What grapes can be grown in the Leningrad region?

Many gardeners do not plant grape bushes on their backyards, as they think that growing this crop in the Leningrad Region is a rather laborious process. This judgment can hardly be called true. If you choose the right grape varieties, carry out the correct planting of shrubs, provide the culture with proper care, then the process will be simple, and the harvest will be excellent.

The value of grapes

Grape fruits contain numerous vitamins and valuable nutrients that the human body needs. It was this berry that was noted by the ancient Slavs as the berry of life, well-being in the family and prosperity. Processed grape juice and pulp are used in the medical field of activity and in pharmacology.

The shrub is classified as a heat-loving culture, so it is often grown in southern latitudes. But thanks to the development of science, breeders have received special grape varieties, which can be grown in the Leningrad region, and it is really possible to plant shrubs both in open ground and in greenhouses.

What are the requirements to consider when planting a shrub

You can get a good harvest of grapes from your own personal plot in the Leningrad Region if you adhere to the basic planting requirements:

1. Plant a crop in fertile soil.
2. Choose the most optimal landing site.
3. Purchase suitable crop varieties.
4. Take proper care of the seedlings.

If all the requirements are taken into account, both novice gardeners and experienced gardeners will be able to get a good harvest of tasty, vitamin berries.

How to properly prepare the soil for planting

The grapes are not too whimsical to the quality of the planting land, but this culture will not grow well and yield a harvest if you choose clay soil. Growing grapes is best done in fertile black soil, to which small amounts of sand will be added. If the soil contains a lot of clay, then before planting the shrub, additional components in the form of sand and fertile soil should be introduced into the ground, supplementing the mixture with a drainage base.

In the sandy soil, you need to add organic fertilizers in the form of rotted house manure, reduce the acidity of the soil with ordinary lime.

Growing grapes will be successful if the planting site is selected on a hill. In such an area, the accumulation of a large amount of moisture is excluded, which can destroy the root system of plants.

Planting culture

Before planting a young shrub, you should carefully choose a planting site. The best place for growing is considered to be the southern part of the site, which is protected by a structure on one side.In such a place, young plantings will take root perfectly, they will receive the necessary heat and sunlight throughout the summer. Thus, by the cold season, the shrub will be able to get stronger, its root system will be well strengthened.

See also: How to spray grapes before budding

If there is no free space on the south side, then you need to make the landing hole in a deeper version, that is, dig it about 15-20 centimeters deeper. The most important thing when planting is to be able to preserve the root system of the grapes, this is the only way a new green plantation can survive and begin to develop.

What varieties are best to choose for planting in the Leningrad region

Currently, the consumer is able to choose from a variety of grape varieties that can be grown in the Leningrad Region. In this case, the following indicators should be taken into account:

• ripening period of berries;
• sufficient frost resistance of plantings;
• features of care.

The ripening period of the fruits should occur when the region will have the warmest and not rainy weather. And sufficient frost resistance will help the shrubs to winter safely, in the spring it is good to grow.

The most popular varieties are the following:

1. Amursky.
2. Muscat.
3. Zilga.
4. Aglaya.

If the cultivation of grapes will take place in a greenhouse, then you should opt for varieties:

• Laura;
• Kishmish;
• Arcadia.

Experienced gardeners recommend that the vineyard be protected from frost and winds, regardless of the selected varieties for planting. It is quite simple to hold such an event, for this the vine of the bush is simply lowered to the ground and pressed with a small support. A burlap-shaped shelter should be placed on top of the vine, and as soon as the first snow falls, it should be covered with snow. So that the vine does not begin to ripple as soon as the snow melts, it is necessary to immediately remove the shelter. In case of promised frosts, it is recommended to treat the plantings with special preparations, for example, EcoFus or Epin.

