Late autumn mushrooms

What is Macrolepiota procera confused with

The variegated umbrella mushroom is very often confused with its poisonous counterpart. Therefore, mushroom pickers need to know how to tell the difference between the two.

Lepiota poisonous

Poisonous Lepiota is a very dangerous mushroom that can cause significant damage to your body. Its main difference from the motley one is that it has a much smaller size. The hat has a diameter of less than 6 cm. Look closely at it. The hat should have a pinkish undertone, and the flesh on the cut also has a pink tint.

Stinky fly agaric

Another similar mushroom is the stinky fly agaric. It is also poisonous and hazardous to health. The caps of these mushrooms are similar, however, the fly agaric grows only in shady forests with high humidity. At the same time, the base of his leg has a free vulva, which is clearly visible. Amanita cap is covered with flakes, has a glossy shine.

Elegant

Another brother is an elegant umbrella mushroom. It is not poisonous, so it can also find a place in your basket. It features a long, thin leg. Unlike the variegated mushroom, which stands on a white stalk, the leg of the graceful one has a brown tint with white splashes.

Mastoid

Mushroom-umbrella mastoid. Edible variety. Its cap can reach up to 12 cm in diameter. Regardless of age, it is thin and not fleshy. It has a slightly bell-shaped shape, rounded at the edges. The younger the mushroom, the more bell-shaped it takes. At an older age, the cap becomes wide and evenly distributed, has an umbrella-shaped shape.

In the center you can see a small pointed tubercle. The edges of the mushroom are thin, rolled inward. The skin, like its predecessor, has a whitish tint. It is slightly darker in the center than at the edges. With age, the scales on the cap become more and more.

The pulp has a dense consistency and a white tint. In the cut, its color does not change, it remains white.

The mushroom tastes like hazelnuts, has a corresponding aroma. The leg reaches a height of 16 cm, slender and not thick, about 5 mm in diameter. The leg has a brownish white tint. This mushroom is also found in Central Russia, South America, Asia and Australia. Less commonly found in North Africa.

Conrad

Conrad's umbrella mushroom... Another edible member of the family. The hat has a diameter of 12 cm. It is very thick at the center and thinner at the edges. It has an ovoid shape. Some call it a bell mushroom. In adulthood, the cap becomes more convex. In the center, as well as in its predecessors, there is a tubercle.

The skin has a dirty gray shade with brown patches. It is much darker in the center than at the edges. The flesh of the cap is white. The color in the slice does not change. The smell is delicious, pleasant. The leg reaches 15 cm in height. Quite thick, about one and a half cm in diameter. It has a cylindrical shape. Thin at the cap and widening towards the base. The surface is brown.

The fungus inhabits coniferous areas and mixed forests. Distributed in Europe and Asia.

Park Puscha Voditsa

Having entered the populated area, we decided to get off at the stop park Puscha Voditsa. Our tram drove on, and we went for a walk around the local sight.

The clock showed 10 o'clock in the morning. At this time, the park was deserted, but very charming. At the entrance we were greeted by wooden figures that looked good in the autumn foliage. Long alleys led us to the large Gorashchikha lake. Huge trees, as if, hugged the reservoir from all sides and flaunted in it like in a mirror. How I love these views!

The park in Pushcha Voditsa does not shine with well-groomed, but its beauty amazes. Even the old wooden bridge fits into the general surroundings of the park.

We met tame squirrels and hungry ducks here, so if you are thinking, grab some nuts and bread to please the residents of the park.In gratitude, they will give you a wonderful mood and cool shots.

Walking in the park, we watched fishermen and mushroom pickers, who probably knew what they came for. Despite the fact that you can swim everywhere in the park, there is a beach area for sand lovers. In autumn it looks clean, there are trash cans. There is also a boat and catamaran rental service. For the second, it is already cold, but boating.

I really liked the Pushcha Voditsa Park. In warm weather, you can have a picnic here and swim. First, we did organize it, regardless of the time of year.

What could be better than lunch in nature ?! And we worked up a good appetite.

Compared to the beach in the park, I have not seen a single urn. The trash had to be carried to the entrance to the park. But since we always clean up after ourselves, it was not difficult for us to do this. Once the garbage was carried almost to the house, because there was nowhere to throw it away. It's nice to come to a clean place, so I ask everyone - Clean up after you!

Beneficial features

The content of each mushroom contains:

• vitamins of group B and C;
• PP vitamins;
• folic acid;
• potassium and magnesium;
• phosphorus and manganese;
• iron;
• a large amount of protein and natural fat;
• minimum carbohydrate content.

