Operating rules
The quality and speed of work performance depends on the correct choice of the required device. The choice of the required device is influenced by the following parameters:
- purpose and scope of use;
- frequency of use and scope of planned work;
- type of food;
- price range;
- availability of quality certificates;
- country of manufacture;
- ease of use and ergonomics.
When working with a grinding machine, professional craftsmen recommend following the following sequence:
- connection to a power supply;
- performing reliable holding of the tool;
- turning on the device;
- warming up and set of revolutions;
- surface treatment.
After completing the work, it is imperative to clean the device and lubricate all working parts. For a complete collection of dust, it is necessary to regularly revise the dust collector.
To replace parts, you must choose products from one manufacturer.
For long-term storage of the device, use only warm rooms with good ventilation.
When working with an electrical appliance, it is imperative to use personal protective equipment and observe safety rules that will help avoid injury and damage to the tool.
It will not be superfluous to list the most common types of breakdowns of electric brush grinding tools and ways to eliminate them:
- oxidation of copper plates in carbon brushes - surface treatment with a rubber eraser;
- violation of the integrity of the winding - removing the deformed part and installing a new one;
- breakage of buttons control of the device - installation of new structural elements;
- deformation of rotor bearings and bevel gears - installation of new parts.
The time range for free elimination of defects is set independently by the manufacturer or seller. This service will not be provided if the defects were caused by improper operation, transportation or storage. When contacting the seller to solve the problem with the tool, it is imperative to provide him with all documents, receipts and receipts that confirm the purchase of the goods from him. The name of the service organization is indicated in the passport of the device.
To perform high-quality polishing, cleaning and grinding of various surfaces, modern manufacturers produce a huge range of grinding tools, which are widely used not only by professional builders, but also by home craftsmen. These devices significantly reduce the period of work and improve its quality.
Before shopping, you need to study all the features of this device and be sure to consult with professional builders.
Beginners should understand that a high-quality electrical device cannot have a low price.
For a detailed video review of the brush sander, see below.
Types of grinders
The use of grinding tools, despite the name, is not limited to grinding alone. Different types of machines are also capable of stripping off old paint before applying a new one, and polishing microscopic irregularities - for example, on a varnished surface. Let's consider the most common types and their area of use.
Belt (LShM)
It uses two rollers on which the abrasive belt is rolled up in a ring.
The bottom plane of the tool is placed on the surface to be treated, and the belt, rotating, grinds it.
The area of application of belt sanders is grinding of large surfaces. To achieve a good result, you need to move the tool evenly over the surface and make sure that the tape is tightly and without distortions against it.
There is a separate subspecies of LShM - a tape file. These machines have a long and thin work surface, and outwardly they resemble an electric saw. Such models are used for grinding and polishing recesses and hard-to-reach places.
Surface grinding (vibration)
Due to such a small vibration, the desired effect is achieved.
Like LSHM, this variety is used on large flat surfaces, but not for rough, but more often for fine, final grinding. Due to the design, it is more difficult to damage the part with such a tool during processing.
Eccentric (orbital)
The shape and size of the working platform of the orbital machine allows processing curved surfaces or complex parts. But there are also disadvantages: with such a tool it is impossible to process corners and those parts of the surface that are adjacent to the walls.
Corner
Angle grinders (angle grinders) are more often used for processing and cutting metal parts, but it can also be used to grind wood. Of course, we are talking only about a rough initial grinding, since the construction of angle grinders is not designed for a tight and precise fit to the surface. But with such a work that does not require great accuracy, the angle machine will cope much faster than others.
The same machines are called angular because the axis of rotation of the working surface is at right angles to the body. The huge number of different attachments makes this tool truly multitasking, which explains its popularity.
Deltoid
The design of these machines is similar to surface grinders. They differ in their smaller size (and, accordingly, power) and the triangular shape of the work sole. This tool is suitable for working inside corners and other hard-to-reach areas.
For convenience, the platform of the deltoid machine is often rotated.
Application of machine tools
All three stages of finishing can be performed on special grinding machines or using other electrical equipment: grinding machines for flat or corner surfaces. There are homemade brushing machines. It is difficult and costly to make a full-fledged machine with your own hands, working as a thicknessing machine, so they use the same grinder with several metal and nylon nozzles.
Full mechanization of work makes sense for large volumes of wood that require brushing. In such a situation, investments in the purchase and operation of units will pay off. The usual types of home repair and construction work can be quite successfully done with a grinder, available to every master.
Brush grinders
The brush grinder is a professional tool. It is used to polish, clean and grind various materials. Using a special mandrel shaft, various polishing and grinding attachments can be installed on the unit.
In addition, the unit can be fitted with a cylindrical nylon brush.
The brushing attachment allows you to structure the wood, that is, to artificially give it an aging effect, choosing softer and looser layers of wood, leaving dense ones.
Thanks to this treatment, the surface of the wood becomes embossed and changes color.
