The best from oktyabrina ganichkina we grow tomatoes

In order to grow a decent crop of tomatoes, you need to get down to business as seriously as possible from the very beginning, armed with practical and theoretical advice from experienced gardeners. One of the most effective methods of planting tomatoes Ganichkina is considered. She is a candidate of agricultural sciences, in numerous television shows, articles and copyrighted books, she talks about how easy and cost-effective it is to grow large crops at home or in the garden.

Growing conditions (light, watering, temperature)

The soil, according to Oktyabrina Ganichkina, as well as the climatic conditions of Russia and Ukraine (abundance of sun, dry air, the possibility of frequent watering) are ideal for the growth of a crop such as tomatoes. Today we see these bright fruits all year round on supermarket shelves, they are grown in greenhouse conditions, and they are also brought from abroad. But, of course, the most appreciated are tomatoes grown in the open field. In Russia, the tomato has been known since the 18th century, but the tomato became widespread in vegetable gardens from the end of the next century. There are such types of this plant according to the nature of development:

• undersized, 30-80 cm. Differs in rapid ripeness;
• medium height, 100-120 cm outdoors, indoor - 150 cm;
• tall. In non-greenhouse conditions, they can reach 2 m, and in protected conditions, they reach the entire height of the greenhouse.

In each of the periods of its development, the plant requires certain external conditions. It is important to remember, says Oktyabrina, that seedlings need a short day of light. It is important that the tomato receives a lot of light, as the plant loves light.

The temperature regime of the tomato, which will ensure comfortable growth, is as follows:

1. up to 25 ° C during the day;
2. up to 18 ° С at night;
3. a temperature of 30 ° C leads to shedding of flowers, as a result, to the absence of fruits;
4. a short stay at temperatures up to 3 ° C is tolerated by the plant calmly.

The tomato needs moisture constantly, it is very important to water it during the period of development of the ovaries. Many do not know that the terrain through which groundwater passes is not suitable for a plant. A humid environment is also difficult to tolerate (the reason for the development of late blight, brown spot, difficulty in fertilization), as well as frequent rains. Light exposure is also very important for the health of this plant. The lack of light can be seen by the characteristic features highlighted by Oktyabrina: a very elongated seedling, the color of the leaves is soft green, an increase in the number of leaves, as well as an almost complete absence of fruits.

If the cultivation of tomatoes does not take place in the open field, it is especially worthwhile to approach moisture issues with particular care:

• comfortable - 60-70%;
• in greenhouse conditions - 80-90%.

We plant seedlings

Seedlings are purchased, or they go through the entire process of growing from seeds on their own. Oktyabrina Ganichkina advises the gardeners to sprout tomatoes themselves.When buying ready-made seedlings, you should be careful: the best is the seedling that has a low growth, but a powerful root system.

Such young bushes need to be placed in the ground until the cotyledon leaves, then sprinkle the roots with soil, press lightly. It is also worth forming small holes in the soil for better heat transfer to the roots, as well as good watering.

The soil for planting should not be dry. Small glasses or boxes of 10 × 10 cm are suitable for seedlings. Before planting, they need to be made a little denser and watered with the diluted Bud stimulant (1 g per 1 liter), as well as any other preparation for planting seeds. In each of the glasses we make a hole up to 1 cm, place one seed, pour soil on top. After sowing, the containers should be placed in a warm room (24-25 ° C) with good penetration of sunlight. If you want to achieve rapid growth, Ganichkina advises you to put a film on the containers, which must be removed after germination.

Ganichkina notes that with early sowing, the seedlings have an increased length, and later they do not take root well in the open field. Therefore, it is important to clearly know the right sowing time of the plants.

The optimal period for planting in protected ground for undersized up to 60 days, for medium-sized - 70 days. They are transplanted into greenhouse conditions from May 5 (without heating). Oktyabrina also advises to hold the seeds in special liquids ("Bud", "Agricola Vegeta", "Energen", "Effekton") before sowing. The temperature of the solution must be above 20 ° C. Place the bags in liquid for a day. Then we carry out the process of stabbing: we put a wet bag in the refrigerator for 1-2 days. The seeds can then be placed in the soil. This preparation makes the plant sustainable and influences its development in the future.

We take care of seedlings

After germination, the growth of tomato seeds is very slow, but after 2-3 weeks, growth is accelerated. In order for the seedlings not to stretch out, you need to make sure that they receive enough light and the appropriate temperature. We observe the temperature regime as follows:

• during the day not higher than 18 degrees, not lower than 13 - at night - the first seven days;
• not higher than 20 degrees - during the day, not lower than 15 - at night - until the appearance of 2 and 3 leaves.

Seedlings must be watered twice and fed. For the first watering, we use boiled water at a temperature of 20 ° C. We pour water only at the root, so as not to give the young leaves the opportunity to rot. Turning the cups upside-down to the light every day will provide protection against unproportional stretching of the plant. It is not worth keeping the cups just on the windowsill; it is better to come up with a stand for free air penetration to the roots.

Ganichkina notes that after 5 days of growing a tomato, you can remove weak plants. Plant feeding begins after the appearance of the first leaf.

• First feeding: 1 liter. water - 1 teaspoon "Agricola Vegeta" plus growth stimulator "Kornerost".
• Second dressing after the appearance of the third true leaf: 1 l. water - 1 tbsp. spoon "Effekton-O". Leaves are undesirable.

You need to water the seedlings with high quality once every 7 days. Long pauses are bad for tomatoes. In April, hardening begins by opening the window for a day. You can also transfer tomatoes to the balcony (the temperature should be at least 12 ° C). If the temperature drops, then the seedlings should not be outside. During the hardening period, it is necessary to moisten the soil well. Seedlings ready for a greenhouse have a height of 15–35 cm, as well as 12 developed leaves and 1-2 inflorescences.

Grown independently on the advice of Ganichkina, the seedlings will turn into an adult healthy plant that will bring a lush harvest in the future!

Video "Growing tomatoes according to the method of Oktyabrina Ganichkina"

On the recording, the famous gardener Oktyabrina Ganichkina gives practical advice on growing tomatoes from seeds.

There are many methods for growing healthy and robust seedlings.Seedling tomatoes according to Ganichkina is a technique that allows you to achieve high yields of any crop.

Growing tomato seedlings according to the Ganichkina method

Acquaintance with Ganichkina

Oktyabrina Ganichkina hosts most of the TV programs devoted to gardening and horticulture. Oktyabrina received her Ph.D. in agricultural sciences and wrote a large number of works devoted to the cultivation of seedlings of vegetables and fruits. Her advice is especially popular even among professional gardeners.

