Kollybia les-loving

Varieties

Spindle-footed

Collibia fusiform grows on the stumps and roots of old deciduous trees, preferring oak and beech. A hat with a diameter of 4.0-8.0 cm, with a blunt tubercle. The pulp is tough. The spindle-shaped leg is 4-8 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm thick. The color range is in red-brown shades.

Widespread in European forests. The fruiting period is in summer and autumn. It is considered inedible, but there are cases of the use of young specimens with exquisite gastronomic qualities. Overgrown specimens cause mild poisoning.

Oil

Colibia oil prefers coniferous forests, grows in colonies. The fruiting period is July-November.

The hat is 2-12 cm in diameter, the surface is smooth, when moisture gets in, it becomes oily, which became the determining factor in the name of the species.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The flesh of the cap of the oil colibia has an interesting feature - hygrophilousness, i.e. it is capable of swelling when exposed to moisture. This is due to the fact that the trama (false tissue) of such pulp is represented by a loose weave of hyphae. And it is in these gaps between them that the water coming from the environment is retained. Gigrofanny caps are capable of changing color depending on the weather. So, when dry, concentric zones appear on their surface, and their distribution can go from the center to the edge or vice versa.

The color is brown or with shades of red. Mushroom stem 2-10 cm long, 0.4-1.0 cm thick, often hollow, hard, smooth surface. It belongs to the edible species.

Lazy

The fungus grows in colonies

Wood-loving colliery grows in small colonies in mixed woodlands along with oak and pine, preferring decaying wood and fallen leaves. The fruiting period is June-November.

The hat is 1-7 cm in diameter, the color is initially red-brown, later with an orange tint or yellow-brown. The flesh of the cap is thin, whitish, characterized by the presence of hygrophilousness. The mushroom leg is 3-9 cm long and 0.2-0.8 cm thick. Collibia les-loving belongs to the edible species.

Bored

The crowded collibia is found near grassy paths, in clearings in coniferous forests, in hilly areas.

The cap is 1-4 cm in diameter, convex in young specimens, and straightened in adults. The surface is glossy. The hymenophore is pinkish. The leg is in the form of a cylinder, 5-10 cm high, up to 3 mm thick. The fruiting period is in spring-autumn.

The mushroom is an edible variety, but it does not have much culinary value due to its small size.

Wide-lamellar

Colibia broadly lamellar is one of the early lamellar fungi. Grows singly or in small colonies. It is a saprotroph, preferring the rotten stumps of broad-leaved trees.

A hat with a diameter of 5-12 cm, radially cracking in dry weather. A tubercle remains in the center of the cap. In adult mushrooms, the edges may bend upward. The surface is gray or brown. Mushroom stem 4-15 cm, cylindrical, widened at the base, dense in structure.

It belongs to the edible species.

Water-loving

Colibia water-loving, or hymnopus water-loving, grows in forests in wetlands with stagnant water, near the passage to the surface of groundwater, prefers moss, grass and soil rich in woody debris. The fruiting period is mid-May-November.

Mushroom cap with a diameter of up to 6 cm, initially with even, later with wavy edges. The surface is smooth. The color is usually cream, light brown. The leg is up to 8 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, in the form of a cylinder.

It belongs to the edible variety.

Similar types and differences from them

Edible

Collibia Azema

Has a glossy, rather than matte, hat of the correct shape, spreading and cracking with age. The edges of the caps of young mushrooms are tucked inward."Headwear" grows up to 60 mm in diameter.

This hymnopus is also distinguished by an even, thickening stem towards the base, reaching about 60 mm in height. Colibia fruiting does not begin in June, but at the end of August, and it can grow in almost any forest.

Conditionally edible

Winter honey

Although it also grows on stumps and tree debris, it bears fruit in late autumn / early winter, and in southern climates can span all of the winter months.

Inedible

The money is merging

It features a smaller hat with a diameter of about 60 mm with curved thin edges. Mature mushroom hats are cream colored. The stem is white, yellowing or turning brown at the base.

The legs of old collibies are completely black-brown. Unlike Collibia spindle-footed, the legs of the Fused Money often grow together, forming numerous rosettes.

