Edible raincoat

Description and appearance

The pear-shaped raincoat (Lycoperdon pyriforme) resembles an inverted pear or golf ball, because the leg is almost invisible. Its upper part is 40-70 mm, and its height does not exceed 40 mm. Over time, mushrooms lose their white colors and acquire brown ones. The pulp resembles cotton wool.

Hymenophore

When the golfer mushroom matures, like the representatives of the mushroom family, it opens the top and spores are released from there. Spores scatter around the world and settle in new areas so that these mushrooms continue to actively grow.

Feature of the pulp

The cottony white pulp is edible until dark. It differs for a certain period in density, but later it resembles something curd to the touch. As the cottage cheese eventually breaks down into grains, so the pulp turns into spores, only it will no longer please with its white color. Colour spore powder - brown... The taste is inexpressive, as is the smell.

Edible raincoats clumpy

Ragged raincoat is an edible mushroom. Raincoats are edible only at a young age, until spores have formed inside them. That is, they pick mushrooms with juicy and soft pulp.

Most often, raincoats are clumpy dried. Also, these mushrooms are cleaned, washed in water, cut into small pieces and fried. Plus, the raincoats are delicious on the grill. The pulp of these mushrooms tolerates heat treatment very well - it does not turn into jelly and does not become too soft. During cooking, the weight of the raincoats practically does not decrease.

Useful properties of clumpy raincoats

A lot can be said about the beneficial properties of these mushrooms. For physicians, raincoats are well known for their valuable qualities. Clumpy raincoats absorb heavy metals, radioactive compounds and other harmful substances inside the body.

The benefits of clumpy raincoats for the body are really very big. With frequent use of raincoats, toxins that cause kidney and liver disease are eliminated from the body.

They support the body's immune system, reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and oncology.

In addition, raincoats have found their application in cosmetology. When using these mushrooms in creams and masks, an excellent result can be achieved: the skin becomes elastic and noticeably tightened, it also becomes more elastic, the oily sheen of the skin disappears, and its appearance becomes matte.

All these effects are achieved by raincoats due to the fact that they remove a huge amount of toxins from the body. In Central Europe, patients were fed broth from raincoats, as they knew that they had all-round benefits on the body.

There are no poisonous counterparts among raincoats, so they can be assembled without fear. Young specimens are collected, but adults do not become dangerous, they are just tasteless. It is worth knowing that raincoats are clumpy, like all other mushrooms, they absorb harmful substances from the soil, so it is not recommended to collect them near roads.

Other raincoats

A rabbit raincoat or a baggy bighead is an edible mushroom. The diameter of the fruiting body of the baggy bighead is 10-20 centimeters. Its shape is rounded, the upper part is flattened, and the base is narrowed. The color of young mushrooms is gray-brown, the surface is with tubercles and cracks. The top of mature mushrooms bursts and the mushroom begins to resemble a wide goblet.

Rabbit raincoats bear fruit from May to September, and the peak of fruiting occurs in July. Baggy bigheads grow in glades, forest edges, meadows. They are not common, they settle alone.

An elongated raincoat or an oblong raincoat is an edible mushroom. The shape of the fruiting body resembles a club or a pin. Its height is 7-15 centimeters, and its thickness ranges from 2 to 7 centimeters.In young fruit bodies, the color is white, but over time it darkens and becomes tobacco brown. The entire fruiting body is covered with thorns of various sizes. The pulp is white, turns yellow over time. In mature mushrooms, the upper part, as a rule, is completely destroyed, and spores come out of the hole.

Elongated raincoats grow singly or in small groups. They bear fruit from summer to autumn. You can find these mushrooms on forest edges, clearings, and in various types of forests. As long as the flesh of these mushrooms is firm, white, they, like the rest of the raincoats, can be used for food.

Golovach oblong (Lycoperdon excipuliforme)

Synonyms:

• Lycoperdon saccatum
• Calvatia excipuliformis

Fruit body:
Large, characteristic shape, reminiscent of a club or, less often, a pin. A hemispherical apex rests on a long pseudopod. The height of the fruit body is 7-15 cm (under favorable conditions and more), the thickness in the thinner part is 2-4 cm, in the thicker part - up to 7 cm. (The figures are very approximate, since various sources strongly contradict each other.) youthful white, then darkens to tobacco brown. The fruit body is unevenly covered with thorns of different sizes. The pulp in youth is white, elastic, then, like all raincoats, it turns yellow, becomes flabby, wadded, and then turns into a brown powder. In mature mushrooms, the upper part is usually completely destroyed, releasing spores, and the pseudopod may remain for a long time.

