Lyophillum armored

Gray row (Tricholoma portentosum)

Habitat: mixed and coniferous forests, growing in groups.

SEASON: September - November.

The cap is 5-12 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 16 cm, first convex-bell-shaped, later convex. A distinctive feature of the species is a light gray or light creamy surface with a darker grayish brown center, sometimes with a violet or olive tint; the surface is radially fibrous with darker radial fibers in the middle. There is often a flat tubercle in the center of the cap. In young specimens, the surface is smooth and sticky.

The leg is 5-12 cm high, 1-2.5 cm thick, grayish-yellowish, covered with a mealy bloom in the upper part. The stem is short, thickened at the base.

The pulp is whitish and dense with a mealy taste and smell, at first solid, later grooved. Under the skin of the cap, the flesh is gray. Older mushrooms can have a pungent odor.

The plates are whitish, cream or grayish-yellow, straight and attached by a tooth to the pedicle or free. The edge of the cap and plate may become covered with yellowish spots as they age.

Variability: The fungus is highly variable in color depending on the stage of development, time and humidity of the season.

Similar species: the gray ryadovka can be confused with the soap ryadovka (Tricholoma saponaceum), which is similar in shape and color at a young age, but differs in the presence of a strong soapy smell in the pulp.

Cooking methods: frying, boiling, salting. Taking into account the pungent smell, it is not recommended to pick the most mature mushrooms, in addition, to soften the pungent odor, it is recommended to cook in 2 waters.

Edible, 4th category.

Description of the crowded row

Due to their high protein content, mushrooms are a substitute for meat. The crowded row (Lyofillum) replaces chicken not only in nutritional value, but also in taste.

Description of the crowded row

Description of the mushroom

Lyophillums grow on the ground in deciduous or mixed forests. The species begins to bear fruit at the end of August, the last representatives are found in the forest in November.

• the diameter of the cap is 4-12 cm, the color is dirty white, gray-brown, brightens with age;
• the shape of the cap is hemispherical at first, the edges are wrapped, in adult Mushrooms it is convex-outstretched, the edges are wavy or lobed;
• the cap is fleshy, but brittle;
• the plates are frequent, yellowish, when pressed, they become darker;
• leg 3-9 cm high, in girth 0.5-2.5 cm, cylindrical, sometimes slightly swollen or thickened downwards;
• grows in groups, the legs grow together strongly at the base.

The mushroom grows in a large family, but sometimes there are lonely representatives. Mushrooms of different ages with different shapes and shades of caps are found in the group. It is recommended to eat young mushrooms.

According to the description, the crowded row is easy to confuse with a poisonous row that has grown together. The species has a lighter color, a white leg, which becomes hollow with age. Previously, fused lyophyllum was edible, in recent years, after a detailed study of its components, it was ranked as poisonous. During cooking, toxic substances are not removed from the mycelium.

Mushrooms bear fruit from late August to November

The benefits of the mushroom

If properly collected and cooked, mushrooms have the following effects on the body:

• antibacterial;
• antiviral;
• anti-inflammatory;
• anti-radical (prevents excessive oxidation in the body);
• immunostimulating (increases the general resistance of the body to diseases);
• hepatotoxic (cleanses the liver);
• hypoglycemic (lowers blood glucose).

Also, the B vitamins in the composition of the mushroom promote brain activity, increase efficiency. The use of the product helps to strengthen blood vessels.

Contraindications to use

The crowded row is prohibited for use in the following cases:

• age up to 12 years;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• renal failure;
• liver failure.

In the presence of contraindications, poisoning occurs. The main signs are headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loose stools. If symptoms develop, the stomach is washed out to a poisoned person. Then he must take special drugs to remove toxins and normalize the composition of the microflora.

You can't eat mushrooms that grow near working factories, busy highways. Fruiting bodies quickly collect toxins.

Application

The crowded row has found application in cooking, traditional and folk medicine. She is the object of scientific research.

In cooking

Lyophillum is allowed to be eaten only after boiling. The species is classified as conditionally edible. After 10-15 minutes. boiling in clean water, toxic substances are removed from the mycelium.