She has her own channel where she talks about the methods of growing crops and shows the principle of work. Thanks to the advice of this woman, beginners in the field of agriculture were able to learn all the intricacies of agricultural technology and the principles of crop cultivation.

Planting seeds

Most gardeners prefer purchased seedlings, but home-grown seedlings are much healthier and of better quality.

Disinfection

First of all, seeds are disinfected. For these purposes, universal preparations (Epin and Energen) are used, which not only disinfect the planting material, but also stimulate its growth. The seeds are soaked in a similar solution for about 24 hours. After that, they are wrapped in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator for several hours.

Landing dates

Sowing seeds at home is done, depending on the cultivated variety.

• If it is decided to plant low-growing crops, planting is done in April. After 30 days, seedlings appear, and after 60 days they are planted in open ground or a greenhouse.
• Seeds of late-ripening crops are planted in March. After 40 days, seedlings appear, and after 70 days, seedlings can be planted.

Landing rules

Sowing seeds is carried out in plastic cups. Disposable containers are ideal. Each seed is placed in its own glass so that the tomatoes do not shade each other and do not overlap with the root system, because this slows down their growth. Planting depth should not exceed 3 cm.

For quick germination of seeds, O. Ganichkina recommends covering the glasses with foil and placing them in a well-lit place (windowsill or balcony).

At home, you need to accurately regulate the temperature regime. Daytime temperature should not be lower than 20 ° С, at night it is forbidden to decrease indicators below 15 ° С. Temperatures around 30 ° C cause the seedlings to stop growing. As a result, flowers do not form or the plant stops growing, the root system cannot form correctly. As a result, the amount of yield decreases several times.

Seedling preparation

Seedlings must be hardened

Seedlings of tomatoes according to Ganichkina's method must necessarily go through certain stages of preparation:

1. Formation. As soon as the plant reaches 60 days, the first central bud is formed on it. It must be removed, otherwise other buds are unable to form. As a result, fruiting is minimal.
2. Top dressing. Before planting in open ground or a greenhouse, seedlings must be fed. For these purposes, nitrogen nitrate is used, which speeds up the process of root formation. As a result, the plant is more quickly taken up by the soil.
3. Hardening. The hardening process consists in the fact that the seedlings are taken out into the street a week before planting in a permanent place. For the first 2 days, she should be outside for no more than 3 hours. After that, the time spent on the street is gradually increased until it reaches 8 hours a day. Tempering is necessary so that the plant does not experience stress when planted in an open field or greenhouse.

Disembarkation process

Preference should be given to light and nutritious soils. In loamy and clayey places, fruiting occurs late. Choose areas with constant sunlight and draft protection.

The plant should not be planted in a permanent place very early: this will lead to a slowdown in growth, as a result, the seedlings will not take root well in the soil.Determinant tomatoes are planted in a greenhouse or open field at the age of 60 days. Indeterminate tomatoes are planted when they are 70 days old.

Planting dates depend on the climate of the region. If you plant tomatoes in an unheated greenhouse in early May, the plant will be much healthier and more fruitful. In open ground, planting is carried out on the 20th of May. The plant must be at least 25 cm high, otherwise it will not be able to undergo acclimatization.

When planting, you should also remember about the correct scheme: between the rows, a distance of 60 cm should be maintained, between the holes - about 70 cm.

Care rules

The rules of care are sufficient illumination, optimal temperature conditions and fertilizers.

• The daytime ambient temperature should not be lower than 18 ° C. If there is a change in the weather and the temperature has dropped, the planting area is covered with plastic wrap. Protective measures are carried out until the ovaries begin to form. Only after this is the shelter removed.
• An important stage of care is watering. Ganichkina O. recommends watering only with boiled warm water. Water should not get on the leaves of tomatoes: this will lead to rotting of the leaves, therefore, watering is carried out only at the root.
• Top dressing is carried out immediately after the appearance of the first leaf. The first 3 weeks of feeding is carried out only with mineral fertilizers. For the correct growth and strength of the main stem, the preparations Kornerost and Vegetta are used. 1 spoon of each substance is diluted in 5 liters of warm water, after which root feeding is carried out. After planting in a permanent place, mineral fertilizers (phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen) are alternated with organic substances (humus and bird droppings). With nitrogenous substances, you need to be careful not to burn the roots of the bush.
• It is important to learn how to tie up the bushes correctly and form them into 1-2 stems. A garter is necessary so that the plant does not break under the influence of large fruits. They begin to tie up seedlings immediately after planting in open ground or a greenhouse. A wooden support and dense fabric bandages are used as the material to be tied. The bush is formed by removing all lateral shoots. They also pinch the upper ones: they are gaining active growth. Pinching increases the yield.

28. Time-tested method of growing pepper and tomato seedlings.

A unique way of growing cucumber seedlings from Oktyabrina Ganichkina and Lyubimaya DACHA magazine

We sow celery with Oktyabrina Ganichkina

We take care of tomatoes together with Oktyabrina Ganichkina

Conclusion

If you cultivate seedlings according to Ganichkina's method, you can really transform the garden plot. Her advice allows you to get a strong, well-formed and fruitful plant.

Tomato - culture of the nightshade family. In Russia, tomatoes have been known since the 18th century, but they were not eaten then, considering them poisonous. Fruits and flowers were admired and used as an ornamental plant. Only from the middle of the 19th century, the tomato began to be grown in vegetable gardens as a vegetable crop.

Tomatoes by type of growth are:

- determinant (undersized), plant height is 30–80 cm in open ground and up to 1 m in protected. The main stem stops growing after the formation of 3-5 flower-fruited clusters. Such varieties are distinguished by early maturity, but by a short ability to form inflorescences. They are grown in the open field, or in low film greenhouses, or in film shelters in the open field;

- semi-determinant (medium-sized) plants grow to a height of 100–120 cm outdoors and 150 cm in sheltered areas. On the main stem, from 6–8 to 10 racemes are formed, after which it finishes its growth. Varieties with such growth are well suited for film greenhouses with a height of 2.0–2.2 m;

- indeterminate (tall) plants, in open ground, reach a height of about 2 m, in protected their growth is limited by the height of the greenhouse. For example, up to a height of 2.5 m, you can pinch the top earlier, at a height of 2 m.

IN tomatoes contains vitamins C, B1, B2, B3, B6, PP, K, carotene, protein, sugars, mineral salts, malic and citric acids.

Plants tomato in different periods of growth and development make different demands on external conditions. They can grow and bear fruit with long and even continuous daylight hours. A short day is only required for the seedlings to regrow.

The most favorable temperature for the growth, development and fruiting of tomatoes is 22–25 ° C during the day and 16–18 ° C at night.

