Piptoporus oak (Oak polypore) (Buglossoporus quercinus) photo and description

Using stumps to grow mushrooms

Stumps can be used to grow oyster mushrooms. This is easy to do, for example, at a summer cottage. To do this, you need a shady area or a room and a few hardwood stumps (birch, aspen, apple tree, pear, acacia, poplar). Coniferous crops are not suitable for these purposes.

The stumps should not be old, ideally if they are freshly sawn. Dry ones will need to be soaked in water for several days. Their sizes do not play a fundamental difference. Convenient segments with a diameter of 15 to 40 cm and a height of 40 to 50 cm.

Oyster mushrooms can be grown both in open areas and indoors. If you plan to place stumps on the street, then the place should be in the shade and well ventilated. At temperatures below + 20 ° C, a cover with agrofibre will be required. The optimal time for planting is April-May and August-September. The mycelium takes three months to germinate.

There are several ways to stack the logs. In each of them, you will need to dig a ditch at least 30 cm deep and wide corresponding to the diameter of the wooden blanks. If there are supports for the logs, you can not dig the ground, but place stumps on its surface.

There are also several ways to introduce mycelium into the stump - for example, by drilling holes, by cutting off the upper part, building a pyramid from chocks with several layers of mycelium, etc.

In winter, stumps will need to be brought into the room or covered with straw or agrofibre.

Important! An important condition for growing oyster mushrooms in an open area is regular moistening of the soil around the stumps. A drip irrigation system is best suited for these purposes.

disinfect

It is most convenient to lay the logs after sowing with mycelium in the basement or shed horizontally, on top of each other. From above, they are covered with burlap or perforated film.

With vertical installation of logs, columns are made of them and covered with straw, sawdust. From the sides, the columns are covered with foil or burlap.

The air in the room must be constantly humid. Frequent ventilation is required.

In May, stumps can be transplanted into the ground in the open air.

Oak Milk (Lactarius zonarius)

Synonyms:

The oak mushroom, or, as it is also called, oak mushroom, looks very similar to all other mushrooms and differs from them only in the slightly reddish or yellowish-orange, or orange-brick color of its fruit body. And for its generic peculiarity to grow in bushes, heaps or heaps ("milk mushrooms") in the oak forests of deciduous forests, and that was its name. The oak mushroom, as well as the aspen and poplar mushroom, is the main competitor of the black mushroom and also loses to him in only one thing - in the constant presence of dirt on the surface of its cap due to the fact that the maturation of the oak mushroom, as well as the aspen and poplar mushroom, occurs , as a rule, under the ground and on the surface, it is shown already in its mature form. In terms of food and consumer indicators, oak mushrooms (like aspen and poplar mushrooms) belong to the conditionally edible mushrooms of the second category. It is also considered conditionally edible due to the presence of a burning-bitter milky juice in its pulp, which can be attributed to the advantages of this kind of mushrooms because, due to its presence, oak mushrooms, like other mushrooms, rarely infect mushroom worms.

Oak mushrooms are quite common, but in forests rich in broad-leaved trees such as oak, beech and hornbeam. The main period of ripening and fruiting in them falls approximately in the very middle of summer and, closer to autumn, they get out to the surface, where they continue to grow and bear fruit, at least until the end of September - early October.

The oak lump belongs to lamellar mushrooms, that is, the spore powder with which it multiplies is in its plates. The plates themselves are very wide and frequent, whitish-pinkish or reddish-orange in color. Its cap is funnel-shaped, wide, concave inward, with a slightly tomentose edge, reddish or yellowish-orange-brick color. The leg is dense, even, narrowed downward and hollow inside, off-white or pinkish. Its pulp is dense, whitish or creamy. Milky juice is very spicy in taste, white in color and on the cut, when it comes into contact with air, it does not change it. Oak milk mushrooms are eaten only in salted form, after they have been preliminary and thoroughly soaked in cold water to remove the bitter taste from them. It should not be forgotten that oak milk mushrooms, just like all other milk mushrooms, are never dried.