Boiled mushroom tastes like chicken. It is used with vegetables, added to soups, salted and pickled. Vegetarians use the product to replenish protein in the body.

The crowded row has found application in cooking, traditional and folk medicine

In medicine

The chemical composition and useful properties have led to the widespread use of lyophillums in medicine. Antibacterial and antiviral drugs are obtained from the fruit bodies. Also, mushrooms are included in the diet of patients with diabetes, since they normalize blood sugar levels.

On the basis of lyophillums, drugs are made for atherosclerosis. Some components of the mycelium are capable of stopping the formation of cholesterol plaques.

The anticancer activity of fungi is being studied. Some drugs for sarcoma, breast and uterine cancer contain components of the mycelium.

Crowded lyophyllum (Lyophyllum decastes)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Row crowded
• Group rowing

Synonyms:

Crowded lyophyllum is very widespread. Until recently, it was believed that the main "fiefdom" of this mushroom is parks, squares, roadsides, slopes, edges and similar open and semi-open places. At the same time, there was a separate species, Lyophyllum fumosum (L. smoky gray), associated with forests, especially conifers, some sources even described it as a mycorrhizal forming agent with pine or spruce, outwardly very similar to L.decastes and L.shimeji. Recent molecular studies have shown that no such separate species exists, and all finds classified as L. fumosum are either L.decastes (more commonly) or L. shimeji (less commonly pine forests). Thus, today (2018), the species L.fumosum has been abolished, and is considered a synonym for L.decastes, significantly expanding the habitat of the latter, almost to “anywhere”. Well, L.shimeji, as it turned out, grows not only in Japan and the Far East, but is widespread throughout the boreal zone from Scandinavia to Japan, and, in some places, is found in pine forests of the temperate climatic zone. It differs from L.decastes only in larger fruit bodies with thicker legs, growth in small aggregates or separately, binding to dry pine forests, and at the molecular level.

Description

Hat:
The crowded row has a large cap, 4-10 cm in diameter, in youth it is hemispherical, cushion-shaped, as the mushroom matures, it opens to half-spread, less often spread, often losing the geometric correctness of the outlines (the edge turns upward, becomes wavy, cracks, etc.) ). Caps of different sizes and shapes can usually be found in one splicing. The color is gray-brown, the surface is smooth, often with adhered earth. The flesh of the cap is thick, white, dense, elastic, with a weak "ordinary" smell.

Plates:
Relatively frequent, white, poorly adherent or loose.

Spore powder:
White.

Leg:
Thickness 0.5-1.5 cm, height 5-10 cm, cylindrical, often with a thickened lower part, often twisted, deformed, fused with the base with other legs. The color is from white to brownish (especially in the lower part), the surface is smooth, the pulp is fibrous, very strong.

Spreading

Late mushroom; occurs from late August to late October in forests of various types, preferring specific areas such as forest roads, thinned edges; sometimes it comes across in parks, in meadows, in forbs. In most cases, it bears fruit in large aggregates.

Similar species

The fused row (Lyophyllum connatum) has a light color.
The crowded row can be confused with some edible and inedible species of lamellar mushrooms, growing concretions. Among them are mentioned such species of the family as Collybia acervata (a smaller mushroom with a reddish tinge of the cap and leg), and Hypsizygus tessulatus, which causes brown wood rot, as well as some species of honey agaric from the genus Armillariella and meadow honey (Marasmius oreades).

Edibility

Crowded lyophyllum is considered a low-quality edible fungus; the texture of the pulp gives a comprehensive answer why.

Refinements to the description: Sergey

Description of the edible mushroom

The crowded row is a representative of the row family. The species is also called group ryadovka and crowded lyophyllum. Latin name: Lyophyllum decastes. The mushroom belongs to the 3rd category of edibility.

The cap of the crowded lyophyllum has a cushion or hemispherical shape; as the fruiting body grows, it becomes prostrate. The edges become wavy, then rise up and crack. The diameter of this part is 2-10 cm.

The color of the cap is often light brown, sometimes brownish, sometimes clay-brown with a light edge. The color in the center is much brighter, but gradually brightens significantly. In a damp forest or after rain, the smooth skin becomes slippery and sticky, it can become covered with small darkening scales. Due to the peculiarities of the surface, adhered leaves and needles can often be found on the cap.

