Is it possible to grow oyster mushrooms in the basement of a residential building?

If your family is very fond of mushrooms, you can learn how to grow them yourself. Of course, not all mushrooms will succumb to an amateur: there are very whimsical species, for the cultivation of which knowledge, experience, and special equipment are needed. But the oyster mushroom in the basement is real.

What should be the basement for growing oyster mushrooms

Although oyster mushroom is not particularly demanding, certain growing conditions must be observed. Otherwise, a good harvest cannot be expected.

First you need to understand if the basement is suitable for growing these mushrooms. In principle, there are not so many conditions: the basement must be warm, with an air humidity of at least 60%.

Oyster mushrooms grow at temperatures from +5 degrees. If the basement is colder, it will have to be insulated. The final positive temperature for growing oyster mushrooms is + 30 degrees, after this temperature limit the mushrooms either do not germinate or die.

If the basement is not humid enough (less than 60%), you need to put a humidifier, otherwise the oyster mushrooms will begin to dry, even with frequent watering.

Oyster mushroom bags

Prepare oyster mushroom bags. They are easy to make from garbage bags (dimensions approximately 35x80 cm). Each summer resident has material for planting oyster mushrooms: leaves, wood shavings, sunflower trunks, corn cobs, straw, hay. All that is available needs to be crushed, put into a large saucepan or barrel, pour boiling water, close the lid. During the day, the soil will cool down. After that, sprinkle the wet material with mycelium - in layers. It is good to put lime on top of the soil in each bag (about 80 g).

Tie the bags of the seeded mycelium tightly and transfer to the basement. Make holes in the foil (10-15 pieces in each bag) with a diameter of about 3 cm.

From oyster mushrooms in the basement, you can arrange a pyramid by placing the bags on top of each other. It is also convenient if some of the bags are suspended from ropes or strong cords. All this saves space.

Oyster mushroom in the basement in plastic containers

In the same way, oyster mushrooms can be grown using plastic containers: for example, containers for building materials. Old plastic barrels are wonderful containers for growing mushrooms because of their size.

Active growth and harvest of oyster mushrooms

When the first oyster mushroom embryos begin to appear, try to water the soil after 1-2 days and turn on the lighting for 6-7 hours (fluorescent lamp, 100 W). Be sure to open the basement doors for ventilation for 2-3 hours. When the first mushrooms form, watering should become even more frequent. Pour water from the bottle directly into the bag, untiing it slightly on top. It is also useful to spray the oyster mushrooms themselves in the morning and evening.

In the spring, when it gets warmer, it is advisable to take the bags outside, but be sure to cover them with dark dense material (for example, an old bedspread). But if night frosts are expected, bags from the street must be brought either to the basement or to a closed veranda.When the mushrooms begin to grow actively, the bags should be untied and left open, but so that direct sunlight does not fall on them.

Oyster mushrooms must be cut when they reach a diameter of up to 10 cm. They grow (after they germinate), only 3-5 days.

When the harvest is harvested, put the bag back in a dark place, let it rest. If the mycelium is good, the bag will be "mushroom" again in 1-2 months. After the used material, you can fertilize the cucumber beds - a very good compost.

The oyster mushroom in the basement can grow year-round. Of course, you won't be able to take mushroom bags outside in cold weather, but you can simply illuminate more with a fluorescent lamp.

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Recently, such an occupation as mushroom growing has become more and more popular. Most people want to grow mushrooms on their own for their own needs or as a small business. And it's worth saying that this is completely simple to do, since mushrooms are quite unpretentious and do not require much effort when growing. If you have a free basement, then this article will focus on growing mushrooms in the basement.

Features of growing mushrooms in the basement, advantages

Growing mushrooms in the basement is the year-round availability of this product, the opportunity to constantly pamper yourself with delicious and fresh mushrooms. In addition, the idea of ​​a mushroom growing business looks very attractive. A business based on home growing mushrooms in the basement is a great option for additional income. A business idea has its advantages, namely:

• mushrooms do not need special attention when growing them, respectively, there is a lot of free time;
• cultivation does not require special knowledge and skills;
• all the materials necessary for cultivation are very simple, they can be obtained at home, and, if necessary, bought ready-made;
• minimum financial investment.