Spore powder:
Brown.

Spreading:
It occurs in small groups and singly from the second half of summer to mid-autumn in forests of various types, in clearings, forest edges.

Season
Summer autumn.

Similar species:
Given the large size and interesting shape of the fruiting body, it is rather difficult to confuse an oblong bighead with some related species. However, short-legged specimens can be confused with large prickly raincoats (Lycoperdon perlatum), but observing older specimens, you can catch a significant difference: these raincoats end their life very differently. In a thorn-shaped raincoat, spores are expelled from the hole in the upper part, and the elongated head, as they say, "rips off its head."

Edibility:
While the flesh is white and elastic, the oblong bighead is quite edible - like the rest of the raincoats, bigheads, flippers. Like other raincoats, it is necessary to remove the fibrous stem and hard exoperidium.

Notes: The oblong golovach is an extremely showy mushroom. Perhaps the most spectacular among the raincoats. Imagine a picture: a close young spruce forest, and on the litter hefty white skittles up to twenty centimeters high stick out everywhere, sticking out and seem to glow in the twilight. Somehow it does not even occur to collect such beauty to just eat.

And when such people suddenly appear in multitudes in the middle of the former field, among small birches, bumps and ditches - everywhere! - it seems that there was some crazy "lightning", led by a military commander, obsessed with security. Because the bighead at times very much resembles a toy anti-tank grenade, and nothing can be done about it.

Edibility

Many fans of "mushroom hunting" ignore the raincoat, not considering it edible. Meanwhile, although the mushroom is assigned only to the 4th flavor category, it has a very delicate and pleasant taste. Only the completely white pulp of a young mushroom is used for food. As soon as the pulp has darkened - the mushroom is no longer edible, the taste becomes unpleasant. The raincoat makes delicious soups and can also be fried. It is necessary to prepare a raincoat immediately after collection, its pulp very quickly, within 2-3 hours, becomes flabby and loses its taste. The raincoat can also be frozen for future use.

[edit] Description

The fruit body is pear-shaped, spherical, plum-shaped or sessile.

Gleb (pulp) at a young age consists of chambers, first white, then gray, olive, yellow, with a brown or purple tint.The column is absent or poorly developed, the sterile part is not separated by a septum from the spore-bearing part.

False stem, 1-10 cm in height and 1-7 cm in diameter.

Spore powder from olive green to various shades of brown.

Spores spread passively, in the presence of rain: when drops fall on the fruiting body, spores collect in them and dissipate with the help of the wind. Exoperidium smooth, mealy, scaly, acicular, prickly or warty, persisting or falling off. The endoperidium is thin-skinned or papery, opening at the apex with a more or less regular opening. The color and surface of the exoperidium are different.

Edible mushroom recipes

Many are interested in the question of what can be prepared from these unusual mushrooms to make a tasty and healthy dish. There are many recipes.

Cleaning

After collecting the mushrooms, they must be prepared:

1. Rinse them in clean water.
2. Pry the skin with a knife and remove it.
3. Cut the peeled fruit bodies into pieces, remove the wormy ones and leave only the young ones with pale flesh.

Cooking

The process consists of the following stages:

1. Boil raincoats for 25-30 minutes.
2. Even if you want to fry them, first boil for 7-10 minutes, and then start frying.

Pickling

A prickly raincoat can be pickled, you get a very tasty and easy-to-prepare snack. This will require:

• 2 kg of mushrooms;
• 50 ml vinegar;
• 2 tbsp. l. salt;
• 1-1.5 tbsp. l. Sahara;
• 0.5-1 tsp black peppercorns;
• 2-3 pcs. carnations;
• 1 tsp dill seeds;
• 3 cloves of garlic.

Step by step cooking

1. Boil the mushrooms for 20 minutes.
2. Place in jars.
3. Add cloves, dill seeds.
4. Pour in a hot marinade of mushroom broth, salt, garlic, pepper, sugar and vinegar.
5. Cap the jars and store in a cool place.

Freezing

This method allows you to use dust collectors at any time of the year. The advantage is that the mushrooms do not lose their taste and can be used to prepare various dishes. To do this, you need to do the following:

1. Clean the raincoats from grass and dirt, wipe with a napkin.
2. Cut into slices.
3. Arrange in containers.
4. Place in the freezer. Raincoats can be stored frozen for six months.