The usefulness and low calorie content of the product will allow you to use meadow mushrooms not only during the diet, but also proper nutrition, fasting. But putting your health at risk is not recommended for pregnant women, women during lactation, children under 13 years old, as well as those who have chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys

With extreme caution, you should try dishes with meadows, people with diabetes and individual contraindications

In folk medicine, meadow mushrooms can be used as a medicine for the treatment of the following diseases: Staphylococcus aureus, bronchitis, active tuberculosis, pneumonia.

The content of forest gifts contains a substance that is used today for prophylactic purposes against oncology.

In China, mushrooms are used to treat ailments such as:

• convulsions;
• thrombophlebitis;
• radiculitis;
• arthritis.

14-line Pushcha Voditsa

After a walk in the park, we decided to drive up to line 14 (the name of the stop). We got on the same tram 12 and drove to the final stop. At the crossroads we turned right and went up to the children's camp ... The entrance to its territory is by passes, but if you turn right, you will see another beautiful park or forest, I will not say for sure. On one side, the bank is washed by the Gorenka River. She shares a camp with a park. There are picnic areas (wooden tables and benches). Maybe in the summer, they charge a fee, we sat, no one came up to us. In our presence, my aunt found a mycelium of Polish mushrooms, I almost fainted. Why didn't I see them? Ahhh ... how I love to fry them in a skillet with onions mmm ... salivation is already flowing.

We walked, admired, took photos, it's time to go back and forth. In addition, we have planned one more stop ahead - in the forest zone of the Pushcha Voditsa.

Edibility, useful properties and restrictions on use

The conditional edibility of the orange shiver is explained by its relatively low organoleptic qualities, although with the right approach it is quite possible to prepare a tasty dish from this unusual variety. So, mushrooms are fried, steamed, boiled, dried, baked and even frozen for future use. In all these cases, the fruits are pre-cleaned and boiled until half cooked. The shiver is even tastier if you marinate or pickle it hot or cold with whole cloves of garlic, horseradish, oak or blackcurrant leaves, laurel, black peppercorns and other spices and herbs.

In addition, these mushrooms make an excellent vegetarian soup - light, transparent, like a tear, and very healthy.In China, trembling is considered a delicacy at all, so it is not at all surprising that in the Middle Kingdom they are used to eating it even raw, both as an independent dish and as a spicy addition to all kinds of salads, dressings and side dishes.

Among other things, considering the variety, one cannot ignore its high healing properties. They were also appreciated by pharmacists who learned to isolate from it an active polysaccharide called glucuronoxylomannan. The benefits of using this substance are obvious, because it has antidiabetic, hypoallergenic, antiseptic, radioprotective and immunomodulatory properties.

Good to know! In the course of numerous studies, it has been proven that the use of pomace of shiver protects the liver from hepatitis lesions (according to group B), enhances the effectiveness of anticancer therapy, including the effect of chemotherapy.

In the old days, they believed in the powerful energy of the mushroom, and in the negative one. And if someone on the site suddenly grew this mushroom, then the owners rushed to pierce its fruit body with a sharp needle or pin, trying to do it in such a way that the juice from it flowed to the ground, which made it possible to protect themselves from the evil eye and damage. In addition, glue was once made from shiver using a secret recipe. However, soon its authors died, and with it the formula for the preparation of a sticky substance.

And finally, it is worth noting that the variety does not lend itself to cultivation, so it certainly won't work to grow it on your site for medicinal or culinary purposes. At the same time, the Chinese have learned to do this using a unique deep breeding method, which has not yet reached our edges due to the lack of urgent need.

Where can you find a mushroom umbrella

Umbrellas are a very unusual type of mushroom. Huge mushroom caps scattered across a meadow or copse resemble space flying saucers. And this is their main distinguishing feature. Connoisseurs of these mushrooms claim that they have a very exquisite taste. To some he resembles a chicken, and to someone a flounder. Their scent has been compared to a subtle nutty scent. And with such qualities they are very different from their forest counterparts (white, boletus and others).

Some species grow even in the absence of light in cellars (like champignons). To date, eleven species of umbrella mushrooms are known. They are found throughout Russia, in Europe, America, as well as in some Asian countries (Iran, Turkey). There are seven types of umbrellas in Russia.

Description of the mushroom

Meadow honey fungus (Latin name Marasmius oreades, Agaricus oreades) is a mushroom with a conditionally edible purpose, belonging to the IV class in the edibility classification. Belongs to the genus Marasmius, the family Marasmiaceae, the class Agaricomycetes.

