Taxonomy and notation
The species was first described in 1774 by the German botanist Jacob Christian Schaeffer. Schaeffer gave him a binomial Elvella clavate and called him Der keulenförmige Faltenschwamm ("Club-shaped wrinkled sponge") in jargon. In 1794 Christian Hendrik Persun published Spathularia flavida how nomen novum (new replacement name) as Schaeffer's published name was not legal. Elias Fries sanctioned this name in the first issue of his Systema Mycologicum (1821). According to the taxonomical database MycoBank, additional synonyms include Elvela tubular mushroomas defined by August Johan Georg Karl Bach in 1783 and Spathularia clavatepublished by Pierre Andrea Saccardo in 1889. In a 1955 publication, the American mycologist Edwin Butterworth's Network believed that 1,903 Mitruliopsis flavida Charles Horton Peck were the same species as S. flavida.
The mushroom is commonly known as the "yellow earth tongue", "yellow fan", "magic fan". Samuel Gray called it "the yellowish spatula stool" in his 1821 Natural Location of British Factories... A definite epithet flavida Latin for "light" or "golden yellow".
Description
Fan - or spoon-shaped fruity bodies S. flavida can be ready high, although the range between is more typical. Sometimes, fruity bodies are produced with a "head" split into two separate petals. Light to strong yellow in color, flattened fertile area, paler at times; the color tends to deepen with the age of the fruity body. The fertile area (the area that produces spores) is often irregularly wrinkled and sometimes serrated at the apex and ranged wide; it tapers down the length of either side of the stem (i.e., downwardly) from half to one third of the total length of the stem. The division between head and base is sharply defined. The stem is hollow, smooth (smooth), and has a white to yellowish mycelium at its base. The flesh of the fruiting body is whitish, but turns yellowish brown when dry.
Edibility Spathularia flavida variously described as untested, unknown, or "edible but rather tough." The small size would probably discourage the use of a table. The aroma and taste are not distinctive.
Microscopic features
In general, the spores appear yellowish-brown, especially when dry. When viewed under a microscope, they appear hyaline (transparent). The spores are variable in size, but usually in the range of 30–95 by 1.5–2.5 µm. They may be slightly or slightly septate, thin and harsh, and have a gelatinous outer wall. Asci (having disputed structures) are club-shaped with dimensions of 85–125 by 8–12 microns. The Askam did not know the closing lid as an operculum. paraphyses (sterile cells found in hymenium), fibrous, and hyaline (transparent); some are annular.
Variants
The network has described many options S. flavida based mainly on differences in the shape and size of their spores. All varieties have been described from collections made in the United States.
S. var flavida. flavida
: In a typical variety, spores range in size from 40-62 µm (although the smaller 45-56 µm range is most typical) to 2-2.5 µm; paraphyses are either slightly ramified above or not at all and curved to curled at their apexes.
S. var flavida. tortuosa
: In this variety, the paraphyses are more curved to ring and curved at the apices, and often form a dense interlaced layer above the asci.
S. var flavida. branched
: Spores smaller than typical variety, usually 39–42 by 1.5–2 µm; paraphyses branch irregularly at the top. The fruity bodies in this variety are club-shaped and flattened compared to the typical language form of the typical variety.
S. var flavida. brevispora
: This variety, common in Michigan, has spores that are 32–40 by 2 µm.
S. var flavida. longispora
: Variety longispora known from the Pacific Northwest.It has spores that are 55–75 by 2-2.5 µm, and paraphyses that are similar to the typical variety.
Similar varieties
Spathularia flavida can be distinguished from a fan of a fairy velvet leg (Spathulariopsis velutipes) differences in basis: S. velutipes fuzzy and brown, not smooth and yellowish. The fuzziness is the result of a thin layer of intertwined hyphae that cover the base, which the short hyphae project outward from the surface. The closely related species S. neesi there is an ocher color, spores that are 60–80 by 1.5–2 µm in size, and paraphyses that branch on the upper parts. Neolecta irregularis roughly similar in appearance S. flavidabut lacks a sharply differentiated, spoon-shaped head, has a base lighter in color than the head, and carefully, has a much smaller oval to elliptical spores that measure 5.5–8.5 by 3-4 µm. Another yellowish fungus of the earth's tongue, Microglossum rufum, there is a well-defined oval spoon-shaped head and sausage-to-fusiform spores that are 18–38 by 4–6 µm.
External description
The height of the fruiting body of yellowish Spathularia (Spathularia flavida) varies in the range of 30-70 mm, and the width is from 10 to 30 mm. In shape, this mushroom resembles an oar or spatula. Its pedicle expands in the upper part, becoming clavate. Its length can be 29-62 mm, and its diameter is up to 50 mm. The very leg of the yellowish pastularia can be either straight or sinuous, cylindrical in shape. The fruiting body often descends on both sides along a well-defined stalk. At the bottom, the surface of the leg is rough, and at the top it is smooth. In color, the fruit body is both pale yellow and deep yellow. There are specimens with a honey-yellow, yellow-orange, golden color.
The mushroom pulp is fleshy, juicy, tender, more dense in the area of the leg. Yellow spatula (Spathularia flavida) The mushroom spatula has a pleasant and light mushroom smell.
Single-celled needle spores are 35-43 * 10-12 microns in size. They are located in 8-piece club-shaped bags. The color of the spore powder is white.
Ecology, habitat and distribution
Fruit bodies grow scattered or in clusters on forest pudding or humus under conifers, summer and fall, and may grow in rings or arcs. Thought to be a saprobic species (that is, getting nutrients from the dead or analyzing organic matter), it has also been found on rotten wood. The fungus is able to defend itself against mycophagy springtail Ceratophysella denisana, a common mushroom eater, releasing repulsive fragrant compounds when it is injured.
A cosmopolitan and widespread variety, S. flavida distributed in temperate regions such as the Pacific Northwest region of North America, extending north to Alaska; this is, however, unknown in Mexico. In Europe, it was collected from the UK, Germany, Spain, Austria, Belgium, Scandinavia and Italy; in Asia, Japan and Turkey reported this from India. Spathularia flavida is considered a protected species in Slovakia. One field guide says of this species "one tends to see while down on the ground looking for something else."