Frying

The fried mushrooms are delicious and easy to prepare. Here are some recipes:

1. Fry 550 grams of pulverizers along with onions in butter for 15 minutes, pour in 350 grams of cream and simmer over low heat until the sauce is reduced by half, then add a pinch of ground pepper and herbs.
2. Place the flakes in a beaten egg, roll in ground breadcrumbs and fry in vegetable oil.
3. Peel 900 grams of raincoats and boil for 7 minutes, fry with onions, add 400 grams of potatoes and simmer for another quarter of an hour, then pour sour cream (300 g) and bake in the oven for 7-10 minutes.

Salting

For this method of preparation, you will need to do the following:

1. Boil raincoats for about 15 minutes in salt water.
2. Divide into jars.
3. Pour with seasoned brine, citric acid can be added.
4. Store in the refrigerator.

Drying

It is most convenient to dry the mushrooms in the oven:

1. Clean the raincoats from leaves and dirt, wipe with a napkin.
2. Cut large specimens into pieces.
3. Place on a wire rack and place in the oven for about 3 hours (temperature - 60 degrees).

Canning for the winter

Raincoats can be prepared for future use.

You will need:

• 1 kilogram of raincoats;
• 1 tbsp. l. salt;
• 5 tbsp. l. vinegar 6%;
• 1 tbsp. l. Sahara;
• 6 peas of black pepper;
• 2 pcs. carnations;
• 3-4 dill umbrellas;
• 3 cloves of garlic.

Step by step cooking

1. Sort raincoats, clean, boil.
2. Season with salt, sugar and seasoning.
3. Cook for 10 minutes, pour in vinegar.
4. Arrange in jars, cover with boiling marinade and roll up.

Edible raincoat (Lycoperdon perlatum)

Other names of the mushroom: Raincoat real

Synonyms:

Usually, the actual raincoat is called young dense mushrooms, which have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores ("dust"). They are also called: bee sponge, hare potatoes, and a ripe mushroom - flap, puff, dust collector, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, tobacco mushroom, damn tavlinka, and so on.

Fruit body: The fruit body of raincoats is pear-shaped or club-shaped. The fruit spherical part is 20 to 50 mm in diameter. The lower cylindrical part, sterile, 20 to 60 mm high and 12 to 22 mm thick. In a young mushroom, the fruit body is prickly-warty, white. In mature mushrooms, it becomes brown, ocher and naked. In young fruiting bodies, Gleb is elastic and white. The puffball differs from the cap mushrooms in a spherical fruiting body.

The fruit body is covered with a two-layer shell. Outside, the shell is smooth, inside - leathery. The surface of the fruiting body of the present slicker is covered with small thorns, which distinguishes the mushroom from the pear-shaped slicker, which at a young age have the same white color as the mushroom itself. The spikes are very easily detached at the slightest touch.

After drying and ripening of the fruit body, Gleb of white color turns into an olive-brown powder of spores. The powder comes out through the hole formed in the top of the spherical part of the mushroom.

Leg: An edible raincoat can be with or without a barely perceptible leg.

Pulp: young raincoats have a loose, white body. Young mushrooms are good for consumption. Mature mushrooms have a powdery body, brown in color. Mushroom pickers call mature raincoats "damn tobacco." Old Raincoats are not eaten.

Disputes: warty, globular, light olive brown.

Distribution: Edible raincoat is found in coniferous and deciduous forests from June to November.

Edible: Little known edible tasty mushroom. Raincoats and dust covers are edible until they lose their whiteness. They eat young fruit bodies, the Gleb of which is elastic and white. It is best to fry this mushroom, cutting it into slices beforehand.

Similarity: The edible raincoat outwardly resembles the Oblong Golovach, which has the same pear-shaped and clavate fruit body. But, unlike a real raincoat, a hole does not form on its top, but the entire upper part disintegrates, after the disintegration only a sterile leg remains. And all the other signs are very similar, Gleb is also dense and white at first. With age, Gleb turns into a dark brown spore powder. Golovach is prepared in the same way as a raincoat.

Notes: These mushrooms are familiar to everyone, but almost no one picks them. When you knock off the white balls, brown clouds of smoke rise upward - the spores of these mushrooms scatter. This species was called a raincoat because very often it grows after rains. Until the raincoats inside turned green, these are delicious mushrooms. Italians consider this species to be the tastiest of mushrooms. But when Gleb becomes greenish, the mushroom becomes cottony and tasteless, but not poisonous. Therefore, the harvested mushrooms cannot be stored for a long time, even plucked ones turn green very quickly.