The need for water tomato quite high, moisture is especially necessary for plants during the formation of buds and ovaries. However, this culture does not tolerate soils with closely located groundwater. It does not tolerate high air humidity and prolonged rainy weather at all. Too humid air creates conditions for plant disease with brown spot and late blight, complicates fertilization.

Tomatoes can be grown on various soils, but it is preferable to do it on light loamy or sandy loamy, well-heated, with a high content of organic matter.

At a young age, plants need fertilizing with phosphorus fertilizers. During the period of flowering and fruit formation, the need for nitrogen increases, during the period of increased fruit growth - for potassium. Lack of calcium leads to plant disease with apical fruit rot. To avoid this, it is necessary to liming the soil (to a slightly acidic reaction) - this procedure is carried out in the fall for digging.

On soils poor in organic matter, the tomato may lack magnesium. Microelements - boron, manganese and iron have a positive effect on the development and fruiting of plants.

Growing tomato in film greenhouses

Thanks to film and glazed greenhouses, even without heating, you can get a guaranteed and earlier harvest of ripe fruits. tomato.

To get the harvest tomato, it is imperative to build a greenhouse, plant high-quality seedlings and strictly observe agricultural technology.

Tomato - a very thermophilic plant, and for normal development and growth in a greenhouse, a temperature of at least 22–26 ° C during the day and 18–20 ° C at night is required. At temperatures of 30 ° C and above, the pollen becomes sterile, the flowers fall off and do not form fruit. The tomato can withstand short-term temperature drops of 1-3 ° C, but at such a low temperature, it is necessary to insulate the plants inside the greenhouse.

Tomato very picky about lighting. With its lack, the seedlings are strongly stretched, they become light green, internodes increase, the first brush is laid later. Such seedlings take root worse and are more exposed to fungal diseases. Also, in low light in the greenhouse, for example, with a thickened planting, shade from trees, the number of leaves between inflorescences increases, fruits are almost not set.

The future harvest of tomatoes strongly depends on the humidity of the air and soil.... It is very important to protect tomatoes from late blight, in some years it can completely destroy the crop. It is necessary to carry out preventive treatments without waiting for the first signs of the disease to appear.

When growing in greenhouses, you need to monitor the humidity of the air (at high humidity, the fruits do not set). The optimum humidity is 60–70%. In film greenhouses, it often rises to 80-90%, this air humidity also affects the pollination of flowers, where the pollen becomes sticky, does not fall on the pistil, because of this, the flowers fall off without setting fruit. Also in film greenhouses, where high air humidity often rises, especially at night, tomato plants grow like in the jungle, so watering is carried out only in the morning.

Growing tomato seedlings

Seedlings grown indoors. It is preferable to buy seedlings from firms with protected ground. Try to get healthy, sturdy, seasoned seedlings that already have buds in the flower cluster - such seedlings will yield a good harvest.

However, most gardeners prefer to grow their own seedlings, so the first step is to purchase the seeds of the varieties and hybrids you like. In order to get high, stable yields of tomato annually, it is advisable to first experiment, growing different varieties for several years, and then choose 3-4 varieties from the tested, favorite varieties, both for protected and for open ground.

If sowing too early, the seedlings outgrow, stretch, and then do not take root well. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate the sowing time of the seeds.

The optimal age of seedlings for planting in protected ground is 50-60 days. This is the term for terminant tomatoes, and for indeterminate tomatoes we add about 5 days for germination and emergence. As a result, we get 65–70 days.

Next, we determine the landing time (it depends on the climatic conditions). The term for planting a tomato in an unheated film greenhouse is from about May 5th.

Knowing all the initial data, we calculate the exact time for sowing seeds. So, in central Russia (film greenhouse without heating), the seeds of indeterminate (high) hybrids must be sown from February 25-28 to March 10.

Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in a nutrient solution:

1. In 1 liter of water, dilute 2 g of the growth stimulator "Bud";

2. dilute 1 teaspoon of liquid fertilizer "Agricola Vegeta" in 1 liter of water;

3. 20 drops of liquid stimulant "Energen" are diluted in 1 liter of water;

4. In 1 liter of water, dilute 1 tbsp. spoon "Effekton".

Seeds in tissue bags are soaked in one of the solutions (the temperature of the solution is not lower than 20 ° C) for 24 hours. Then a wet cloth bag with seeds is placed in a plastic bag and placed in a refrigerator (but not in a freezer) for hardening for 1-2 days. Chilled seeds are immediately sown into the soil. As a result, they give quick, friendly shoots.

Soil mixtures for sowing seeds and growing seedlings. To prepare the soil mixture, take 1 part of peat, humus and sod land. Add 1 teaspoon of superphosphate, potassium sulfate, urea and 1 glass of wood ash to a bucket of the mixture. You can use "Exo" soil mixture - universal or specially for tomato. Soil mixtures of peat, humus and sod land must be heated in an oven at a temperature of 110–120 ° C for 20 minutes. To do this, the soil (always moistened) is poured onto a baking sheet with a layer of 3-5 cm.

It is advisable to take humus from a 3-5 year old heap, and sod land is harvested from a site where perennial grasses have grown for at least 5 years.

There are still several options for the soil mixture: 2 parts of peat and 1 part of sod land and river sand; 5 parts of humus, 3 parts of sod land and 1 part of old sawdust. You can take high-moor peat: add 2 tbsp for 1 bucket of these mixtures. tablespoons of dolomite flour or 1 glass of wood ash, as well as 1 teaspoon of urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and Agricola for tomato, pepper and eggplant. The selected soil mixture is well mixed with fertilizers. This is done in advance, a week before sowing. The soil should be slightly moist. On the day of sowing, it is poured into boxes, boxes, leveled, slightly compacted. Then shallow grooves are made with a depth of 0.5–1 cm every 5–6 cm. The grooves are watered with warm (35–40 ° C) solution of the growth stimulator "Bud" (1 g of the preparation per 1 liter of water) or any other solution for soaking seeds. Seeds are laid out in grooves at a distance of 1.5–2 cm from each other, but not more often, sprinkled with soil mixture, do not watered on top.

Boxes with seeded seeds (called sowing on a school, that is, thickened) seeds are placed in a warm (air temperature not lower than 24 ° C and not higher than 25 ° C), bright place. In order for shoots to appear faster (after 5-6 days), film caps are put on the boxes.

Immediately after the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed.

