What sort of peaches can be grown in the suburbs?

Most gardeners mistakenly believe that peaches and nectarines are different types of fruit. In fact, the genetic difference between these two fruit crops is represented by only one recessive gene. Nectarine is considered to be an improved peach with a sweeter taste and aroma, as well as superior to its counterpart in the content of ascorbic acid and carotene.

Selection rules

The climate of the Moscow region is moderately continental, with relatively mild winters and warm, relatively humid summers. It is not too difficult to find a nectarine or peach variety for the Moscow region. It is important to pay attention to the type of rootstock, as well as the ripening period of the variety of this fruit crop.

The best varieties for this region of cultivation are characterized by an early and medium-early period of crop formation, and also have sufficient resistance to low-temperature regimes in winter and to late spring frosts. High-quality peach seedlings for the Moscow region, like nectarine seedlings, are recommended to be purchased in nurseries selling zoned varieties.

Names and descriptions of nectarine varieties

Nectarine is a type of peach, but its fruit has a smooth skin. Compared to peaches, nectarines are characterized by a higher resistance to diseases and pests, and the breeding of winter-hardy varieties made it possible to grow this fruit crop even in more northern regions.

Also read: Features of the Papirovka apple tree

Names and descriptions of peach varieties

Peach seedlings for planting in the soil and climatic conditions of the Moscow region should be well developed, and the varieties should be chosen early, with sufficient frost resistance, including return frosts in the spring. On the territory of the Moscow region, it is preferable to grow early ripe varieties of peach.

Variety name	Plant	Fruit	Pulp
"Favorite of Moretini"	Early maturing, with a spreading crown	Medium, weighing up to 95 g, rounded-elongated, with a delicate velvety yellow skin. Red strokes of blush are present	Amber yellow, delicate, fibrous, juicy and aromatic. The bone is difficult to separate
Greensboro	Medium height, spreading crown	Oval, large, weighing up to 130 g, greenish-cream with a raspberry or red-burgundy blush on ¼ of the surface	Greenish, fibrous, juicy, sweet with a slight sourness. The aroma is present
Redhaven	Average vigor, rounded crown	Large, weighing from 120 g, rounded-oval, unequal. The skin is dense, yellow with a bright red blush and delicate pubescence	Yellow, with bright raspberry veins, dense consistency, excellent taste
"Kiev early"	Average vigor, wide-round crown	Medium, weighing up to 75-80 g. Cream peel with delicate velvety pubescence	Straw yellow, almost transparent, sweet and sour, with a pronounced aroma

Terms and rules for planting seedlings

This fruit crop is grown on any type of soil, the main condition for planting is the presence of good drainage, which can be used as crushed brick chips. The most suitable soil for planting peach or nectarine seedlings is moderately carbonate loam.

Fruit seedlings of these crops should not be planted in areas after growing tomatoes, strawberries, clover or alfalfa. Peach and nectarine oppress cherries, pear trees and apple trees, which must be taken into account when choosing the location of fruit crops.

The area intended for growing nectarine or peach must be dug up with high quality, removing weeds and saturating the soil with oxygen... On depleted soils, preliminary fertilization should be carried out, and, if necessary, balancing of soil acidity indicators is carried out.

It is recommended to plant peaches and nectarines somewhat thicker than, for example, apricot seedlings, observing the 4 x 4 or 4 x 3 m scheme.The planting pit for peaches or nectarines should be 50-60 cm deep and at least 40-50 cm in diameter. pits with dimensions of 70 x 70 cm and a depth of about 55-60 cm are made on the ground.

After planting, the plants are mulched with leaves, grass or sawdust, which is very useful for fruit plantations.

Growing features

If the technology of cultivation is observed, peaches and nectarines of early varieties ripen perfectly even in the northern part of the Moscow region. To get a full harvest, you should follow all agrotechnical techniques:

• in the late autumn period, it is recommended to cut out the plant conductor, leaving only four lower shortened shoots for the winter;
• it is very important to sprinkle the already cut stem of the fruit plant with loose soil and foliage for the winter;
• watering should be carried out regularly, especially with insufficient moisture capacity of the soil and in a very dry, hot period;
• the standard rate of water consumption per adult fruit-bearing tree is about 40-50 liters;
• for feeding in the spring, it is imperative to use nitrogen-containing fertilizers, which have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of the vegetative mass of fruit plantations;
• in summer and autumn, it is recommended to use fertilizers based on phosphorus and potassium as top dressing;
• it is advisable to carry out timely rationing of the harvest, as well as to substitute special supports under the branches, since the branches of fruit trees such as peach and nectarine are quite fragile and can break under the weight of ripening fruits.

How nectarine differs from peach (video)

The climatic features and weather conditions of the Moscow region imply high-quality preparation of plants for frost and proper shelter of fruit plantations for the winter. Plants should be covered after feeding, pruning and bending to the ground. Compliance with these basic requirements of agricultural technology will allow you to get regular good yields of fruits.

