How to plow a garden with a motor-cultivator with your own hands?

What is it for

Soil cultivation is a popular form of cultivation. Let's consider what is the main purpose of this demanded agrotechnical technique:

This is an excellent seedbed preparation. With the help of cultivation, the land is carefully prepared for further work.
In the long term, this method of cultivating the soil provides an ideal balance of particulate matter and air pores. Through the latter, you can get not only moisture, but also the necessary nutrients.
Thanks to competently done cultivation, carried out in accordance with all the requirements, the root systems of plants can develop much faster and more actively.
Even with a slight movement of the soil, all beneficial microorganisms that feed the soil are activated.
Due to the correct cultivation process, the soil subsequently warms up faster. Thanks to this feature, the summer resident can significantly save his free time. This factor is especially significant when it comes to early spring.

Cultivation is carried out so that the planted seeds germinate quickly and without problems, without experiencing difficulties.
By resorting to cultivation, the owner of his own garden has the opportunity to get rid of weeds. This agronomic procedure is used to cut the rhizomes of weeds.
If you need herbicide treatment or the application of suitable fertilization in large areas, then a dumping technique can be a win-win solution.
Cultivation is an excellent method of cultivating the soil for grain crops.

Pros and cons of mechanical plowing

The method of mechanical tillage in comparison with the traditional manual one has a number of indisputable advantages. First of all, when plowing with a walk-behind tractor or a cultivator, significantly less physical and time costs are required, this increases the level of productivity of agricultural workers dozens of times. Also, thanks to this technique, it becomes possible to carry out a number of additional work in parallel with plowing. For example, you can simultaneously loosen the soil, as well as apply the necessary fertilizers to the soil. In addition, soil cultivation with a walk-behind tractor or a motor-cultivator provides a more uniform and deep plowing of the soil, improves its condition and structural quality.

The soil is saturated with a sufficient amount of oxygen and reaches an optimal degree of moisture. In addition, soil cultivation takes place, which slows down the growth and development of weeds. According to statistics, with mechanical plowing, the yield indicators on the cultivated area almost double. You can also plow the land with a tractor. However, this is not available to everyone due to the high cost of this type of equipment. In addition, arable work on a tractor can only be carried out on large and open land plots, near which there are no trees, bushes or buildings.

Plowing the land with a tractor

Despite all the advantages of walk-behind tractors and motor-cultivators, certain disadvantages are inherent in these mechanisms. For example, mechanical tillage is contraindicated in areas filled with weeds with a deep root system. This is due to the fact that during plowing with the use of walk-behind tractors, the surface soil layer falls off to the side, and this contributes to the reproduction of weeds.

In addition, the soil plowed by a walk-behind tractor needs additional processing - harrowing.This problem is especially relevant when working on hard soils. Also, with regular mechanical processing of the land, damage to the fertile soil layer can be observed. The situation can be improved by parallel application of mineral and organic fertilizers to the soil.

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Variety of processing

Early and quick plowing of the area with a walk-behind tractor in the midst of spring cultivation does not allow the soil to dry out. The retained moisture in the soil will have a beneficial effect on crop emergence. Autumn plowing will saturate the soil with oxygen, provide freezing of weeds, and destroy the underground passages of rodents. Experts say that good results are obtained if fertilization is applied during plowing. The plowing depth depends on the type of crop that is sown in a given area.

A high-quality soil cultivation process increases the efficiency of fertility. Tillage mechanical devices create optimal conditions for growing crops, contribute to the destruction of weeds, and protect the soil from erosion. Provide air, water, nutrient, thermal conditions of the earth. In the process of actions of the agricultural direction, four main methods of tillage are applied:

Plowing

The process of plowing the soil is quite laborious and not every mechanized device can cope with such an occupation. Preparing the soil for planting involves loosening with further leveling. The operation of the walk-behind tractor will ensure high-quality plowing work, it will process the soil into small lumps.

You can apply milling, this action consists in cutting off the top layer of the earth with cutters and then throwing it to the side. Deep cultivation of the soil with uniform plowing is ensured by the use of a plow as a nozzle. It guarantees an even line of the prepared soil. Its actions are able to level, loosen and destroy the weed of the upper soil layer. The harrowing operation involves the use of disc harrows and trailed tines.

Weeding

Weeding works are recommended after irrigation procedures or rain, since at this moment weeds begin to grow at an accelerated rate, the soil sags and compresses. It is possible to cultivate the soil with cutting the root system of weeds using a walk-behind tractor and milling cutters. Weeding of row spacings is very often carried out with an attachment - a disc harrow. It is easy to cope with pruning the roots of weeds.

Hilling

In the process of growing potatoes, the hilling process is of great agrotechnical importance. Loosening the soil during hilling contributes to an increase in the surface layer of the soil, as a result, oxygen saturation occurs, new tubers and shoots appear. The walk-behind tractor rolls the ground to the stems of the plant, which contributes to the development of the root crop, protects it from the cold, and protects it from pests. For plowing the furrow for planting vegetables and hilling potatoes, a perch attachment can be used. Hilling eliminates the risk of rotting potatoes in moist soil.

The earth loves hardworking people, but in order to get a decent harvest, you should reasonably approach the choice of a walk-behind tractor. A universal device capable of performing various operations for cultivating the land, you just need to learn how to correctly use the unit.