Tomato seedlings care. In the first 20 days after germination, the leaves grow slowly. In the next 15–20 days, growth becomes more noticeable.To prevent the seedlings from stretching, the lighting must be sufficient, it is important to monitor the temperature and harden. For 7 days after germination, the temperature is maintained at 16-18 ° C during the day and 13-15 ° C at night. Then it is increased to 18–20 ° C during the day and to 15–16 ° C at night. This regime is observed until the second and third true leaves appear on the sprout. This usually occurs 30–35 days after germination. During this time, the seedlings are watered and fed 3 times, which allows you to get strong seedlings even in low light periods (March).

The first time, if the soil is dry, water the seedlings that have appeared. The second time is watered in 1-2 weeks, combining watering with top dressing, in the phase of one true leaf. The last time it is watered 3 hours before the picking of the seedlings.

The water should be at room temperature (20 ° C) and must be settled or boiled. It is preferable to water young seedlings at the root so that water does not fall on the leaves and they do not rot.

The boxes or boxes must be turned daily with the other side to the window glass - this will prevent the seedlings from pulling to one side.

It is impossible to put boxes directly on the windowsill; it is better to use some kind of support so that air access to the root system is not limited. When the seedlings have 1 real leaf each, they make the first root feeding: in 1 liter of water, dilute 1 teaspoon of liquid fertilizer "Agricola Vegeta" and stimulator of root growth "Kornerost". This dressing enhances seedling development and strengthens the root system.

The second feeding is done when the third true leaf appears.: dilute 1 tbsp in 1 liter of water. spoon of the preparation "Effekton O". Watered with solutions very carefully so that the solution does not get on the leaves.

Seedlings with 2-3 true leaves dive into pots 10 x 10 or 12 x 12 cm in size. For this, the pots are filled with one of the soil mixtures recommended above and watered with a warm 22-24 ° C solution of the Energen growth stimulator: diluted in 5 liters of water 1 capsule. When picking seedlings, sick and weak plants are rejected.

If the seedlings are slightly elongated, then the stems, when diving into pots, can be buried in half, but not to the cotyledonous leaves.

After picking the seedlings into pots, the temperature is maintained at 20–22 ° C during the day and 16–18 ° C at night. As soon as the seedlings take root, the temperature is lowered to 18–20 ° C during the day and 15–16 ° C at night. Water the seedlings in pots once a week until the soil is completely wet. By the next watering, the soil should dry out a little, but at the same time it is necessary to ensure that there are no long breaks in watering.

12 days after the pick, the seedlings are fed: for 10 liters of water take 1 tbsp. spoon "Agricola for tomato, pepper and eggplant". Spend about 1 cup for 2 pots.

The second feeding is carried out after 10-12 days after the first feeding: dilute 1 tbsp for 10 liters of water. spoon of nitrophoska and 1 tbsp. tablespoons of Effekton O liquid organic fertilizer.

The third root dressing is carried out 10 days before planting the seedlings in a film greenhouse: for 10 liters of water, dilute 1 tbsp. spoon of growth stimulator "Kornerost", nitrophoska, consumption of 1 glass of solution for 1 plant.

In April, the seedlings are hardened, that is, the window is opened both during the day and at night. On warm days (from 12 ° C and above), the seedlings are taken out onto the balcony and opened for 2-3 hours for 2-3 days, and then taken out for the whole day, even left overnight, but they must be covered with a film on top. If the temperature drops (below 8 ° C), the seedlings must be brought indoors. Well seasoned seedlings have a bluish purple hue. During the hardening period, the soil must be watered, otherwise the plants will wilt.

Seedlings should be 15–35 cm high, have 8–12 well-developed leaves and well-formed inflorescences (one or two).

Often, gardeners buy seedlings on the market that are grown without following the rules of agricultural technology, that is, densely sown at a later date.The plants themselves will tell you this: they are pale green, with large internodes, thin, elongated and without flower buds. Such thin, loose, easily breaking seedlings always give a late and scanty harvest, as a rule, are affected by fungal diseases, especially late blight.

2-3 days before planting seedlings in a permanent place, it is recommended to cut off 2-3 lower true leaves. This is necessary to reduce the likelihood of disease, better ventilation, illumination, which, in turn, will contribute to the better development of the first flower cluster. Cut the leaves so that stumps remain 1.5–2 cm long, which will gradually dry out and fall off by themselves.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse in a permanent place and caring for it

Grown seedlings planted in a greenhouse on May 1-15... During this period, it is still cool, especially at night, therefore it is recommended to put arcs inside and throw in a dense non-woven covering material after planting.

In order to avoid diseases, it is not recommended to plant tomatoes in the same greenhouse for several years in a row. Usually they are alternated with cucumbers, that is, cucumbers are grown one season, the second - tomato... But recently, cucumbers and tomatoes have begun to suffer from the same fungal disease - anthracnose (root rot). Therefore, if tomatoes are still planned to be planted after cucumbers, then all the soil in the greenhouse must first be replaced, or at least its top layer by 10-12 cm. After that, the soil must be sprinkled with a hot (100 ° C) solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. Spoon 10 liters of water).

It is not recommended to grow tomatoes and cucumbers in the same greenhouse., since tomatoes require frequent ventilation, lower humidity and air temperature than cucumbers. If there is only one greenhouse, then in the middle it is partitioned off with a film and cucumbers are grown on one side, and tomatoes on the other.

The greenhouse is installed on the site so that it is fully illuminated by the sun's rays from morning to evening, even a slight shading by trees or shrubs entails a decrease in yield.

The ridges are made 5-7 days before planting the seedlings, placing them along the greenhouse. The number of beds and their width (usually 60–90 cm, at least 60–70 cm pass between the ridges) depend on the size of the greenhouse, they should not exceed 35–40 cm in height.

On a bed of loamy or clayey soil, add 1 bucket of peat, sawdust and humus per 1 m2. If the beds consist mainly of peat, then add 1 bucket of humus, sod land, sawdust or small shavings each. In addition, add 2 tbsp. tablespoons of superphosphate, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of potassium sulfate and dig up everything. Before planting seedlings, the garden bed is watered with a solution of the root growth stimulator "Kornerost" (2-3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) at a temperature of 30-40 ° C at the rate of 1.0-1.5 liters per hole or with a growth stimulator "Energen" (2 capsules for 10 liters of water). You can prepare a solution of two growth stimulants: dilute 2 capsules of "Energena" and 2 tbsp for 10 liters of water. spoons of "Kornerosta", spending 1 liter in each hole and 2-3 liters per 1 m2 of the surface of the garden.

This solution will be most effective for the further growth and development of seedlings. 1 liter of solution is poured into the hole and the entire garden must be watered at the rate of 2-3 liters per 1 m2.

Non-sprouted seedlings 25-30 cm high are planted vertically, covered with soil mixture a little 8-10 cm higher.

