Mine self-rescuers: how to use a self-rescuer in a mine? Types, isolating and other options, safety rules when using the device

Filter self-rescuers

The popularity of these self-rescuers is due to their simple design. They don't have additional cylinders. The hood is completely ready for action and can be used even by children up to seven years old. The self-rescuer is compact and easy to use. However, their significant disadvantage is one-time use.

Unlike insulating self-rescuers, the filter element in this device cleans the outside air from harmful impurities and does not produce oxygen itself. Therefore, the use of filtering PPE in an environment with a breathable air content of less than 17% is not allowed.

The most common brands among filter media are the Phoenix, Chance, GDZK rescue hood. They are deservedly widely used not only for fires, but also in the event of terrorist acts and man-made accidents with the release of toxic, volatile substances. However, they do not help much in the case of strong smoke, and are not used in case of a large fire.

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0 REFERENCES 389799 INVENTIONS FOR AUTHOR'S CERTIFICATE Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Videtelstvo Dependent on L 7.1 0 M. Claimed on 25.X, 1971 (1707754.40-23) with application attached Priority Published 11.711.1973. Bullet Date of publication of the description State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Inventions and Discoveries DK 623.447.2 (088.8 ny30, X 11.1973 re-invention of I. Artemenko, M. G, Danilevsky, Y. it AHEAL SELF-RESCUE with self-rescue silis, starting-inlet with “2 breaths and an element, driven by mines On the drawing of self-rescue Sasmospasate, hose 1 with corrugation 2 from the valve cage to with body 4, shown with a valve holder, The invention relates to mine self-rescuers designed to simulate work and repeated use in training workers in coal and ore mines. , tso oci are disposable devices and are included in the emergency set of mines and mine s, Usually self-rescuers are used for training exercises, rejected for leaks and after the expiration of the warranty period. The number of such self-rescuers for training is not enough, 15 For the purpose of repeated use of training in the proposed mine satellite, the regenerative cartridge is filled with a cathelle filler and is made in the form of a valve with a lever-type drive, and the bottom bag is connected to the valve and is equipped with a compressible elastic drive 5 , retainer b, start head 7 and inlet valve 8 of the trigger device. At the exit from the housing 4, an exhalation valve 9 and a breathing bag 10 are installed, which has an excess valve 11 of the tension action with a hole 12 for etching and an elastic element compressing the bag 13. The work of the self-rescuer for ( Turns on as follows: Press the start head 7, then take the mouthpiece into your mouth, open valve 8, which allows you to start breathing in self-rescue. heats up, and then enters the lungs through hose 1. This is how the triggering device is triggered, draining and heating of the exhaled air, as well as the resistance to breathing. When inhaling, air through the hose 1 through the body 4, the exhalation valve 9, enters the breathing bag 10 c inflates it. On the next inhalation, the valve 9 will close, and the air of the bag 10 under the action of the elastic element 13 is released through the hole 12. This simulates the pulsation of the bag and the resistance to exhalation. Mine self-propeller, sodsrzhashchts building with a hose attached to it from 3 89799 left body S, Schekotikhi Tehred T. Kurilko Novoselov edak rectors: O.Kudinova 4 M. Leizermanakaz 3274 / 4TSNIIP Iz 1935 of the State Committee for Inventions and Moscow, Zh. 35, Raushskaya odpisnoe Printing house, Sapunova ave. that, for the purpose of repeated use during training, the regenerative cartridge in it is filled with silica gel filler and is made with a starting device in the form of a valve at the inlet with a LEVER-BUTTON ACTUATOR, and the breathing bag is connected to the exhalation valve and is equipped with an elastic element that reduces it ... Tgiragk 496 of the Council of Minisotrynab., D, 4/5

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"CHANCE" FOR SURVIVAL

“First of all, it is necessary for residents of high-rise apartment buildings to think about purchasing a self-rescuer,” says Pavlov. - It is imperative that such funds are available in crowded places: in hotels, shelters for the elderly and centers for orphans.

A personal self-rescuer and an office employee will not interfere, especially if he works in a large multi-storey building

Choosing a self-rescuer, it is better to pay attention to the proven models: GDZK (gas and smoke protection kit) and "Chance" - both belong to the filter type, are universal and easy to use.

GDZK will provide protection to a person at temperatures from 0 to 60 degrees for 35 minutes, retain its protective properties even at 200 degrees, however, it will last no more than a minute, and will hold out in an open flame for several seconds. Standard equipment includes: fireproof hood with viewing window, half mask, exhalation valve, filter box, adjustable headband, sealed bag and bag with instructions for use. Its cost is about 3000 rubles, weight - 0.8 kg.

However, the “Chance” self-rescuer is more popular, especially its modification “Chance-E”. It is a highly effective protective product weighing only 0.6 kg. The main plus is the very simple process of putting on the mask due to its elasticity and the system of self-adjusting fastenings. "Chance-E" is a protection against 30 types of combustion products for a period of more than 30 minutes. The price of a self-rescuer depends on the modification: the simplest one is 2,500 rubles, and the reinforced one is 2,900 rubles. Experts also emphasize that the protective properties of the “Chance-E” self-rescuer are twice as long as the GOST requirements.

on a note

After the expiration of the protective action time, the efficiency of the filtering self-rescuer begins to decrease gradually, but is not interrupted immediately, in contrast to the isolating self-rescuer.

