Harm and contraindications
It is forbidden to include saucers in the diet of children, nursing and pregnant mothers. Too much of them can lead to inflammation of the pancreas, complications in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatitis
Caution should be taken when using pink-red saucers for people with a weakened immune system and chronic diseases, pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, stomach and intestinal tract.
Thyroid discines are useful only in moderation. Experts advise eating them no more than twice a week.
Fresh specimens may contain gyromitrin, a toxic substance present in various compounds. It causes severe changes in the functioning of the body. In order not to harm your health, you need to properly cook the product using a high temperature. The finer the mushrooms are cut, the better they are absorbed by the stomach.
Some mushroom pickers, knowing about the low value of the pink-red saucer, still put it in the basket, especially when it is found in complete mushroomlessness. The mushroom has quite a pleasant taste and delicate texture, which are to the liking of many housewives and gourmets.
Saucer Rose Red - Discina ancilis
Written by Nikolay Budnik and Elena Meck.
In spring, in the forests of Uloma Zheleznaya, you can find a pink-red Saucer. It is also called thyroid discina. Personally, we do not meet this mushroom often. Maybe we don't go there.
The mushroom requires special care, as it does not strike the eye. It grows on decaying wood or directly on the ground, most often singly or in small groups.
1. This discina is thyroid.
2. A mushroom is often called a saucer because it looks like a round saucer.
3. Saucer on Ulom Zheleznaya appear in mid-May and grow until mid-June.
4. Sometimes mushrooms grow together to form small groups.
5. They can be completely round.
6.. and twisty.
7. Saucer loves to grow in dry places.
eight. . in pine or pine-birch forests with sandy soil.
9. Fungi are usually found either on or near decaying wood.
10. The edges of the saucer cap are often winding and uneven.
11. The hat is colored in various shades of brown.
12. Here you can take a closer look at its surface.
13. It is not clear why the saucer is called pink-red. There are practically no such shades in its color.
14. On the surface of the cap, wrinkles, tubercles and notches are visible.
15. Here they are close.
16. The underside of the cap is whitish.
17. It is smoother than the top.
18. Near the leg, the bottom surface of the cap seems to be pulled together by an invisible thread.
20. In old mushrooms, the lower surface becomes darker, turns brown. But it always remains matte.
21. The stem of the mushroom is very short.
22. More precisely, we need to talk about the pseudopod, because it is a continuation of the lower surface of the cap.
23. This is how the leg is attached to the ground.
24. The pulp of the mushroom is waxy, thin.
25. She is fragile and brittle.
26. The saucers taste like ordinary lines.
27. But we do not collect them, because they are rare, and they break too much in the basket.
And now a small video filmed in the forests of Uloma Zheleznaya
Places of distribution of thyroid discine, description of the fungus
Having glanced at the fruiting bodies of this species, it is even difficult to think that this is really a representative of the mushroom kingdom, and not some other organism. Thyroid dyscina more likely resembles some kind of growth on the soil than a full-fledged mushroom. Where does it grow and what does it look like?
Description
Thyroid discina (Discina perlata) is a discomycete fungus, which belongs to the Discina family, the Discina genus. Interestingly, the hymenophore, that is, the layer with spores, in discomycetes is located outside the cap, and not on its underside. This is a conditionally edible representative of the mushroom kingdom, which has a couple more names: thyroid saucer or pink-red. The species received this name because of the characteristic shape of the cap.But that's not all - discina also has a second Latin name - Discina ancilis. And the British christened the mushroom "pig's ears".
- the fruit body of discina has the shape of an uneven or wavy open saucer or disc. In young mushrooms, it is usually in the form of a bowl with an inward-curled edge; in older representatives of the species, it acquires a flatter shape. The dimensions are quite large - the fruiting body can have a diameter of 3 to 15 cm. The mushroom has light brown folds-veins running from the false stem to the edges. As long as its outer surface is sterile, it is almost smooth to the touch or covered with light fluff. The lower part of the fruiting body is whitish-gray, pinkish;
- a false stem with veins, up to a maximum of 45 mm long and up to 30 mm thick, deeply immersed in the substrate, does not separate from the “cap”. Often absent altogether;
- The hymenophore is located outside the mature fungus on its upper part in an uneven and wrinkled layer. The color is reddish brown, reddish, dark brown, and the older the mushroom, the darker its surface;
- the pulp is gristly, fragile, thin, grayish-brown or whitish, has a mushroom taste and aroma, juicy;
- spindle or elliptical spores, yellowish or white.