How to properly plant young cuttings

Growing grapes is mainly about growing cuttings. After the small twigs of the shrub give leaves and their root system gets stronger, you can independently plant the planting material in the ground. However, you can get a good harvest of berries if the cultivation of plantings and care takes place in stages:

• the landing hole should be 75-80 centimeters in both length and width;
• it is imperative to lay a drainage layer on the bottom of the recess; ordinary crushed stone or crushed brick can be used as drainage;
• the drainage is covered with earth, rotted manure, organic and potash fertilizers are added to it. Everything is thoroughly watered with settled water;
• as soon as the water is saturated, a recess is made in the center of the planting hole, into which the root system of the cutting is neatly placed;
• the top layer of soil is compacted, a small support is installed for planting. As a support, you can use a metal product in the form of reinforcement or wire;
• growing will not be effective if cuttings are planted too close to each other, so a distance of about one meter should be maintained between the planting holes.

Cuttings are best planted in open ground in spring, when the soil warms up enough, if this event is carried out in the fall, then the plants must be protected from frost and winds, and the shelter will need to be made strong and reliable.

Additional recommendations

Cultivation of a culture in the Leningrad region, as you can see, is not such a difficult process, however, after planting, you need to take care of the grapes further:

• control soil moisture throughout the summer period. Do not water the grapes often, especially if the weather is humid.It will be enough for a shrub to receive abundant watering 4-5 times for the entire period of development and ripening;
• with the onset of autumn, you need to cut off excess shoots so that no more than four, but the strongest branches remain on the bush. On adult plants, pruning should be carried out regularly so that the bush does not have damaged and old shoots;
• in summer, weed should be eliminated, the topsoil should be constantly loosened. If during processing you notice bare roots, they must be covered with soil so as not to allow the root system to dry out from the heat. The cultivation of a vineyard will be much more effective if the necessary fertilizers and trace elements are introduced under the shrub.

Taking into account all the recommendations provided in this article, everyone can independently plant, grow and get an excellent harvest of a valuable berry, which is called grapes.

Today it has become possible to grow grapes in the Leningrad Region, and caring for the plant is not particularly difficult. Gardeners are quite successful in growing this thermophilic crop not only in greenhouses, but also in the open field. The main thing is to choose the right grape varieties and provide proper care.

The best varieties for open ground

Amurskiy

Not all grapes can be grown outdoors in the Leningrad Region. First of all, the varieties must be frost-resistant, with a very early and early ripening period. Thus, the grapes should be ripe by mid-August. Even a cool summer will not be a hindrance to early and very early varieties. If we compare ripening in the greenhouse and in the open field, then in the greenhouse the fruits will mature twenty days earlier.

The main feature of Amursky grapes is resistance to frost and fungal diseases. Outwardly, this variety resembles a wild liana, on which there are weighty bunches. He is not afraid of transplants and easily adapts to different conditions. Amur grapes are often compared to wild grapes. In autumn, its fiery red foliage adorns the area, and at the moment of ripening, you can enjoy the excellent sweet taste of the berries.

Muscat

This variety belongs to the technical table, it can be eaten and made excellent wines from it. The bunches are approximately 10 cm long and 8 cm wide with a yellow-golden hue, round fruits with thin skin and juicy flesh with a great nutmeg aroma.

The seedlings have unique properties: they are resistant to diseases, severe winters, and have good adaptive properties. The variety has a high stable yield, long-term storage of fruits on the shoots, which allows it to have a good presentation during transportation. Shoots develop well, ripening up to 90%.

Zilga

It is a versatile early ripening variety. Large oval blue fruits can be eaten at the end of July - beginning of August. The bunches are cylindrical and dense in structure. A feature of Zilga grapes is the ability to maintain excellent taste and presentation, even when the bunches remain on the bushes for a long time.

This variety is frost-resistant and can be grown without the use of shelters, resistant to lesions by gray mold and oidium. The variety is planted in spring or autumn. Seedlings are undemanding to the composition of the soil. The grapes have great vigor of growth, therefore they need support.

Aglaya

The grapes have dense clusters weighing up to 400 g. Berries are medium-sized, green in color, have an exquisite taste. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and easy to care for.