With good results, mushroom growing can grow from a hobby into a main source of income. It is very important to grow a good and high-quality product, conclude supply contracts with shops, restaurants, canteens.

Cellar varieties

For growing in basement conditions, all the same mushrooms that are usually grown in large greenhouses and mushroom pickers are suitable. Only oyster mushrooms and mushrooms can be grown in the basement. The latter, in specific cases, will be more whimsical. The thing is that champignons love light, therefore, for their cultivation, powerful lamps of diffused daylight will be needed, which should illuminate myceliums 12-13 hours a day. The easiest way is to grow oyster mushrooms in basements - they do not like light, the dampness of the basement and the low air temperature suit them.

What should be a basement for growing mushrooms

Before starting to grow mushrooms, the cellar must be prepared accordingly. It will not be enough just to plant mycelium in the drawers of the cellar and leave the light on.

Preparing a cellar for growing mushrooms involves a number of operations, which include:

Lighting... It is worth considering that for the cultivation of each type of mushroom, individual lighting is required. If you are going to grow several types of mushrooms at the same time, the basement will need to be divided into light zones. Champignons love more light than oyster mushrooms. In specialty horticultural stores, you can purchase fluorescent lamps for the greenhouse, in which the brightness and sharpness of the lighting will be adjusted.

Ventilation. All mushrooms, without exception, love fresh air. The problem with the cellars is that the air in them is damp and rotten.To avoid the formation of mold and mildew on the walls, it is necessary to install special hoods in the room, which will take in bad air and supply fresh air.

Humidity and temperature. Air humidity for growing mushrooms should be 65% - 95%. But with the temperature regime it is a little more complicated. Champignons are more thermophilic, the optimum temperature for growing them is 13 ° - 29 °, while oyster mushrooms feel comfortable at 12 ° - 25 °. Therefore, in order to grow several types of mushrooms at the same time, the room must also be zoned into temperature zones. For heating, it is best to use water systems with a temperature controller. They are easy to install, more economical, and most importantly, they do not dry out the air in the room.

Zoning. As already mentioned, the room is divided into zones according to lighting and temperature conditions. This can be done using ordinary plastic or polyfiber partitions, which retain moisture and temperature well. It is important, as convenient as possible, to determine the area for growing each type of mushroom.

Disinfection. To avoid the formation of mold, the room must be disinfected. This is best done after all the building steps, before planting. To do this, use special sulfur checkers with which the room is fumigated. If the basement is old, it is best to spray all surfaces with a formalin solution. In the absence of disinfection, mushroom flies, ticks or nematodes can attack the mushrooms, and the crop will be lost. You will have to change the substrate, disinfect the room, and these are additional costs.

Shelving. The best option for the manufacture of shelving is durable plastic. Constant temperature conditions and high strength will quickly render wood and metal unusable, so plastic is an ideal option - it does not rust or rot. In garden centers, you can buy ready-made racks that only need to be assembled indoors.

Other equipment. This group includes containers for placing the substrate and planting myceliums. Special underlays for shelvingthat you may need if in the basement not warm enough... Also worth mentioning about watering... It is strictly forbidden to water the mycelium with a direct stream of water - this leads to the debate of the substrate, and the mycelium may die or rot. To do this, use special sprayers (manual and automatic)that irrigate the soil. If the lighting is too bright and unadjustable, you may need a special the cloth, which is hung over the shelves to to avoid direct light hitting the formed myceliums.

Video: a room for growing oyster mushrooms in the basement

Important! The floor of the room must be concrete. If there is none, it is recommended to make a screed. The earthen floor is a breeding ground for harmful bacteria and parasites that will attack crops. Be sure to cover the walls with a solution of lime and copper sulfate. This will additionally protect your plantings from parasites, which are often found in mushrooms.

How to grow mushrooms in your basement

For each type of mushroom, individual needs are taken into account when growing, namely air temperature, humidity and lighting. Today, oyster mushrooms are considered the most popular for cultivation, the favorites of all generations are champignons.