Places of distribution and period of fruiting
The rose-red saucer is common in North America and Eurasia. This is a saprotroph, which is often found both in groups and singly on the branches of conifers, old rotting stumps. However, discina also grows on soil, preferring to settle on disturbed and damaged sandy soils in forests.
Discina is very fond of felling and roadsides and actively bears fruit for 2-3 years after damage to the forest - often the whole soil is covered with the fruiting bodies of the fungus. Interestingly, its close relative, an ordinary line (Gyromitra esculenta), often grows next to the saucer.
The fungus is very picky about the level of humidity, and therefore bears fruit especially plentifully after a snowy winter. Discina is found by mushroom pickers from May to mid-summer. It grows very slowly.
Similar species and how to distinguish from them
Thyroid discina is very similar to the edible discina venosa, but the second is much less common in the heroine of our article. She also prefers to settle in deciduous rather than pine forests.
Discina accumbens, which sometimes comes across in mountainous areas, can be distinguished from thyroid only under a microscope - its spores have blunted appendages at the tips. Ground discina (Discina geogenia) has an olive-colored "cap". There is also a fairly large number of similar species, but they differ from the heroine of our article for the most part precisely in the shape of the spores, the color of the cap, and the places of growth.
Primary processing and preparation
The pink-red saucer belongs to the conditionally edible species and is often eaten boiled, fried along with other early spring mushrooms.
Before use, the fruit bodies of discina should be thoroughly cleaned of sand and boiled with draining water. The fact is that some mushrooms of the Discinovye family may contain hazardous substances that dissolve in water during cooking. And the thyroid beauty cannot always be distinguished from other representatives of this taxonomic rank.
Thyroid discina, when properly prepared, can turn into a great snack or a side dish - it has a pleasant consistency. And you can and should collect it just at a time when there are no other mushrooms yet. At the same time, it is often possible to get a full basket very quickly, because the saucer usually bears fruit in groups.
Synonyms
In 1822 E.M. Fries in the second volume Systema mycologicum described as part of the genus Peziza many species, including the one described a few months earlier by Peziza ancilis Pers. and the new species Peziza perlata Fr. According to article 13 of the International Code for the Nomenclature of Algae, Fungi and Plants, the date of publication of both these names is January 1, 1821. Thus, the priority is given to the name originally adopted as the main one when combining these species, in this case - based on Peziza ancilis.
All kinds of genus Discina nowadays are often included in the genus Gyromitra... Microscopic signs of types of lines and discs alternate, traditionally discines are determined by cupped fruiting bodies on a stem immersed in the substrate.
- Acetabula ancilis (Pers.) Lambotte, 1880
- Aleuria ancilis (Pers.) Gillet, 1879
- Discina helvetica (Fuckel) Sacc., 1889
- Discina macrospora Bubák, 1904
- Gyromitra mcknightii Harmaja, 1986
- Discina perlata (Fr.) Fr., 1849
- Discina warnei (Peck) Sacc., 1889
- Gyromitra ancilis (Pers.) Kreisel, 1984
- Gyromitra fluctuans (Nyl.) Harmaja, 1986
- Gyromitra macrospora (Bubák) Harmaja, 1973
- Gyromitra perlata (Fr.) Harmaja, 1969
- Gyromitra warnei (Peck) Harmaja, 1973
- Helvella ancilis (Pers.) Quél., 1886
- Peziza ancilis Pers., 1822: Fr., 1821basionym
- Peziza fluctuans Nyl., 1868
- Peziza perlata Fr., 1822: Fr., 1821
- Peziza venosa O. Weberb., 1875, nom. illeg.
