Features of cross and other screwdrivers: description and dimensions

Upgraded screwdrivers

The professional tool has an additional set of functions.

Of course, a sonic screwdriver has not yet been created in the image and likeness of the universal model from the "Doctor Who" series, capable of influencing various mechanisms through cybernetic waves.

But progress does not stand still, and who knows, maybe in the near future, humanity will receive new and ultra-modern devices.

Already there are models, against which a locksmith's screwdriver looks like a model of a tool from the past.

But still a set of reinforced all-metal screwdrivers remains a demanded case for specialists of a very different profile.

So what is so special about the modernized screwdriver types?

More on this.

1. Dielectric

Screwdrivers of this type are used for electrical work.

The special insulation of the screwdriver shaft protects the craftsman from electric shock, which makes it possible to use the tool for loosening high-voltage parts.

This type of tool is often equipped with an indicator for recognizing hidden wiring, which allows you to "ring" these areas for the subsequent repair of electrical networks.

2. Percussion

This type of tool is used to work with large parts, since its principle of operation is aimed at creating an amplified impulse.

During screwing in, the impact energy is directed directly to the screw, which allows the part to be sunk without any special effort.

In a set with an impact screwdriver, there are various bits, all of them, as a rule, of a large size.

This type is often used when fasteners are damaged by corrosion, when the fasteners firmly grow into the surface.

Thanks to the impact mechanism, such bolts can be unscrewed without additional physical effort.

3. Reversible

A reversible ratchet screwdriver is designed for long-term work with fasteners.

This type of tool comes with replaceable bits of different sections and diameters.

Thanks to this tool, you can easily twist and twist various parts without taking your hand off.

The product has a rotating tip that rotates due to reverse rotation, the hand of the master at this moment remains motionless.

The state-of-the-art mechanical screwdriver is best suited for professionals whose occupation involves frequent work with parts.

4. Rechargeable

Improved look, has a built-in battery, thanks to which the product can work as a screwdriver.

With such a tool, the master does not need to make any efforts to screw in at all, while the tightening will be of better quality with a verified effort than when manually screwing in with another type of tool.

Such models are used to assemble various products and repair them.

5. Telescopic

The tool has a special structure of the rod in the form of a rod, which allows you to adjust its length.

With the help of a special locking mechanism, the set length parameter can be securely fixed.

These models often have magnetic tips to facilitate the work of the craftsman.

For example, using a magnet, you can get a fallen screw out of a hard-to-reach place, or lengthen the rod length to work with a tool with deeper parts.

6. Dynamometric

Dynamometric models of the tool are used mainly in high-tech industries, for example, in aviation, shipbuilding, etc.

A special screen is built into the tool handle, which displays the indicators of the applied force when tightening any part.

This is a very convenient and useful function, because this is the only way a specialist can set the required moment and fix all parts with the same effort.

What types of screwdrivers are needed for the work of each specific specialist depends on the field of human activity.

Today there is a huge number of tools for performing a variety of types of fitter and assembly work.

When choosing a certain tool, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the product labeling, this is the only way to protect yourself from buying a fake of dubious quality and purchase a tool made at the factory

Selection Tips

To begin with, it should be noted that it is unprofitable to purchase only one screwdriver for the purpose required at the moment. After a few days or even a month, you may need to use a different size model

Therefore, your attention should be paid to a special set, which includes screwdrivers of all sizes and additional bits. Each master will confirm that it is not possible to start the repair process without a screwdriver, or better, several pieces.

To carry out minor repairs to household appliances, you should not pay attention to huge sets. It is enough to have two or three models, often used at the household level

Their price should also not hit the pocket, because to unscrew a screw in a coffee grinder, you do not have to use brute physical force.

An ordinary screwdriver is not suitable for electricians. In this case, it is necessary to use a special model made of insulating material. Thus, the specialist receives protection against electric shock.

To repair laptops, watches, cell phones and any radio equipment, use Phillips screwdriver models designed for precision work. Their distinguishing feature lies in the powerful magnet of the tip and the thin shaft. In addition, precision screwdrivers are equipped with a special ratchet that allows you to unscrew small fasteners without removing the rod.

For complex work with powerful types of fasteners, you must use the impact model of a Phillips screwdriver.

Types of screwdrivers

Screwdrivers are divided into types according to the type of slot. Standard marking and its decoding are indicated next to the name of the form.

Flat screwdriver - SL or slotted

Other names are straight or straight slot. The shape of the working part is a flat blade.

