Larch moss

Varieties

In the world there are 18 species of Mokhoviks suitable for human consumption. They are classified according to their appearance. The most common are the following:

• The flywheel is green: the cap has a greenish-olive color, the flesh is yellowish, the leg is thin, cylindrical in shape.
• Motley moss: it differs from its counterparts in the cracked skin of the cap, through which the flesh of a pink hue and the leg of a yellowish color are visible. More common in mixed forests.
• The flywheel is yellow-brown: it is characterized by a gray-orange hat, which is more convex in comparison with other species, darkens with age to a red-brown hue;
• The flywheel is red: the size of the representatives of this species is smaller than the others, and plus it is also less common. Has a brighter reddish-brown color, especially young specimens.
• Powdered or blackened flywheel: in addition to the seemingly dusty cap characteristic of a young mushroom, it has a peculiarity to sharply blue at a break, and then turn black.
• Pink-footed flywheel: the cap has a smooth surface of a brown-chestnut shade, and the leg at the base is bright pink.
• Velvet flywheel: it has the same color of the cap as the Variegated one, but without cracks.

Mushroom pickers sometimes confuse young specimens with boletus, and as they grow, the similarity with boletus increases.

The appearance of a green flywheel

Young caps are white inside, hemispherical and pubescent, become smooth and deepened, crack when ripe and reveal yellow flesh under the cuticle. The skin of the cap is difficult to remove. With the full disclosure of the pale olive or yellowish brown color of the green flywheel cap:

• become dark brown;
• acquire a diameter of 4 to 8 cm;
• no coloring pigmentation at the edges or cracks;
• have uneven edges, slightly wavy.

The pulp is 1-2.5 cm thick, firm. Whitish to pale yellow in color, turning blue when cut.

The tubes and pores are yellow-chrome, darken with age, the tubes are attached to the stem. When exposed, the pores usually turn blue (but not in all specimens), but in all specimens this area turns brown.

The leg is in the color of the cap or slightly darker from 1 to 2 cm in diameter, 4 to 8 cm long, sometimes slightly convex at the ground and expanding towards the top near the cap, the flesh does not significantly change color or slightly reddens when cut. There is no ring on the leg.

Spores of uneven ellipsoidal shape, smooth, 10-15 x 4-6 microns. Spore brown-olive print. Smell / taste mushroom.

Pepper Mushroom, Chalciporus piperatus

Hat: Copper-red to dark-rusty color, rounded-convex, 2-6 cm in diameter. The surface is dry, slightly velvety. The pulp is sulfur-yellow, it turns red on the cut. The taste is quite spicy, peppery. The smell is weak.

Hymenophore: Tubules descending along the stem, cap color or darker, with uneven wide pores, quickly turn dirty brown when touched.

Spore powder: Yellow-brown.

Leg: Length 4-8 cm, thickness 1-1.5 cm, cylindrical, solid, often curved, sometimes narrowed to the bottom, the same color as the cap, yellowish at the bottom. There is no ring.

Distribution: Pepper fungus is common in dry coniferous forests, occurs quite often, but usually not too abundantly, from July to late autumn. It can also, according to old data, form mycorrhiza with deciduous species, for example, with young birches. However, the serious site "Mushrooms of the Novosibirsk Region" indicates that in fact Chalciporus piperatus parasitizes the red fly agaric, Amanita muscaria. Looking at the speed with which the science of mycology is ahead of the human mind, it becomes somehow strange.

Similar species: Chalciporus piperatus can be confused with various representatives of the genus Suillus (in other words, with boletus).Pepper mushroom differs from butter, firstly, by its radical taste, secondly - by the red color of the spore-bearing layer (in buttermilk it is closer to yellow), thirdly - it never has a ring on the stem. a fungus named Chalciporus rubinus - it is associated with deciduous trees and has dark red pores. Obviously, it is found much less often - or simply so similar to a more common species that it does not attract much attention of amateurs. At the same time, the contradiction between the obvious edibility and the described bitterness of the mushroom leads to suspicions that we are not very good at distinguishing between pepper mushroom and Chalciporus rubinus, mainly dealing with the latter.

Yellow-brown flywheel

belongs to the boletus family

The cap of such mushrooms is distinguished by a tucked edge and a brown yellowish color. Its diameter reaches fifteen centimeters. The surface cracks and changes color over time: for example, young mushrooms have a gray-yellow cap, a little later it turns red, and in adulthood it gets a light ocher color. The pulp is light yellow and quite firm.

It is often found in mixed or coniferous forests. It can be eaten pickled, salted or fried, and can also be dried.

