Gas Mask: The Story of the Lung Protector

Oxygen isolating gas mask

Oxygen isolating gas maskspowered by compressed oxygen gas are designed to protect the respiratory system, face and eyes of a person from smoke and toxic gases. They belong to devices of the regenerative type with a closed breathing cycle, in which the exhaled air is cleaned of carbon dioxide, enriched with oxygen and again enters the lungs of a person working in a gas mask.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks supplied with a lung valve, with the help of which it is possible to significantly increase the flow of oxygen for breathing if the usual intake is not enough; the lung demand valve is turned on with a deep breath. In addition, in case of failure of the reducer or lung demand valve, oxygen can be supplied to the breathing bag through the bypass of the reducer, which is activated by pressing a button on the reducer. When the pressure in the oxygen cylinder drops to 20 - 25 atm, it must be replaced with a new one.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks convenient for work in any gas-polluted premises, since movement in them is not limited by the length of the hose. However, the complexity of their design, significant weight and the need to charge oxygen cylinders make them less common than conventional hose gas masks. The use of KIP gas masks is allowed only to persons who have undergone special training and medical examination.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks in urban gas facilities they are used extremely rarely, so there is no need to dwell on them in more detail. We can only say that their use requires detailed and responsible training, constant practice, very strict storage and is not entirely safe for the worker himself in the event of a malfunction of individual nodes.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks convenient for work in any gas-polluted premises, since movement in them is not limited by the length of the hose.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks convenient for work in any gas-polluted premises, since movement in them is not limited by the length of the hose. However, the complexity of their design, significant weight and the need to charge oxygen cylinders make them less common than conventional hose gas masks. The use of KIP gas masks is allowed only to persons who have undergone special training and medical examination.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks convenient for work in any gas-polluted premises, since movement in them is not limited by the length of the hose. However, they are complex in structure and have a significant mass. The use of such gas masks is allowed only to persons who have undergone special training and medical examination.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks should be used when the polluted space cannot be ventilated in a timely manner and reliably.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks when assembled, they are placed in a vertical position, while the cylinder valve must be closed.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks it is not allowed to lubricate with any kind of oil.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks completely isolate the respiratory system from the environment.
 

Oxygen isolating gas masks, as well as individually selected and numbered masks of compressed air devices are assigned personally to each gas and smoke protector. It is prohibited to transfer them from one person to another.
 

KIP-5 knapsack type oxygen-insulating gas mask consists of an oxygen cylinder, a helmet and a short corrugated hose, packed in a shoulder bag.
 

What is the difference between a civilian gas mask and a combined-arms gas mask - Security portal

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Military gas masks are designed to protect the respiratory system, eyes, skin of the face from the action of chemical, bacteriological, nuclear weapons and use in military units during hostilities or during exercises. Such devices have a narrower focus than, for example, industrial or civilian gas masks, and protect mainly from substances such as combat toxins, radioactive dust, bacterial viruses and suspensions.

Due to the specific conditions of use, military gas masks can be of both filtering and insulating type. Combined arms filter gas masks are used in open areas with at least 18% oxygen in the contaminated atmosphere. In confined spaces, with a lack or complete absence of oxygen, as well as with an unknown composition of toxic substances, insulating type gas masks are used.

The device and principle of operation of a military gas mask

The filtering military gas mask consists of a front part and a filter box. The front part is made in the form of a full-face mask and is equipped with a spectacle unit, a valve box, an intercom. Even the oldest

models of combined-arms gas masks have a helmet-mask with an open ear part, since good audibility is very important when using such devices. Some modifications have a device for receiving fluid.

The goggles of the military gas mask come with protective films that protect against intense light radiation.

The filter of a military gas mask consists of a layer of activated carbon that absorbs vapor and gaseous toxic substances, and an aerosol filter. The inhaled air first passes through the filter, then through the inhalation valve enters the undermask space.

An insulating general-service gas mask instead of a filter element has a more complex design, which includes a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag and an oxygen cylinder. The respiratory organs in this case are completely isolated from contact with the contaminated environment.

The exhaled air enters the regenerative cartridge, in which it is purified from carbon dioxide, then the purified air enters the breathing bag, enriched in it with oxygen supplied from the oxygen cylinder, and through the connecting tube it goes under the mask.