• Suitable for the simplest single-notch screws.
• Manufacturers additionally indicate the length, thickness or depth of the groove if the tool is supposed to be used for work with specific fasteners.
• The slotted screwdriver is most often used for light electrical fastening.
• The disadvantages of flat models include the impossibility of centering - the bit tends to slip out of the screw.

The force is applied to the opposite (diagonal) outer edges of the slot.

Phillips screwdriver - PH or Phillips

Tapered bit and four facets for Phillips head fasteners.

• The Philips cruciform profile is characterized by two slots at right angles to each other.
• This variant offers a number of advantages over the classic flat design - more points of contact, increased working contact.
• The force is applied along the four edges - screwing in is less labor intensive.
• Disadvantage - Since the force is applied in a narrow area, there is a risk of damage to the screw or slot.

The Phillips profile is often confused with Pozidriv. Improper use can lead to damage and rapid tool wear.

Hex - H or HEX

These models or inbuses are recognizable by the hexagon-shaped working part. In comparison with a simple cross model, the torque can be increased up to 10 times.

There are three variants of HEX models:

Internal - the ledge is located inside, designed for fastening screws with a suitable slot. A shape with six edges that are angled to each other.

The disadvantage is the increased concentration of stress, leading to deformation of the fasteners.

External - a ledge along the rim, used for fasteners with non-recessed heads. Can be used as an alternative to a wrench. This version is also hexagonal in shape with six faces.

They stand at an angle of 120 degrees to each other.

Vibration-proof - the model has a hole in the bit tip that matches the shape of the projection of the screw head. This ensures stability and vibration protection.

The functionality of all three types is identical.

Square - Robertson, Square Head

• Section in the shape of a square.
• Four surfaces at right angles to each other.
• Opposite sides are parallel.
• Due to the small disc area, the profile is ineffective for transmitting high torques.

This model is rare in Russia, practically absent in Europe, but ubiquitous in the United States. Used in addition to standard applications in vintage car mechanics.

Cruciform with guides - PZ or Pozidriv

The Pozidriv profile is produced in the form of two crosses, offset at an angle of 45 degrees for tight fit into the fastener.

• The additional cross is narrower than the main one and of shallower depth. This provides additional stability and stability.
• Pozidriv is an improvement on the classic Phillips profile.
• Four additional edges or beams in addition to the cross profile serve to push out the tip.
• The cross recess has a recess for the guide.
• Tighter fits into fasteners than a simple cross shape.

A hole is provided in the middle of the spline to increase the pressure force, but this does not eliminate the disadvantages of the classic cruciform design.

Star-shaped - TORX

Tool with grooves shaped like a six-pointed star.

• It is used to transfer more torque in comparison with the classic variations.
• The slot or screw is not damaged during operation.
• There is no danger of the tool slipping, as is sometimes the case with a flat profile.
• Reduced radial forces extend tool life. This is the result of a combination of the circular geometry of the spline petals, sidewalls and a 15-degree drive angle.

Note the differences between TORX and TORX PLUS: they are designed for different fasteners, despite the same functionality and appearance. TORX PLUS has flattened petals, not rounded

This is a reinforced version of the model.

TORX vibration-resistant has the same properties as the classic TORX. The difference is that the tool has a hole located in the tip and the corresponding screw head is complemented by a small center pin.

Peculiarities

The advice of experienced builders, as well as the advice of sales consultants and especially TV shows dedicated to construction and repair, have convinced many people that it is necessary to work with fasteners using an electric tool. And in many cases this is true. But still, there are a number of situations when you cannot do without manual devices. The advantages of any screwdriver are:

• ease of use when attaching very small parts;
• the ability to use where any screwdriver gets stuck;
• ease of use, regardless of the stability of the power supply or at high humidity;
• storage even in confined spaces;
• the possibility of using for repairing not only building structures, but also cars, household appliances, toys and so on.

The three-sided screwdriver fully complies with this description. But it differs from the cruciform and flat options.

How to choose the right screwdriver?

When choosing a screwdriver, first of all, you should pay attention to its tip. Naturally, the flat version is recognized as basic.

It is believed that its inventor is Leonardo Da Vinci.

A Phillips screwdriver does everything better and more reliably. The cruciform modification expands the contact area, since the structure has 4 small cross-shaped recesses.

The hex screwdriver increases the applied force by 10 times, which is its main advantage over the Phillips version.

There is also an asterisk variant in this classification. Rarely, but it is used for working with household appliances and electronics.