Poisonous and inedible types of mushrooms

There are many more unsuitable mushrooms that like to settle on stumps than there are edible specimens. When ingested, they cause irreparable harm. Inedible mushrooms growing on stumps are represented by ganoderma, ischnoderma, postia and others, according to the photo and detailed description, you can distinguish special characteristic features that other species do not have:

ganoderma southern (Ganoderma australe). This mushroom is distinguished by a dense, rather large cap 40 x13 cm, dark brown in color. The leg is not pronounced. The brown flesh is softish. Favorite growing places - poplar, oak, linden stumps;
ischnoderma resinous (Ischnoderma resinosum). The parasite settles on beech, birch, fir, linden trees, causing putrefactive changes in the wood. It has a bronze-colored cap, reaching 20 cm. During growth, the cap emits a reddish liquid in the form of drops. The pulp is poisonous, white, juicy;
oak piptoporus (Piptoporus quercinus). Fan-shaped fruit body 10-15 cm in diameter with a beautiful velvety surface, yellowish-brown hue. It settles mainly on oaks;
astringent post (Postia stiptica). The mushroom is quite recognizable by its whitish bodies, which can take various forms.Young posts are covered with liquid droplets over the entire surface. The pulp is quite dense, juicy, bitter. The mushroom for resettlement prefers coniferous crops;
fluffy trametes (Trametes pubescens). Favorite growing place - birch and coniferous stumps or dead wood. Lives in groups. The hats are covered with soft fluff. The color comes in various shades of gray. The pulp is white, firm.

Having a beautiful appearance and aroma, inedible mushrooms attract the eye, they are easy to confuse with edible specimens, so you should pay special attention to their description.

Evaluation of taste, simple and delicious recipes for cooking

Young fruiting bodies of the scaly tinder fungus can be eaten, they are assigned the fourth edibility category. Old Polyporus are not suitable for food, as they become very tough. Timely collected and properly prepared mushroom has excellent taste.

Primary processing

After collecting, the tinder fungus must be soaked as quickly as possible, otherwise it will begin to grow stiff. You need to soak for at least six hours, ideally for a day. In this case, the water must be changed frequently. During the day - every hour.

After soaking, peel off the top skin in the form of scales and cut off the legs, as they are very hard. Cut off the dense parts of the mushroom, which are usually near the stem.

Cooking

Before any further culinary processing, the mushroom must be boiled for half an hour. For 500 grams of forest fruits, you should take three liters of water. The strained broth can be used to make soup.

Pickling

For cooking you will need:

0.5 kg of boiled mushrooms;
80 g apple cider vinegar 5%;
120 g of vegetable oil;
2-3 cloves of garlic;
10 black peppercorns;
1 tsp salt;
2 tsp Sahara;
4 things. bay leaf.

Cooking process:

Press the garlic through a press.
Put all the ingredients in a deep frying pan, cover with a lid and put on medium heat and simmer for 10 minutes.
Cool, transfer to a jar and refrigerate for 4 hours.

Freezing

Blot the prepared boiled mushrooms with a napkin, removing excess moisture. Divide into small containers of 100-300 grams. Place in the freezer and use as needed.

Frying

Ingredients:

mushrooms - 500 g;
onions - 2 pcs.;
vegetable oil - 3 tablespoons;
dill and parsley greens - 50 g;
salt, pepper - to taste.

Preparation:

Boil the mushrooms.
Cut the onion into quarters.
Heat vegetable oil in a skillet and fry the vegetable in it until it becomes transparent.
As soon as the onion has reached the desired state, add boiled mushrooms to the pan and fry over medium heat for 10-15 minutes.

Salting for the winter

Ingredients:

mushrooms - 3 kg;
table salt - 120 g;
dill (greens, inflorescences or seeds) - to taste;
black pepper - 30-35 peas;
chavrovy leaf - 6 pcs.;
garlic - 4-5 cloves.

The pre-boiled mushrooms are laid out in a salting container with all the other ingredients in the following order:

A bay leaf, chopped garlic and dill, as well as black pepper are placed on the bottom.
Spread the mushrooms on the spices in a layer of about 7 cm and sprinkle with salt.
Lay out a few more layers to the edge of the container.
Cover the blank with a napkin, put the load on top and put it in a dark place for a month.
After the required time, the mushrooms will be ready to eat.

Drying

How to dry hare:

Wipe the polypores with a damp cloth, thoroughly removing the soil and any other contamination.
Cut into medium sized pieces.
String on the thread so that the pieces do not touch each other.
Hang to dry outdoors in a sunny place.
You can cover with gauze so that insects have no access to fungi.

Tinder fungus cutlets

Ingredients:

mushrooms - 500 g;
white loaf - 4 slices;
onions - 2 pcs.;
vegetable oil - 150 g;
wheat flour - 130g;
water - 100 ml;
chicken egg - 1 pc.;
garlic - 2 cloves;
salt, pepper - to taste.