The best varieties for a greenhouse

Laura

The grape is a table variety and has a slightly sugary taste with a hint of nutmeg. In fact, the official name of the grape is "Flora" and it differs in that the fruits are well preserved both on the bushes and after harvest, due to the very strong fastening of the berries to the stalk. Outwardly, the grapes look great: huge clusters weighing a kilogram, ripe light oval berries.The fruits have a dense, juicy and sweet pulp.

Grapes grow in 120 days. The variety is high-yielding - up to 40 kg can be harvested from one bush. The variety is unpretentious, and despite the fact that it loves a warm climate, it tolerates cold weather very well. The main problem, which he cannot cope with on his own, is oidium, therefore one of the necessary measures is treatment with special chemicals.

Kishmish

The Kishmish grape is seedless. He is good at making raisins. One of the best varieties - "Radiant", which is considered a masterpiece among raisins, outshines all seedless varieties in beauty and taste. Feels great in greenhouse conditions, just do not forget to spray.

Arcadia

Arcadia is a variety that is resistant to low temperatures and has excellent fruit quality and disease resistance. Early variety. The berries are amber or white in color and have a fairly simple taste with a slight nutmeg aroma. The grapes are able to withstand frost down to -26 ° C under a film. The variety has a high yield.

Landing rules

We already know the best varieties. Now we will figure out how to grow grapes correctly so that it gives a constant and bountiful harvest. For one bush, you need an area of ​​two meters in length and half a meter in width. It is necessary to plant grapes on a hill in a sunny place. For example, choose an area near the wall so that it, having warmed up during the day, can transfer its heat to the bush at night.

If the groundwater is close to the surface, it is better to "raise" the site. Just do not dig to the clay layer, otherwise the seedlings may die. The area where grapes are planned to be planted must first be fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizers. Another important point: grapes do not like acidic soil.

Given the peculiarity of the soil in the Leningrad Region, a little lime must be added to the planting pit.

Features of growing and care

Pruning and reproduction

If you decide to grow grapes in the Leningrad region, then planting and care require certain skills. The planted bushes will bear the first fruits only after four years. The grower will have to take care of growing the vine.

In the northern regions, even non-covering varieties will have to be covered with special material at the beginning of May, since they need 3-4 months to ripen, and in the Leningrad region there are no frosts for only 2.5 months. Pruning of bushes is carried out annually: in the fall, six buds are left on the sleeve, and in the spring - three. The vine takes four years to form.

Grapes propagated by cuttings. It is necessary to harvest cuttings in the fall before the first frost. The cuttings are cut and stored in the sand until spring, and in the spring they are placed for kilchev. The first roots will appear in a couple of weeks. Then the cuttings are planted in the garden so that they grow.

Watering and feeding

It is not enough to properly plant the grapes and form the vine. The plant still needs to be fertilized and watered. Top dressing is not required only in the first two years of vine growth. Already from the third year, fertilizers and humus are applied under the bush, and in the spring - lime or ash. When the first fruits appear, the grapes will need potash fertilization by the end of summer. Watering the bushes is often not worth it, especially if the humidity is high. It is enough for a shrub to receive watering 4–5 times during the entire development and maturation period.

Disease and pest control

The care of grapes also includes the prevention of diseases that this plant is susceptible to. Diseases and various parasites can very quickly destroy the entire crop, if they are given free rein. The main diseases of grapes include:

• mildew;
• gray rot;
• oidium.

To reduce the risk of catching any disease, it is necessary to provide adequate ventilation, as well as to treat the vine with special preparations as a preventive measure. Although not only bushes are subject to processing, but also the soil.

For pests such as spider mites, grape leafworm, phylloxera and grape itch, grapes are sprayed with fungicides in autumn and early spring.

Viticulture in the Leningrad Region is no more complicated than in the southern regions. When you take into account the peculiarities of the climate and soil, ensure proper care of the bushes and control pests and diseases, you will get a rich and tasty grape harvest.