Hex rod can be used on a turnkey basis

Attention is also paid to the tip. The more the screwdriver is in the work, the faster the tip will wear off

It should be borne in mind that in Chinese production, it is made from the same inexpensive material as the rod itself. In expensive variations, the working ends can be reinforced with the addition of molybdenum steel or chromium vanadium alloy.

The rod is round, square, or hexagonal. The depth of immersion of the screwdriver depends on its length. However, this can complicate the process of using the tool.

According to the requirements of GOST, the hardness of the rod should be in the range from 47 to 52 HRC

It is important. The hardness of the alloy gives strength to the screwdriver itself

The ratchet model is very comfortable

The rod can be removable or "built-in". These screwdrivers will last much longer. If the shank is removed, they can be used in 2-bit screwdrivers. For example, the end will be flat on one side, and cross on the other.

Another interesting option is the reversible ratchet screwdriver. The model transfers torque from the shaft to the tip, without the need to grip the handle. The rod twists freely, and the switch allows you to screw in and out the screws. If you move the latch to the middle position, you can block the ability to scroll. This allows it to be used like a regular screwdriver.

Basic conditions for choosing the right screwdriver:

• Convenience. One of the important points, since the structure should be comfortable to hold in the hand during work.
• Purpose of use. Useful for work in a narrow space, with small parts, storage at hand, in high humidity conditions.
• Manufacturing material. The length of the handle can be selected according to your preferences, since the convenience of use will depend on this, but the material should ensure the safety and durability of use.

There are tips with an asterisk

When choosing a tool, it is worth considering all the points, since the durability and safety of use will depend on them.

Today on sale you can find models with plastic, rubber and other types of handles. The right tool makes repairs easier

It's important to take the selection process seriously.

What you need to know about the handle and shaft

Now the choice of screwdrivers is large enough, so you can easily get confused in all the variety of this tool.

When choosing a screwdriver, you should pay attention to such an indicator as ergonomics - the handle should be comfortable, neat, non-slip. If rubber was used as a material for the handle, then there should not be unnecessary sagging or microscopic cracks.

If rubber was used as a material for the handle, then there should not be unnecessary sagging or microscopic cracks.

The quality of the rod is determined by the presence of markings on it, which indicates that the product was manufactured in the factory.

The strength of the tip is determined by the color, if the tip is darker than the rod itself, it means that special spraying was used to give additional strength.

Special types of screwdrivers

Mostly these types are used for professional areas, in particular, mechanical engineering or electrical industry. Special types of tools of this type include:

• Torx with center pin.
• The Torq-Set is an asymmetrical cross-section device with a strong screw tightening feature. Designed for use exclusively in the aviation industry.
• The Tri-Wing is a trefoil-shaped tool. Used in the aviation industry and in the installation of electronic devices.
• Spanner or 2-pin screwdriver. It is used for the installation of elevators where anti-vandal protection is provided.

Also, different types of tools differ in size and handle materials. Some are equipped with plastic grips, while others have rubber grips.

Phillips screwdrivers: description, dimensions and characteristics

cross and letters PH

By the size of the cross and the number, you can determine the size of the product itself. The smallest cross tools are numbered 000 (1.5 mm) and are used to repair cameras or mobile phones.

Further, there are the following dimensions:

• 00 (1.5-1.9 mm);
• 0 (2 mm);
• 1 (2.1-3 mm);
• 2 (3.1–5 mm);
• 3 (5.1-7 mm);
• 4 (from 7.1 mm).

The most used model is the second size with a magnetic tip. And the largest tool in size, the fourth, is used in the repair of cars or other overall equipment.

Also, the marking contains information about the thickness of the tool shank. The higher the number, the thicker the rod will be. And the length of the rod is selected depending on the type of work. The smallest screwdrivers with short handles are needed for work in confined spaces, and the long ones are used where it is difficult access to the fastener.

To facilitate your future work with a Phillips screwdriver, you need to choose it very carefully in terms of size. Look carefully so that the size of its tip matches the slot of the self-tapping screw.

If they do not match, then you can damage either the material or the instrument itself. In order not to miscalculate, it is better to take screwdrivers of different sizes. The same craftsmen always prefer to use kits for different needs.

What PH, PZ and PX stand for on Phillips screwdrivers

So, the Ph mark, as already mentioned, denotes all Phillips screwdrivers. The decoding of this mark is an abbreviation for Phillips - the company that has patents for Phillips screws and screwdrivers for them.