The hymenophore (the lower part of the cap) is represented by frequent, yellowish plates, which become darker when pressed. They are frequent, often lagging behind the leg. Spore white powder.

The cut flesh is fibrous and firm, often light brown, with a mealy odor.

The leg is solid and dense, it is characterized by a cylindrical shape. The height of this part is 5-10 cm, diameter is 0.5-2.5 cm. Often there are rows of crowded with a deformed or twisted shape or fused with legs - this is due to the density of the fruit bodies in the group.

A bit of history

This forest mushroom was described in the scientific literature in 1818 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, who gave it the binomial name Agaricus decastes. In 1949, Rolf Singer, an American mycologist of German origin, transferred this species to the genus Lyophyllum, thus establishing its real scientific name as Lyophyllum decastes.

Time and place of fruiting

The crowded row grows in deciduous and mixed forests, prefers the soil with leaf litter, grassy edges. Often grows in gardens and parks, on roadsides.

Fruiting time: autumn, from late August to early November.

How to cook crowded rows of garlic and carrots

Marinating a row crowded with garlic and carrots will make the preparation spicy in taste and very fragrant. You will like such a dish already at the first tasting.

• 2 kg of main product;
• 500 ml of wine vinegar;
• 400 ml of water;
• 10 cloves of garlic;
• 1 carrot;
• 1 leek;
• 1 tbsp. l. lemon peel;
• 2 pcs. bay leaves;
• 3 tsp salt;
• 1.5 tsp Sahara.

It is not difficult to prepare a crowded row, the main thing is to adhere to the steps described.

1. Prepare the rows for heat treatment: peel, cut off the ends of the legs, rinse with plenty of water so that fine sand comes out of the plates.
2. Put in a colander and blanch in boiling water for 5-7 minutes.
3. Let the water drain and cool slightly the mushrooms by placing them on a kitchen towel.
4. Peel the carrots and leeks, cut into cubes and place in a saucepan with wine vinegar and water.
5. Boil after boiling for 5 minutes, add salt, sugar and all the spices.
6. Cook over low heat for 3 minutes, add mushrooms and continue to cook for 20 minutes.
7. Take out the mushrooms with a slotted spoon and put in prepared sterilized jars.
8. Let the marinade boil again, pour the mushrooms to the very top, roll up and turn upside down.
9. Wrap it up with a blanket and after completely cooling the workpiece, take it to a dark and cool place. Store mushrooms at a temperature not exceeding + 10 ° С for no more than 12 months.

Growing at home and in the country

The methods of cultivating crowded rows are similar to the methods of growing mushrooms, but this process will still require certain skills. Features of the cultivation of lyophyllum:

1. The room temperature should be 15 ° C.
2. The most optimal time for breeding rows is May, but autumn is also quite suitable.
3. In the summer cottage, the mushroom is grown in the beds, which should be covered with a film from the scorching sun and precipitation.

To grow rows in the country, you need to do the following:

1. Mix the substrate with mycelium in a 1: 2 ratio, cover with foil to ensure high humidity.
2. After 2-3 weeks, cover the culture with a 5 cm layer of moist soil.
3. In a month, the first fruiting bodies will appear on the surface of the soil.
4. After each harvest, it is necessary to make an additional layer of soil of half a centimeter.
5. As soon as the temperature drops below 5 ° C, cover the ground with mycelium with a cloth, and lay a layer of leaves or straw at least 10 cm on top.

Growing row (Leucocybe connata)

Synonyms:

The accreted row, previously attributed to the genus Lyophyllum, is currently included in another genus - Leucocybe. The systematic position of the genus Leucocybe is not entirely clear, therefore it is included in the Tricholomataceae sensu lato family.

Hat:
The diameter of the cap of a row of accrete is 3-8 cm, in youth it is convex, cushion-shaped, gradually opens with age; the edges of the cap unfold, often giving it an irregular shape. The color is whitish, often with a yellow, ocher or lead (after frost) tint. The center is usually somewhat darker than the edges; sometimes hygrophane concentric zones can be discerned on the cap. The flesh is white, dense, with a weak "ordinary" smell.