Hybrids and varieties of tall tomatoes are planted in the middle of the garden in one row or staggered after 50-60 cm from each other. If the distance between plants is 80–90 cm instead of 50–60 cm at the norm, then with such a rare planting, the yield is reduced by almost half. In addition, a free plant in the garden branches strongly, gives many stepchildren, forms many flower brushes, and therefore the ripening of fruits is delayed. After planting, the plant is not watered for 12-15 days so that they do not stretch out. 10-12 days after planting, the tomato plants are tied to a wire stretched at a height of about 2 m along the rows marked for planting seedlings.It is installed before planting seedlings so as not to injure the plants.

3-4 days after planting, the plants are tied to the trellis with twine... Tied to the upper wire with a sliding loop with a small margin (this allows the tomatoes to be lowered, if necessary).

A twine is tied to the plant under a 1–2 m leaf in a free loop, without knots (you need to remember that then the stem will grow and thicken). Then the plant is carefully wrapped around the twine, being careful not to crush the leaves and inflorescences.

In the future, twist (in the same direction!) About once a week. At the same time, make sure that the twine is not pulled too tight.

Tomato formation

Indeterminate and semi-determinant hybrids are grown in 1 or 2 stems... When forming in 1 stem, all side stepchildren are removed, leaving only the main shoot. If in 2 stems, then one strongest stepson is left as the second.

It, like the main stem, is tied to a trellis, removing all lateral shoots (when forming in 2 stems, tomatoes are planted less often, since in the future two are obtained from one plant).

By cultivating determinant varieties in low film shelters, they are more often formed in 2 stems... If grown in high greenhouses, then they form medium-sized (determinant) tomatoes in one stem, when pinching, the upper strong stepson is left all the time, which serves as a continuation escape in the future. Then, from this stepson above, a stepson appears again, he is again a continuation for growth. It is twisted around the twine. Thus, the plant seems to grow upward due to the upper stepson. You need to carefully monitor the tomatoes, all the time leave a backup stepson at the top of the plant.

By the time the fruits are poured on the first brush, the lower leaves begin to turn yellow, they are periodically cut off. The lower leaves must be removed before the inflorescence, on which the fruits begin to ripen.

30-40 days before the end of cultivation, the main stem is pinched (otherwise the fruits in the upper part of the plant will not have time to ripen).

Side stepchildren remove 5-7 cm long - when outgrowing, they shade the plants and waste its strength.

It is better to remove stepsons in the morning, when they break off easily. In order to avoid infection with viral diseases, the stepsons do not cut off, but break off, directing them to the side so that the plant sap does not get on the fingers, since you can transfer the infection from a sick plant to a healthy one with your hands. The columns from the stepsons are left 2-3 cm high.

Care and feeding

Pollinate flowers during the day in warm sunny weather, slightly shaking the flower brushes. In order for the pollen to settle on the stigma of the pistil, it is necessary to spray the flowers with a fine spray of water immediately after shaking. Two hours after watering, the air humidity is reduced by opening the window and the door. Airing is mandatory, especially in the tomato flowering phase. In addition to the side vents, the upper vents should also be open so that there is no condensation (water drops) on the film. Waterlogged soil reduces the content of dry matter and sugar in tomato fruits, they become acidic and watery. Therefore, it is necessary to provide such watering, which will allow you to get a bountiful harvest of high-quality fruits.

Before flowering, plants are watered after 5-6 days at the rate of 8-10 liters per 1 m2, during flowering before fruit formation - 12-15 liters per 1 m2, moistening the soil to a depth of 18-22 cm. The water temperature should be 20-22 ° C.

In plastic greenhouses, watering should be carried out only in the morning and only with warm water (at least 20 ° C). Do this carefully, trying not to wet the leaves. Then the greenhouse must be ventilated. After about one day, as the top layer dries up a little, shallow loosening so that a crust does not form. When watering in the evening, excess moisture is created, which contributes to the formation of condensation and the deposition of water droplets at night on plants, which is especially dangerous for them at low night temperatures.

During the growing season, it is necessary to make 4–5 root dressings.

First feeding spend 20 days after planting seedlings in a permanent place: dilute 2 tbsp in 10 liters of water. spoons of organic fertilizers "Agricola Vegeta" and 1 tbsp. spoon nitrophoska 1 liter per plant.

Second feeding spend 10-12 days after the first: in 10 liters of water, dilute 2 tbsp. spoons of organic fertilizer "Effekton O", 1 tbsp. a spoonful of granular fertilizer "Agricola for tomato, pepper and eggplant", stir everything thoroughly, the consumption of the working solution is 5 liters per 1 m2.

Third feeding spend 15 days after the second: dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. a spoonful of mineral fertilizer superphosphate and 2 tbsp. spoons of liquid fertilizer "Agricola Forward".

Fourth feeding do 12 days after the third: in 10 liters of water, dilute 1 tbsp. spoon of superphosphate, potassium sulfate or 50 g of granular fertilizer "Agricola for tomato, pepper and eggplant", stir everything, solution consumption - 3-4 liters per 1 m2.

Fifth feeding (final) do 2 weeks after the fourth: in 10 liters of water, dilute 2 tbsp. tablespoons of Effekton O organic fertilizer, solution consumption - 5-6 liters per 1 m2.

During the growing season, foliar dressing is done:

1. With a solution of the preparation "Bud" before flowering and during flowering: 10 g per 10 liters of water.

2. With a solution of the drug "Lignohumate" when setting fruits: 3 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water.

3. With a solution of growth stimulant "Energen" during fruit setting: 1 capsule per 5 liters of water and repeat 2-3 times with an interval of 6-7 days.

4. With a solution of "Agricola Aqua" (from yellowing of leaves): 2 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water.

5. With a solution of "Agricola Vegeta" to accelerate the ripening of fruits: 3 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water.

When gardeners are very busy, they can replace liquid fertilizing with fertilizer "Agricola sticks". It is unique and long lasting. Plants assimilate nutrients within a month. The sticks contain a full range of trace elements. "Agricola sticks" not only feeds, but also counteracts the development of root rot, it is especially good to use these sticks if the tomatoes are planted after a cucumber (which often get sick with root rot). When inserting the sticks, see the instructions.

Often, when growing tomatoes in film, unheated greenhouses, plants are affected by fungal diseases, such as late blight, septoria, brown spot... But of the listed diseases late blight is dangerous (brown fruit rot or late fruit rot). Signs of late blight disease are brown spots on the upper side of the leaves and a whitish bloom on the lower, dark brown stripes on the stems and petioles, and oily concentric tomato spots on the fruits.