The essence of brushing
The trunks of trees have a multilayer structure, which, when cut, forms a peculiar pattern of fibers of different thicknesses and directions.Brushing, which is sometimes called stitching due to a lack of understanding of the essence of the issue, is the grinding of a wood surface with brushes using special tools or equipment. The term comes from the word brush in English. The process has nothing to do with brochures, which should be taken into account in colloquial speech.
Thanks to the brushing tool, more or less fiber is selectively removed from the surface of the lumber, a patterned relief is created. You can enhance the aging effect by toning or staining wood cuts. Decorative processing with brushes fixed, for example, on a grinder, is used for finishing the following wooden structures:
- flights of stairs;
- floor coverings;
- external parts of furniture;
- interior elements of premises.
The best effect is achieved when brushing larch, various types of spruce, oak. Wood with fine grains, like cherry, birch, maple, oak, does not form a beautiful pattern when sanding with metal and nylon brushes used as attachments for a grinder or other tool. Even pre-firing or chemical treatment of such materials does not provide a layered effect.
2> Surface painting
Depending on the wishes of the customer, paint or varnishes are applied to the tree. Many people prefer coatings with silver or gold pigments, counting on the strong fixation of shiny particles in the depth of the wood relief. If the paint is applied correctly, glare will appear on the wooden product under sunlight.
Some consumers like dark, deeply cracked surfaces that are patinated with special stains. Lightened ridges of fibrous reliefs look especially impressive on a darkened background. Painting is usually carried out with brushes or a sponge, carefully observing the condition of the surface. If the fibers rise during the application of paints and varnishes, it means that the polishing process was carried out poorly and must be repeated again.
> With careful brushing, you can get beautiful wood products through simple procedures using a grinder or other tools with brushes.
Scope of use
Thanks to the grinder, you can perform a wide variety of jobs:
- process rough coatings;
- cut the material exactly according to the markup;
- level the surface, grind and polish it;
- carry out a delicate finish;
- give the required shape, including rounded.
The most modern models have a number of additional options.
The possibilities of a stationary installation allow it to be used for sharpening flat tools and other cutting surfaces
However, in this case, you must work extremely carefully, trying not to come into contact with the moving belt.
Grinding depth control - this function is desirable for those who are just starting to get acquainted with the grinder. There is a so-called "bounding box" system that controls the cutting parameters.
Ability to sand close to perpendicular surfaces - these models have flat side parts or additional rollers that allow you to completely forget about the "dead zone"
More precisely, it will still remain, but it will be only a couple of millimeters.
Stages of work and applied tools
To give a relief structure to the wood surface, you need a special set of brush products with fibers of different density and hardness.
The first stage of processing
At the first stage, a brush with a hard pile made of steel alloys or brass is used. The thickness of the villi differs significantly from product to product.It is necessary to choose a brush in which the diameter of each metal hair will be approximately 10 times thinner than the diameter of the soft fiber of the treated wood. Straight bristles of the brushes remove loose components from wood well, which are cut with metal scissors to increase the efficiency of brushing before attaching to the adapter.
Twin brushes can be used if required, providing much greater speed and efficiency. If the fibers intended to remove soft wood fibers are rounded, the process will be worse.
Working with a nylon brush
At the end of the first stage of processing, the wood surface has a rough, rough appearance. To give a decorative effect, leveling all excess relief, nylon brushes are used for brushing woodmounted on a grinder. They are commercially available in a wide range.
Nylon fibers differ in length, density, number or absence of abrasive particles pressed into the polymer
If abrasive grains are fixed on a nylon base, it is imperative to pay attention to their grain size, hardness and compare the characteristics of the brush for brushing with the density and structure of the wood.
> Most commonly commercially available nylon products with stiffness numbers ranging from 120 to 600. Values 120, 180 and 240 are ideal for hardwoods; products with the numbers 400 and 600 in the marking must be purchased for brushing soft wood lumber.
Craftsmen with extensive experience in working with a grinder improve the surface treatment technology, use not one, but several nylon brushes. Sometimes, in order to save money, they buy polymer brushes for brushing, previously used, fix them at the same time on the adapter of the grinder. A similar technique can also be used when applying new products, however, it will cost much more.
Thanks to the extended area of the fibers of several brushes mounted on the rotating shaft of the grinder, it is possible to thoroughly perform a large amount of work in a short time.
Nylon hairline can be fixed on a metal or polymer base. Experience shows that the plastic disc of the base of the brush creates fewer prerequisites for breaking the hairs, ensures their flexibility, so these products last longer.
3> Finish grinding
After two stages of processing, the wood must be slightly dried, and then the formation of the decorative surface is completed with brushes with hairs made of wool or sisal. If the master prefers manual work at the final stage without the use of a grinder, it can be done with emery cloths with fine abrasive grains. At the end of a competently carried out brushing, the surface will acquire a perfectly smooth, beautiful appearance.