Preparation:

Pass the prepared boiled mushrooms through a meat grinder with a fine grid 2-3 times.
Soak the loaf slices in water for 7-10 minutes.
Grind the onion and garlic in a meat grinder.
Combine prepared foods with egg, salt and spices.
Form cutlets, roll them in flour and fry in vegetable oil on both sides.

Autumn honey agaric

Autumn honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is the causative agent of white sapwood (peripheral) rot of roots and trunks. Currently, many researchers consider it not as a separate species of fungi, but as a complex of closely related species, differing in areas, morphological and biological features.

Many conifers and deciduous species, as well as fruit crops are affected. Often, honey fungus occurs as a saprotroph on dry, deadwood and stumps, but under certain conditions it turns into a parasitic way of life and infects living trees and shrubs, causing them to dry out.

Mushroom on the trunk

Autumn honey agaric is widespread in different categories of forest and urban plantings.

External signs of the disease in conifers are manifested in the thinning of the crown, yellow-green, yellow-brown or brown color of the needles, the presence of cracks and resinification in the butt of the trunks.
When deciduous species are affected, the crowns of diseased trees become openwork due to crushing of leaf blades. Premature fall of foliage is often observed, cracks form in the butt of the trunks, from which a mucous liquid sometimes flows out.

The characteristic modifications of the mycelium (mycelium) in the form of films and rhizomorphs and fruiting bodies (basidiomas) are reliable signs of autumn honey fungus.

White fan-shaped films form under the bark of thick roots and trunks, covering a significant part of their surface. At first they are thin, but over time they thicken, turn yellow, partially split and transform into rhizomorphs.

Rhizomorphs develop under the bark of roots and trunks and on the surface of the roots.
Subcrustal rhizomorphs have the appearance of dark brown, flat, branching cords.
The outer rhizomorphs are dark brown, almost black, rounded in cross section, similar to the roots of higher plants. They spread up to 30 m and infect healthy roots. Outside rhizomorphs can also move from infected roots to healthy ones through the litter.

Rhizomorphs of the mushroom

The most active development and distribution of rhizomorphs occurs at high humidity and temperatures from +17 ° C to 25 ° C.

Fruiting bodies (basidiomas) of autumn honeydew have the appearance of annual caps on a central leg. Caps are convex or flat, often with a tubercle in the center, yellowish brown, grayish brown, covered with darker scales. The hymenophore is lamellar, white. Stem up to 10-15 cm long, slightly thickened at the base, light brown, fine-scaled, with a white fluffy ring under the cap. Fruiting bodies are formed in groups on old stumps, deadwood and dead wood trunks. In very rare cases, basidiomas can be found on the roots and at the base of the trunks of affected living trees.

Honey mushroom films

The basidiospores formed on the hymenophore plates are spread by air currents, rainwater, animals and infect stumps and roots. The most active formation of basidiospores, their scattering and infection occurs at the end of summer - in autumn in humid warm weather.

Autumn honey fungus affects woody plants, as a rule, against the background of their preliminary weakening caused by various unfavorable factors (weather conditions, damage by other diseases, damage by pests, industrial air and soil pollution, etc.).

Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)

Synonyms:

Lacquered polypore, or lacquered Ganoderma (lat.Ganoderma lucidum) is a mushroom of the genus Ganoderma (lat.Ganoderma) of the Ganoderma family (lat.Ganodermataceae).

Lacquered polypores are found in almost all countries of the world at the base of weakened and dying trees, as well as on dead deciduous wood, very rarely on coniferous wood. Occasionally, varnished tinder fungus is found on living trees, but more often fruiting bodies are found on stumps, not far from the soil surface. Sometimes basidiomas grown on tree roots buried in the ground can be found directly on the soil. From July to late autumn.

The cap is 3-8x10-25x2-3 cm, reniform or almost ovoid, flat, very dense and woody. The skin is smooth, shiny, uneven, wavy, divided into many concentric growth rings of different shades. The color of the cap varies from reddish to brown-violet, or (sometimes) black with a yellowish tinge and clearly visible growth rings.

The leg is 5-25 cm in height, 1-3 cm in ∅, lateral, long, cylindrical, uneven and very dense. The pores are small and rounded, 4-5 per 1 mm². The tubules are short, ocher. The spore powder is brown.