To release the first portions of oxygen, the regenerative cartridge is equipped with a starting device, which also heats up the regenerative substance in it.

Models of military gas masks

• The PMG military gas mask is one of the very first models of combined-arms filtering gas masks. Refers to gas masks of small size, the device is similar to the civilian gas mask GP-5, the mask is black and has an open ear area. Has an intercom.
• Military gas mask ShMS - also belongs to the old models of filtering gas masks. The helmet mask of such a device has a frontal spectacle assembly for the ability to work with optics, as well as thinner rubber in the area of ​​the auricles. The device is also equipped with an intercom.
• The military gas mask SHMG is another old filter-type gas mask model. The spectacle assembly has a frontal arrangement, and in the area of ​​the auricles, the mask has slits. The device has an additional neck band for fixing the mask. The models were made with both left-side and right-side filter attachments.
• Military gas mask PBF - received the name "Hamster" because of the location of the filter elements on both sides in the inner pockets of the mask. Refers to a small-sized type of filtering gas mask and has a short protective time.
• Military gas masks PMK - a modified version of the civilian gas mask GP-7, which has glasses with an increased viewing angle and a device for receiving liquid. The PMK 2 model has improved filter characteristics. The PMK 3 model is a more modern model of a combat gas mask, which has the ability to work with filters of any type.
• Military gas masks IP 4, IP 5 - insulating models of combined arms gas masks. The IP model differs from the IP 4 gas mask in a longer protective effect, as well as the ability to work under water.
• The KIP military gas mask is a combined apparatus that works both as an insulating gas mask and as an oxygen apparatus. Has a very long period of work.

Oxygen insulating gas mask UIP-50

The UIP 50 oxygen insulating gas mask is performed in accordance with GOST 15160-59, similar in principle to the above-described IP-4M. The UIP 50 insulating gas mask consists of the following components: rubber mask with intercom regenerative cartridge with a starting device (with bound oxygen based on potassium peroxide KO2) breathing bag with shoulder straps for easy portability overpressure valve corrugated tube.

When the safety cap is torn off, the starting device is activated, providing oxygen evolution for 2 minutes (O2 evolution occurs at a rate of 5 l / min) before the regeneration cartridge starts to work. The exhaust air, thanks to the pendulum system, enters the regenerative cartridge, is cleaned of CO2 and enters the breathing bag. When inhaling, the air flows in the opposite direction, passing through the regenerative cartridge for the second time. If the breathing bag overflows with air, it is vented through the overpressure valve.

Purification of the air in the cartridge is associated with the release of heat, therefore, gradually the air in the gas mask becomes hot. Allowed a drop in the proportion of oxygen up to 17% at the initial start of the gas mask.

Technical characteristics of the UIP-50 gas mask:

Species overview

The classification of insulating RPE is based on the characteristics of the air supply. On this basis, there are 2 categories of devices.

Pneumatogels

These are self-contained models that provide the user with a breathing mixture during the regeneration of exhaled air. In these devices, the oxygen necessary for full breathing is released during the reaction between sulfuric acid and supra-peroxide compounds of alkali metals. This group of models includes the IP-46, IP-46M systems, as well as IP-4, IP-5, IP-6 and PDA-3.

Pneumotophores

Hose model, in which purified air is directed into the respiratory system using blowers or compressors through a hose from cylinders filled with oxygen or compressed air. Among the typical representatives of such RPE, the most demanded are KIP-5, IPSA and the ShDA hose apparatus.

Rules for the use of gas masks

1. Take a breath;
2. Hold the breath;
3. Close eyes;
4. Remove the gas mask from the bag using your left hand;
5. Get free from the plug-plug in the filter box;
6. Put four fingers of each hand inside the gas mask, and leave the large ones outside;
7. Apply the bottom of the mask to the chin area;
8. Exhale;
9. With a sharp movement, pull the gas mask from the bottom up and straighten it so that there are no wrinkles;
10. Open eyes;
11. Move the bag to the side so that it does not interfere with the freedom of movement.

When the devices are issued for a long time, it is necessary to monitor their condition. They need to be cleaned, wipe the glasses of the mask. In addition, the level of production in the filter box should be monitored (the time and conditions for its replacement are usually written on it).

And the most important thing is to try to get out of the affected area as quickly as possible. Article author:

Boguslavsky Sergey

I am a former soldier, officer, and the military theme is close to me, I can easily navigate in it.