General information

The flywheel is a mushroom of the bolet family. He is a relative of the well-known boletus. The green, Polish, red and variegated subspecies are distinguished by the brightest taste.

Each variety has its own characteristics, but there are general characteristics, which include:

• dry and slightly velvety hat;
• cracks may appear on the skin as it grows;
• the diameter can be up to 9 centimeters.

The flesh of the mushroom is reddish, yellowish or white. At the bottom of the cap there is a hymenophore, which is a layer of spore-forming cells. In the flywheel, it is tubular.

A characteristic feature is that when the hymenophore is pressed, a bluish tint remains at the contact site.

The stem is smooth or wrinkled, again depending on the variety. Its dimensions can reach 8 centimeters.

Fractured flywheel. Types and their description with photo

The genus Mokhovik combines 18 species. The most common varieties are:

1. Green flywheel stands out for its olive-brown or greenish-gray cap, slightly protruding and slightly velvety. It can be 12 or even 16 cm in cross section. The cylindrical leg is slightly thicker in the upper part, a brown mesh can be seen. The thickness of the leg can be up to 2 cm, and the height is within 4-11 cm. The flesh is snow-white, slightly blue at the cut. The hymenophore is yellowish.
2. The red flywheel is called so because of the red-brown cap with a diameter of 3-8 cm. On convex young specimens, straightened - dry weather acquires cracks. The thin leg has the color of the cap, but is slightly lighter, in the upper part it is yellow. Possible thickness - 1 cm, and height - 4-12. The hymenophore is yellow, tinted with olive or green color. The pulp is dense, with yellowness. When pressed or cut intensely blue.
3. A variegated or fissured flywheel can be recognized by a network of cracks (white or pink) on a small 8-10 cm velvety hat. , olive-chocolate, red-terracotta gray-ocher. The hat looks like a chubby pillow. Often this "pillow" is crushed in the central part.

   With vetlo-yellow or green-olive hymenophore with large pores slightly descends on a peduncle 5-7 cm high and 1-2 cm thick. The pedicle is club-shaped, straight or slightly curved, reddish below, yellow above. The pulp is white or yellow, in the lower part of the leg and under the skin of the cap is red. When cut or pressed, this mushroom quickly turns blue.

4. The Polish mushroom has a fleshy convex cap with a diameter of 5-15 cm. The color is chestnut or red-brown or just brown. The surface is dry or damp (sticky in the rain). The skin of young specimens is velvety, old specimens are smooth.

   The leg is 4-12 cm long and 0.8-4 cm in diameter - smooth, light brown or yellow with reddening and fibers, cylindrical, sometimes thickened in the lower part. The pulp is white or slightly yellow, it can also turn blue in case of tissue damage.

Cooking features and answers to common questions

This product can be stewed and boiled, fried and dried, pickled and salted - in any form it is very tasty.

But it needs to be properly prepared:

• rinse with running water;
• separate the caps and legs;
• clean all parts of the mushroom from dust and earth with a stiff brush;
• cut out dark spots and hard areas with a sharp knife;
• get rid of the spore layer under the cap;

pour cold water for 10 minutes (to remove dirt residues);
place in a colander until the water drains;
dry with a paper towel.

You need to cook for at least 30 minutes. Before the cooking process, they need to be divided into pieces and covered with boiling water for 10 minutes. Boiled mushrooms can be fried. The maximum time is 10 minutes. The cover is not needed. The fire is minimal.

Before frying the caps of raw mushrooms should be separated from the legs and soaked for 1 hour in cold water. Then they must be rolled in flour and sent to a frying pan with a small amount of sunflower oil. Cooking time over low heat is about 40 minutes.

Description of the flywheel mushroom

Flywheels from different genera have unique generic characteristics, but they all share the following characteristics:

Hat

A bit dry and velvety. In overripe specimens, the skin is cracked. The size of the cap depends on the stage of life, but does not exceed 9 cm.

Pulp

The color appears at the incision site. The body remains white, turns yellow, turns red, and turns blue in most species.

Hymenophore

The pores of the tubules are wide, showing a red, from yellow to greenish-yellow color. After damage, the tubules turn blue.

Leg

The texture depends on the species, shriveled or smooth, the stem grows up to 8 cm high.

Disputed stamp

The shade depends on the species.