Note! Sometimes on the Internet you can find information about growing porcini mushrooms at home in the basement, but this is pure deception, do not see each other.

So, what are the characteristics of growing in the basement for each of these species? Let's try to figure it out.

Champignons

The main task is to prepare a nutrient substrate in which the mushrooms will grow.To prepare the substrate, you must use straw, horse or cow manure, urea or ammonium nitrate, gypsum or alabaster, superphosphate and chalk, as well as water. Next, mix all the remaining ingredients in certain proportions. A more accurate recipe for preparing a substrate can be found in the article "Growing mushrooms at home"... The compost takes more than 3 weeks to prepare. The finished compost is laid out on racks in a dense layer and left for a day so that it evenly warms up to the room temperature, namely: 23 C ° - 25 C °. Next, the mycelium is planted in warm soil. It takes about 10 days from planting to the first shoots. The temperature at this time should be at least 28 ° C. After germination, the temperature is lowered by 8 - 10 degrees. Lighting is always kept at the same level (12 hours of light daily). The first crop can be harvested after 14 days from the date of sowing. It is necessary to irrigate myceliums every two days. The fruiting period of champignon mycelium lasts 40 - 45 days.

Video: growing mushrooms in the basement

Oyster mushrooms

The optimal substrate for growing oyster mushrooms is a wooden bar. This is a very affordable material that you can make yourself. To do this, it is necessary to prepare bars (wooden stumps.) They are partially cleaned of bark, deep cracks are made and soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate. Then the tree becomes infected with mycelium. Any trees will do, with the exception of conifers. Most often, shavings or sawdust of deciduous trees, dry straw, husks from seeds and other organic debris are used as a substrate. These are all commercially available at any gardening store. Ready-made substrates can also be purchased there. Next, this substrate is mixed with mycelium and placed in a felt bag, which is hung on a rack. The room temperature must be at least 22 ° C. When the first shoots appear, the temperature is lowered to 13 ° C. Oyster mushrooms are undemanding, and bright lighting is harmful to them, therefore, they must be illuminated with very weak and diffused light for no more than 5 hours a day. Within 10 days after sowing, you will be able to harvest the first crop. The fruiting period of oyster mushrooms is up to two months. You can find more detailed instructions on growing oyster mushrooms in this article.

Video: growing oyster mushrooms in the basement

By the way! The substrate in which the mushrooms grew cannot be reused. It makes an excellent organic fertilizer for flowering plants in your garden or houseplants.

White mushroom

It is one of the most demanding mushroom cultivation that you can never grow at homealthough on the internet you will find many articles and videos about successful breeding. Here's one of those instructions.

You will get such a harvest of porcini mushrooms if you only go around the whole forest!

“The substrate for their planting should completely mimic the landscape of their place of birth, namely: forest soil. For this, dry ground twigs, leaves, field grass and dried moss are suitable. The prepared dry substrate is laid out on the racks, in a thick and dense layer. It should be well dried, but in no case ripe or damp. Next, the mycelium is planted and the soil is properly irrigated, after which it is covered with garden paper. Bright light is harmful to mushrooms, therefore, before the first shoots, the paper remains on top. The room temperature should be at 18 ° C. The fruiting period of mushrooms is short - only 30 - 35 days. Porcini mushrooms take a very long time to sprout and take root. From the moment of sowing to the first shoots, it can take up to 40 days. And in the process of growth, mushrooms may need additional fertilization (if the growth of mushrooms has stopped). "

By the way, if you still have doubts, then you can read more about growing porcini mushrooms at home. in this article.

But remember, you will never grow porcini mushrooms in unnatural conditions.

Based on the above information, it can be understood that growing mushrooms in the basement is not such a difficult task. It is important in this matter to competently approach the organization of the process itself and the equipment of the room (basement). With the right lighting, temperature and timely watering, even amateurs without much experience can grow high-quality mushrooms. A well-prepared substrate and high-quality mycelium play a key role in mushroom growing. Mushroom growing is a great example of how a hobby can grow into a profitable business.