There is no need to undergo special training in the use of self-rescuers: it is enough to study the instructions.

Self-rescuers can be purchased at any specialized store, the most important thing is that they must be certified.

What does GDZK save from?

According to fire safety standards 302-2001, it reliably protects the respiratory organs of people from the penetration of toxic substances, the concentration of which in the air reaches a lethal level. Such substances include hydrogen chloride (released when burning wood), hydrogen cyanide (released when burning plastic), carbon oxide and dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, ammonia, mercury vapor, formaldehyde, cyclohexane, chlorine, ethylene oxides, radioactive iodine vapor, sulfur oxides , aerosols of unknown origin (smoke, fog, dust, spraying of biohazardous substances).

According to the requirements of the rules of the fire regime, it is recommended to purchase GDZK-U (universal gas and smoke protection kit), the shelf life of which is no more than 5 years, is recommended for the following categories of premises:

objects where a mass stay of people is envisaged (more than 10 people);
residential high-rise buildings;
high-rise administrative buildings;
offices, banks, hospitals with inpatient stay of patients;
educational institutions (kindergartens, schools, boarding schools, institutions of additional education, institutions of secondary and higher education).

Thanks to numerous studies, it is allowed to use the universal gas and smoke protection kit GDZK-U during evacuation at a nuclear power plant, in case of fires and emissions of emergency chemically hazardous elements.

The use of self-rescuers

The instructions for using the self-rescuer contain a detailed description of how to use a specific model of a gas mask. But there are several general recommendations and tips.

When is it preferable to use insulating type self-rescuers.

At a low concentration of breathable air - less than 17%.
The need to carry out work in case of fire in closed rooms.
At high concentrations of toxic compounds in the air (more than 1%).
Most models can be used underwater.
Light weight and compactness allows you to constantly carry the device with you if there is a possibility of a dangerous situation.
Data on the composition and concentration of OHV allow the use of gas masks of this type without the risk of damaging the mucous membranes, eyes and the open area of the head.
A sufficient concentration of oxygen in the ambient air for breathing.
The time for leaving the danger zone does not exceed the maximum operating time of the self-rescuer.
Filter self-rescuers are not used in case of severe fire.

Under what conditions is it recommended to use a filtering self-rescuer:

The main task when activating the self-rescuer is to do it quickly and accurately. For personal safety, read the instructions in advance. To move the hood to the active position, remove it by opening the sealed package. Insert your hands into an elasticated hole or collar. Stretch it out and slide it over your head. The filter element should be in front, and located opposite the respiratory system.

Tuck your hair inside the hood. Make sure that your clothes are out of the way and that the hood is snug against your neck. Tighten the adjusting straps and elastic to the correct size.

Self-rescuers and their elements have an expiration date, make sure that the devices are always ready for use. Check the tightness of the packaging and the serviceability of filters and cylinders at least once a year.

Terms of use

It is necessary to be included in the mine self-rescuer when holding your breath. Taking the device itself, put the shoulder strap around your neck as quickly as possible. The self-rescue device is pressed against one side. Sharply open the lock in this position and discard the cover of the case. Next, they take a mouthpiece with their mouths, laying the plates in the gap between the gums and lips.

The nose is closed with a special clip. The first exhalation is done as energetically as possible. You must continue to breathe at your usual pace. The shoulder strap is tightened to prevent the mouthpiece from pulling out of the mouth with the corrugated tube.

There are special safety requirements when using mine self-rescuers. It is not allowed to take the strap of the case lock with your hands.

It doesn't matter if they just want to pick up the self-rescue device or move it. Protect such equipment from shock and shock.

It is worth remembering that even chemically bound oxygen dramatically increases the risk of fire, and burn-through may occur upon contact with power sources.

Forbidden:

leave and keep the self-rescuer near heating, heat-emitting devices;
wash it with water;
use as a support, seat, stand;
leave and transfer to someone, except in cases of direct struggle for life;
use a self-rescuer with damaged seals.

Application area

Personal protective equipment self-rescuer "Chance-E" is used in various situations where there is a danger of poisoning by harmful chemicals in the air.

Execution of evacuation measures.In a smoky room, the device is put on the head and a lighted lantern is picked up. It should be used in any situation where visibility is reduced to 10 m. During evacuation through fires, in addition to the “Chance-E” self-rescuer, it is necessary to put on a fireproof cape, and this must be done over the head.
Search and rescue of people. Prior to the arrival of a professional fire brigade, it is necessary to take urgent measures to rescue people from the lesion. The protective device worn by the rescuer will help to carry the injured and protect them from exposure to toxic substances. A protective device can also be put on the injured person if you have an optional kit.
Elimination of the causes and consequences of an emergency. Before the arrival of the fire service, you can try to take feasible actions aimed at suppressing the source of fire or chemical pollution. A protective device will also be necessary in the event that people have to work to eliminate a fire or other situation that led to an emergency.
Assistance to the fire service. To provide assistance to people arriving to extinguish the fire, it is necessary to use a protective device and escort them to the fire site by the shortest possible route in order to shorten the search time for victims. Sometimes it is required to provide firefighters with access to enclosed spaces, and the Chance-E self-rescuer will again come in handy to solve this problem.