Also referred to as:

• Marasmius meadow;
• Meadow nematodes;
• Clove mushroom;
• Meadow;
• Meadow talker.

Other names of honey mushroom speak for themselves. Its flesh on the cut has a spicy clove aroma, and it was nicknamed the non-pot for its unique property of self-regeneration and the absence of decay processes. Over time, the mushroom simply dries up on the vine, and after getting wet, it comes to life and can bear fruit again.

You can distinguish a meadow from other similar mushrooms by the following characteristics:

The hat with a diameter of 3 to 9 cm has a spherical shape with a tubercle in the center and uneven and ribbed, almost transparent edges that differ in color from the central part. With aging, it becomes slightly convex, cupped or flat, but the tubercle remains. The color varies from reddish brown, ocher to yellowish. In dry weather, the cap becomes lighter and changes its tone to pale brown or cream, and in high humidity it becomes sticky and sticky.

The hymenophore (the lower part of the cap, covered with a spore-bearing layer - hymenium) belongs to the lamellar type.The plates are rare, wide, The color changes depending on weather conditions: during rain it becomes ocher, and in drought - white or light cream. In young fruiting bodies, the plates fit tightly to the stem, in old ones, they are located at a distance from it.

The pulp is thin, light yellow or milky; when cut, it does not change its color. The aroma contains subtle notes of bitter almonds and cloves. Has a slightly sweetish aftertaste.

The height of the leg ranges from 4-11 cm. It is cylindrical in shape, sinuous, thin, closer to the cap it is narrower. Has a velvety texture, covered with mealy... The color is similar to the hat's palette.

A bit of history

Marasmius oreades was first described by the British scientist, mycologist and ornithologist James Bolton. He is also mentioned in the illustrated collection of mycology by Jacob Christian Gottlieb Schaeffer, a German scientist, biologist and mycologist.

How to get to Pushcha Voditsa

You can get to Pushcha Voditsa by tram number 12 from the metro station Kontraktova ploshchad. Departs every 7-15 minutes from 05:44 to 00:39. The fare is 4 UAH. for pensioners free of charge.

Tram route 12

Kontraktova pl. - Schekavitskaya - Obolonskaya (Konstantinovskaya str.) - Olenovskaya - Brewery - Zavodskaya -Farmak - Podol Business Park LLC - Vikentiya Khvoiki - Spartak Stadium - Kurenevsky Park - Stepan Bandera Avenue (Kirillovskaya str.) - Syretskaya - Semyon Sklyarenko - Institute named after Bakul - Lugovaya - Priorskaya (Avtozavodskaya st.) - Dubrovitskaya (Avtozavodskaya st.) - Nikolai Gulak - Polyarnaya - pl. - city ​​- 1st line 2nd line - 3rd line - Hospital for disabled people of the Great Patriotic War - Park Pushcha-Voditsa - 6th line - 7th line - 9th line - 11th line - 13th line - 14th line

Tram number 19 from metro Obolon Iordanskaya street. The fare is 4 UAH. for pensioners free of charge.

By route taxi:

№226 - metro Nivki - Pushcha Voditsa. Departs every 20-25 minutes from 06:00 to 22:00. The fare is 6 UAH.

№170 - metro Heroiv Dnipra

Minibus route No. 170

st. Heroes of the Dnieper - Ave Heroes of Stalingrad - st. Marshal Tymoshenko - pl. Minskaya (metro Minskaya) - st. Marshal Tymoshenko - st. Zoya Gaidai - st. Heroiv Dnipra - st. Polyarnaya - pl. Taras Shevchenko (bus station "Polesie") - Minsk ave. - Ring road - st. City - st. Krasnoflotskaya - st. 5th Line - st. Gamarnika - st. Selyanskaya.

By car:

Drive about 25 km from the city center. Travel time is 40 minutes. See the map for more details.

Meadow honey agaric, description and main features of the mushroom

Comparing the meadow breed with others, the following distinctive features are distinguished:

• a spherical cap, the diameter of which is no more than 6-8 cm;
• a bulge or bump located in the middle of the hat, making the mushroom look like an umbrella or French beret;
• the shade of the cap is light brown, less often reddish or dirty yellow;
• the density of the upper part is thin, not distinguished by thick flesh. If you look at her from above under
• rays of the sun, you can see the gaps;
• edges - uneven with small teeth;
• the leg is thin and elongated, differing in height from the cap. Its color is less pronounced and lighter. Compared to the cap, the density of the stem is high and retains its shape well even after harvest;
• the ring connecting the lower and upper parts is absent, making the mushroom a bright representative of the Strofariev family.