Mushroom photo Edible raincoat from questions in recognition:

Evaluation of taste, medicinal properties, benefits and possible harm

The thorny puffball is a little-known, but tasty and edible mushroom. It also has healing properties. The dust collector is used as an antitumor agent, in the treatment of anemia, rhinitis, stomach diseases, to stop bleeding (the pulp is applied to the wound, which then heals quickly). It is also known as a remedy that detoxifies the body of harmful substances.

The raincoat is also widely used in cosmetology to improve the condition of the skin (masks based on it make the skin elastic and healthy). For the treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland and fibroids, a tincture is prepared (a half-liter jar of mushrooms is poured with vodka, put in a dark place for 3 weeks, then filtered) and drink 1 tbsp. spoon three times a day.

The dust collector is very nutritious, therefore it is widely used in cooking.

Black and prickly raincoat (hedgehog): photo and description

The puffball is black-prickly, needle-like, thorny, hedgehog - these are the names of the same mushroom, which is a representative of the Champignon family. In appearance, it can be confused with a small shaggy bump or hedgehog. The official name is Lycoperdon echinatum.

What a black-prickly raincoat looks like

He, like many of his relatives, has a back-pear-shaped fruiting body, which tapers at the base and forms a kind of short stump. The surface of young specimens is light, but becomes light brown as they mature.

The diameter of the upper part reaches 5 cm. It is completely covered with bent spikes-needles 5 mm long, which are arranged in rings. Initially, the growths are creamy and then darken and turn brown. During the ripening period, the thorns slide off, exposing the surface and leaving a mesh pattern. At the same time, a hole is formed in the upper part through which the mushroom releases ripe spores.

The thorns of the black-prickly raincoat are arranged in rings, in the center is the longest, and around the short

The pulp is initially white in color, but when ripe, it turns purple or brownish-purple.

At the base of the fungus, you can see a white mycelial cord, thanks to which it is firmly held on the soil surface.

Spherical spores with characteristic spines on the surface. Their size is 4-6 microns. The spore powder is initially creamy in color, and when ripe changes to a purplish brown.

Where and how it grows

This mushroom is classified as rare. The fruiting season begins in July and lasts until the end of October if conditions are favorable. Grows singly or in small groups. It is found in deciduous forests, as well as in heather wastelands in highlands.

Prefers calcareous soil. Distributed in Europe, Africa, Central and North America.

Is the mushroom edible or not

The spiny-thorny puffball is edible as long as its flesh is white. Therefore, it is recommended to collect especially young mushrooms. In terms of nutritional value, they belong to the fourth category.

Before use, it must be boiled or dried. The black-thorny raincoat does not tolerate long-distance transportation, so it should not be assembled if you are planning a long walk through the forest.

Doubles and their differences

In appearance and description, the black-prickly raincoat is in many ways similar to its other relatives. Therefore, in order to identify twins, you need to know their characteristic differences.

1. The raincoat is ragged. The surface of the fruiting body is covered with cotton-like white flakes. The main color is light cream or ocher. Considered edible. Grows in the southern regions, found in oak and hornbeam forests. The official name is Lycoperdon mammiforme.

The ragged raincoat is considered one of the most beautiful representatives of the Champignon family.

A smelly raincoat should not be eaten even at an early age, when the pulp is white

Conclusion

The black-thorny raincoat has an unusual appearance, due to which it is difficult to confuse it with other relatives. But if in doubt, break the pulp. It should have a pleasant aroma and a dense white texture. When collecting, it should be borne in mind that this species cannot be worn for a long time in a basket.

Pearl raincoat - Lycoperdon perlatum

Written by Nikolay Budnik and Elena Meck.

A pearl or real raincoat is quite common.On Ulom Zheleznaya this mushroom is also called “grandfather's tobacco”. All the names reflect the essence of the mushroom: it appears after rains, and in old age its smallest spores become tobacco-colored and easily crumble.

The first Raincoats can be seen in June, and the last we met in mid-October. Raincoats are edible, but no one takes them from us. We tried fried Raincoats. They taste sweet and appear oily and greasy. But in general, the mushrooms are quite tasty. Pearl raincoats can be boiled, fried, pickled and even dried.

Now we collect Raincoats for medicinal purposes too. Previously, they were widely used in medicine.

1. The pearl raincoat appears after the rains.

2. You can find a single mushroom.

3.. but that rarely happens.

4. Usually raincoats grow in large families.

5. This raincoat is called pearl -.

6.. probably because of the round warts scattered over the cap, similar to small pearls.

7. It happens that mushrooms grow together in a dense group.

8. Sometimes pearl raincoats are scattered on the ground.

nine. . like tennis balls.

