We grow chrysanthemums from seeds at home

Chrysanthemums are very beautiful flowers of various shades that can decorate various rooms. At home, they grow very well, without causing much trouble in their maintenance and care. These plants are quite unpretentious and tolerate a drop in temperature well. They do not fade for a long time when cut, so they are often used in autumn bouquets. Many people think that chrysanthemums can only be grown by rooting a shoot or dividing a bush. However, this miracle can also be grown from seeds.

Description of the plant

Chrysanthemum is loved by many gardeners not only for its beautiful flowering, but also for the fact that it is one of the last to bloom and pleases the eye with its gorgeous appearance until the very cold weather. This flower in vivo found in China, North America, Asia and Europe... Chrysanthemum has many varieties, numbering about 150 pieces.

The cultivation of this flower occurs both at home and in the summer cottage. In the latter case, only two varieties are used:

• Korean
• ground chrysanthemum.

It belongs to the Asteraceae family of Compositae. It begins to bloom in September and ends in a month, in October. The height of the shrub is from 30 to 110 cm... The higher it is, the more flowers are formed on it, and under favorable conditions, up to 100 inflorescences with a double or semi-double surface can appear. The branched roots of the plant can penetrate the soil to a depth of 20 cm.

For growing on personal plots, the following types of chrysanthemums are most often acquired:

• Alpine;
• Crowned;
• Keeled;
• Shrub;
• Chinese;
• Korean.

Hybrid varieties tolerate temperature extremes and bad weather much easier. They are less likely to be affected by pests and various diseases, and they differ in a long flowering period.

How to grow a chrysanthemum from seeds?

Growing a flower from seeds does not require special conditions and does not take much time. Chrysanthemum is unpretentious and easily adapts to various environmental conditions. You need to know that not all types of such a plant are grown from seeds, but only Korean small-flowered and some annuals... All other species are obtained by cuttings or dividing the bush.

The seeds of annual chrysanthemums can be sown directly into open ground. This is usually done in mid-May, flowering in this case will come only in autumn. In order to see flowers early, it is best to plant seedlings that quickly adapt to open ground. Seeds of perennial flowers are sown at the end of January. If the winter is too harsh, then this process is postponed to February.

Such flowers should be grown in light soil, which is prepared according to the following scheme:

• one part of humus;
• one piece of sand;
• two pieces of leafy land.

Growing chrysanthemums at home must be carried out in a container, on the bottom of which gravel, expanded clay or any other material that acts as drainage is laid. Seeds of annual flowers are planted to a depth of no more than 1 cm... If the chrysanthemum is Korean, then in this case the seeds must be laid out on the surface. The emergence of sprouts should be expected in two weeks, and under favorable conditions this period is usually shortened.

Seedlings should be grown at an ambient temperature of +18 degrees. The soil must be constantly moist, so it must be systematically sprayed with a spray bottle so that it does not dry out. It is best to use warm and settled water. After the appearance of several true leaves, the plants begin to dive into separate containers.

Planting chrysanthemums in open ground

Growing a flower outdoors is quite simple, but you still need to adhere to certain conditions.

Lighting

Seedlings in open ground are transplanted at the beginning of summer, and in good weather conditions they do it a little earlier. In this case, you should focus on the temperature of the soil, which should warm up to +14 degrees. The area where chrysanthemums will grow should be well lit by sunlight.... Since most varieties begin to bloom in the fall, the light regime is as natural as possible.

If the chrysanthemum suffers from a lack of sun, then only flower buds begin to form, and with an excess of it, mainly axillary buds, stems and leaves will be laid. Thus, in order for the flower to develop normally, it needs a normal daylight hours.

Windless and flat area

The plant does not like drafts and wind, so it is best to grow chrysanthemums near the house or fence. Besides, for such flowers it is necessary to find a flat area... This is explained by the fact that in the lowland, due to melting snow, water will begin to drain and flood the chrysanthemum. This can also happen during rainy weather.

Care

After the seedlings are planted, it must be properly cared for. First of all, the chrysanthemum must be watered after planting. Lack of moisture will not allow flower buds to form, from which inflorescences subsequently grow. Excess moisture is not terrible for the plant, but too juicy shoots can freeze during autumn frosts.

Chrysanthemum care includes applying fertilizers to the soil, and in moderation. It is necessary to alternate feeding using mineral and organic fertilizers... First, nitrogen fertilizing is introduced, and during the laying of buds - phosphorus-potassium. In addition, you should regularly loosen the soil and remove weeds.