The increased development of this disease is facilitated by high air humidity (80–90%) and the presence of water droplets on the leaves with a large condensation on the film. Therefore, watering is recommended in the morning or before lunch. When watering, you need to be very careful, trying not to direct the stream of water to the plants; regular ventilation is necessary. In addition to agrotechnical methods of control, chemical methods can be used. To do this, you can use the drugs "Ridomil Gold MC", "Quadris".

When applying pesticides, you need to remember the waiting times (the period from processing to harvest) for each drug.

Growing tomatoes in the open field

Sowing and caring for seedlings

The seeds of tomato varieties intended for cultivation in the open field are sown directly into nutrient pots, that is, without picking. This is explained by the fact that usually for sowing seeds of open ground varieties and folk selection are used, which are not sufficiently resistant to viral diseases, especially to the tobacco mosaic virus. When transplanted into separate pots, seedlings often break off small roots, and infection can penetrate into the wounds of healthy plants.

Sowing seeds is carried out from March 25 to April 10 in 10 x 10 cm cups or pots.They are filled with the soil mixture recommended above and watered with a warm (35–40 ° C) solution of the Kornerost growth stimulator: 2 tablets or 2 capsules are diluted in 10 liters of water. Then, in each cup in the center, two holes are made 1 cm deep, 1 seed is placed in each and covered with a soil mixture. Such sowing without picking is carried out only for low-growing varieties for open ground in order to protect seedlings from viral diseases.

The seed pots are placed in a box, covered with a covering non-woven material, placed in a warm (22–25 ° C), bright place and carefully monitor the seedlings, which should appear in 5–7 days. As soon as the seedlings appear, the pots are moved one by one to a bright sunny windowsill with a temperature of 14-16 ° C during the day. When lowering the temperature (opening the vents and window frames for ventilation), it is necessary to ensure that the seedlings do not end up in a draft. This cool daytime setting will prevent the seedlings from pulling out and help better root development. Then the temperature is gradually increased: during the day - up to 18-22 ° C, and at night - up to 15-17 ° C. 5-6 days after the emergence of shoots, the weaker plant is removed from the pot, and the strong one is left.

Seedling care - an extremely crucial moment. Before planting on the garden bed, the seedlings grow for 50–55 days. Water it sparingly, at the beginning of growth, once a week, 0.5 cups per plant, and then if the soil dries up. When 3-5 true leaves are formed, 1 glass of water is consumed for each plant.

The seedlings are fed every 10–12 days.

First time - 12 days after germination - with a solution of liquid organic fertilizer "Agricola Vegeta" (1 tbsp. Spoon is diluted in 3 liters of water), spending 0.5 cups per plant.

Second time the plants are fed 10 days after the first feeding with the liquid growth stimulant "Energen": 5-6 drops are diluted in 3 liters of water, spending 0.5 cups of solution per plant.

Third feeding (last) spend a week before planting seedlings in open ground: dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. spoon of granulated "Agricola for tomato, pepper and eggplant" and liquid fertilizer "Effekton O". Stir everything well and water the seedlings until they are completely wet.

Necessary constantly harden seedlings at a low temperature... Starting in April, seedlings can be taken out on a balcony, veranda, or left near open windows if the air temperature is at least 10 ° C. For three days, hardening is carried out in the shade, since it is necessary to gradually accustom the plant to full outdoor lighting. If the seedlings are exposed to the open air in sunny weather, burns may occur from direct sunlight. In the future, the seedlings are not shaded.

During hardening of seedlings keep the potting soil moist, and not dry, otherwise wilting and yellowing of the leaves is possible.

By the time of planting on beds in open ground, the plants should be strong, not elongated, with 9-12 leaves.

Planting seedlings in open ground in a permanent place

In the open field, a sunny place, protected from cold winds, is allocated for planting tomatoes. Unsuitable for tomatoes are low, damp areas with a close standing of groundwater, which create unfavorable conditions for the root system of plants.

The best predecessors for tomatoes are legumes, root vegetables, greens.

To avoid late blight infection, you cannot plant tomatoes after or next to potatoes.

Preferred soils are loamy with the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers.

Ridges for tomatoes are prepared 5-6 days before planting... Before digging up the soil, it must be treated with a hot (70–80 ° C) solution of copper sulfate or copper oxychloride. In 10 liters of water, dilute 1 tbsp. a spoonful of this or that drug. Solution consumption - up to 1–1.5 l per 1 m2.

After that, organic and mineral fertilizers are poured onto clay and loamy soils - 3-4 kg of manure humus, peat and old sawdust, 1 tbsp.spoon of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 1 glass of wood ash per 1 m2. Then the bed is dug to a depth of 25-30 cm, leveled and holes are made. Water them before planting seedlings with a solution of the root growth stimulator "Kornerost" (3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) at the rate of up to 1 liter per well.

Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in the first, second and third decades of May, early planting is carried out by gardeners if they live in a summer cottage and, in case of frost, can additionally cover the plants. Landing is carried out in cloudy weather in the morning, in sunny weather in the afternoon.

At the time of planting, the seedlings should be fresh, even a slight wilting of plants retards their growth, leads to partial dropping of the first flowers and the loss of an early harvest.

Seedlings are planted vertically, deepening the stem to 8-10 cm... Seedlings are planted in 2 rows. For medium-sized varieties with a height of 60-70 cm, the row spacing should be 50 cm wide, and the distance in rows between plants should be 40-45 cm, the distance in a row between plants should be 30 cm. plants, but the greatest effect is achieved when the plant is tied to arcs and to a stretched wire with the help of synthetic twine at a height of 1–1.2 m. As a result, the plant is better illuminated, ventilated and sick less. Until the plants take root, they are watered within 10 days after planting.

After planting the seedlings, the bed is covered with a transparent film and left until the onset of warm weather (until June 5-10). Then the film is not removed, but many holes with a diameter of 3-5 cm are made in it and left for the whole summer or the film along the length of the bed is rolled onto a rail and an open hole (window) up to 50 cm is left. You can lower the film at night. As a result, an early harvest is obtained, and the plants are relieved of late blight infection.

If slight frosts are expected at the beginning of summer, tomato plants need, in addition to plastic wrap, additional shelter, especially at night.

Formation of tomato plants

The plants are shaped so that they can give 4-5 fruit clusters... When the plants form into one stem, all lateral shoots (stepchildren) formed in the axil of each leaf are removed on the main stem, and 4–5 fruit clusters are left on the main shoot. A pinch is made over the last (upper) flower brush, leaving 2-3 leaves above it.

With a two-stemmed form, a stepson is left growing under the first flower brush... At the same time, 3 fruit brushes are left on the main stem and pinch the top, leaving 3 leaves, and 2 fruit brushes are left on the stepson and also pinch, leaving 2-3 leaves.