Growing mushrooms in a cellar

How to grow mushrooms in the basement is of interest to many. Such a business can be a good option for additional income.

At the same time, much effort is not required from the business owner, but there are some features of the cultivation technology that must be observed. How to grow mushrooms in the basement with your own hands is invited to learn from this article.

Features of growing mushrooms in the basement

The advantages of a business idea for growing oyster mushrooms, mushrooms and honey agarics in the basement are:

• Mushrooms do not need constant attention.
• When growing them, the owner will not be busy all day.
• The process does not require special knowledge and skills.
• The materials used in this case, most often, are quite simple, and more complex ones can be purchased ready-made.

In practice, when growing mushrooms to create a business, difficulties arise:

• It is difficult to find a sales market. In this case, for the sale of large volumes of products, it is required to conclude contracts with restaurants, chain stores or canneries, which is a rather complicated matter. The same rabbits will be more readily sold (read Rabbits in the cellar: how to keep them properly).
• It is not so easy to maintain a consistently high yield: diseases, fungal parasites and other risks can arise here.

Tip: Growing mushrooms should, first of all, be considered as an opportunity to generate additional income.

The technology of growing mushrooms in the basement

The most popular is oyster mushroom cultivation in the basement. This is due to the fact that the cost of preparing the substrate and the process itself is much less than champignons and honey agarics.

Oyster mushroom can be obtained indoors all year round, or outdoors during the summer season.

Growing mushrooms can be done in:

• Greenhouse.
• Basement.
• The room.
• Barn.

Read also Greenhouse in the basement of the house: a business idea

The main condition is cleanliness and dryness of the room. Before laying the mushrooms, the basement walls and the floor must be disinfected with a solution of bleach and then well ventilated.

The process will require two rooms:

• For the germination of mycelium.
• For the growth of mushrooms.

After preparing the place for growing oyster mushrooms, the instruction further suggests:

• Prepare the substrate. This can be done in several ways:

1. hydroderma or hot water treatment;
2. xerothermia or steam treatment of a dry substrate;
3. pasteurization or steam treatment of a moist substrate.

In any case, the main thing is to water the substrate for oyster mushrooms with moisture and create air permeability to it, which is necessary to create comfortable conditions during the development of mycelium, but at the same time not to damage it by the defeat of moldy fungi that are contained in the substrate. The material for the substrate blocks can be straw, dry corn stalks, hulls from sunflower seeds or buckwheat.

Hardwood shavings are an excellent material, but novice mushroom pickers should not use them during the trial period. For oyster mushrooms, the substrate should be free of rot and mold. Overmoistening should not be allowed, especially when processing it with hot water.

Tip: If you still get excess moisture, you can leave it for several days just to drain.

Then the raw material is crushed to small fractions, to retain moisture by the substrate, and after heat treatment, it is checked for excess moisture, for this the mass is compressed by hand. A material with good moisture will spring, but water will not protrude outside. Such a substrate is ready for laying the mycelium:

• Lay the substrate in layers in plastic bags with holes from 1.5 to 2 centimeters every 10 centimeters. The mycelium of the fungus is laid between the layers, as shown in the photo.

Unfolding the substrate in the basement

When deciding to purchase oyster mushroom mycelium, it is important to follow some simple rules:

• It is better to buy them from trusted suppliers.
• First you need to take a trial batch.
• It is necessary to inquire about the variety and strain of the fungus, which should be reflected on the label on the package.
• What is the percentage and rate of grain fouling.
• How resistant they are to mold.
• Shelf life.
• It is necessary to check its temperature inside, whether it has overheated upon delivery. The optimum temperature is + 20 ° C.
• The mycelium should be bright orange in color with a small admixture of yellow exudate, without green or black spots with the smell of ammonia.
• It is necessary to store the seed mycelium in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding 4 ° C. It is not allowed to place it in the freezer.
• The preservation of such mycelium should not exceed three months, and the substrate should not exceed nine months.