Article author:

Boguslavsky Sergey

I am a former soldier, officer, and the military theme is close to me, I can easily navigate in it.

Gas mask hamster

The hamster gas mask was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1973. "Hamster" is a boxless filtering gas mask, the filtration time of which does not exceed 20 minutes.

The Khomyak gas mask is still very popular among tankers and paratroopers due to the absence of protruding parts, which is very convenient when running, parachuting or shooting.

The advantage of the "Hamster" gas mask is its ease of use and wearing. The gas mask gained its popularity due to the absence of a bulky and heavy bag, which gets in the way in the cramped conditions of the tank.

The mask holder, located in the spectacle unit, prevents the glasses from fogging up. A convenient intercom allows you to talk even when wearing a gas mask without distorting words.

The main disadvantage of the Khomyak gas mask is its uselessness against chemical warfare agents. For example, a gas mask is not able to protect the body from the effects of organophosphates, since they can get inside a person and through the skin.

In addition, the resource of the gas mask is limited to 20 minutes. Inconvenience occurs when replacing filter elements - for this you need to remove the gas mask, turn it out and unfasten the mask holder.

The set of the Hamster gas mask includes:

• Bag made of two-layer dense fabric;
• Anti-fogging celluloid films with gelatinous coating;
• Waterproof bag;
• Spare diaphragms of the intercom;
• Spare filters

Storage and transportation of gas masks "Hamster" is carried out at an optimum temperature of 5 to 15 degrees. Otherwise, the rubber of the gas mask becomes brittle and breaks easily. It is not recommended to expose the gas mask to sudden changes in temperature, which can lead to the formation of condensation inside the filters.

At present, the Khomyak gas mask is not in service with the Russian Army. The model is considered outdated and ineffective, the samples remaining in the warehouses are disposed of.

Nevertheless, the gas mask is actively used by diggers, "survivalists", representatives of the housing and utilities sector, etc.

What is it and what is it for?

The isolation apparatus completely protects the respiratory system from harmful substances that are in the surrounding atmosphere during an emergency. The protective characteristics of the devices do not depend in any way on the source of the release of toxic substances and their concentration in the airspace. While wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus, the wearer inhales a ready-made gas mixture containing oxygen and carbon dioxide. The volume of oxygen is about 70–90%, the share of carbon dioxide is about 1%. The use of a gas mask is justified in situations where inhalation of ambient air is potentially hazardous to health.

• In conditions of oxygen deficiency. The limit beyond which complete loss of consciousness occurs is considered to be 9–10% oxygen, which means that when this level is reached, the use of a filtering RPE is ineffective.
• Excessive concentration of carbon dioxide. The content of CO2 in the air at the level of 1% does not cause deterioration of the human condition, the content at the level of 1.5–2% causes an increase in respiration and heartbeat.With an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide up to 3%, inhalation of air causes inhibition of the vital functions of the human body.
• High content of ammonia, chlorine and other toxic substances in the air mass, when the working life of filtering RPEs quickly ends.
• If necessary, carry out work in an atmosphere of toxic substances that cannot be retained by the filters of the breathing apparatus.
• When carrying out underwater work.

Types of gas masks by scope

According to the spheres, gas masks are divided into military, civilian, industrial and even children's.

Military gas mask (PMK)

Military gas masks are distinguished by a high level of reliability and versatility and are included in the standard equipment of all military personnel. In addition, they are used by some paramilitary structures. For example, a combined arms gas mask can be used in the Ministry of Emergencies and similar organizations.

Civilian gas mask (GP)

May be issued to the public in emergency situations. These gas masks are quite cheap to manufacture, but generally reliable.

Outwardly, they are not very different from military modifications, if you do not pay attention that the materials of the GP are not as high as that of military models

Industrial gas mask (VK)

This is a special type of gas masks for working with hazardous chemical elements. As a rule, such gas masks are built into OZK or similar protective equipment.

Children's gas mask

This modification is used to protect the respiratory organs of children and adolescents, it is smaller. By the way, there are also infant devices - structures with rubber chambers in a metal frame, in which the entire child is placed, where air is then pumped with the help of furs.

Purpose of civilian gas masks

The main purpose of all civilian gas masks is to protect the population trapped in foci of contamination of the environment with a variety of harmful substances. Such devices are distinguished by ease of use and low weight, the ability to breathe purified air for a limited time.