10. Mushrooms can also appear in the forest.

eleven. . and on the forest path.

12. . and at the edge of the forest.

13. And these pearl raincoats grew in our summer cottage.

14. At this place, mushrooms appear every year.

15. They grow in any type of forest.

16. They are small in size.

17. This is the average height of the mushrooms.

18. These mushrooms are quite large.

19. . but there are also smaller ones.

20. And these raincoats, although small, are already starting to darken.

21. The fruiting body of the fungus is all covered with small spines - warts.

22. Under the influence of rain, they fall off easily.

23. A pearl raincoat looks like a small tennis ball.

24. At first, the mushroom is pure white.

25. Gradually the raincoat begins to darken.

26. It darkens not only outside, but also inside.

27. Then a hole appears in the center of the raincoat, through which spores pour out.

28. Sometimes the color of the mushroom changes to almost brown.

29. This is what a mature mushroom looks like from the inside.

30. The leg of the mushroom can be called false.

31.. because it is an extension of the fruiting body.

32. But you can still distinguish the leg.

33. This is how the mushrooms attach to the ground.

34. On the cut, the fruiting body is at first tender.

35. It looks like a little "plasticine".

36. It is these white-fleshed raincoats that are edible.

37. The top skin does not need to be removed.

38. As soon as the raincoats turn yellow from the inside, you do not need to take them for food.

39. It is when the spores ripen that we collect them for medicinal purposes.

40. In the past, raincoat spore powder was used as a powder for wounds.

41. However, more about this - in the section "Medicinal mushrooms".

42. This is a pearl raincoat - a delicious and healing mushroom.

2017 film about Pearl Raincoat

Pear-shaped raincoat (Lycoperdon pyriforme)

Synonyms:

• Lycoperdon serotinum
• Morganella pyriformis

Fruit body:
Pear-shaped, with a pronounced "pseudo-legged", which, however, can easily hide in moss or in the substrate - from which the mushroom is perceived as round. The diameter of the fruiting body of the pear-shaped puffball in the "thick" part is 3-7 cm, the height is 2-4 cm. The color is light in youth, almost white, as it ripens, it undergoes metamorphoses until it becomes dirty brown. The surface of young mushrooms is prickly, in adults it is smooth, often coarse, with a hint of possible cracking of the peel. The skin is thick, adult mushrooms easily "peel off", like a boiled egg. The pulp with a pleasant mushroom smell and weak taste, in youth, is white, of a wadded constitution, gradually acquires a reddish-brown color, and then, as if it goes entirely into spores. In mature specimens of a pear-shaped slicker (as, indeed, in other slickers), a hole opens in the upper part, from which, in fact, spores are thrown out.

Spore powder:
Brown.

Spreading:
The pear-shaped puffball is found from the beginning of July (sometimes even earlier) to the end of September, bears fruit evenly, without showing any special cyclicality.It grows in groups, large and dense, on thoroughly rotted, mossy woody remains of both deciduous and coniferous species.

Similar species:
The pronounced pseudopod and the way of growth (decaying wood, in large groups) do not allow the pear-shaped slicker to be confused with any other common representatives of the Lycoperdaceae family.

Edibility:
Like all raincoats, Lycoperdon pyriforme can be eaten until the flesh begins to darken. However, there are very different opinions about the advisability of using raincoats for food.

Remarks
To write something meaningful about a pear-shaped raincoat, the author needs to think hard. This is amazing because raincoats are something we encounter every day. Another thing is even more surprising. I have never seen a basket full of raincoats. Despite the fact that they grow often and everywhere, everyone knows that they can be eaten if there is nothing else, and many collect them quite meaningfully. But I have never seen a basket of raincoats alone, small white balls covered with delicate pollen. Would like to watch. It must be a very inspiring sight.

Growing at home and in the country

A minimum amount of material has been written about the cultivation of raincoats, and they have not passed by in television programs about agronomy. But it is known that for cultivation it is enough to disperse spores on moist soil, preferably on thin grass, as well as under trees. The sown areas then need to be disguised as grass or branches. Unfortunately, choosing the right terrain does not guarantee further growth. The behavior of raincoats is unpredictable, since they may appear at the wrong point on the site.

If the first option scares you, the next option is worth trying. Finely chop the mature mushrooms, pour (rain) water for 7-24 hours and after the passed time fertilize the marked areas in the country with this solution. What to do next? Waiting humbly for next year, hoping for the quality and moisture of the soil. It is not possible to independently control this process.