Spring honey mushroom (les-loving colibia), description of where it grows

Spring honey. Collybia oak-loving Collybia dryophila (Latin name). Belongs to the family Marasmiaceae. In former times, it belonged to the genus Collybia of the Tricholomataceae family. The genus includes about 70 species. People call this mushroom money. This mushroom is also called: forest-loving colibia. The mushroom is conditionally edible.

Where grow

Like other types of honey fungus, oak-loving kollibia prefers stumps. Usually, these mushrooms are collected in impassable places with spruces, aspens and old birches, in dry conditions. Columns of mushrooms are large in size.

Usually, the spring honeydew is collected by those mushroom pickers who can distinguish it from its counterparts. The spring honeydew chooses deciduous and coniferous forests. This mushroom can be found in central Russia, in European forests, in the Far East and Siberia, in the Urals.

The mushroom ripens in early May and is harvested until October.

Description

The cap of this mushroom is small in size - 2-6 cm in diameter. The hat is smooth to the touch. The color is red or yellow-brown. First, young mushrooms have a convex cap shape, which becomes prostrate over time.

The plates are pale, faded, white and yellow. Frequent and adherent to the peduncle. Spore powder is white.

The stem of the mushroom is smooth, reddish brown. Light felt, stiff and fibrous near the base.

The pulp is pale in color, tender.

Beneficial featuresThe mushroom is not of high quality, but it is edible. Colibia oak-loving belongs to the 4th category.

You can fry, marinate in a mixture with other mushrooms. There are a large number of active elements in the mushrooms.

If you often eat these mushrooms, this will increase the body's resistance to infections, improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Also, these mushrooms have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

They have antioxidant, antiviral, immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory effects on humans.

CompositionHoney mushrooms contain a lot of fiber, proteins, carbohydrates. A large amount of vitamins (C and B1), copper and zinc, mineral elements.

If a mushroom picker has caught an inedible mushroom, then it is possible to distinguish it from an edible one, focusing on the unpleasant smell of sour, spoiled cabbage and on the pubescent leg of the twins.

Recipes

Certain types of honey mushrooms need to be cooked for a long time, as they are toxic. Usually mushrooms are cooked from half an hour to an hour, depending on their size. When the mushrooms boil, the water is drained and boiled in another water. It is better to boil it even earlier. Before eating this mushroom, you need to heat the product.

It usually takes half an hour to cook. Spring honey will go well with cereals, vegetables, pork, lamb, beef, poultry.

They are fried and stewed. Can be used alone or with other products. Young mushroom caps are best for pickling and pickling.

Vinegar works well as a flavor enhancer and as a preservative.

• Honey mushrooms with herbs and sour creamYou should take 500 grams of sour cream, 500 grams of honey mushrooms, 2 red onions, 1 bunch of dill, 50 grams of butter, black pepper and salt to taste. Frozen mushrooms are placed in a frying pan without defrosting.Fry until moisture evaporates. Peel and cut the onion and fry until soft in a hot skillet. Combine onions and mushrooms, add butter, heat, and then add pepper and salt. Place sour cream in a dish, let it boil, add dill. Remove from heat after a minute, mix all the ingredients and you can eat.
• Salting honey agaric

For salting, you need 500 gr. salt, ten kilograms of honey agarics, dill, 120 allspice peas, chopped onions, bay pepper. You can take mushrooms of different sizes. Rinse thoroughly, completely cut off the legs from large specimens. Cut the hats into pieces, place the pot with water on the stove, put 1 teaspoon of salt in 1 liter of water. Place the mushrooms inside after boiling water.

Cook for 20-25 minutes, then place in a colander until it cools down.In a bowl for salting, put bay leaf on the bottom, dill, chopped onion, pepper, and then a layer of honey agarics 5 cm thick. . mushrooms). After that, a layer of mushrooms and spices should be placed in the salting dish.

The mushrooms are covered with a cloth, and a lid and load must be placed on top.

Bring to readiness within 35-45 days in a dark place.