Diseases and pests

Usually chrysanthemums are not susceptible to serious diseases. Mostly they are affected by spider mites, but with the help of a soap solution it is easy to get rid of it. Instead of this, you can use the solution "Piterium"... Earth parasites should not be feared either. Aphids that can grow in the flowers themselves do no harm and can be easily washed off with water.

Thus, growing from seeds and caring for a chrysanthemum is a fairly simple matter. Some species can be grown both outdoors and at home. Adhering to certain recommendations, you can achieve a gorgeous flowering in the fall, which will delight the eye for a long time.

Chrysanthemums are amazing flowers. When the trees no longer have a single leaf, and the air smells of winter, they stand out in bright spots against the background of a dull autumn landscape. These flowers are kept for a long time in cut form, therefore they are used for composing autumn bouquets. For some reason, it is believed that it is possible to propagate a chrysanthemum only by dividing a bush or rooting a shoot, but in our article we will tell you how to grow this miracle from seeds.

Chrysanthemum species

There are a lot of varieties of chrysanthemums, botanists have counted about 700. They differ in the size of inflorescences, color, height of bushes, flowering time. Garden chrysanthemums are divided into 13 groups according to the type of their inflorescences. For example, if you take bush chrysanthemums, then they are distinguished into groups according to the following criteria:

1. Plants with inflorescences of double flowers with petals covering the middle are referred to as feathery chrysanthemums.
2. Chrysanthemums, similar to the first, but with more refined petals, resembling a brush, are called bristly.
3. An open core, which is framed by 1 or 2 rows of petals, a flat inflorescence, reminiscent of a chamomile, indicates belonging to the group of simple or semi-double chrysanthemums.
4. Similar to the previous inflorescence with petals imitating a spoon, refers to spoon-shaped chrysanthemums.
5. Small double flowers of the correct round shape, collected in inflorescences, are a sign of a pompom chrysanthemum.
6. The inflorescence is flat, and the middle is raised, lush - these signs belong to the anemone chrysanthemum.
7. The new type, which in its features resembles a feathery chrysanthemum, with longer petals, is called the fantasy chrysanthemum.

How to get chrysanthemum seeds

Chrysanthemum seeds are commercially available, but you can collect them yourself. In this case, you should know:

1. Seeds from small simple and semi-double flowers are easier to collect and their germination is good, but large-flowered varieties are difficult to breed in this way, because they produce very little seed.
2. Quality seeds produce early and medium flowering chrysanthemums. In late-flowering chrysanthemums, the seeds do not ripen.

So, in order to get seeds from the plant you like:

• we plant it in the spring in the garden as early as possible;
• water regularly, feed;
• stepchild;
• we make sure that on a small chrysanthemum there are from 5 to 8 stems, and on a large chrysanthemum - no more than 3;
• pinch, leaving only 1 bud on one stem. This improves the quality of the seeds and increases their number.

From plants that bloom in mid-summer, seeds are harvested while they are in the garden. With those that continue to bloom in the fall, you should do this:

1. Cover the bush with foil so that the flowers do not get wet if it is not possible to move it to the greenhouse.
2. Before freezing, transplant the chrysanthemum into a pot, bring it into the house and place it on a sunny windowsill. If the bush is grown in a greenhouse, then the receptacle can spoil the condensation. To prevent this from happening, protect it with gauze or agrofilm.
3. Collect the seeds as soon as the baskets are brown. This usually happens in late November and early December. Do not be late, otherwise they will crumble themselves.

Important: if the petals of your chrysanthemum are so long that they cover the middle, then they need to be trimmed as they grow back. So the place where the seeds are located will be better illuminated and ventilated, which will prevent rotting.

Chrysanthemum from seed

Chrysanthemum seeds are grown in two ways:

• by sowing seeds directly into the ground;
• through growing seedlings.

Seedless way

This method is the most accessible and least labor-intensive, but there is 1 drawback - you can appreciate the fruits of your labor only at the very end of summer, before chrysanthemums will not bloom. If you are ready to wait so long, then in May prepare the garden, and then:

1. Make holes about 25 cm apart.
2. Sprinkle them with warm water.
3. Place seeds in each planting place - no more than 3.
4. Sprinkle with soil on top.
5. Cover with agrofibre or plastic wrap if it's still pretty cold. As soon as the first shoots appear, remove the shelter.
6. Take care of the seedlings. Loosen and remove weeds.
7. Top up with a highly diluted liquid fertilizer.
8. Remove excess plants after 3 leaves appear, leaving only the strongest plants one at a time in the nest. Jail the rest.