Useful properties and restrictions to use

The nutritional benefits of these mushrooms are quite high, they have the following effects:

• used as a natural antibiotic, help in the treatment of inflammatory processes;
• contribute to the normalization of mucous eyes and improve vision;
• vitamins A, B, C, D, PP contained in fruits and minerals (especially molybdenum) restore the normal functioning of the thyroid gland;
• improve the condition of nails and hair;

B vitamins contribute to the renewal of nerve cells;
frequent use of these mushrooms reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, helps to remove toxins and toxins, strengthens the immune system, renews the blood;
help to follow a diet (the calorie content of the product is 19 kcal per 100 g);
a large amount of protein in mushrooms restores athletes' strength and builds up their muscle mass.

With all the positive properties of mushrooms, one should not forget that mushrooms are a heavy food. It is not recommended for people with problems of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

When it is better to bypass the flywheels

The hats of the fly agaric and the panther fly agaric are similar. In a poisonous mushroom, it is lamellar, in flyworms, it is tubular. Therefore, if there is no experience in identifying mushrooms, it is better not to pick mushrooms if you do not understand the peculiarities of the morphology of mushrooms.

Like other species, mushrooms are hard on the human gastrointestinal tract, even after cooking. They exacerbate the course of stomach and liver diseases, food allergies. Children do not have enzymes to digest mushroom food, not just flyworms.

Avoid mushroom meadows near roads, industrial plants, and lanes near industrially cultivated agricultural fields. Flywheels readily accumulate harmful substances and retain them even after careful preparation.

False flywheels

Flywheel parasite

Not poisonous, bitter, unpleasant in taste, grows on the remains of warty pseudo-raincoat. The hat is up to 5 cm in diameter, does not turn blue when damaged.

Chestnut mushroom

Brown-red, convex, up to 8 cm in diameter, does not change color when cut.Leg-cylinder 3.5 x 3 cm to match the cap. This flywheel is edible, but only after boiling and drying. Then the bitterness disappears.

Gall mushroom

The massive leg resembles the leg of a porcini mushroom. The diameter of the spongy cap is up to 7 cm. The reddish pulp is bitter in taste, burns the tongue. Arthropods do not eat or lay larvae in this mushroom.

Pepper mushroom

The cap is light brown, convex, up to 7 cm in diameter. The flesh is loose, yellow, reddish when cut, with a spicy peppery taste. The leg is bent, cylindrical, color to match the cap, yellower at the ground.

Differences from false, inedible mushrooms?

The edible flywheel has the ability to quickly turn blue at the cut or in the place where it was pressed, while the false one does not. Usually, false mushrooms have no smell or it is barely perceptible. The edible flywheel cannot be found on the mycelium of the false raincoat, while the "deceiver" loves such a neighborhood.

False flywheels look like this:

1. The parasitic flywheel is characterized by its modest size. The convex, velvety and oily cap measuring 2-7 cm is colored yellow, brown or nutty. The pulp is pale yellow, odorless, unable to turn blue. The leg is solid, in the shape of a cylinder. Its height is 3-6 cm, thickness is 0.8-1.5 cm. The parasite is often found in a company with false raincoats.

A cylindrical or club-shaped leg reaches a height of 12 cm and a thickness of 3 cm. The pulp is odorless. Often the gall fungus grows at the base of trees and near rotten stumps, it is never wormy.

Collection times and rules

Flywheels enter the season of mass fruiting from July to the whole of September. However, each has its own terms. For example, the first fractured flywheels begin to appear in the last decade of June and can catch the eye of mushroom pickers until the end of September. The main collection of these mushrooms is carried out from the second half of August to the second half of September.

The Polish mushroom can be hunted quietly from June to November. It is often found when the season for other tubular mushrooms has ended. The harvest season of the green flywheel is May-October, the red one is August-September.

A good time of day for picking is early morning, before the sun warms up the mushrooms. In this case, they are stored for a long time.

When collecting mushrooms, each specimen must be carefully cut with a sharp knife at the base.

It is better to leave old and overgrown mushrooms in place. For a long time, they could well have accumulated substances harmful to humans. Each mushroom found and cut must be cleaned of soil, grass, foliage, needles and placed in a container for collection with the cap down for good preservation.

A mushroom that looks like a flywheel. Does the mushroom fly blue

Sometimes in the forests there are fungi growing in areas overgrown with moss. These are flyworms belonging to the genus Bolet. They got their name from their place of growth. Among them, there are species unsuitable for human consumption. To make sure whether the mushroom found is edible, determine the flywheel turns blue on the cut or not.

Does the mushroom fly blue

Distribution locations

Flywheels grow mainly in coniferous forests, and sometimes they can be found in mixed forests of temperate latitudes, on the slopes of ravines, at the bases or in the trunks of fallen trees. Most often they grow one at a time, less often - in small groups, forming a dense plexus of mycelium and moss. In addition to mycorrhizal species, soil saprotrophs are also present among the moss. Mass collection period: from early summer to late autumn. Among them there is an interesting species - parasitic flyworm, the place of residence of which is the fruiting bodies of pseudo-raincoats.