Video "Planting grapes and care"

In this video, you will learn how to plant and care for grapes.

What varieties are there?

According to the ripening rate for the conditions of St. Petersburg, only super-early, very early and early varieties can be used. Separately, it is worth noting non-covering grape varieties that are not afraid of strong freezing of the vine and soil.

The cultivation of grapes in the Leningrad Region has its own nuances, since the summer in the Leningrad Region is cool and short, and the sum of active temperatures is very low. Growing outdoors is particularly difficult. Outside greenhouses, you can grow only over-early, or non-covering grape varieties. But the harvest will ripen only in September. As a rule, frosts in summer do not occur for only 2 and a half months, while all non-covering varieties require at least 3-4 months of a frost-free period. For this reason, in May, they must be covered with spunbond (or other covering material) from recurrent frosts, so as not to destroy the newly awakened buds.

Super-early varieties must be covered for the winter, just like roses: they are covered with either a black film or roofing material. Non-covering varieties can simply be folded on the ground on spruce branches or boards.

In some years, it is very difficult to get a crop with a high sugar content in the open field, since in the Leningrad region the sum of active temperatures is very small and if the year is not too warm, then the crop will not have time to fully ripen. Therefore, I grow grapes both outdoors and indoors - in greenhouses with a removable roof for the winter and in barrels. Indoors, both very early and early varieties ripen.

The yield varies: in the open field - 3-5 kilograms per bush, in the closed ground the yield is several times greater: Early varieties - from 10-15 kilograms to 20 kilograms, and later, high-yield varieties give up to 50-60 kilograms per bush.

Growing grapes in greenhouses

I am a supporter of growing grapes here (in the Leningrad region) in closed ground with a removable roof, so that in winter the bushes are covered with snow.

For growing grapes in greenhouses, I use a four-arm system. At the same time, I plant the bushes after one and a half to two meters and let two shoots in one direction along the trellis and two in the other. All other shoots are cut off. At the same time, grape pruning is carried out in the fall at the rate of 5-6 buds per sleeve, and in the spring we switch to 3 buds on each sleeve and 12 shoots. A tighter planting will result in shading.

Strongly vigorous varieties are best grown either outdoors or in greenhouses. In greenhouses, you can plant varieties that require a large area of ​​nutrition and the amount of active temperatures, these mainly include raisins and all large-fruited varieties. Suitable for growing in greenhouses are such varieties as F1475, Karinka Russian, Reline Pink Sidless, Pink, Russian amber, Super extra, Timur, Very early elegant, Augustine, Flame, White Muscat, Motherland, Russian Early, Success Moscow, Ainset Sidless, Rusbol, Rusball improved (Elf), Lyubava, Kodryanka, Laura, Matryoshka, Neptune, Memory of Dombkovskaya, Mars, Kishmish unique and others.

Strongly growing varieties (they are very productive, but ripen later - in September), you can start up to 16-20 shoots, but the distance between the bushes should be at least 2 meters.

The most productive, provided that they are grown in a greenhouse, can be called the following varieties: Ilya Muromets, Rusven, Supago, Lyusil, Pervenets Kuibysheva, Pervenets Saratova, Cosmonaut and many other varieties: Lyubava, Strashensky, Muromets.

Outdoor cultivation

It often happens that it rains until the end of January and the buds can be covered with ice at the first frost. If the kidney is covered with ice, then it dies (suffocates and vomits). If you put the vine on some kind of litter, for example, on needles, the buds will not dry out, since the buds covered with snow will not freeze up.

Indoors, our grapes do not suffer from rain and dampness. We have a lot of rain in the Leningrad Region. In 2011 and 2012, from mid-July, it was constantly raining and in the open ground the grapes were always wet, because of this, the ripening of the vine lagged behind and the sum of active temperatures was not enough to obtain a high-quality grape harvest.