Plates:
White, narrow, frequent, slightly descending or adherent to teeth.

Spore powder:
White.

Leg:
Height 3-7 cm, cap color, smooth, hard, fibrous, thickened in the upper part. Since Leucocybe connata often appears in the form of aggregates of several mushrooms, the legs are often deformed and twisted.

Spreading:
It occurs from the beginning of autumn (in my experience - from mid-August) to the end of October in forests of various types, preferring sparse areas, often grows along forest roads and on the roads themselves (our case). As a rule, it bears fruit in clusters (bunches) of 5-15 specimens of different sizes.
Similar species:
Given the characteristic way of growth, it is difficult to confuse the grown rowing with any other mushroom: it seems that no other white mushrooms form such dense aggregates.

Edibility:
The mushroom is edible, but, according to the unanimous statements of prominent authors, it is completely tasteless. Remarks Contrary to logic, last time I confused the ryadovka grown together with the waxy gossip (Clitocybe cerrusata). Perhaps the reason for this was surprise: life decreed that until that moment I had never seen so many white mushrooms growing on a forest road. A good kilometer of the road "bed" was covered with white bunches: here and there crushed, here and there bitten off, here and there - torn off, examined and thrown away. It was very beautiful and mysterious. True, it was 2003, which has already gone down in history as one of the most mushroom years in the past decade ...

Nevertheless, in October of the next year, 2004, the picture repeated itself. The only difference is that the mushrooms did not grow so heap. But they worked their entire kilometer inside and out, which, of course, cannot but rejoice.

Definitioner

rare (rare smell)

In mycology, a rare smell, English. "Raphanoid", is interpreted very loosely and often denotes any smell of raw root vegetables, including potato, ie.not necessarily as sharp, sharp, and crisp as black or white radish.

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Hymeniderm

The type of cap skin, consists of non-septic elements located more or less perpendicular to the surface and laid on the same level, resembling the hymenial layer.

Lat. Hymeniderm.

It is subdivided into trichogymenidermis, eugymenidermis, epithelioid hymenidermis.

There is also a transitional structure of the skin from the hymenidermis to the epithelium. (A mixture of rounded cells, characteristic of the epithelium, but located in one layer, and pear-shaped cells, characteristic of hymenidermis, lying at the same level.)

See Gymnial layer, Trichogymenidermis, Eugymenidermis, Epithelioid hymenidermis, Epithelium, Septa.

Description

The fruit body is large.

The cap is 4-10 (12) cm in diameter, fleshy, brittle, in mature mushrooms it is uneven, with a wavy or lobed edge; often looks longitudinally striped. In young mushrooms, the cap is hemispherical with a curled edge, later it is convex-prostrate with a curved or even raised edge, less often it is prostrate or slightly concave. Caps of different sizes and shapes can be found in one joint. The skin on the cap is smooth (occasionally with small flat dark scales in the center), moist and slightly sticky in wet weather. The color of the cap is off-white, gray or gray-brown, lighter at the edges; brightens with age; does not change when pressed.

The flesh of the cap is dense, elastic, fibrous, light or grayish-brown, with a weak flour ("row") odor and a weak but pleasant taste.

relatively frequent, thick, 0.5 cm wide, with smooth edges, slightly descending or adherent to the tooth, sometimes lag behind the peduncle in maturity; off-white or yellowish (darken with pressure).

Leg 3-8 (10) cm long and 0.5-2.5 cm in diameter, dense, solid, cylindrical or slightly swollen, often tuberous-thickened downwards; white at the plates, grayish-brown to the base. The surface of the leg is smooth, flaky-mealy at the top; longitudinal fibrous pulp. In relation to the cap, the leg is sometimes eccentric. Often, the legs of a group of lyophillums grow together at their bases.

Spore powder is white. Spores 5-7 × 5-6 microns, smooth, broadly ellipsoid, colorless, not amyloid.