How to distinguish

If you accidentally take a false mushroom, then you do not need to immediately panic, since it will not cause any harm to your health, but simply has a not very pleasant taste. Doubles are much smaller than their edible counterparts. They also do not turn blue when cut and do not smell.

False flywheels include the following:

1. Chestnut. It is characterized by a convex shape and brown reddish color. The cap can be up to 8 centimeters in diameter. Its color does not change after being cut.It is this variety that is often confused with the Polish moss. But it is also often confused with the satanic mushroom, which can pose a serious health hazard.

2. Gall flywheel resembles a porcini mushroom, because it has a strong and massive leg. The mushroom cap is spongy and contains a pink substance that causes a burning sensation at the tip of the tongue. In addition, the gall fungus is not interesting to insects.
3. Pepper mushroom has a 7-centimeter brownish bulbous cap. Its flesh is yellow and very friable, but when cut it begins to turn red.

Characteristics

There are several types of flyworms that differ in appearance. These mushrooms are widespread almost all over the world, and they can be recognized by their spongy pulp and reaction to cut and pressure.

The appearance and morphology of the moss

Photos and writing of the flywheel mushroom make it possible to unmistakably recognize the fruit in the forest. Its main features:

1. The hat is slightly velvety and usually dry (in certain species it becomes sticky in high humidity conditions); in young specimens it is rounded; in adults - cushion or flat, possibly with cracks.

Distribution locations

The natural range of this fungus is Eurasia, North Africa, North America and even Australia. Mostly he chose temperate latitudes, and such species as the green flyworm, even the conditions of the subarctic and alpine belts are suitable.

In coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, together with woody roots, moss plants form mycorrhiza (symbiotic association). They are comfortable on sandy grounds. Solitary specimens (occasionally small groups) grow in forest glades, in mosses and on anthills, some species adapt on stumps and tree trunks.

Edible or not

Mosswheel has high taste and a lot of useful properties, therefore it is often used in dietary food. The fruits are processed by any of the methods of heat treatment, without losing their taste and nutritional qualities.

Differences of a false flywheel

Edible Mosswheel turns blue when cut

The edible flywheel turns blue when cut. In addition to edible mushrooms of this type, there are those that are forbidden to eat. They are not poisonous, but their taste is extremely unpleasant:

1. Chestnut mushroom: young specimens are characterized by a brown cotton-filled stem that becomes hollow with age. If damaged, the surface does not change color. The hat is red-brown.
2. Pepper and gall mushrooms: their difference from edible species of flyworm is the ability of the pulp to acquire a red tint when cut. In addition, pepper mushrooms have an unpleasant, pungent taste.
3. The flywheel is parasitic, or m. Parasitic: it parasitizes on other mushrooms - pseudo-raincoats, they are distinguished by a small cap size - up to 5 cm.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The parasitic flywheel in appearance very much resembles the green flywheel, differing from it, firstly, in its smaller size and, secondly, in the place of growth. This species is very rare, found in dry places, on sandy soils in forests, where hard deciduous trees are predominant. Here it grows on the fruiting bodies of pseudo-raincoats belonging to the species Scleroderma aurantium / It is known in Europe, North America and North Africa, on the territory of the Russian Federation it is found in the Smolensk region, as well as in Belarus.

By the way. In addition to the flyworm parasitizing on the fruit bodies of other species of mushrooms, the flyworm lives asteraceae. He chose the hygrometric starlet as his place of residence and is known in Japan.

Given that there are false flyworms, sorting through the harvested crop, you should inspect the places of the cuts and make sure that they have a blue tint typical for edible specimens.After a thorough examination, they are washed, cleaned, if desired, boiled or fried. They are also good for drying, pickling or salting. They are suitable for long-term storage and do not lose their taste when frozen.

Green flywheel

Such flywheels are considered the most common. They are distinguished by the brownish-golden surface of the cap, the diameter of which often reaches ten to twelve centimeters. The leg is cylindrical and has a green color. Height - up to 9 cm, thickness - up to 4 cm. The flesh is white and quite dense, turns blue in the cut.

This species is found in forests, near highways and in spacious meadows. Green mushrooms are boiled, frozen, pickled and fried.

At the same time, it is not customary to dry them, because the pulp begins to turn black during prolonged storage.

Mushroom flywheel wikipedia. Mushrooms

The flywheel (lat.Xerocomus) is a genus of edible tubular mushrooms of the Boletaceae family. It got its name from the frequent growth of fruit bodies in moss.