The plate is rarely located under the cap. Wide divisions can be colored in different colors, depending on the weather conditions. For example, after rain or when growing near a swampy area, they turn red and brown.With prolonged drought and active sun, when the mushrooms do not have enough moisture, the plates become white or light beige, closer to cream.

In section, each mushroom is light yellow. When pressed and lying down, the shade does not change, remaining exactly the same. The aroma of meadow honey can be confused with a spicy seasoning: cloves or almond powder.

Interesting fact! In the dark, mushrooms sprouting in the fields have the ability to glow. Unusual ability, does not affect the edibility of mushrooms in any way. After cooking, they remain the same healthy, tasty and aromatic.

Processing before cooking

The fragility of the mushrooms does not allow the product to be left untreated for a long time. To preserve freshness, pleasant aroma and value, you should take up the primary treatment immediately upon arrival from a quiet hunt. Cooking should be started according to the instructions, following the step-by-step instructions:

1) enumeration of the entire crop (removal of wormy and damaged honey agarics);
2) thorough rinsing under running water to remove as much dirt as possible (adhering leaves, greenery, sand and earth);
3) cleaning each mushroom with a toothbrush;
4) soaking in salted water for 1 hour;
5) initial boiling with further draining of water and repeated rinsing and drying on a cutting board.

Evaluation of taste, medicinal properties, benefits and possible harm

Meadow honeydew is quite pleasant to the taste. Mushroom flavor is complemented by spicy notes. Meadows are a source of such substances:

• proteins;
• carbohydrates;
• vegetable fats;
• fungal antibiotics (marasmic acid and scorodonin);
• copper;
• vitamins B1, C, B2 and PP;
• folic acid;
• phosphorus;
• magnesium;
• potassium;
• gland;
• manganese.

They are also used to treat such diseases and conditions:

• strengthening the immune system;
• treatment of cancerous tumors, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis;
• suppression of Staphylococcus aureus;
• lowering blood pressure;
• normalization of the work of internal organs (heart, stomach, thyroid gland).

In China, meadows are actively used for diseases of the lower extremities: convulsions, thrombophlebitis. They have also been shown to be effective in treating arthritis and sciatica.

There are practically no contraindications for meadow honey. But there are a number of limitations associated with the difficulty of digestion:

• chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• age up to 7 years.

Edible wild mushrooms

Among the edible mushrooms that most often grow in meadows are meadow mushrooms or meadow mushrooms, champignons and ryadovki. Somewhat less common are white and white milk, white and black milk mushrooms, usually near groves and forests. Most species of meadow mushrooms do not differ in nutritional value and taste from their counterparts collected in the forest.

As experienced mushroom pickers know, it is possible to return home with "prey" not only from the forest, but also from the meadow. Meadow mushrooms are varied and tasty, but you should be careful when picking so that the mushroom feast does not turn into poisoning.

Exit seminar: late autumn edible and medicinal mushrooms with M.N.Sergeeva

Everywhere, in the forest and on city streets, on deciduous and sometimes coniferous trees, bright orange clusters of these snow-frost-resistant and I am not afraid of such a word super-delicious mushrooms appear. And finally, as a highlight. This fungus grows underground at a depth of 6-10 cm, showing up very rarely on the soil surface. It can be found only by barely noticeable hillocks, which, however, are always devoid of vegetation.

Mushroom pickers of all countries - unite!

From Mushrooms on Facebook. As for the popular tubular mushrooms, there is no longer any talk of white or boletus mushrooms in November, and Polish mushrooms can still be found this month, although not very much. But this is no longer a common practice, but an exception that proves the rule.

Description of meadow mushrooms

The cap reaches 70 mm in circumference. In a newly appeared mushroom, it is spherical with a tubercle in the middle. With aging, it becomes flat or bowl-shaped, but the elevation in the middle remains. Colored in a chocolate tone with a yellowish or scarlet tint. The perimeter with irregularities in a rib, with moisture, begin to shine through, the cap becomes sticky.

Slender and elongated leg (up to 100 mm). It can be the same shade as the hat or a little lighter. They do not eat food because it is tough. The ring characteristic of honey agarics is absent, tk. they belong to different families (the common ones are referred to as the Stropharievs).