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Hunting and fishing in the Tver region

Collibia broad-lamellar, Megacollybia platyphylla

Hat: Diameter 5-15 cm (from compact to very large), bell-shaped in youth, then gently unfolds, keeping a blunt tubercle in the center. In old age, the edges of the cap may bend upwards. The structure is radially fibrous (which in dry weather often leads to the fact that the edges begin to crack and shaggy), the color is from moderate gray to brown. The pulp is thin, white, with a weak mushroom odor and a bitter taste.

Blades: Relatively sparse, wide, adherent with a tooth. The color is white, only in extreme old age the discs acquire some kind of “dirty” shade.

Spore powder: White.

Leg: Geometrical dimensions vary within a very wide range - height from 5 to 15 cm, thickness - from 0.5 to 2-3 cm. The shape is predominantly regular, cylindrical, widened at the base. Color - from light gray to brown, longitudinal fibrous surface. In young mushrooms, the leg, as a rule, is whole, with age it becomes complete. A characteristic distinguishing feature is the powerful white cords-rhizoids with which the mushroom is attached to the substrate.

Distribution: Begins to bear fruit at the end of May and comes across until the end of September, and, judging by practice, it is the first, spring layer that is the most abundant. It grows on pretty decayed stumps of deciduous trees, as well as on forest litter. According to unverified data, it forms two stable forms - "pneumo" (brown compact mushrooms) and "soil" - light gray fruiting bodies, thin and very tall. Perhaps all this is one big mistake, and we must talk about two completely different types.

Similar species: Sometimes the deer whip, Pluteus cervinus, which is easily distinguished by its frequent pinkish plates, a stem with gray scales, and the absence of noticeable cords at the base, is sometimes confused with the wide-lamellar collibia. Again, the question of the two varieties of Megacollybia platyphylla is not entirely clear to me. However, in the context of “similar species” it is hardly appropriate to talk about this: they are completely different from each other.

Edible: It hardly makes sense to talk about it.

Author's notes: I have accumulated quite a few comments about this mushroom. The first acquaintance turned out to be simply disgusting: I plucked a mushroom found in the park, put it on a piece of paper under a cup for scientific purposes, and forgot about it for about a day. The result was discouraging: a day later, a wiggling clot of worms was found under the cup, forming a shape resembling a mushroom cap. In general, somehow it didn't work out right away with him.

Now it is necessary to admit that wide-lamellar collibia worries me in earnest. I cannot accept that a small, dense mushroom with a brown cap and a powerful fibrous stem growing on a stump belongs to the same species as the subtile whitish toadstools that peep out of young grass in the spring. Anything but this.Although there seems to be no way out: the experience of my colleagues convinces me that it is necessary to come to terms with this knowledge and even learn to live somehow.

Collibia fusiform

Collybia fusipes - Collybia fusipes

In another way, it is called Spindle-footed Money, Amanita Spindle-footed, Twisted Collibia or Spindle-footed Hymnopus.

Description

Mushroom cap

The fusiform hymnopus has a medium-sized cap, the diameter of which reaches 40-80 mm. The hat of a young mushroom is distinguished by its bulge and resembles a bell. Later, it expands to a flatter state, acquires an irregular shape, but remains convex, with a mound in the middle. The edges of the hats, which are usually straight, can crack with age.

The hat is covered with a smooth matte skin, which becomes wet and glossy when it rains. It is reddish-brown or brownish-brown in color, with darker edges and lighter bumps. There are specimens with light edges. The color becomes lighter with age.

Spindle-footed money is filled with white fleshy pulp with harsh light fibers.

The hat bottom is speckled with sparse free or slightly accrete plates of different lengths. The plates of young mushrooms are whitish or pale cream in color, in mature specimens they are yellowish-gray, shaded with red, and are covered with brown-red spots.

Collibia fusiform reproduces by wide, oval, whitish spores that mature in white spore powder.

Stipe

Collibia twisted has a fusiform stem with a swelling in the center or closer to the base. Downward, it usually narrows and forms a root outgrowth, sometimes round or compressed. The legs are about 10-15 mm thick and 40 to 100 mm high.

Young legs are filled with white, harsh pulp, mature ones are empty. The surface is often wrinkled, whitish up to the middle and brownish-red or reddish-brown towards the bottom.