- Peziza warnei Peck, 1878
- Rhizina helvetica Fuckel, 1874
Description
Thyroid discina (Discina perlata) is a discomycete fungus, which belongs to the Discina family, the Discina genus. Interestingly, the hymenophore, that is, the layer with spores, in discomycetes is located outside the cap, and not on its underside. This is a conditionally edible representative of the mushroom kingdom, which has a couple more names: thyroid saucer or pink-red. The species received this name because of the characteristic shape of the cap. But that's not all - discina also has a second Latin name - Discina ancilis. And the British christened the mushroom "pig's ears".
- the fruit body of discina has the shape of an uneven or wavy open saucer or disc. In young mushrooms, it is usually in the form of a bowl with an inward-curled edge; in older representatives of the species, it acquires a flatter shape. The dimensions are quite large - the fruiting body can have a diameter of 3 to 15 cm. The mushroom has light brown folds-veins running from the false stem to the edges. As long as its outer surface is sterile, it is almost smooth to the touch or covered with light fluff. The lower part of the fruiting body is whitish-gray, pinkish;
- a false stem with veins, up to a maximum of 45 mm long and up to 30 mm thick, deeply immersed in the substrate, does not separate from the “cap”. Often absent altogether;
- The hymenophore is located outside the mature fungus on its upper part in an uneven and wrinkled layer. The color is reddish brown, reddish, dark brown, and the older the mushroom, the darker its surface;
- the pulp is gristly, fragile, thin, grayish-brown or whitish, has a mushroom taste and aroma, juicy;
- spindle or elliptical spores, yellowish or white.
Primary processing and preparation
The pink-red saucer belongs to the conditionally edible species and is often eaten boiled, fried along with other early spring mushrooms.
Before use, the fruit bodies of discina should be thoroughly cleaned of sand and boiled with draining water. The fact is that some mushrooms of the Discinovye family may contain hazardous substances that dissolve in water during cooking. And the thyroid beauty cannot always be distinguished from other representatives of this taxonomic rank.
Thyroid discina, when properly prepared, can turn into a great snack or a side dish - it has a pleasant consistency. And you can and should collect it just at a time when there are no other mushrooms yet. At the same time, it is often possible to get a full basket very quickly, because the saucer usually bears fruit in groups.
Thyroid dyscina
Thyroid dyscina: a description of the appearance, where it grows, species, twins, if any
Thyroid dyscina is not very popular among forest mushroom lovers. The appearance of the plant and its taste are poor. Therefore, if there is something to choose from, discipline is bypassed.
However, it is one of the earliest mushrooms. Its fruiting season begins earlier than others, which is an absolute advantage. In addition, the plant grows rapidly. A full wallet of fruits can be collected in just a few tens of minutes. What does thyroid discina look like and where does it grow?
Botanical description of the plant
The fruiting body of thyroid discina is quite large. The hat is rounded, reaches from 12 to 15 cm in diameter, and does not exceed 3 mm in thickness. The edges are rolled up to form a shallow bowl. The surface of the body is smooth, light brown or dark olive in color. The lower part of the mushroom is lighter, dirty gray, velvety.
The leg of the fungus is practically not expressed, it does not exceed 2 cm in length. It serves for attachment to the ground and looks more like an extension of the plant's body. The pulp is brittle, with a barely perceptible mushroom aroma. The body of the plant is considered edible and is not capable of accumulating toxins. It is believed to make an excellent snack.
Thyroid dyscina
Thyroid discina (Discina ancilis) - spring mushroom
Krążkownica wrębiasta (Discina ancilis)
Natural habitat, growing conditions, season and collection rules
You can meet a plant in almost every deciduous or coniferous forest. The mushroom is especially common on the territory of the Eurasian continent. As a substrate, thyroid discina prefers chernozem soil. It also settles on old dead trees, rotten stumps and near them.
Finding a mushroom is not difficult, it does not hide underground. Despite being flat and close to the ground, its head is easily visible.
The season of active fruiting of the mushroom begins with the first onset of the warm days of spring and lasts until summer. Harvesting should be done carefully so as not to break the fruit body. In no case should you eat mushrooms growing along the road.