The plates are infrequent and widened. They change shade due to weather conditions: in rainy ones - ocher colors, in hot weather - snow-white or beige. In young specimens, they adhere to the leg, in strongly mature specimens, they exfoliate.

The pulp is yellowish, after harvesting it does not change its tone. The aroma is sweet-spicy, with clove and almond notes.

Poisonous mushrooms: description and names

The category of poisonous meadow mushrooms can be attributed to pigs or podkurnikov, which often grow on pastures, which is why they got their second name. Also, the less common mushrooms presented in the table are classified as poisonous.

Meadow mushrooms, where and how do they grow?

Few people know, but the edible lamellar mushroom from the Negniychnik genus can be collected not only in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, but also in Europe and Asia. Quite often, representatives of honey agarics sprout in Australia and America. Less commonly, mushrooms can be found in North Africa when the climate is cool. The most important thing is to look in the right places where myceliums are most common. We are talking about fields and meadows, wetlands. From mid-May and until the end of October - early November, it will not be difficult to find the witch's circles. Honey mushrooms, like other weed-like mushrooms, germinate in families, forming circles over vast areas.

Having decided where to go for meadow mushrooms, the mushroom picker should decide on containers for collection. The fragile pulp does not allow the fruits to be collected in bags and packages. Even after an hour, the protein product turns into porridge, unsuitable for further processing and cooking. To avoid a common newbie mistake, plastic buckets or baskets should be preferred. The small size will not allow one person to collect more than two buckets. The mushroom picker will get tired or simply will not have enough time to get out of the green zone until dark.

Doubles - you should be on your guard!

An illustrative example allows you to identify real meadows from false ones after the first quiet hunt, carried out together with an experienced mushroom picker. The experience and knowledge transferred at the time of mushrooming is unlikely to be replaced by an encyclopedia, a short description and photo examples. However, if there is no such option for studying the distinctive features, you can start OZS with the help of alternative options. Combining all the minor options, a beginner who decided to join the mushroom business can easily cope with the first hunt.

The most common mistake, both for beginners and experienced mushroom pickers, is the collection of wood-loving colibia. Instead of meadow representatives, it often ends up in baskets and buckets of lovers of quiet hunting. True, in comparison with other similar outward types, this twin is harmless. Its alternative name is spring (summer) honey agaric. Germination lasts until mid-August. You can meet him not only in the forest zone, but also in open areas, where grass and weeds grow. Representative of the Negniychnikov species belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms and is well suited for consumption after heat treatment and primary boiling.And although its value is minimal, the mushroom has connoisseurs who prefer mushroom dishes without a pronounced aroma and taste.

The second counterpart of meadow mushroom is oil colibia. Another conditionally edible mushroom of large size. The appearance is almost identical to the meadowsweet. It differs only in the absence of aroma and bright taste of mushrooms.

Not to confuse meadow mushrooms with colibia or other mushrooms, simple but understandable distinctive features will allow:

1) the bulge located in the middle of the hat. In edible mushrooms, it is more pronounced than in fellows;

2) the plates should be sparse, but uniform, painted in the same color. If there are blotches and irregularities, red or reddish spots, the mushrooms have nothing to do with the mushrooms. Most likely there was a collibia on the way;

3) any mushrooms smell good, and meadows are no exception to the rule. Comparing edible non-nippers to colibia, the latter have a repulsive scent, reminiscent of spoiled food or mold. Honey mushrooms have an unusual aroma, combining notes of mushroom with spicy cloves.

The poisonous counterpart of meadow honey agaric remains the white talker. Its alternative name is whitish. After its use, the symptoms appear quickly, regardless of the chosen method of heat treatment and the amount of use. Symptoms of poisoning become well pronounced after 45-70 minutes. Signs entail: dizziness, loss of consciousness, cold sweat, sudden dizziness, stabbing pain in the abdomen.

Only a beginner mushroom picker who has no experience in quiet hunting can confuse a white talker with a meadow mushroom. Striking distinctive features are striking even from afar. The first are large, reminiscent of autumn mushrooms, with a snow-white hat, turned towards the leg. The smooth edge has no jags or irregularities.

Today, there are many varieties of talkers. Some are conditionally edible, the second are inedible, and the third are completely poisonous, capable of bringing irreparable harm to health. In total, there are more than 200 species.

It is worth being extremely careful when collecting meadow mushrooms in certain regions where fibrils grow. Despite the large number of varieties, every mushroom in the family is poisonous. By external signs, it clearly differs from honey agarics. The plates are grayish, darken in adulthood, becoming yellow-brown and even brown.