Growing grapes in barrels

There is another option for growing grapes - in barrels. The subtlety of growing grapes in barrels is that in winter the grapes in barrels are in a buried state, just in an open place on the site. In mid-April, the barrel needs to be taken out and brought into the greenhouse and the barrel, standing above the ground, begins to warm up quickly and already at the beginning of May the grapes in the barrels begin to bloom. It turns out a big backlog, at the beginning of June, after the frost stops, I take the barrels outside and put them on the south side of the buildings, where the grapes in barrels continue to grow actively and by the end of June acquire their size. In early July, over-early varieties ripen.

Barrels for the winter in mid-October, buried in the floor in a horizontal position at a distance of a meter from each other, are covered with slate from above. The barrels are sprinkled with earth from the sides. The vine is pruned into 5-6 buds and, when raised above the ground, the vine winters well, without damping out and freezing of the buds.

In barrels, grapes can grow up to 8-10 years old, but from 3 years old it will be necessary to feed the barrels with complex fertilizers and add soil. After 8-10 years, these barrels can be cut and the bush can be planted in open ground, where it will still grow and bear fruit for 10-12 years.

The most suitable barrels for growing grapes with a capacity of 65 liters (for 50 liters of soil). It is easy to find similar used barrels on sale. Before planting, it is imperative to make a hole in the bottom of the barrels so that there is no stagnation of water. It is good to make 40-50 holes with a diameter of 10 mm, and pour expanded clay, slag, and broken brick on the bottom of the barrel. The remaining volume of the barrel should be filled with fertile soil: 2-3 year old humus with sand or peat.

There is still 1 subtlety in the second half of summer, starting from July, the barrel must be shaded so that the barrels do not overheat in the sun, otherwise the root system will grow intensively to the detriment of the berry filling and sugar collection. Barrels should be watered once a week.

In a barrel, you can plant such varieties as: Dimon, Golbena nou, Zilga, Golden Potapenko, Cosmonaut, Platovsky, Crystal, Black superearly, White Delight, Madeleine Selenium, you can also grow wine varieties: Saperavi Smolensky, Minsk 8-17, Russian early and many other not very tall varieties.

You can plant grapes throughout the season: from late May to late September.

Grapes have long been considered a southern culture, but the emergence of new super-early varieties made it possible to grow it even in a changeable and cold climate. Winegrowers successfully plant and grow crops in the Leningrad and Moscow regions. At the same time, caring for the "northern" grapes is not laborious.

Greenhouse or open ground?

The winegrowers were not frightened by the cold climate of the Leningrad region, and they have long been practicing the cultivation of grapes on their plots. And it turns out they do it quite successfully. It is believed that thermophilic crops in the northern regions should be grown in greenhouses. But breeders have developed new ultra-early frost-resistant grape varieties that are successfully grown in the open field.

Modern grape varieties can be grown even in mid-latitude conditions

When choosing a greenhouse or an open area for grapes, you need to understand that the care, as well as the end result, will vary. Each cultivation method has its own positive and negative traits.

Advantages greenhouse grape cultivation in cold climates are obvious:

• the harvest ripens on time;
• sweet, juicy berries;
• there is no limitation in the choice of the variety.

Despite this, greenhouse cultivation of grapes is fraught with a number of difficulties:

• early awakening of the buds in the spring, which, without special treatment, can be damaged by frost;
• the need for regular watering;
• high air temperature and humidity contributes to the development of diseases.

Growing grapes in a greenhouse has its advantages

Not every grape variety can be grown in the open ground of the Leningrad Region. For cultivation, only super-early (early) varieties with an average size of berries are suitable. Large berries simply do not have time to pick up sugar and ripen.

Varieties for cultivation

As already noted, for planting grapes in the Leningrad and Moscow regions, it is necessary to choose varieties characterized by early and very early ripening (mid-August). So the berries will have time to ripen even in a cold summer. In the open field, the berries will ripen 15-20 days later than in the greenhouse.