The pulp is ocher-colored, very tough, odorless and tasteless. The pulp is spongy at first, then woody. The pores are whitish at first, turn yellow and brown with age.

The mushroom is inedible, it is used exclusively for medical purposes.

Spreading
Lacquered polypore - saprophyte, wood destroyer (causes white rot). It is found in almost all countries of the world at the base of weakened and dying trees, as well as on dead deciduous wood, very rarely on coniferous wood. Occasionally, varnished tinder fungus is found on living trees, but more often fruiting bodies are found on stumps, not far from the soil surface. Sometimes fruiting bodies grown on tree roots buried in the ground can be found directly on the soil. During growth, the mushroom can pick up twigs, leaves and other debris into the cap. In Russia, varnished tinder fungus is widespread mainly in the southern regions, in the Stavropol and Krasnodar territories, in the North Caucasus. In temperate latitudes, it is less common than in the subtropics.

Recently, it has spread widely in Altai, in places of predatory felling.

Season: July to late autumn.

Cultivation
The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum is carried out exclusively for medical purposes. Fruit bodies traditionally serve as raw materials for obtaining biologically active substances, much less often the vegetative mycelium of this fungus. Fruit bodies are obtained using extensive and intensive technologies. The vegetative mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum is obtained by submerged culture.

The Reishi mushroom is highly prized and cultivated in the countries of Southeast Asia.

Application The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is one of the famous basidiomycetes used for medicinal purposes for more than two thousand years by the peoples of Southeast Asia. Linzhi is mentioned in many ancient Chinese medical books: "Herbalist Shen Nun" (Shen Nun Ben Cao Qin) "Compendium of Medicinal Substances" and others. The monograph (Ben Cao Gan Mu) describes Linzhi as the "top" medicine, which means - the most precious , a heaven-given remedy for disease. The books also described in detail the characteristics, methods of application and therapeutic actions of Linchzhi: “... the smell is not pungent, the taste is slightly bitter, intended to eliminate overflow in the chest, increase the qi (energy) of the heart, nourish the middle part of the body, strengthen memory. Medicines based on Linzhi dilate the coronary artery of the heart, enrich the blood with oxygen, eliminate coronary heart disease (CHD), prevent myocardial infarction, and normalize cardiac activity. It was used for various diseases, including bronchial asthma, neurasthenia, gastritis, and liver diseases.

Intensive studies of Ganoderma lucidum over the past decades have shown that biologically active substances isolated from this fungus have immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, gene-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, cardiac, antioxidant- , respiratory and nervous systems.

Reasons for the growth of mushroom stumps

Individuals settling in this way are classified as saprophytic fungi that feed on the remains of various microorganisms.They parasitize on the body of a stump or a living tree, destroying the wood. Fungal spores spread in places of damage, forming a mycelium, which allows fungi to go deeper into the wood, affecting it.

Causes of fungi on stumps:

Mechanical damage (saw cut, breaking off).
Irregular garden maintenance.
Damage to trees by pests.
Special colonization of fungal spores on stumps or trees for the purpose of cultivating edible species.

False doubles

Polypores are mostly similar to similar species, they are easy enough to distinguish if you are careful when collecting. Before you go on a quiet hunt, you need to carefully study the photo.

Name	Fruiting body	Place of growth	Edibility
Tinder fungus birch	It resembles a huge brown bud	Birch	Inedible
Oak polypore	Rounded or fan-shaped, may have a small stem, velvety, brown, yellowish	Oak	Inedible
Chaga	Outwardly resembles a growth on a tree, the color is black, inside is dark brown	Birch trees	Inedible
False tinder fungus	Hoof-shaped, very tightly attached to the tree, very hard, rusty or brownish-brown	Found on all trees	Inedible
Fox tinder	Bright orange color, pubescent at a young age	Aspen, less often on other larch trees	Inedible

All polypores are inedible, but most of them have found their application in traditional and official medicine.

When harvesting yourself, you should be extremely careful.

Can I eat?

As we wrote above, among the mushrooms growing on trees and stumps, those that can be eaten are found. Although it should be noted that there are much fewer of them than among those that grow in the soil. The most famous among the mushrooms found on the trunks are honey agarics. This is the popular name for a group of edible mushrooms that belong to a variety of morphological groups. The mushroom was named so - honey agaric, because most often it grows on living or already dead wood, on stumps.

Did you know? Honey mushrooms are an important product for human health. So, it contains trace elements involved in hematopoiesis. With the use of 100 g of these mushrooms per day, a person will satisfy his daily need for such important elements as copper and zinc..

false mushrooms.