We grow seedlings

In order for chrysanthemums grown from seeds to bloom at the right time, planting should begin no later than March, for which:

• we prepare trays with a side height of 6-8 centimeters;
• we fill in the soil;
• lay out the seeds;
• sprinkle on top with clean river sand. The thickness of the layer is not more than 1 cm;
• moisturize;
• cover with glass or tighten with foil;
• we stand until germination at an average temperature of 18 degrees C. The seeds will sprout in about 2 weeks;
• remove the glass, put the trays on the windowsill;
• moisturize and feed, highlight;
• we dive;
• we sit in separate containers as soon as we see 3-4 real leaves;
• we transplant to a flower bed in May, keeping the distance between plants 15-20 cm and 30 cm between rows.

How to prepare the soil for planting chrysanthemums with seeds

The composition of the soil in which the seeds are sown is important. It consists of an equal amount:

• white peat;
• humus;
• greenhouse land sifted.

After mixing all these components, the soil should be disinfected. For this purpose, it is placed on a stove heated to 130 degrees C or in a water bath.

Seed-grown chrysanthemum care

Having decided to breed chrysanthemums with seeds, planting and caring for them should be given special attention in the first year.

What chrysanthemum loves

Having set yourself the task of growing a chrysanthemum from seeds, you should know in what conditions flowers are obtained that are not inferior in their beauty to exhibition specimens. Please note that this plant prefers:

• places well lit by the sun and protected from the wind;
• fertile soil. Optimally - easily permeable loams. Acidity pH from 6 to 6.5;
• good drainage.

Features of young plants

In the first year after planting chrysanthemums with seeds, young plants are somewhat different from older ones of the same variety:

• begins to bloom a week or two later;
• few cuttings;
• the flowers are larger.

Note: allows you to get strong chrysanthemum seeds, growing it in the form of a single stem.

Seedling care

To achieve a good result, follow the rules for caring for chrysanthemum seedlings planted in the ground:

1. One young plant should cover an area of ​​at least 250x250 mm.
2. The number of dressings in the summer months is at least 3. At the same time, mineral and organic fertilizers are alternated. Nitrogen fertilizers, both organic and mineral, are especially important.

The rate of applied fertilizers per 1 sq. m:

• nitrogen - from 10 to 15 g;
• potash - from 10 to 16 g;
• phosphoric - from 15 to 20 g.

How to protect from disease

Unfortunately, sometimes plants get sick and are damaged by various pests. Therefore, in order for the seeds of chrysanthemums, the photo of which is posted below, to turn into beautiful flowers, it is necessary to carry out prevention and fight against all these misfortunes:

1. When feeding, add a drug such as Fitosporin to the solution.
2. After rain, treat bushes with Quadrix or another similar preparation to prevent fungal and viral infections.
3. For pests such as caterpillars, leaf rollers, use Ratibor, Fitoverm, Aktar.
4. If an aphid attacked or a spider mite appeared, then insecticides are used, but when you do not like to use chemistry in your garden, then there is also such a recipe:

• dissolve laundry soap in water;
• spray the plants.

Korean chrysanthemum

This flower is a frost-hardy hybrid of a garden chrysanthemum. There are a lot of varieties of this species. They are also divided into groups according to some criteria:

1. The size of the inflorescences. If they are within 100 mm, then this is a small-flowered chrysanthemum. More - large-flowered.
2. In the form of flowers, they are single and double-row, pompom, double, half double.
3. By flowering - some bloom very early, others only at the end of summer or even in autumn.

Height:

• up to 0.3 m - curb or low;
• up to 0.5 m - medium;

The flowers, collectively called Korean chrysanthemum, are grown from seeds in the same way as other chrysanthemums. There are some differences in care, especially for globular representatives. To make the bush look beautiful in the form of a lush ball, you must:

• separate the top of 100-150 cm of young shoots;
• pinch off shoots that appear in the future;
• bushes that have bloomed - cut flush with the ground;
• stems, the remains of which have survived until spring, should be removed as soon as young shoots appear;
• plants must be replanted after a maximum of 3 years. In this case, the rhizomes are divided.

Consider: When growing Korean chrysanthemum from seeds, you should not expect to get an exact copy of the flower from which the seeds were collected. Most likely, the characteristics that distinguish the variety will not persist, but the plant will be strong and more adapted to local conditions.