Collybia fusipes - Collybia fusipes

Growing places

Amanita muscaria prefers a southern climate, mixed and deciduous forests with oak and beech trees. Selects roots, branches, trunks and stumps of old trees for fruiting.

The mushroom bears fruit in whole families in June - October, but not every year.

Edibility

Gymnopus fusiform pulp has a mild flavor. As for the aroma, some sources claim that fruity notes prevail in it, others that the mushroom smells like rotten. Therefore, it is usually referred to as an inedible mushroom.

Some experts believe that this species is suitable for culinary purposes while young, and its pulp is very tasty: old mushrooms can be slightly poisoned.

Hymnopus early maturing (Gymnopus ocior)

Current title

Systematic position

Etymology of the species epithet

Ōcior, ōris сompar .; no posit. 1) faster, faster; rather acting; 2) earlier, early maturing.

Synonyms

• Agaricus ocior Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 3: 151 (1828)
• Collybia ocior (Pers.) Vilgalys & O.K. Mill., Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 88 (4): 467 (1987)
• Collybia xanthopus (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 5: 226 (1887)
• Collybia funicularis (Fr.) Métrod, Revue Mycol., Paris 17: 90 (1952)
• Collybia succinea Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 237 (1872)
• Collybia extuberans (Fr.) Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 237 (1872)
• Rhodocollybia extuberans (Fr.) Lennox, Mycotaxon 9 (1): 222 (1979)
• Collybia luteifolia Gillet, Hyménomycètes (Alençon): 328 (1876)

Other names: Collibia yellow-lamellar.

Habit

Fruit body: Cap and stem (agaricoid)

Hymenophore: Lamellar (including folded or with rudimentary plates)

Hat

The cap is 10 - 40 mm in diameter, initially convex, then prostrate with a tubercle in the center and an uneven edge, hygrophane, dark red or orange-brown, with a narrow yellow, yellow-red annular zone along the edge. The surface is smooth, slippery in wet weather.

The plates are adherent or adherent with a tooth, yellow, cream or white.

Smell and taste are weak, mushroom.

Leg

Stem 20 - 60 mm long, 2 - 5 mm in diameter, cylindrical, sometimes widening towards the base, hollow, smooth, yellow, ocher, reddish brown, darker downward.

Microscopy

Spore powder from white to cream color.

Spores (4.6) 5.1 - 6.3 × 2.5 - 3.5 (4.0) μm, Q = 2.0, broadly ellipsoid or ovoid.

Basidia 18 - 22 × 5.0 - 8.0 μm, clavate, 4-spore, with a buckle at the base.

Basidiols 11 - 21 × 3.0 - 9.0 μm, clavate, cylindrical or fusiform.

The edge of the plate is sterile.

Cheilocystids 12 - 45 × 3.0 - 9.0 µm, irregular, clavate, with outgrowths or with a spherical end, less often coral-shaped, thin-walled, sometimes inlaid.

Pleurocystids are absent.

Trama laminae consists of branched cylindrical hyphae up to 9.0 µm in diameter.

Pileipellis consists of hyphae 7.0 - 19 µm in diameter, with lobed terminal elements.

Buckles are common.

Ecology and distribution

• Substance: Woody plants (living trees, bark and dead wood)
• Substrate: Soil, litter

It grows, as a rule, in groups on the soil, among grasses, mosses or on decaying wood in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. In Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, it is common throughout the warm season in forest plantations and park areas, preferring shaded areas rich in organic matter, including those from dog walking, areas with sparse grassy cover.

Fruiting

The divisions correspond to the decades of the month.

Nutritional properties

Similar species

• Alpine hymnopus (Gymnopus alpinus) - differs mainly in the form of cheilocystids and in the large size of the spores.
• Oak-loving hymnopus (Gymnopus dryophilus) - lighter in color.

Related materials

1. Antonin V., Noordeloos N. E. A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe. - Eching: IHW-VERLAG, 2010 .-- 480 p. - P. 179.
2. Knudsen H., Vesterholt J., eds. Funga Nordica. - Copenhagen: Nordsvamp, 2012 .-- P. 345.

Link to this page for prints

Ageev D.V., Bulonkova T.M. Early ripening hymnopus (Gymnopus ocior) - Mushrooms of Siberia URL: https://mycology.su/gymnopus-ocior.html (date of access: 28.02.