Recommended varieties for open ground

1. Spulga - super early grade. Clusters are small or medium, the berries are round, 2-3 g, red-violet. Withstands frosts down to -27ºС.

   Spulga variety

2. Agat Donskoy - early vigorous table variety. The clusters are large, loose, the berries are blue, round, rather large, ripen by mid-August. Bushes are prone to overload. It is resistant to diseases and tolerates frosts down to - 26 ° C.
3. Zilga - a universal super-early variety. Vigorous bushes are resistant to mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew. The brushes are medium-sized and large, friable, the fruits are blue, round, with slimy pulp, ripen in early August.
4. White pearls - vigorous early variety. In the open ground of the northern regions, it ripens at the end of August. The brushes are small, dense, the berries are greenish, juicy, sweet. The yield is high.

   Variety White pearls

5. Alpha - technical grade. The vigorous bush is suitable for gardening arbors. The berries are medium, dark purple with a white bloom, with sourness. Recyclable. You can also use a decorative culture called maiden grapes to decorate gazebos - read here.

Also in the open field you can grow: Moscow resistant, Yadviga, Monica Nina, Stela, Korinka Russian, Aglaya, Taezhny. Photos and descriptions of these varieties are widely presented in various sources.

Advice. For planting, it is recommended to choose zoned varieties. This increases the likelihood of getting a good harvest.

Recommended varieties for growing in a greenhouse

1. Radiant kishmish - early-middle table variety. Bushes are medium-sized, seedless berries, pink, oval, large, sweet.

   Radiant Kishmish variety

2. Laura - superearly table variety. Brushes can be up to two kilograms. Berries are light green, oval, large (up to 16 g). The pulp is firm. It has only female flowers and needs pollinators.
3. Early Russian - a very early variety for dining purposes. Bushes are vigorous. Large shaping methods are preferred. The berries are medium or large, pink, with firm pulp.

   Variety Russian early

Planting grapes

Location. The sunniest and most elevated place is chosen for growing grapes. A site near the wall of buildings is well suited. So the wall heated during the day will give its heat to the bushes at night. An adult bush needs an area of ​​two linear meters in length and 0.5 m in width.

The soil. In case of high groundwater, it is recommended to "raise" the planting area using soil, compost and gravel for drainage. They also do the same with a shallow fertile layer. Do not dig to the clay, the seedlings will simply die in it.

Planting grapes

The site for cultivation must be well fertilized in advance, adding organic matter and mineral fertilizers for digging. The fertile soil layer should go at least 40 cm deep and cover an area of ​​1.5-2 m in diameter.

Attention! Grapes cannot stand acidic soils.Given the peculiarity of the soil in the Leningrad and Moscow regions, lime, dolomite flour or wood ash must be added to the soil before planting and in the future.

"Dormant" seedlings with open roots are planted in a permanent place at the beginning of summer, in containers - throughout the growing season. The calcaneal roots deepen by 25-30 cm.

Growing and caring

Growing grapes in the Leningrad region, planting and care requires certain skills. The planted grape bushes will give the first harvest only after four years. Before that, they need proper care to grow the vine.

Pinching the vine

First year. In the year of planting, the seedling develops a root system, and the growth of the vine is quite small (20-30 cm). If the vine is stretched, it is better to pin it. No maintenance is required this year, other than moderate watering during drought. For the winter, the bush is covered.

Attention! The vine can withstand low temperatures without shelter, but the icing of the vine is detrimental.

Second year. In the spring, it is advisable to open the grape bush as early as possible (after the snow melts). Otherwise, under cover, the buds may wake up too early and freeze out during the spring frost. From the shoots that appear, you need to choose 2-4 of the strongest, remove the rest. When the shoots reach 1 m in height, they must be pinned. All summer, the stepsons break out. For the winter, the bush is covered.

Advice. The shelter of the grapes should provide dryness to the bush. Slate copes with this task perfectly. Under it the vine will "breathe".