Tip: After purchasing the bags, you need to let them cool down, and only then fold, leaving free air access. When storing mycelium at home, the bags should not lie with each other, which can reduce their shelf life.

• Before the laying, the mycelium is crushed, without opening the bags, which equalizes its temperature and substrate, and makes it possible to avoid thermal shock of the mycelium.
• When opening the package, it is very important to observe sterile conditions: it must be treated with a disinfectant solution.

Tip: The room where oyster mushrooms are grown should be separated from the room for planting mycelium, which will prevent mycelium infestation. All operations when laying the mycelium should be carried out under sterile conditions and with gloves.

• The bags are placed in a dark, closed room with an air humidity of about 95%, and a temperature of 22 to 25 degrees for 20 to 30 days.
• Move bags to a cooler area.
• The room where the oyster mushroom grows, it is necessary to organize special ventilation to remove carbon dioxide, and humidification.

Tip: Avoiding complex technology, you can use a simple method for ventilation: put several buckets of water in the room, and use a fan to maintain air circulation.

Indoors, the temperature should be between +12 and +18 degrees, with a humidity of 95%. You need to light it continuously 12 hours a day, for this you can install fluorescent lamps.

Advice: When working indoors, you need to follow safety precautions: wear a gauze bandage, and preferably a respirator. This is due to the fact that oyster mushroom spores can cause allergies and a very severe cough. In case of a large number of fungi, the use of respiratory protection is imperative!

• After collecting two crops of oyster mushroom from one bag, its contents are replaced with a new one.
• The optimal collection rate from 10 kg of substrate is up to 3 kg of mushrooms, while changing the substrate per year can be up to five times or once every three months.
• From a square meter of "plantation" you can collect from 80 to 100 kg of mushrooms per year.

When growing honey agarics, the technology will be slightly different

for them, the substrate is prepared the same as for oyster mushrooms, but pasteurized with a boiling nutrient solution.

For this:

• Fruit or berry jam, corn flour or starch are added to the water.
• Excess water is drained away.
• The substrate and mycelium are placed in plastic bags or glass jars of three to five liters.

The cultivation of champignons has its own characteristics:

When growing them, ordinary sawdust is no longer enough, it will be necessary to prepare compost. You can buy it ready-made from agricultural enterprises, or prepare it yourself, but for beginners it will be quite difficult.

How to grow mushrooms in the basement is described in detail and shown in the video. Good luck!

Often, the owners of summer cottages want to turn every square meter into a useful one. For example, a cellar or basement can be transformed from a storage place for a crop to a place to grow it. Today we will tell you how to grow oyster mushrooms in the basement, as well as champignons.

What should be the basement

When deciding how to grow champignons in the basement, first of all, you should think about providing the necessary conditions. As already mentioned, cultivation in a cellar or basement will be optimal for mushrooms. Some people try to grow oyster mushrooms and mushrooms in a house or apartment, but it is almost impossible to create comfortable conditions for the growth of mushrooms in a living space. Some mushroom pickers resort to planting in a brick garage, which can be a good substitute for a cellar.

Thus, growing mushrooms in the basement is the most economical and least labor-intensive of the above options today. However, to get a rich harvest, you will have to carefully study the technology of cultivation of oyster mushrooms and mushrooms.

Necessary lighting

Growing champignons in the basement does not require any sunlight as mushrooms grow best in complete darkness.

Proper ventilation

Mushrooms in the basement require the correct microclimate, which is ensured by constantly maintaining the level of ventilation, temperature, and so on in the same indicators.

The ventilation system should not be open windows and doors that create drafts. Supply ventilation may also be insufficient to provide the culture with a constant supply of oxygen. The best option is a forced ventilation system, when metal grates and fine-mesh nets are installed on the air outlets, protecting the plants from the invasion of rodents and insects.

Humidity and temperature

When growing mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, it is important to ensure a constant room temperature and a high level of humidity. Champignons and oyster mushrooms in the basement are grown at a temperature of 12 to 27 ° C and a humidity of at least 65%.