Lyophyllum shimeji

Synonyms:

• Tricholoma shimeji
• Lyophillum shimeji

Until recently, it was believed that Shimeji Lyophyllum (Lyophyllum shimeji) is distributed only in a limited area covering the pine forests of Japan and parts of the Far East. At the same time, there was a separate species, Lyophyllum fumosum (L. smoky gray), associated with forests, especially conifers, some sources even described it as a mycorrhizal forming agent with pine or spruce, outwardly very similar to L.decastes and L.shimeji. Recent molecular studies have shown that no such separate species exists, and all finds classified as L. fumosum are either L.decastes (more commonly) or L. shimeji (Lyophillum simeji) (less commonly, in pine forests). Thus, today (2018), the species L.fumosum has been abolished, and is considered a synonym for L.decastes, significantly expanding the habitat of the latter, almost to “anywhere”. Well, L.shimeji, as it turned out, grows not only in Japan and the Far East, but is widespread throughout the boreal zone from Scandinavia to Japan, and, in some places, is found in pine forests of the temperate climatic zone. It differs from L.decastes only in larger fruit bodies with thicker legs, growth in small aggregates or separately, binding to dry pine forests, and at the molecular level.

Description

Hat: 4 - 7 centimeters. In youth, it is convex, with a pronounced curved edge. With age it evens out, becomes slightly convex or practically spread, in the center of the cap, a pronounced wide, low tubercle is almost always preserved. The skin of the cap is slightly matte, smooth. The color range - in gray and brownish tones, from light grayish-brown to dirty gray, can acquire yellowish-gray shades. On the cap, dark hygrophane spots and radial stripes are often clearly distinguishable; sometimes, a small hygrophane pattern in the form of a "mesh" can be present.

Plates: frequent, narrow. Loose or slightly adherent. In young specimens, white, later darken to beige or grayish.

Leg: 3 - 5 centimeters in height and up to one and a half centimeters in diameter, cylindrical. White or grayish. The surface is smooth, can be silky or fibrous to the touch. In the growths formed by mushrooms, the legs are firmly attached to each other.

Ring, bedspread, volva: none.

Flesh: firm, white, slightly grayish in the stem, firm. Does not change color at cut and break.

Smell and taste: pleasant, slightly nutty taste.

Spore powder: white.
Spores: round to broadly ellipsoid. Smooth, colorless, hyaline or with fine-grained intracellular content, weakly amyloid. With a large spread in size, 5.2 - 7.4 x 5.0 - 6.5 microns.

Season and distribution

Active fruiting occurs in August - September.
Lyophyllum shimeji grows in small aggregates and groups, rarely singly.
Distributed throughout Eurasia from the Japanese archipelago to Scandinavia.

Similar types and differences from them

Crowded lyophyllum (Lyophyllum decastes) also grows in aggregates, but these aggregates consist of a much larger amount of fruit chalk. Prefers deciduous forests.The fruiting period is from July to October. Elm lyophyllum (Oyster mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius) is also considered very similar in appearance due to the presence of hygrophane rounded spots on the cap. In oyster mushrooms, fruiting bodies with a more elongated stem and the color of the cap are generally lighter than in Lyophillum simeji

However, these external differences are not so fundamental if we pay attention to the environment. Oyster mushroom does not grow on soil, it grows exclusively on dead wood of deciduous trees: on stumps and wood residues immersed in the soil

Other information about the mushroom

The specific name "Shimeji" comes from the Japanese name for the species Hon-shimeji or Hon-shimejitake. But in fact, in Japan under the name "Shimeji" one can find on sale not only Lyophyllum shimeji, but also, for example, another lyophillum actively cultivated there, elm.

Photo: Vyacheslav

Growing row (Leucocybe connata)

Clitocybe connata;

The accreted row, previously attributed to the genus Lyophyllum, is currently included in another genus - Leucocybe. The systematic position of the genus Leucocybe is not entirely clear, therefore it is included in the Tricholomataceae sensu lato family.

Hat: The diameter of the cap of a row of accrete is 3-8 cm, in youth it is convex, cushion-shaped, gradually opens with age; the edges of the cap unfold, often giving it an irregular shape. The color is whitish, often with a yellow, ocher or lead (after frost) tint. The center is usually somewhat darker than the edges; sometimes hygrophane concentric zones can be discerned on the cap. The flesh is white, dense, with a weak "ordinary" smell.