Third year. The overwintered sleeves are tied horizontally to the lower trellis, and the resulting shoots are tied vertically. In this year, the bush is formed, and its further form depends on the correctness of the actions. In the fall, two replacement and fruiting vines are left on each sleeve, and they are cut into 4 and 12 eyes, respectively.

Fourth year. This year the bush begins to bear fruit. Varieties susceptible to overload must be normalized by breaking out excess brushes. The rest of the care is the same as before.

Fertilization and dressing

The first two years of growth, the grape bushes do not require fertilization. From the third year of cultivation, potash-phosphorus fertilizers and humus are applied under the bushes. Also in the spring it will be necessary to add ash or lime.

Introduction of root dressing

When grape bushes begin to bear fruit, they need foliar dressing with potash fertilizers at the end of summer. So the vine will be well prepared for wintering.

Attention! It is impossible to bring fresh manure under the grapes. It will cause a rapid build-up of green mass at the expense of flowering and further fruiting.

Propagation of grapes

Propagated grapes by shanks or vegetatively (layering). This is by no means a simple matter and requires certain skills.

Chubuki for reproduction harvested in the fall during the pruning of the bush. It is important that the vine is ripe. The pith should be green when cut.

Preparation of grape cuttings

In February, the vine begins to germinate. First, it is soaked for several days in melt water. The difficulty of growing seedlings is that the buds open before roots appear on the stem. To accelerate the emergence of roots, the shanks are first placed in a container with water.

Attention! When sprouting shanks, it is important to ensure the correct temperature regime. The roots should be warm (+20 - + 23º), and the upper part at a temperature (+13 - + 16º).

If the leaves nevertheless appeared before the roots, it is necessary to protect them from drying out. After the roots appear, the shanks are planted in containers with fertile loose soil and grown on the windowsill.

Reproduction by layering - an easier way. In the fall, the lashes are instilled by 20-30 cm. All the leaves and stepsons are preliminarily broken off from the lash. The top of the whip should remain above the ground. Next year, young shoots will appear, from which a new bush is gradually formed.

Attention! The rooted cut is separated from the "mother" and transplanted to a new place no earlier than 3 years later.

Layers can be used to rejuvenate existing plantings without loss of yield. For this, young bushes are not transplanted. After the start of their fruiting, the mother bushes are cut down.

Diseases and pests

Grapes are very susceptible to disease and pests. An untimely fight against these misfortunes can significantly reduce, and in some cases even destroy the crop.

Mildew on vine leaves

The main diseases of grapes:

1. Mildew (powdery mildew) - affects vines, leaves and fruits. The foliage is covered with oil spots and white bloom, in the place of which necrosis forms later. Growing grapes in greenhouses increases the risk of disease.
2. Gray rot - affects ripe berries.
3. Oidium - foliage acquires an uncharacteristic color, curls, shoots become thinner.

All grape diseases develop at high humidity. Therefore, when growing in greenhouses, it is important to ensure good ventilation and preventive treatment of the vines throughout the season. It is also recommended to select disease-resistant grape varieties.

Advice. To prevent diseases, treat not only grape bushes with special preparations, but also the soil around them, as well as the walls of the greenhouse.

Dangerous pests of grapes:

1. Phyloxera - lives in the near-ground part of the bush, sticking to the trunk.
2. Mite (grape itch) - affects leaves and inflorescences. It is determined by the characteristic bumps on the upper side and depressions on the lower side of the sheet.

   Grape itch

3. Grape leaf roll - damages the buds and young foliage by nibbling them.
4. Spider mite - lives on the lower part of the leaf and feeds on its sap. Over time, the leaf dries up and falls off.

For the prevention of pests, plants are sprayed with fungicides in autumn and early spring.

Growing grapes in the Leningrad and Moscow regions is no more difficult than in the south. The main thing is to provide proper care and to fight diseases and pests on time. As a reward, you will receive a juicy, sweet, environmentally friendly harvest.

Growing grapes in the Moscow region: video

Grapes at their summer cottage: photo