Preparing a walk-behind tractor for plowing the land

Before starting plowing, the equipment must be properly prepared. First you need to adjust the parameters for the depth and width of the arable furrow. The best options are: width - up to 60 cm, depth - up to 15 cm. If the soil is hard, the depth indicator can be increased to 20-25 cm. The final quality of work depends on the correct setting. The stages of preparation of the technique also include installation of ground hooks, attachment and adjustment of the plow.

Do not forget about preparing the walk-behind tractor

Installation of ground hooks

Ground hooks are special wheels on a walk-behind tractor for plowing. Their diameter is usually 50 cm, width - 18 cm. If we take a smaller size, the technique will "wind" around the sides, it will not be possible to make an even furrow. It is required to position the walk-behind tractor itself on a flat surface, remove the main wheels and install in their place the hooks prepared with the axles. Only after that do they move on to installing the plow.

Attaching and adjusting the plow

For fastening, couplings of various types are used. First of all, the plow itself and the couplings are connected. It is fixed on one side, the horizontal clearance should be about 5-6 degrees

It is important to keep a few points in mind. If you fasten with both sides (pins) or do not set the backlash, then the connection turns out to be excessively rigid, and this is a typical mistake

Then the plow is attached to the machine's hitch. Do not tighten the nuts tightly - adjustments have yet to be made. It is better to perform this action with an assistant. The walk-behind tractor is installed on stands about 25 cm (they can be made from scrap materials).

The soil hooks are fixed, the walk-behind tractor should stand level, without outweighing, this is necessary for high-quality plowing. The plow frame is positioned in such a way that the heel is parallel to the ground, the adjustment is carried out with the help of bolts. After the stands are removed, and the plow blade is lowered to the ground level, its rear part should be about 2.5 cm higher.

Starting the walk-behind tractor

Many owners have no idea how to properly start the engine. Most don't even touch the instructions. However, mistakes can be made that will damage the entire device, and repairs are often expensive.

First, check the oil and fuel levels. Two-stroke engines should be filled with petrol diluted with oil, the required proportions are given in the description of the device. Gasoline is used grades A-92 and A-95. For diesel engines fueled with diesel fuel, the outside temperature should be taken into account, and this should be the starting point when choosing a fuel.

Before starting, the clutch, reverse, gas, steering wheel are checked. The choke lever is set to the "Start" position, about 5 movements of the starter are carried out. After the ignition is turned on, the engine starts, the suction is transferred to "Work". Next, they begin to cultivate the land with a walk-behind tractor.

How to plow?

In order to properly plow the area, it must be well prepared. To do this, a cord is pulled along its border for a reference point, which is especially recommended for people who will plow the garden for the first time. This is due to the fact that during operation the plow leads a little to the right, which is why, without the appropriate skill, it will be difficult to make an even row.

When plowing the second and all subsequent rows, the implement wheel will follow the already formed furrow, and the cord is no longer needed. Then you should manually collect large stones, uproot the stumps and remove the driftwood. After the site is prepared and the engine is running, the speed is turned on and plowing is started.

It is recommended to drive the first furrow in a low gear, which is due to the need to form the initial row evenly and accurately. Indeed, in the future, it will be he who will serve as a guide for all subsequent furrows. After passing the first row, the plowing depth is checked: it should be within 20 cm.Then the walk-behind tractor is deployed, the right lug is installed in the furrow, the 1st speed is turned on and they go in the opposite direction, making sure that the metal wheel does not go beyond the furrow. If everything is done correctly, then the earthen ridge will be located at a distance of 10 cm from the previous one.

If you need to plow a small area, you can do without a plow.The basic complete set of motoblocks includes saber cutters, with the help of which the processing of any land in terms of complexity and composition, including virgin and stony soils, is carried out. In addition to plowing, cutters are used to mix the soil when applying fertilizers, to remove weeds and loosen the soil.

If it is required to improve the quality of plowing, then the work is carried out using a transport-arable module. For this, the plow is not attached to the walk-behind tractor itself, but to the adapter frame. Due to the presence of an intermediate link between the plow and the unit, the impact on the walk-behind tractor is significantly reduced, and plowing is easier and safer. In addition, the speed of the walk-behind tractor is noticeably increased. And if with traditional plowing it is 5 km / h, then in the case of using an adapter it increases to 10 km / h. However, in comparison with the traditional method of fastening the plow, when using this method, the overall maneuverability of the unit is lost, which, however, is noticeable only in small and tight areas, with an abundance of cultivated plants growing along the edges. If the work is carried out on a large potato field, then the use of the adapter is very convenient.

Specifications and photos

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Hand cultivators are of two types:

Let's consider their description and methods of application.

Rotary (star)

It is also called a disc cultivator, this is a device for processing soft soil. What does the mechanism consist of?

The cutting mechanism is a shaft on which serrated discs are located, similar to sprockets.
The working width of the cultivator depends on the number of such discs.
They put it on the handle, adjusting it to the height of the person who will work with it, so as not to bend over.

Using this view is simple:

it should be installed vertically in the ground;
sprockets should be located between the rows;
the connecting arc will be above the bed;
the cultivator moves with the help of physical effort.
the unit with its sharp teeth cuts into the ground and, grabbing it, raises and turns it out;
in this way the cultivator loosens the soil while cutting the weeds at the same time.

This type of cultivator is well suited for summer cottages, it is practical for:

hilling potatoes;
planting cucumbers;
loosens the soil well in flower beds.

And, although it takes effort to get the cultivator in motion, it is still more practical and easier than doing it manually. Its main drawback is that it cannot break lumps of clay. handle heavy, crusty soil.