Description of tinder fungus changeable

Fruiting bodies of variable tinder fungi are small. The diameter of the cap is no more than 5 centimeters. The edges of the cap are initially tucked up, but over time they open up, and a deep depression remains in the center. The hat is fleshy, dense, but at the same time its edges are thin. Its surface is smooth. The color of the cap is ocher or yellowish brown. In mature specimens, caps are fibrous, fading. After rain, the cap becomes shiny and smooth, sometimes radial stripes stand out.

The pulp is leathery, elastic. The pulp has a pleasant aroma, mushroom tubules are light ocher in color, they run down from the cap to the leg. The tubular layer is very fine. Spore powder is white. The pores are cylindrical, smooth, transparent.

The knife is quite long and thin - its height reaches 7 centimeters, and its width does not exceed 8 millimeters. Most often it is placed in the center of the cap. The leg is straight in shape; in the upper part it expands slightly.Its surface is velvety. The color of the leg is dark brown or black. A velvety zone is clearly visible at the base. The stem is fibrous and dense in structure.

Places of growth and fruiting time of variable tinder fungi

These fungi develop on thin fallen branches, stumps and remains of deciduous trees. Mostly they prefer to settle on a beech. They are found in forests of various types. Fruiting time is mid-summer - mid-autumn. Tinder fungi are widespread in places.

Similarity of tinder fungus mutable with other mushrooms

For beginners, all polypores look about the same. Although this species is called variable, it has a fairly large number of distinguishing characteristics due to which it can be recognized. For example, such a feature is a black color of the leg, a white tubular layer and small pores.

The tinder fungus can be confused with the chestnut tinder fungus, but it is also inedible. However, chestnut tinder fungi are distinguished by larger sizes of fruit bodies and glossy legs.

Kindred

Birch sponge or birch tinder fungus is an inedible mushroom. The fruit body of the birch tinder fungus is sessile, without a leg. Its shape is flattened, reniform. The diameter is large, it can reach 20 centimeters. The pulp has a well-defined mushroom aroma.

Birch tinder fungi grow singly or in small clusters. Places of growth are dead wood. They also live on living, but sick trees. The mycelium causes the wood to rot. The wood begins to decay quickly and dust remains from it. These are annual mushrooms that bear fruit in late summer. These tinder fungi are not eaten because of the tough pulp and bitterness.

False oak tinder fungus is an inedible mushroom. The diameter of the fruit body of the false oak tinder fungus is 5-20 centimeters. At first it looks like a kidney, then it becomes spherical. These mushrooms are thick, sessile, attached to trees sideways. Above there are concentric irregular grooves. The color of the mushroom is gray-brown and can be black-brown. The pulp is tough, woody.

These are perennial mushrooms. They bear fruit from spring to autumn. False oak polypores parasitize living oaks, and after the death of the tree they continue to live on dead wood. Cause the development of white rot. They are found singly or in small groups.

Features of collection, time and place of fruiting

It grows in most cases on dead birches, because of it, yellow-brown or red-brown rot appears on the trunk of the tree. It develops actively and causes a destructive effect. The birch quickly withers away, becomes rotten. The onset of infection comes from the root of the tree, then gradually spreads throughout the trunk. The greatest distribution of the fungus was recorded in Western Siberia.

It is believed that the birch tinder fungus grows throughout Russia, where there are birches, with the exception of taiga and tundra. Fruiting begins in early summer and ends in late autumn.

Throughout the entire growth period, the birch tinder fungus can be harvested: it is carefully separated from the tree, and before harvesting, the lower part or hymenophore is removed. If a crust has already appeared on the cap, then it is also removed. Harvesting is done on the day of collection, they dry quickly, then tinctures are prepared from them, which are stored in the refrigerator.

Using stumps to grow mushrooms

Recent Entries

Oak Milk (Lactarius zonarius)

Poisonous and inedible types of mushrooms

Evaluation of taste, simple and delicious recipes for cooking

Primary processing

Cooking

Pickling

Freezing

Frying

Salting for the winter

Drying

Tinder fungus cutlets

Autumn honey agaric

Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)

Reasons for the growth of mushroom stumps

False doubles

Can I eat?

Description of tinder fungus changeable

Places of growth and fruiting time of variable tinder fungi

Similarity of tinder fungus mutable with other mushrooms

Kindred

Features of collection, time and place of fruiting