Similar species
It is difficult to confuse thyroid discina with similar species. The original mushroom is significantly different from its relatives. Although among the representatives of this species there are no inedible or poisonous representatives. The most suitable for use is thyroid discina.
Among similar species, the veinous saucer is often found. It is distinguished by pronounced veins on the body. It is almost impossible to make mistakes or confuse plants. But even if this happens, it will not harm the body. Although, most likely, you will be scared off by its smell. Unlike thyroid discina, which has a light mushroom aroma, the vein-shaped saucer exudes a pungent smell of chlorine.
Benefits for the body
The composition of thyroid discina includes chitin, which is able to bind food fats and reduce the amount of "bad" cholesterol. The medicinal properties of the mushroom make it possible to use it for the treatment of joint diseases, namely rheumatism, radiculitis, osteochondrosis, and polyarthritis. Thanks to the chondroitin in its composition, drugs are better absorbed into the cartilage tissue.
The use of thyroid discina contributes to the following changes in the body:
- metabolism improves;
- beneficial bacteria are actively multiplying;
- the nervous system is strengthened.
Experts do not advise using tinctures based on thyroid discine inside, it is better to use them externally. It is difficult to choose a dosage for a medicine, because the amount of active substances can change every year and depends on the region of growth.
By destroying dry branches, the fungus increases the amount of carbon and nitrogen. For animals, the pink-red saucer is a valuable food.
Similar species and how to distinguish from them
Thyroid discina is very similar to the edible discina venosa, but the second is much less common in the heroine of our article. She also prefers to settle in deciduous rather than pine forests.
Discina accumbens, which sometimes comes across in mountainous areas, can be distinguished from thyroid only under a microscope - its spores have blunted appendages at the tips. Ground discina (Discina geogenia) has an olive-colored "cap". There is also a fairly large number of similar species, but they differ from the heroine of our article for the most part precisely in the shape of the spores, the color of the cap, and the places of growth.
Thyroid discina (Discina ancilis) - spring mushroom
Video text
Discinum fungus saprotroph, it grows in conifers, mainly pine and mixed forests, on decaying wood, or on soil. Thyroid dyscina is demanding on lighting and humidity, therefore it settles in well-lit and humid areas. This is a typical pioneer mushroom, because his favorite habitats are disturbed sandy soil: fresh ditches, clearings, fires and roadsides, while the peak of fruiting falls in the second or third year after soil disturbance.Fruiting Discina thyroid in groups, less often singly, sometimes fruiting in damaged areas is so massive that the entire surface of the soil is covered with large, brown disc-shaped fruiting bodies. Thyroid dyscina is a typical early spring fungus, like many other early spring marsupial mushrooms, it develops very slowly, its fruiting bodies appear in late March, early April and grow for several weeks, surviving even snow and small frosts, therefore, under favorable conditions, it can be meet even at the beginning of June, by this time the fruiting bodies can grow to very large sizes. For example, the first half of this video was filmed on April 1, and the second half, with a huge mushroom, was filmed on May 8.
The fruiting bodies of the thyroid discina are large, from 3 to 10-15 cm in diameter, at first cup-shaped, round or kidney-shaped, with an inward-curved edge, then they become flattened saucer-shaped, wide-spread, with large radial folds. Sometimes dense groups of thyroid dyscina fruit bodies can be mistaken for lines with a slightly altered shape - and, in principle, this is not surprising, since the genus Discin, together with the genus Strochok, are included in the Discinovye family. The upper surface of the fruiting bodies is spore-bearing, the so-called. hymenophore, in young mushrooms it is from light brown to red-brown, sometimes with pale pink shades, then it darkens, acquiring brown-chestnut, or black-brown colors. The lower sterile surface of the fruiting body is almost smooth, dull, with blunt ribs from the stem and almost to the very edge, painted in whitish or yellowish tones, occasionally with a reddish tint. False leg, short, veined and ribbed, light, immersed in the substrate, up to 4.5 cm long and up to 3 cm thick, sometimes it is absent. The pulp is thin, fleshy-cartilaginous consistency, fragile, tender and juicy, whitish-grayish, or grayish-brownish color, without a special smell and taste.