The secrets associated with the cultivation of Korean chrysanthemums are shared by the author of this video:

Chrysanthemums are one of the favorite plants of flower growers. This is due not only to their beautiful decorative appearance, but also to their relatively easy care. They decorate any flower garden until late autumn.

Fine chrysanthemums (cultivation and care)

Growing chrysanthemums is not difficult even for inexperienced gardeners. Well-lit areas with fertile soil of average texture are suitable for them. The soil should not contain excess organic fertilizers. When choosing a place for chrysanthemums, remember that they do not tolerate stagnant water. This plant is distinguished by its cold resistance and drought resistance.

Chrysanthemums reproduce by cuttings and division of mother liquors. Recently, the method of growing these flowers by sowing seeds in open ground and for seedlings has become increasingly used. Most often, this breeding method is used for breeding rare varieties of chrysanthemums. Some experienced florists grow flowers by sowing seeds before winter.

Chrysanthemums are considered quite resistant plants to diseases and pests, but despite this, they can be affected by:

• Powdery mildew, a sign of which is a white powdery coating on all parts of the plant. This disease requires the introduction of a sufficient amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, regular removal of old leaves and root watering without moisture entering the leaves.
• Nematodosis, in which light spots appear on the leaves, limited by veins. Then they turn black and dry. Control methods: soil treatment with steam, disinfection with formalin or carbothion. Sick bushes are kept in hot water (55 ° C) for 5 minutes. After this treatment, they are planted in disinfected soil.
• A field or meadow bug that feeds on plant juices. Control methods: spraying with various insecticides (Karbofos, Decis, Fury).
• A spider mite that damages the leaves from the underside. Control methods: spraying with "Karbofos".

The following forms of chrysanthemums are grown in flower beds:

• Small-flowered, which have many shoots, crowned with numerous (up to 800 pcs.) Small inflorescences, 2-9 cm in diameter.
• Large-flowered, reaching a height of 1-1.2 meters. On their stems there are 1-10 large inflorescences.

Some growers use the biological characteristics of certain varieties of chrysanthemums to grow them in the winter under indoor conditions. To obtain flowering plants in January-March, late-flowering varieties with a budding period of 12-14 weeks are used. This method of growing chrysanthemums is very costly as it uses additional lighting.

How to grow chrysanthemums from seeds on your site?

The cultivation of annual and perennial chrysanthemums has recently become more and more popular. They can be obtained by sowing seeds in open ground at the end of April or in May. On the prepared beds, holes are made at intervals of 20-25 cm.Pour them with warm water and put 2-3 seeds each. The holes covered with earth are covered with a vegetable film. Thanks to it, the soil in the hole will be well warmed up and moistened, which contributes to the fastest germination of seeds.

When the first shoots appear, the shelter is removed. Caring for young chrysanthemums consists in regularly loosening the soil, removing weeds and applying top dressing. A week after germination, they can be fed with liquid fertilizer, highly diluted with water. For this, preparations such as "Rainbow" and "Ideal" are suitable.

When the seedlings reach 5-10 cm in height, one plant is left in the hole. For this, the strongest specimens are chosen. The rest of the seedlings can be carefully removed from the ground and planted elsewhere. Chrysanthemums bloom 40-50 days after the seedlings appear.

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds using seedlings

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds can also be done through seedlings. At the same time, flowering occurs much faster. Perennial chrysanthemums are grown only in this way. In February-March, seeds are sown in small boxes filled with nutritious soil. For its preparation, in equal proportions, you can take soil from a greenhouse, humus and peat. Before sowing the seeds, the soil mixture is sieved and steamed at a temperature of about 120 ° C. Ready-made soil for flowering plants is also suitable for seedlings.

Drainage must be poured at the bottom of the boxes (expanded clay, small stones, broken red brick). Wet soil is poured on top of it. Seeds are poured onto its surface.

At the same time, there is a strict rule for their termination:

• the seeds of annual chrysanthemums are sprinkled with a layer of soil of 0.5 cm;
• seeds of perennial varieties are left on the surface of the soil, only by pressing them with the palm of your hand.

The earth is moistened with a spray bottle. The boxes are covered with plastic wrap. They are placed in a warm place where the temperature is 23-25 ​​° C. Crops are regularly checked, moistened and aired. The soil should not dry out. Shoots appear after 10-14 days. After that, the boxes with seedlings are placed in a bright place.