Blades: White, narrow, frequent, slightly descending or adherent with a tooth.

Spore powder: White.

Leg: Height 3-7 cm, cap color, smooth, hard, fibrous, thickened in the upper part. Since Leucocybe connata often appears in the form of aggregates of several mushrooms, the legs are often deformed and twisted.

Distribution: Occurs from the beginning of autumn (in my experience - from mid-August) to the end of October in forests of various types, preferring sparse areas, often grows along forest roads and on the roads themselves (our case). As a rule, it bears fruit in clusters (bunches) of 5-15 specimens of different sizes. Similar species: Given the characteristic way of growing, it is difficult to confuse a grown row with any other mushroom: it seems that no other white mushrooms form such dense aggregates.

Edible: The mushroom is edible, but, according to the unanimous statements of prominent authors, it is completely tasteless. Remarks Contrary to logic, the last time I confused a row that has grown together with a waxy gossip (Clitocybe cerrusata). Perhaps the reason for this was surprise: life decreed that until that moment I had never seen so many white mushrooms growing on a forest road. A good kilometer of the road "bed" was covered with white bunches: here and there crushed, here and there bitten off, here and there - torn off, examined and thrown away. It was very beautiful and mysterious. True, it was 2003, which has already gone down in history as one of the most mushroom years in the past decade ...

Nevertheless, in October of the next year, 2004, the picture repeated itself. The only difference is that the mushrooms did not grow so heap. But they worked their entire kilometer inside and out, which, of course, cannot but rejoice.

The ryadovka mushroom, found in deciduous and coniferous forests, requires special attention when collecting: some species of this family are inedible or poisonous. The growing row refers to conditionally edible mushrooms. It got its name from the fused or twisted stalk, which allowed the fruit bodies to grow in close clusters. When collected, it is considered a valuable find, which, if properly prepared, can be enjoyed.

Evaluation of taste, medicinal properties, benefits and possible harm

The mushroom is classified as a species with high palatability.It is recommended to use young fruit bodies for food after boiling for 20 minutes, and then subject to any type of processing: pickle, cook fried, salt.

Useful properties of crowded lyophillum:

• enhances immunity;
• cleanses the liver;
• lowers blood glucose levels;
• anti-inflammatory and antiviral action;
• B vitamins improve brain activity, increase efficiency;
• strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

It is forbidden to use ryadovki for children under 12 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract during exacerbations, with renal and hepatic insufficiency.

Primary processing and cooking recipes

Before harvesting or frying crowded lyophillum, you should first clean the fruit bodies of debris, cut them into pieces, if necessary, and then boil the mushrooms in a large amount of slightly salted water. The cooking time should be 15–20 minutes. The mushrooms are thrown into a colander, the liquid is allowed to drain and the heat treatment is continued.

Cooking

In order to properly prepare crowded rows, you should first boil them.

• rows - 1 kg;
• salt - 1 tablespoon;
• water - 1 liter;
• citric acid - a pinch;
• black peppercorns - 6 pcs.;
• bay leaf - 1 pc .;
• dry cloves - 2 buds.

1. Clean the fruit bodies of sand and dirt.
2. Remove damaged areas, discard rotten or wormy mushrooms. If the fruiting body is especially dirty, then you need to carefully peel off the skin with a knife.
3. Rinse the fruit under running water.
4. Pour cold water into a saucepan, add salt, citric acid, bring to a boil.
5. Place the fruits in a bowl and cook for 20 minutes over medium heat.
6. Add the spices 10 minutes after starting cooking. Boil for another 7-8 minutes.
7. Throw the mushrooms in a colander, dry.

Pickling

Fragrant, tasty, crispy rows are easy to pickle for the winter. This does not require expensive components.

Ingredients for 1 kg of mushrooms:

• vinegar 6% - 90 ml;
• sugar - 1.5 tbsp. l .;
• peppercorns - 5 pcs.;
• salt - 1 tbsp. l .;
• bay leaf - 2 pcs.;
• cloves - 4 pcs.

1. Go through the fruits, leave only the most elastic for pickling. Cut large specimens, small ones - leave intact.
2. Boil lyophillums in the traditional way with the addition of spices and salt, constantly skimming off the foam.
3. Add vinegar, stir.
4. Put the mushrooms in prepared, sterilized jars, fill with marinade. Roll up.
5. Store canned food in a dark, cool place.

