 570,

Tire profile width, mm - 155,

Weight, kg, no more than 6.9;

2.L-360

Outside diameter, mm - 475,

Ultimate load, kgf - 180,

Pressure at maximum load, kgf / cm2 - 1.52,

Weight, kg (no more) 4.6;

3. L - 355

Outside diameter, mm - 475,

Ultimate load, kgf - 180,

Pressure at maximum load, kgf / cm2 - 1.52,

Weight, kg (no more) 4.6;

4.L - 365

Outside diameter, mm - 425,

Ultimate load, kgf - 185,

Pressure at maximum load, kgf / cm2 - 2.24,

Weight, kg (no more) 3.6.

All these tires or, in another way, tires for walk-behind tractors can be equipped with 10 ″ 4.00x10 (Ant) “Petroshina” chambers.

Metal wheels

Metal wheels with grousers are used when it is necessary to increase the tractive effort of the walk-behind tractor, providing more traction with the ground. With walk-behind tractors, two types of such wheels are usually used.

The wide wheels are good for plowing, digging, hillers and for transporting on wet dirt roads. At the same time, it is very desirable to load such wheels with weights with a mass of about 20 kg per wheel.

Narrow but tall hilling wheels are widely used to increase ground clearance when hilling plants up to 25 cm in height without damage.

Universal metal wheels for the Neva walk-behind tractor (KUM N)

Designed to increase traction with the ground when performing various works using attachments on viscous and swampy soils. Increased grip is created by the curved metal studs welded to the wheels.

With a diameter of 70 cm, the width of the wheels is 11 cm. The weight of each wheel is 15 kg.

Arable wheels (lugs) DN-440 for the Neva walk-behind tractor

This type of arable wheels is also designed to be installed on the Neva walk-behind tractor when hilling, digging out root crops, weeding and plowing. These lugs guarantee excellent traction with the soil when working with any attachment.

In order to increase the traction parameters, additional weighting materials can be installed on the wheels, which are fixed through the holes on the axle or wheel plate.

It should be remembered that it is not allowed to move on metal wheels on concrete and asphalt roads, and possibly only on unpaved soil.

Do-it-yourself load on the wheels of the walk-behind tractor

The most common way to make the machine heavier is to put additional weights on the wheels. The discs, axle and hub are strong enough to support additional weight of up to 50 kg. You can make weighting materials for the Neva, Ugra, Cascade, Rusich, Nadezhda, Forza, Salute, Mole walk-behind tractor in various ways.

The first method is to manufacture the cargo from hollow steel drums.

The work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The metal barrel is cut by a grinder into 3 parts (the bottom and top should be 10-15 cm high - depending on the size of the walk-behind tractor).
2. The bottom and top parts are welded at the cut. The seam can be reinforced with a strip of metal.
3. 4-6 through holes for bolts are drilled in the workpiece, if necessary, they are reinforced with steel washers.
4. Hollow tanks are secured to the rims with long bolts and nuts.
5. Sand and granite chips or other loose material are poured inside the nozzles. Water is added to increase its density.
6. The lid is screwed on.

This weighted unit can be used in the most extreme conditions. When the additional load is no longer needed, it can be quickly removed, emptied and stored. It is advisable to always have pads with a walk-behind tractor in order to quickly make it heavier when the need arises.

The second method is the manufacture of removable weighting materials from steel. To do this, you need a hexagonal iron rod, the size of which matches the hole in the axle of the unit chassis. Additionally, you need to have 2 20-kg pancakes from the bar.

Subsequent work consists of the following stages:

1. 2 pieces of 5-6 cm long are cut from the profile.
2. The profile pieces are welded to the discs at the neck hole.
3. Through holes for cotter pins are made in the axis of the unit and in the profile.
4. The made weights cling to the walk-behind tractor and are fixed with cotter pins.

If there is a need for an additional increase in the weight of the wheel, then 10-kg pancakes from the bar can be welded to the linings. To give the wheel an aesthetic look, old clutch baskets from VAZ are welded to the weights. On top of the basket, paint is applied, the color of which suits the owner the most.

The third way to make the wheels heavier is to make an additional load of reinforced concrete. These loads are made in this way:

1. A flask is made of sand or gypsum, its walls and bottom are reinforced with cement mortar or liquid glass.
2. A three-dimensional frame is made from a sheet of steel and reinforcement, the center of which is a solid hexagon with a pre-drilled hole for a cotter pin.
3. Heavy concrete is made using fine granite crushed stone and lead filler.
4. The solution is poured into a mold, carefully compacted and leveled.
5. After gaining strength with concrete, its surface is treated with impregnation and painted.

For additional weighting of concrete nozzles, it is recommended to leave threaded embedded inserts.

In addition to the listed manufacturing methods, loads for a walk-behind tractor are made from:

• cement balancers from a washing machine;
• lead, by casting the desired shape;
• steel sheet and sand.

The last option is better to do not with native motoblock pneumatic wheels, but to take a couple of automobile wheels (for example, from Zhiguli), and modernize them. To do this, it is necessary to weld the hubs from the old wheels of the cultivator to them, and attach steel sheets to the sidewalls by welding. Sand is poured into the resulting cavity or a cement mixture is poured.