Modern modifications of screwdrivers, marked as Ph, have additional notches on the tip, which are fixed in the head of the self-tapping screw more tightly, as a result of which the screwdriver does not jump out of the hands.

The Pz marking marks the more advanced modifications of the screwdriver equipped with a cross-shaped tip. The full name is Pozidriv. Unlike the first type, this modification is equipped with additional beams, and the sting can be fixed in the head of the fastener even more reliably.

Products of this type are used in such areas as:

• Furniture assembly.
• Installation of wooden products.
• Installation of plasterboard products.
• Installation of structures based on aluminum profiles.

But the screwdrivers marked as PX are the most modern and improved models. The cruciform tip is small, blunt, designed to work with fasteners for mobile phones.

There are also a number of other cruciform instruments, which, like other curly products, are used much less often than others and have a professional purpose. Among them:

1. Phillips Square-Driv.
2. Philips Quadrex.

Special screwdrivers

Unlike standard varieties, which have a wide range of applications, there is also a specialized set of screwdrivers that are used for a narrow front of work. Such tools are not kept in every home, but are purchased by craftsmen for their specialization. These include:

1. Universal screwdriver set with tip replacement.
2. Reversible models with a ratchet mechanism that allows you to unscrew the hardware without removing the tool.
3. Dielectric version for safe electrical work.
4. With flexible shaft for work in hard-to-reach places.

Universal screwdriver

Almost every master who performs minor household or cosmetic repairs in the arsenal has a set of screwdrivers for precise work. with replaceable nozzles... It consists of:

• handles with a rod and a lock;
• a set of replaceable tips or bits;
• storage case.

Such a set is good for its versatility, from which its name originated. Depending on the configuration, the tool can be equipped with 8, 10, 16, 24 or more tips of different shapes and sizes. That is, a screwdriver with replaceable bits completely replaces all other non-highly specialized varieties and helps the master to use different hardware without a lot of tools at hand.

Ratchet screwdriver

Another improved version that can be included in the repair screwdriver kit is the ratchet model. It is also popularly called a "ratchet". The mechanism is mounted in a rod and a handle. Thanks to him, the tip freely scrolls in one direction. The advantages of the model:

1. You can use the tool with one hand, both left and right.
2. There is no need to grip the handle when working.
3. It is not necessary to remove the tool from the head of the fastener when unscrewing it.
4. You can change the direction of work using a special lever, clutch or slide switch.
5. You can lock the rod in the handle by moving the lever to the center position.

Dielectric screwdriver

A special locksmith tool for working near conductors or with parts that are under dangerous electrical voltages for human life and health is called dielectric. Such a screwdriver is almost completely (with the exception of the tip) covered with a special non-conductive protective compound. The insulation of each instrument may be different, because it is calculated for different voltages. Such tools always have a mark about the maximum permissible safe indicators of use.

Flexible Shaft Screwdriver

Special screwdrivers for precision work in confined spaces are equipped with a special flexible shaft that replaces part of the shank. It consists of a cable with an armored base and a soft body. On one side, it is equipped with a special base that is attached to the rod. The desired tip is fixed on the second part. The device transmits torque to the fasteners. This is very convenient when assembling furniture and working in a limited space with different fixing planes for hardware.

Reversible screwdriver

The more familiar name for a reversible screwdriver with bits is the "ratchet" or ratchet mechanism. The device has a special device that allows one hand to rotate the tool in a given direction without removing the hardware from the slot. That is, you can tighten and unscrew the screws and self-tapping screws without tearing off the sting. With each turn, the characteristic crackle of self-scrolling will be heard, which is where the name comes from. If you try to start moving in the opposite direction to the selected direction, the mechanism will block the device.

The minimum set of reversing device consists of the following bits:

• two flat screwdrivers of different blade length;
• cruciform nozzle;
• hexagonal lugs with internal and external projections;
• star bit.

Screwdriver device

The history of the appearance of the screwdriver begins at the beginning of the 16th century with the invention of the weapon for which it was made. In those days, only flat varieties were used. Today, a screwdriver is a type of plumbing tool designed for screwing and unscrewing fasteners that have a thread.It is used in small household repairs to work with screws and screws, that is, fasteners that have a slot or groove.

The design of the product is simple and straightforward, it consists of:

1. A handle designed to provide ease of use.
2. Rods of different lengths, allowing the tool to be used for different types of work.
3. A tip or scapula, which is also called a slot or sting. Its shape depends on the type of fastening hardware used.