When forming a three-stemmed form, 2 fruit brushes are left on the main stem... On the two lower stepchildren, 2 fruit brushes are also left and pinched so that there are 2-3 leaves above the upper fruit brushes.

In pinched and pinched plants, nutrients go to the formation and filling of fruits, which is why their size increases and ripening occurs earlier. A formed bush should have at least 30–35 leaves and 4–5 fruit clusters.

To create better lighting conditions, the plants are tied to stakes or to a wire stretched along the rows. Stakes are placed on the north side at a distance of 7-10 cm from the stem. Plants are attached to the stakes in 3 steps: 1 - immediately after planting, tying the stems with a soft cord with a figure of eight near the first leaf; 2 and 3 - as it grows above the second and third hand.

Caring for tomatoes in the beds

The first root dressing is done after 3 weeks. after planting: dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. spoon of liquid fertilizer "Universal Rossa" and 2 tbsp. spoons of the root growth stimulator "Kornerost", consumption of 0.5 liters of solution for each plant.

At the beginning of the blooming of the second flower brush, a second root dressing is carried out : dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. spoon "Agricola Vegeta", 1 tbsp. a spoonful of superphosphate and 1 teaspoon of potassium sulfate or 10 liters of water take 1 tbsp.spoon of liquid organic fertilizer "Effekton O" and "Agricola for tomato, pepper and eggplant", consumption - 1 liter of solution per plant.

The third root dressing is carried out during the blooming period of the third flower cluster: in 10 liters of water, dilute 1 tbsp. spoon of liquid organic fertilizer "Agricola Vegeta", nitrophoska, consumption - 5 liters per 1 m2.

The fourth feeding is carried out 12 days after the third: in 10 liters of water, dilute 2 tbsp. tablespoons of superphosphate (solution consumption - 5-6 liters per 1 m2).

Sometimes the composition of top dressing depends not only on the phase of plant development, but also on the weather: in cloudy weather, you can add 1 teaspoon to the potassium sulfate feeding, and in sunny weather, add 1 teaspoon of urea fertilizer.

Foliar dressing is carried out not only for slightly leafy and lagging plants, but also for healthy plants.

The best temperature for normal growth and fruiting of tomatoes is 20–25 ° C during the day and 18–20 ° C at night.

Plants are watered abundantly: in sunny weather after 6-7 days, in cloudy - after 7-8 days at the rate of 10-20 liters per 1 m2, depending on the air temperature. After watering, the bed is sprinkled with sifted peat or compost with a layer of 1–2 cm. This does not form a crust on top, moisture remains in the soil and evaporation does not occur, which is harmful to the plant, especially in the flowering phase. Excess moisture with a lack of heat leads to the death of the root system. Therefore, in wet rainy weather, they feed the Kornerost root growth stimulant: 3 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water, solution consumption - 3-4 liters per 1 m2. By doing this, we save the root system.

Harvesting and storage of crops

July and August are ripe and harvest time... In caring for tomatoes, the main thing is to accelerate the ripening of the set fruits and protect them from decay. It is necessary to continue to remove the newly appearing stepchildren, excess leaves, pinch the tops of all fruit-bearing bushes, remove the flower brushes, on which the fruits will no longer have time to form. In low-growing varieties, the fruits should be turned towards the sun. It is also not bad during this period (from August 15), in addition to all the basic dressings, additionally feed the tomatoes with the following solution: in 10 liters of water, dilute 1 teaspoon of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate or 2 tbsp. tablespoons of nitrophoska, consume 0.5 liters of solution per plant.

The period from setting to reddening of fruits in early maturing varieties lasts 40–45 days... If overripe fruits are left on the plants, then the total yield decreases, and vice versa, if unripe (brown) fruits are regularly harvested, then the total yield increases slightly. Red fruits can be stored at a temperature of 5-10 ° C for 40-50 days, while the air humidity should be at least 80%.

Most it is advisable to remove all formed fruits from the brown bushes, that is, starting to blush, and lay them on maturity. This simple technique speeds up the filling of the green fruits remaining on the bush. Before laying for ripening, the fruits must be warmed up in order to protect them from blackening. This is done as follows: first, the tomatoes are dipped in hot water (60–65 ° C) for 2 minutes, then in cold water, then wiped with a soft cloth, then placed in small boxes in 2-3 layers, removing the stalks. Processing is carried out indoors at a temperature of 18–20 ° C. To speed up the ripening process, some red tomatoes are added to the boxes, which release ethylene gas during storage.

In the light, ripening tomatoes acquire a more intense color than in the dark. Place boxes on top of cabinets, walls.

Growing cherry tomatoes in film greenhouses

Miniature tomatoes are becoming more and more popular, as they are perfectly adapted for fresh consumption. And their taste, as a rule, is much higher than that of large-fruited varieties.

To the group cherry tomatoes include varieties and hybrids with fruits weighing 15-30 g... Although their fruits are very small, they are the sweetest, tastier than all the others. The sugar content in them is 2–3 times higher than that of ordinary varieties.Especially sweet hybrids of the series "Kishmish". It is enough to plant a C grade of plants, and the whole family will be provided with delicious fruits until autumn.

Every year, cherry tomatoes are becoming more and more popular and beloved among gardeners. Cherry is loved to be eaten fresh, as well as for preparing various salads and for canning; it is very beautiful when fruits of different colors are added to one jar.

The sweetest tomatoes: Honey Drop, Yellow Date, Red Kishmish.

Agrotechnology for growing cherry tomatoes does not differ from ordinary tomatoes., these fruits can be grown both in the open field and in greenhouses (film and glass), with and without heating. Almost all the best varieties and hybrids of cherry are indeterminate, that is, tall, but can be determinant (short), semi-determinant (medium-sized).

Most gardeners only have unheated plastic greenhouses. However, you can get a good harvest in them. cherry... For that in order to plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse at the end of May, the seeds must be sown from April 5.

Their varieties can be grown both in greenhouses and in open ground under a temporary cover with a film.

The technology of growing and planting seedlings, planting schemes, plant care are almost the same with ordinary large-fruited tomatoes... Indeterminate varieties form in 1–2 stems, determinant ones are better to lead in 2 stems, transferring the growth point to the lateral stepson. To prevent cracking of the fruit, it is necessary to maintain an even soil moisture.

When growing cherry tall and medium-sized hybrids, it is imperative to tie up... Even undersized varieties must be tied up, otherwise the fruits from the first brush come into contact with the soil and become polluted.