When 2-4 leaves appear, the plants dive into cups or pots. This will protect the chrysanthemum root system from damage during transplantation. Seedlings that are very elongated and weakened are not suitable for diving. After completing this procedure, the plants are sprayed with a solution of "Zircon" or "Epin-Extra". These drugs help the seedlings take root faster.

Caring for young chrysanthemums is simple. It consists in maintaining an optimal temperature of 16-18 ° C, regular watering and feeding. Plants are fertilized once every 2 weeks. If there is insufficient natural light, you may need additional. With proper care, the seedlings reach 15-20 cm in height in 1.5 months. When the air outside warms up to 15-18 ° C, the plants are transferred to the greenhouse. After the end of the threat of spring frosts in May, chrysanthemums are planted in a permanent place. Immediately after landing on the flower beds, the tops of the seedlings are pinched. When the lateral shoots reach a length of 15-20 cm, the pinching is repeated. Thanks to this procedure, dense, compact bushes are obtained, strewn with numerous inflorescences.

Cutting and dividing the chrysanthemum bush

The main method of reproduction of chrysanthemums is considered vegetative - cuttings. The breeding process begins with the selection of the best mother plants. After flowering, they are dropped in greenhouses or planted in boxes and left in a cool, dry place with normal lighting. Then vernalization is carried out - the content of mother liquors at a temperature of 1-4 ° C for 2-4 weeks. Then they are brought into a warm, well-lit room. After that, root shoots begin to grow actively on the mother liquors. It is cut into cuttings when 2-3 internodes are formed. They are planted in prepared boxes. The optimum temperature for their development is 16-18 ° C.

Reproduction by dividing the bush is less productive, but the easiest. Small-flowered chrysanthemums are most often used for division. The bushes are transplanted after 2 years, dividing them into several parts with young shoots.

Growing chrysanthemums at home (video)

Autumn suns, as chrysanthemums are called - flowers that delight with their beauty and brightness on dull autumn days. The queen of autumn can be stored cut for a long time and is used in the preparation of bouquets. It is a perennial belonging to the family of Asteraceae, which has many varieties and attracts the eye with its variety and richness of colors.

Collecting chrysanthemum seeds for growing

Chrysanthemums can be grown from seeds at home. These plants are unpretentious and can quickly adapt to environmental conditions. Growing from seeds does not take much time and does not require special conditions.

It is preferable to collect seeds from early to medium flowering flowers, as they produce better quality seeds. Late blooming ones simply may not ripen.

Experienced florists recommend following certain rules when growing chrysanthemums for seeds:

1. Chrysanthemum seeds are sown on the garden bed in early spring.
2. The sprouts are regularly fed and watered.
3. Stepson, 8 stems are left on a small plant, and 3 on a large one.
4. 1 bud is left on one stem, the rest are pinched to increase the quantity and quality of seeds.

If you still need to collect seeds from late flowering plants. then the bush is wrapped in a film, or transplanted into a pot and moved to a greenhouse or to a house on the windowsill. Seed collection begins when the baskets are browned, as a rule, in November - December.

Seed planting methods

Exist two ways to grow chrysanthemums from seeds:

• sowing in March-April in open ground;
• through seedlings by sowing seeds in pots in January.

For the seedless method, holes are made at a distance of 25 cm from each other and watered. Seeds are laid in them in 3 pieces and sprinkled with earth. In case of frost, cover with foil. Seedlings need loosening and feeding. If all 3 sprouts sprout in the hole, then the strongest is left, and the rest are planted.

Growing through seedlings is carried out by sowing seeds in a container with soil containing one part of sand and humus and 2 parts of land. The laid out seeds are sprinkled with sand on 1 cm. moistened and covered with a film. After emergence, after about 14 days, the film can be removed and the seedlings can be watered. feed. dive, and when four leaves appear, plant in separate pots. With the onset of warm May days, seedlings are planted in a flower bed.

Choosing a place for planting and care

When planting a plant. you need to choose places that are well lit by the sun, protected from the wind and with fertile, easily permeable soil, with good drainage.

For the formation of full-fledged buds, the sprouts need sufficient moisture.

Also, plants need feeding, which consists in applying fertilizers, alternating mineral with organic, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Conducting top dressing, drugs are added to it that protect sprouts from various diseases, viral and fungal infections and pests - caterpillars, ticks. Use phytosporin, quadrix, ratibor, fitoverm, laundry soap and other means.