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Age restrictions

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House mushroom (Serpula lacrymans)

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HOUSE MUSHROOM (Serpula lacrymans)
the most harmful of all the mushroom houses and the most common in the territory of the former USSR. It is found from the Baltics to Kamchatka, and is known in Western Europe and North America.
A real house mushroom is one of the few types of mushrooms that are found only in buildings and are not observed in nature. The fungus infects mainly the wooden parts of the lower floor and basement: floors, walls up to a height of about 1 m. The first signs of infection are a musty smell in the premises, non-drying, wet spots on the wall, and then loose floor boards. When opening the floor, you can find cotton-like accumulations of fungal mycelium, mushroom strings and films. At first they are white, and then with a characteristic yellowish, pinkish, lilac and gray tint. Some of the wood has already completely rotted, some have turned brown and become soft.
Rot spreads very quickly in wood; this is facilitated by the growth of mushroom laces and films on the surface of infected wood. It takes up to a year, and sometimes even six months, to completely decay a floor or a beam. On the lower surface of rotten wood, fleshy-scarious fruit bodies are formed, which can reach significant sizes, up to several meters long. In damp rooms, fruit bodies also appear in the lower part of the walls inside the room, at the base of jambs, etc. The presence of such fruit bodies visible inside the room itself is a sign of widespread and severe damage to wooden structures.
On the fruit bodies, basidiospores of the fungus are formed in mass quantities, which are sometimes visible as brown dust on the floor or in the corners of the room. On 1 cm2 of the surface of the fruiting body, up to 35 million spores can be released during the day; the most intense sporulation in spring and in the first half of summer.
Spores of a real house mushroom are very light. In 1 m3 of air in a contaminated room, there are up to 2.5 million spores. They are carried even by small air movements; in the air of any city or village, there are almost always spores of a real house mushroom.Spores can be accidentally transferred to people's shoes and clothing. Especially dangerous are boards infected with fungus and other rotten wood residues, which, during repairs, are often thrown into the yard or even brought as fuel to uninfected houses.

For germination and further infection of wood, spores require certain conditions. This is primarily the high moisture content of wood and ambient air. The most intense decay is observed at an air humidity of 90–95% and a temperature of 18–23 ° C. Such conditions can arise from improper construction of a building, when the insulation of wooden structures from the foundation is not well laid. The accumulation of condensation moisture is often observed, for example near water pipes; rain or melt water getting into basements, under walls. Many simple wooden buildings in Siberia and in the north of the Far East are built with a plinth, which serves to insulate the lower part of the building. If water (rain) gets into the filler of the basement, then infection with house mushrooms is almost inevitable.
The second group of causes of infection is negligence in the operation of houses. Untimely roof repairs, faulty ventilation in damp rooms, leaking water pipes and other shortcomings in maintenance will lead to a constant accumulation of dampness and, at the same time, conditions are created that are favorable for the development of house mushrooms. If buildings are infected with a mushroom house, urgent repairs are needed. Being late for repairs, even only for a month or two, can increase losses several times.
When repairing, wooden structures contaminated with fungus should be completely removed. The initial stage of the development of rot is invisible to the naked eye, so it is necessary to remove apparently healthy boards bordering on obviously rotten ones: along the grain of the wood up to 0.5 m, and across the grain at least 20 cm. The top layer under the infected floor must also be carefully removed: mushroom can persist for a long time and develop in the form of mycelium in wet soil or even in sand, if there is an admixture of sawdust or humus.
Infected constructions should be replaced with new ones made of dry antiseptic wood or rotting material. The new floor must not be immediately covered with a dense covering (linoleum, relin and other synthetic materials), which prevents the floor from drying. But the main thing during the repair is to find and eliminate the reasons that favored the development of the house fungus, creating the conditions necessary for its development (dampness, accumulation of moisture).

Description of the spindle-footed collibia

The head of this mushroom is 4-8 centimeters in diameter. At an early age, the shape of the cap is convex, over time it becomes flat, and a blunt tubercle remains in the center, which often has an irregular shape. The color of the cap is red-brown, later it becomes lighter.