Some taxonomists attribute mushrooms of this genus to the genus Borovik (Boletus), which is primarily due to the heterogeneity of the genus Xerocomus.

Polish mushroom

Imleria badia

Synonyms: Chestnut moss, Brown mushroom, Pan mushroom, Xerocomus badius, Boletus badius.

Categories: P, Edible mushrooms

A popular and tasty edible mushroom (category 2) - especially in late autumn, when other boletus go. The blue-blue color of the white flesh disappears during cooking. It is used in a variety of ways: fresh (in soups and roasts after boiling for 15 minutes), salted and pickled, dried (takes on a pleasant light yellow color) and frozen.

• Group: tubular
• Color: red-brown

Butter dish yellow-brown

Suillus variegatus

Synonyms: Motley Butter, Marsh Moss, Sandy Moss, Yellow-brown Moss, Bolotovik, Pestrets, Scientific synonyms.

Categories: M, Edible mushrooms

• Group: tubular
• Pulp: turns blue when cut
• Flesh: firm

Categories: M, Edible mushrooms

Motley moss

Xerocomellus chrysenteron

Synonyms: Yellow-beef moss, Fissured moss, Pasture boletus, Xerocomus chrysenteron, Boletus_chrysenteron, Boletus cupreus, Boletus pascuus.

Categories: M, Edible mushrooms

Porous boletus

Xerocomellus porosporus

Synonyms: Porosporous moss, Boletus porosporus, Xerocomus porosporus, Boletus porosporus.

Categories: B, Edible mushrooms

• Group: tubular
• Hymenophore: yellow
• Color: brown

Powdered flywheel

Cyanoboletus pulverulentus

Synonyms: Dusty Boletus, Powdered Flywheel, Boletus pulverulentus, Xerocomus pulverulentus.

Categories: M, Edible mushrooms

• Group: tubular
• Color: brown
• Color: red-brown

Chestnut mosswheel

Boletus ferrugineus

Synonyms: Brown moss, dark brown moss, Boletus spadiceus, Xerocomus ferrugineus, Xerocomus spadiceus.

Categories: M, Edible mushrooms

Flywheel red

Hortiboletus rubellus

Synonyms: Boletus rubellus, Xerocomellus rubellus, Blushing Boletus, Reddish Boletus, Red Boletus, Red Boletus, Red Boletus.

Wood flywheel

Buchwaldoboletus lignicola

Synonyms: Boletus lignicola Kallenb, Xerocomus lignicola, Pulveroboletus lignicola.

Categories: M, Inedible mushrooms

Synonyms: Waxy Moss, Frosty Moss, Matt Moss, Boletus fragilipes, Boletus pruinatus, Xerocomus pruinatus, Xerocomus fragilipes.

Wood flywheel. What is a flywheel mushroom

Mushroom green moss or any other type of moss is a close relative of boletus, which grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Most often it is found in moss, hence the name. There are about 18 species of this mushroom, almost all of them are edible, except for some false varieties.

What is a flywheel mushroom

General description of the mushroom

What does a flywheel mushroom look like and how is it classified? This species belongs to the department Basidomycetes, the class Agaricomycetes, the order and family Boletovye, the genus Mokhovik (Xerocomus). In another way, it is called a goat mushroom, a sitovik, a fur coat.

The classification has changed slightly in recent years. Some species of Mokhoviks nevertheless belong to the Borovik genus by specialists due to the specific structure of the representatives of the Mokhovik genus (Xerocomus). Sometimes such mushrooms are called false mushrooms.

Like many edible species, the fruiting body consists of a cap (with a characteristic hymenophore) and a stem. Height reaches 3-11 cm.

Description of the fruiting body:

• Hat: its diameter is from 4 cm to 20 cm. The surface is dry and velvety, often becomes sticky after rain. Color from dark green to brown. In young mushrooms, the cap is convex, in old ones it becomes flat, sometimes it becomes covered with cracks. The peel does not separate from the pulp.
• Hymenophore: tubular, the length of the tubules is about 2 cm. The color of the hymenophore is yellow, sometimes with green or brown tints.
• Spores: Various shades of brown, from olive to dark brown.
• Flesh: dense, the middle in some cases resembles cotton wool in consistency. The shade of the pulp is yellow, yellow-green or red, turns blue on the cut.
• Leg: cylindrical shape, thickened or narrowed from below, depending on the type. The surface is smooth, wrinkled, ribbed, sometimes covered with a fine black mesh, which is also associated with the species. The leg is always lighter than the cap. Diameter - from 0.5 cm to 2-4 cm.