Screwdriver tip

Belonging to a certain variety determines the tip of the screwdriver or its tip, located on the bottom of the rod. The slot is in direct contact with the fasteners and is subject to increased mechanical stress. Because of this, it is made from strong alloys, for example, steel with the addition of chromium, vanadium and molybdenum. In order to prevent the tip from slipping out during operation, a special spray is applied to it, which increases the coefficient of friction.

Initially, the tip was made in the form of a simple blade, since the fastening tools had a suitable slot in the head. Later, more perfect cross, hexagonal, square and star shapes for new types of hardware began to appear. There are also special tips for non-standard fasteners used by highly specialized craftsmen.

Screwdriver shaft

Another important part of the screwdriver is the shank. For different models, it may differ in length and thickness, depending on the depth of the hole into which the hardware is screwed

That is, for short self-tapping screws, a more compact rod is used, and vice versa. However, a long screwdriver does not always outperform a shorter analogue in terms of convenience. In hard-to-reach places, a long rod is rather a disadvantage, because it can interfere with the master from correctly positioning the tool and working with it correctly.

Screwdriver handle

The part of the rod that is in the hand is equipped with a handle. Its main function is to provide ease of use. The material and shape of the product are selected individually for the master's palm and the scope of work. The main materials used:

• rubber;
• plastic;
• wood.

Possible handle designs:

• standard round;
• hex;
• T-shaped;
• in the form of a pistol;
• there is also a double-sided screwdriver, the handle of which is located in the middle of the rod.

The diameter of the handle varies within 1-4 cm and directly depends on the torque given to the part. That is, the larger the diameter of the hardware for which the screwdriver is suitable, the wider its handle. Small tools are supplied with a thin handle to reduce the chance of thread breakage or hardware deformation. Some models have an opening for a safety cord in the handle. Instruments with replaceable inserts in the handle may have a storage cavity.

3 What you need to know about the handle and shaft

Traditionally, screwdriver handles are made of wood or plastic; on top they are often covered with special textured rubber, which at the same time prevents the tool from slipping in the hand and protects against electric shock.

At the same time, the handle has various modifications that affect the convenience of work and increase the torque. In addition to the traditional ones, there are other types:

1. 1. Handle with ratchet mechanism. Like keys, such a screwdriver consists of a handle with a mechanism that allows it to be rotated in only one direction. Very handy when working with a large number of fasteners. The kit usually includes removable flat and cruciform tips.
2. 2. T-bar or swivel handle. It is either originally made in the form of the letter T, or has a hole in which an additional lever can be inserted. Allows the fastener to be tightened as tightly as possible.
3. 3. Handle with "heel". In such a tool, the screwdriver shaft runs through the entire handle and protrudes from the back side.It also has a thickening - "heel", which can be hit with a hammer or electric nailer if necessary. It is used for contaminated, corroded mountings where human efforts cannot be dispensed with.

Taking into account the conditions of repair work, a tool with different rods may also come in handy. Somewhere a long screwdriver will help out, otherwise only an ultra-short screwdriver will cope. An additional wrench can be put on the hexagonal rod and used as a lever. A rod with interchangeable tips allows you to have a single tool in your arsenal that is suitable for all occasions. A screwdriver with a flexible shaft will penetrate into hard-to-reach places.

Additional Information

Screwdrivers with a triangular tip are needed when repairing not only kitchen appliances, but also personal computers, as well as all kinds of mechanical toys. If you have to work in hard-to-reach areas, it is worth using a tool with a bending rod. It is advisable that the kit includes screwdrivers suitable for removing tight (corroded) fasteners. As for manufacturers, only professionals need to buy products from leading German and Japanese brands. In everyday life, there are quite enough opportunities provided by "factory China".

Damaged instruments must not be used. Before starting work, you should carefully inspect the screwdriver to make sure it is fully operational. If you suddenly cannot turn a screw or other fastener, you must not try to do it with maximum effort - otherwise there is a great risk of damage to the tool, material, fasteners, or even injury.

Screwdriver sets should be stored and handled only in specially prepared cases or working portable boxes. You can't carry them in your pocket. When screwing in (unscrewing) a fastener, it is forbidden to hold the workpiece in your hand.

Experts strongly advise to disassemble all household appliances and electronics only when they are turned off. Even so, only insulated (dielectric) screwdrivers should be used. Protect the blade and handle from heat. It is strictly forbidden to turn the handle clamped in the pliers: instead of increasing the effect, this will destroy the instrument. You cannot make cuts and markings with a screwdriver, stir construction paint.

For information on how you can replace a triangular screwdriver in case of its absence, see the video below.