Harvesting cherry begins from the moment the first fruits ripen, and then it is carried out periodically 1-2 times a week until the end of the growing season. You need to know that if you remove not quite ripe fruits, then even in the most delicious varieties they will not be sweet enough, so it is better to collect fruits that have acquired a characteristic color. If you are late with cleaning, they begin to crack and crumble; in order to avoid cracking of fully ripe, already harvested fruits, they must be carefully plucked and put into containers.

Often, when growing tomatoes in film greenhouses, plants are affected by various diseases, such as macrosporiosis, brown leaf spot. One of the most dangerous diseases is late blight (brown rot of fruits). Signs of this fungal disease are brown spots on the upper side of the leaves, dark brown stripes on the stems and petioles, and brown oily spots on the fruits. The increased development of this disease is facilitated by the high relative humidity of the air (80–90%) and the presence of water droplets on the leaves. Therefore, watering is recommended in the first half of the day, trying not to get on the plant during watering, regular ventilation, opening of vents and doors is necessary.

Varieties

Characteristics of large-fruited tomatoes

Russian hero - mid-early (100-115 days) grade. Fruits are round, large, juicy, weighing 150-200 g each. Good taste. Resistant to some diseases such as mosaic, alternaria. For fresh consumption and processing.

Pink giant - a popular large-fruited medium early (120 days) variety for film greenhouses and open ground. Fruits are raspberry pink, very appetizing and tasty, large, fleshy, weighing 300-400 g (individual up to 700 g).

Lemon giant - mid-season salad grade. Plant height - 130–150 cm. The first brush is laid above the 7–8 m leaf, the next ones - after 2–3 leaves. The fruits are very large, weighing up to 800-900 g, the pulp of the fruit is very tender, tasty, the salad of these fruits is a pleasure.

Bull heart - mid-late variety for film greenhouses and open ground. The main stem has 4–5 clusters with 2–5 fruits each. Fruits are pink-red, fleshy, large, weighing 500-800 g. Salad destination.The taste is excellent.

Paradisaic delight - large fruits of great taste. For open ground and for film greenhouses. Mid-season variety. The period from germination to the beginning of fruiting is 100–110 days. The plant is tall, indeterminate. The color of an unripe fruit is green, with a dark green spot at the stalk, while a mature fruit is red. Weight - 400-500 g. The variety is resistant to diseases.

Giant red - mid-season. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, with an amazing taste. With proper care and rationing of the amount of ovary in the brush, fruits weighing up to 1 kg can be grown.

Pink Elephant - for open ground and film shelters. Early ripe variety. The period from germination to the beginning of ripening is 100-115 days. The plant is medium-sized. The color is pink. Weight - 250-280 g. Universal use. Great taste.

Sugar giant - late-ripening variety for film greenhouses and open ground. Fruits are cuboid, weighing 600 g, intense red-pink color. The pulp is juicy, tender, tasty. Good for making delicious gourmet salads.

Tomato varieties for canning

Caspar - the best hybrid for canning in its own juice. Very fertile. For open ground and plastic greenhouses. Early maturing determinant hybrid. The period from germination to the beginning of ripening is 115–120 days. The fruits are long,

pepper-shaped, dense, fleshy, red. Fruit weight - 100–125 g. Differs in resistance to cracking, simultaneous ripening and excellent fruit consistency. Resistant to fusarium and verticillary wilting.

Sowing - March 20-30. Planting seedlings - May 10–20. Harvesting - July 15 - August 20. Planting pattern - 70 x 60 cm.

Shuttle - early maturing, cold-resistant variety. From germination to ripening - 85-110 days. Standard bush, 40–45 cm high. In a bunch there are 5–6 fruits weighing 50–60 g each. The fruit is oblong oval, smooth, red with a spout. Keeping quality is good. Recommended for fresh consumption, salting. Differs in amicable ripening of fruits.

Open ground varieties

Boney M - ultra fast variety for outdoor cultivation. The plant is undersized (50 cm). Sowing seeds is carried out from April 1. Fruits weighing 70 g. Because of early ripening, the fruits do not have time to be affected by late blight.

Betta- ultra-early maturing, like Boney M.

Gina- an early, high-yielding variety. The largest of all varieties intended for planting in open ground. The fruits are very tasty, fleshy, aromatic, weighing up to 300 g.

Protected ground varieties

Variety or hybrid? Better to give preference to hybrids... Unlike varieties, they have many necessary positive qualities specifically for greenhouses: resistance to low light, good fruit setting in unfavorable conditions, resistance to cracking of fruits during temperature and humidity changes, etc. Hybrids are suitable for film shelters up to 1 m in height: Market King, Millennium... With a greenhouse height of about 2 m, semi-determinant hybrids are suitable Nocturne, Eupator, Sonata, Intuition , indeterminate Overture, Rhapsody, Etude, Semko 99, Funtik as well as new hybrids with pink fruits Market King VIII and Rosemary  .

Eupator- mid-early high-yielding hybrid. The plant is tall, formed into one stem, all stepchildren are removed. The inflorescence is simple, it is laid above the 6–7 m leaf, the subsequent ones - after 2–3 leaves. Fruits are flat-round, weighing 130–150 g, of uniform bright red color. It is appreciated for getting an early and harmonious harvest. The yield of one plant is 5–6 kg. The hybrid is resistant to late blight and other diseases.

Martha- a powerful indeterminate hybrid of early ripening with a developed root system. Formation is very good even at low temperatures. The average fruit weight is 140–150 g. Fruits combine excellent taste with high density and keeping quality. Resistant to most pathogens, reliable hybrid under various growing conditions.

Intuition- a high-yielding hybrid, early maturing. Fruiting begins 90–93 days after germination. The first inflorescence is laid above the 6–7 m leaf, the subsequent ones - after 1–2 leaves. There are 6-8 fruits in the inflorescence. Fruits are rounded, of uniform bright red color, weighing 100 g.

Rosemary- an early, medium-tall, high-yielding hybrid. Fruits are dense, bright pink, large, weighing up to 400-500 g. Very tasty, tender, fleshy. Grown in greenhouses.

Semko 99 - medium early. From full germination to the beginning of fruiting - 100-105 days. The plant is determinant. The first inflorescence is laid above the 7–8 m leaf, the subsequent ones - after 1–2 leaves. The fruit is roundly flat, with a slight depression at the base, large, red, weighing 160–170 g, smooth, sometimes slightly ribbed. The fruits are resistant to cracking and tolerate transportation well. Productivity - 15 kg / m2.

Funtik- mid-ripening (115–120 days), plant 1.8–2.0 m high. Form into one stem with obligatory pinching. Fruits are round flat, red, up to 400 g, juicy, fleshy. Productivity - 19-21 kg / m2. Disease resistant.

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