How to fry the rows deliciously?

This dish can harmoniously complement any side dish of vegetables, cereals, pasta, fried potatoes.

• rows - 1 kg;
• onion - 2 heads;
• vegetable oil - 50 ml;
• salt, black pepper to taste.

1. Boil the mushrooms in the usual way in salted water. Throw in a colander, let the liquid drain.
2. Heat sunflower oil in a frying pan, place the rows in it. Fry, stirring occasionally, for 10 minutes.
3. Season with salt and pepper and cook for 2-3 minutes.

Salting

There are 2 ways to pickle mushrooms: hot and cold. With the first method, the rows will be ready in 7-10 days, and the second will provide a crispy, elastic structure of each mushroom.

• boiled rows - 3 kg;
• table salt -5 tbsp. l .;
• bay leaf - 4 pcs.;
• dill (umbrellas) - 5 pcs.

1. Place the boiled fruit bodies in clean, dry jars with the caps down (the layer should be no more than 5–6 cm). Sprinkle each layer with salt and spices (by eye).
2. Fill containers to the top. Place oppression on each of them.
3. As soon as the fruiting bodies settle down, you can add a new layer of mushrooms.
4. After 2-3 days, fill the contents of the jars with boiled cold water, close with nylon caps. Store in a cool, dark place.

Interesting Facts

• The family of ordinary mushrooms includes almost 2500 species of mushrooms. They are called "rows" because they grow very crowded, most often in rows.
• Before any cooking method, these mushrooms must be boiled for 20 minutes.
• Do not eat raw lyophillums, as this can cause stomach upset.
• It is best to salt the rows in the fall, during these periods the fruit bodies are the most elastic, dense. For salting, you need to choose young specimens, since the old ones can be tough.

The crowded row is a tasty, fragrant representative of the family of the same name. If you correctly identify and then process this mushroom, then you can not only treat your family and friends with a unique dish, but also make delicious preparations for the winter.

Other names:

• Lyophillum crowded
• Group rowing

The crowded row (Lyophyllum decastes) is a fungus of the genus Lyophyllum of the family Lyophyllaceae. One of several species of the genus Lyophyllum, whose fleshy fruiting bodies grow together in such a way that they are difficult to separate.

The row is crowded, appearance:

• Hat. Ocher-brown or rusty-brown, radially fused, fibrous and silky-shiny, at first convex, later flat and unevenly curved, 50-100 mm in diameter. More often it is central, occasionally eccentric. The plates are white at first, later grayish-cream, 6-8 mm wide, not frequent, adherent to the peduncle with a tooth.

• Leg. Irregularly cylindrical, solid, central, sometimes eccentric, 70-130 mm long and 10-20 mm thick. The surface is white, slightly fibrous, silky.
• Pulp. Dense, elastic, white, color does not change at the cut. With a pleasant taste and an expressionless smell.
• Spore powder. White
• Spores 5.5-6.5 microns, spherical, smooth, colorless.

Where the crowded Ryadovka grows:

It grows on soil from September to early December in meadows, in deciduous forests, often found in gardens and parks. As a rule, bears fruit in large groups, sometimes growing together at the bases and sides of the legs; very rarely - singly. Not associated with certain trees. Widespread and common in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

Season:

September — October (mass fruiting in the first half of September); finds are possible in late August and November.

Row crowded, eating:

Delicious edible mushroom, easy to pick, as it grows in large quantities (50-100 fruiting bodies in one group). Suitable for making soups, as well as for pickling.

The row is crowded, similar types:

The crowded row cannot be confused with any poisonous mushroom. Can only be confused with other similar types of lyophillums, which are all edible. This lyophyllum is smoky - Lyophyllum fumosum and lyophyllum accrete - Lyophyllum connatum ... Smoky lyophyllum grows in groups at the same time and in the same places as crowded lyophyllum, from which it differs in the darker color of the cap and the larger size of the fruit bodies. Growing lyophyllum grows in groups from August to October in deciduous and coniferous forests. It is completely white.