The edibility of thyroid dyscina is poorly understood, but various sources attribute it to both edible and conditionally edible mushrooms, and all because of the relationship with the lines, which to one degree or another contain extremely toxic gyromitrin. Opinions about the presence of gyromitrin in thyroid discine are fundamentally opposite - some sources speak of its complete absence and the safety of these fungi, while others, on the contrary, indicate its presence. Given that this mushroom is very difficult to transport due to its fragility, one crumb is brought home in a basket, and it is practically tasteless, I would not recommend using it, given the risks of having gyromitrin. Discina thyroid has several similar twin species without special morphological differences, which can only be distinguished by microscopy, more or less morphologically different Discina is veinous, which has a more folded and veined surface, and its characteristic chlorine smell of pulp cannot be confused with something else. ...
Thyroid discina (Discina ancilis)
Current title
| Index Fungorum | Discina ancilis (Pers.) Sacc. | |
| MycoBank | Discina ancilis (Persoon) Saccardo |
Systematic position
Etymology of the species epithet
Ancīlis noun n 1) related to the shield; 2) biol. shaped like a shield. Gen. sing. к ancīle, is n 1) a sacred shield with recesses on the sides (according to legend, it fell from heaven during the reign of Numa Pompilius and was kept together with its 11 copies as a shrine); 2) poet. small oval shield. Also αγκύλος curve, curved.
Synonyms
- Peziza ancilis Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 1: 219 (1822)
- Acetabula ancilis (Pers.) Lambotte, (1880)
- Helvella ancilis (Pers.) Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 275 (1886)
- Gyromitra ancilis (Pers.) Kreisel, Boletus, SchrReihe 1:29 (1984)
- Peziza perlata Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2 (1): 43 (1822)
- Discina perlata (Fr.) Fr., Summa veg. Scand., Section Post. (Stockholm): 348 (1849)
- Gyromitra perlata (Fr.) Harmaja, Karstenia 9: 11 (1969)
Thyroid dyscina is an early spring and typically upland species. The favorite habitat of discina is disturbed, damaged sandy soil in pine forests: fresh ditches, clearings, roadsides, and the peak of fruiting occurs in the second or third year after the disturbance of the environment. Sometimes the entire surface of the damaged soil is covered with clusters of large, wrinkled brown discs. In the same circumstances and at the same time, a close relative of dyscina, the line Gyromitra esculenta, often bears fruit in large quantities, and sometimes these species can be found together.Like many other early spring marsupial mushrooms (morel caps, morels, lines, sarcosoma), discina develops very slowly: fruiting bodies grow for several weeks, surviving even snow and light frosts, and in favorable conditions they come across even in the first decade of June, sometimes reaching very large sizes by this time.
Discina is conditionally edible and good because in some places you can pick up quite a lot of it. But the collected mushrooms must be thoroughly cleaned of ingrown sand and certainly boiled with a drain of water, since other mushrooms of this family contain poisonous volatile water-soluble substances that are removed during boiling. The toxicity of D. ansilis is not well understood.
Discina does not have such a bright taste as morels and lines, but boiled mushrooms have a pleasant fleshy consistency, and with some culinary savvy, they are good in appetizers and side dishes.
In English, the mushroom is called Pig's Ears, pig ears.
Habit
Fruit body: Cup-shaped, saucer-shaped, in the form of ears (discomycetes)
Hymenophore: Smooth, not pronounced
Fruiting body
Apothecia are large, from 3 to 10-15 cm in diameter, widely spread, with large radial folds, light brown. At the base, they are elongated into a short, thick, longitudinally grooved pedicle 0.5 - 1.5 cm long. Outside smooth, grayish blue or yellowish pink. The tissue has a fleshy-cartilaginous consistency, fragile, juicy.
Microscopy
Spores 24 - 30 × 13 - 14 µm, ellipsoidal, with conical, colorless appendages at the ends, sometimes slightly warty.
Bags 300 - 350 microns, cylindrical 8-spore.
Paraphyses are forked branched, up to 3 µm wide, expanded at the apex up to 6 - 9 µm.
Ecology and distribution
Substrate: Soil, litter
They develop in groups in coniferous forests, preferring damaged soil.