The pulp is fleshy, but tough, with light fibers. The color of the flesh is whitish. The taste and smell of the pulp are subtle. The plates are free or weakly adherent, they are rarely located. The length of the plates is different. The color of the plates varies from whitish to cream, there are orange-brown spots. The disputes are wide-oval. Spore white powder.

The leg reaches 4-8 centimeters in length, and the thickness reaches 1.5 centimeters. The leg is of the same color as the cap, but its base is darker. The shape of the stem is fusiform, the base is more refined. The brown outgrowth penetrates deeply into the substrate. The legs of young mushrooms are solid, then they become hollow. The surface of the leg is wrinkled, with warts.

Spindle-footed colibia growth areas

Collibia spindle-footed is common in deciduous forests. These mushrooms grow on stumps, roots and trunks of old deciduous trees. Most often they are found on beeches and oaks. These mushrooms bear fruit from summer to autumn. They settle in large intergrowths.

Fusiform collision score

As a rule, spindle-footed colibia is considered an inedible mushroom, but some authors claim that the youngest fruiting bodies are suitable for consumption, in addition, they have an exquisite taste.But it is worth knowing that old collisions can cause mild poisoning.

The similarity of the spindle-footed colibia with other mushrooms

Collibia fusiform is outwardly similar to the winter honeydew. Winter mushroom is a conditionally edible mushroom. They are found from late autumn to early winter. Under good conditions, these mushrooms can bear fruit throughout the winter. The places of growth of winter mushrooms are stumps and dead wood, while they settle mainly on deciduous trees.

Other mushrooms of this genus

Merging money is an inedible mushroom. The hat does not exceed 6 centimeters in diameter; its shape changes from convex to convex-outstretched. The surface of the cap is smooth. The edges are thin and curved. The color of the cap is reddish brown or ocher brown; with age, the cap fades and becomes creamy. The leg is quite long - up to 10 centimeters. Its shape is cylindrical, often flattened. The color of the leg is whitish, and towards the base it becomes yellow-brown; with age, the color of the leg becomes black-brown.

These mushrooms grow often and abundantly. They settle in deciduous forests. They grow in groups, while their legs grow together into bundles.

Colibia Azema is an edible mushroom. The hat can be flat or with turned-up edges, as the hat matures, it opens more and more. The cap is shiny and very fleshy. Its diameter reaches 6 centimeters. The leg is also up to 6 centimeters long, thickened at the bottom.

Colibia Azema bears fruit from late summer to autumn. They grow on acidic soils. They can be found in almost any forest.

Edible mushrooms, berries, herbs

Collybia fusipes

Spindle-footed collibia can be found from the second decade of July to the third decade of September in deciduous forests (most often, where there is an oak or a beech). It prefers to grow near oak (beech) stumps, tree roots, along fallen trunks, around stumps. It grows in rather large groups, united in bundles-aggregates. It is most widespread in the southern regions of our country.

The cap is 3-8 cm in diameter. At first, it is bell-shaped, later it is convex-tuberous with a smooth surface. The color is brownish-brownish or reddish-reddish-brownish with a darker center. In adults, the surface of the cap is most often uneven with cracked edges, while the color becomes lighter. Also, specks of red-brown color may appear on the surface.

The plates are sparse, medium-frequency, weakly accrete, grayish-white with reddish-brown spots.

The leg has a fusiform shape, swollen just below the middle. 6-9 cm long, 0.5-1.8 cm in diameter. The structure is longitudinally fibrous, wrinkled-furrowed. In the swollen part it is almost hollow, light at the top, red-brown at the bottom, brown at the very base. Very often, the leg is twisted or twisted longitudinally.

The pulp is white, thin-fleshy, elastic, harsh in the leg, with a subtle smell.

It is considered a weakly poisonous mushroom. However, in some reference books it is equated to edible or conditionally edible. For example, the French mycologist-writer Gerard Oudou in his encyclopedia "Mushrooms" advises to collect the caps of young spindle-footed colibia and use them fresh or pickled.

Photos of Collybia fusipes

A video about spindle-footed collibia, which allows you to better understand the structure of the fruiting body and imagine how a mushroom grows in the forest.