To maintain the temperature in the basement, a thermometer is installed, as well as a heating system (warm floor, heaters). Since all artificial sources of heat dry the air very much, you will have to maintain the humidity manually, having stocked up with polyethylene and a sprinkler.

Zoning

The cultivation of champignons in the basement can be carried out in the most modest conditions in terms of area. To save usable space and plant as much planting material as possible, the construction of racks is recommended. The materials used are metal, plastic and wood. However, it is better to choose stainless steel as a metal, and treat wood with impregnations against rotting, which is inevitable in conditions of high humidity.

Sometimes bags, wooden boxes, wood chunks are used as a device for mycelium. All these options are possible to use, however, they are more troublesome.

Disinfection

In preparation for growing mushrooms in the basement, the disinfection stage is perhaps the most important. Insects and fungal diseases are enemies of the crop. The main source of all problems is high humidity. Therefore, if the walls are earthen or wooden, the development of the fungus is inevitable.

In this case, it is important to ensure the maximum remoteness of the room from the ground and natural wood. For this, the floors are poured with concrete, and the walls are laid out of bricks, plastered and treated with an anti-fungal solution.The ceiling is whitewashed with a solution of lime and copper sulfate. The entire room is disinfected (for example, with formalin, fumigated with a sulfuric gas) before each new planting. All elements of the arrangement are also carefully treated with antiseptics, and dishes and small parts are boiled.

Cultivars for cultivation

Not every farmer is ready to grow labor-intensive varieties of mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms and mushrooms are chosen as the best option for cultivation at home. However, among them there are different varieties.

Growing oyster mushrooms provides an opportunity to choose among many "home" species. These include Common Oyster, Oyster Oyster, Horned, Late and White Elf. There are other hybrids, but they are not much different from each other. Oyster mushrooms are very undemanding to soil and fertilizers, they give large yields and are resistant to infectious diseases.

Among the champignons, there are a number of hybrids that are offered by large nurseries and mushroom farms. They differ in size, shape and color, but are similar in taste and vegetative characteristics.

Substrate preparation and planting

There are two ways to prepare the substrate - buy ready-made in the store or do it yourself. Prepare the substrate a month before planting the mycelium, and use as ingredients:

• horse manure (if not, then cow or chicken droppings);
• straw;
• urea;
• superphosphates and fertilizers containing ammonium;
• a piece of chalk;
• gypsum or alabaster.

Horse manure and straw are preliminarily disinfected from parasites. Then the straw is soaked in a warm solution of water and ammonium nitrate for 24 hours. After the expiration of time, the straw is shifted with manure, moistened with ordinary warm water and left for several days, after which the composition is thoroughly mixed. Then gradually, at intervals of 3-4 days, the remaining ingredients are added, which are also mixed each time. When the temperature of the mixture has dropped to 25-23 ° C, the compost is ready for use.

The mycelium is bought in special stores, where it is grown under sterile conditions.

There are two types of mycelium - grain and compost. Make sure there are no green or black spots on it at the time of purchase.

After laying the substrate, you can start growing mycelium. For this, the compost mycelium is placed in pits up to 5 cm deep, located at a distance of 15–20 cm from each other. The packed mycelium is filled up and watered. The grain mycelium is simply scattered over the surface of the substrate.

Care and cultivation

During the development of mushroom filaments, the optimum temperature is 22–27 ° C, after their appearance it drops to 12–15 ° C. The first mushroom filaments appear 2 weeks after planting, after which the planting surface is covered with a mixture of peat, leaf earth and limestone (5: 4: 1).

Mushrooms love moisture, for which the first 2 weeks they are sprayed every 3-4 days. For this, the surface of the substrate is covered with polyethylene and sprayed with warm water. Further, it is better to suspend frequent hydration so as not to cause rotting of the mycelium.

Harvesting

The first wave of harvest awaits you 12-16 weeks after planting, and regular fruiting will last for the next 10-16 weeks. After each ripening, the mushrooms are carefully twisted, and a small layer of earth is laid in their place. After each harvest, the substrate is watered with a solution of water and superphosphates.

Video "Technology of growing mushrooms"

This video will show you how to grow mushrooms at home.