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My childhood and youth were spent in Saratov, where some gardeners grew exotic - peach. This is despite the harsh continental climate, when there are frosts above 30 °, winter thaws and a lot of snow.

Then my own piece of land appeared, and I bought a local peach seedling. A year later, we tasted the first egg-sized fruits with delicious juicy pulp. In the harsh winter of 2006, the peach was heavily frostbitten, but over the summer 7 new shoots grew, of which we left 4 - more than 2 m in height. The next year it bore fruit again. Now this peach is more than 10 years old, without fruit we were only 2 years old.

When they began to lay a new garden in the Moscow region, they brought with them the bones of that Saratov peach. They buried them in a garden bed to a depth of 10 cm. Of the 30 seeds, some sprung up in the spring, some - a year later. They got little care - sometimes weeding and watering. Sometimes, in winter, the trunks of some plants died, and in the spring, growth began from the lower buds.

We decided that it would be better to place the peaches on the plot on the south side of the house, so that over the summer they accumulate more starch and other substances necessary for wintering.

Now we have 10 peaches growing: one donated variety Kievsky early, grafted onto a local plum, the rest are seedlings of a Saratov peach.

Peach is usually formed in a low bowl, but I just have trees with a center conductor or bushes with 2-3 trunks.

For the first two years, the trees were not covered, the wood endures the winters near Moscow, but the flower buds require protection from frost. Now for the winter, we cover the trees approximately like roses and grapes, after frosts minus 5-10 °. The first version of the shelter was made similar to the grape one: young trunks were bent to the ground and fixed with pegs, covered with foil, lutrasil and slate.

In the spring, they discovered that mice and voles love to gnaw not only grapes, but also peaches. They concluded that it was necessary to put the poison under the shelter from the fall. In the spring, the peaches bloomed, there were several ovaries, but in June they crumbled - probably from a lack of care and watering.

See also: Growing peaches in the garden. Diseases, productive varieties, pruning and care.

Warming a peach for the winter

In the following winter, they arranged a shelter in the form of a volcano hut: the branches were pulled with ropes to the trunk, a frame was made from the boards with screws, sheets of mineral wool were put on it, they were covered with polyethylene from the rain and tied with ropes on top, and slate was closed from the sun on the south side. A hole of 10-20 cm was left at the top - for ventilation. In general, we make the shelter from available materials at hand.

After the flower buds have been saved from winter freezing, in the spring it is necessary to save them from damping out and early germination.

For this, the shelter was removed in April, when there was still snow in some places. Victory Day was celebrated among flowering peaches. Although the culture is self-pollinated, we "pollinated" by hand - with the help of a dustpan. There were many ovaries, then some were removed.

Reference by topic: Technology of growing a peach in the form of a bush in central Russia and the Moscow region

Peach in the suburbs - care

They looked after the trees like this: in May and June they fertilized them with dry chicken droppings, complex mineral fertilizers, watered them in a timely manner and treated the near-trunk circle with a hoe 2-3 times. Last year there were no pests and diseases, one treatment from them in June was enough.

In the same June, some of the strong branches were cut in half, the crowns growing inward were cut out. In August, the peach fruits began to color, a faint aroma appeared, at the end of the month they began to soften - they ripened.

The Saratov peach has a yellowish flesh, pink near the stone, sweet and sour taste, the fruit weight is about 55 g. The early Kiev peach has yellowish flesh, the consistency is denser, the taste is sweet and sour, the weight is about 85 g.

Those who do not risk will be left without a peach

For a long time I did not dare to plant a peach - I thought that this thermophilic plant was not for our latitudes. But she took a chance and bought a zoned seedling.

Planted in April at an angle of 45 degrees, (directed in the direction where the sun is at 12 o'clock in the afternoon). Imagine my surprise when, in the 2nd year after planting, the tree was covered with beautiful red-pink flowers, and later the fruits set. Ripe peaches were not inferior in taste to the southern varieties.

I take care of the culture in the same way as for the rest of the fruit trees. The most important thing is to properly prepare a young plant for winter. In autumn, after leaf fall in dry weather, I treat the crown with a 7% urea solution (700 g per 10 l of water). After 7-10 days, for shelter, you need to tilt the tree closer to the ground.To do this, stepping back a little from the bush, drove 2 stakes into the soil, tied a rope-crossbar to them (the construction in the form of the letter "P" turned out), and to it, in turn, a string and, alternately throwing it on skeletal branches, gently tilted them to the crossbar (the twine was securely fixed). Then I put spruce branches on the tree to protect it from mice, and with the onset of a stable cold snap, I throw covering material on top. In winter, the best insulation is snow. To detain him, I put raspberries, cut flower stalks, brushwood on spunbond.

To prevent fungal diseases (peach especially suffers from curly leaves) in the spring, after removing the shelter (when the threat of severe frosts has passed), I treat the tree with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid (300 g per 10 l of water). After flowering, when the ovary reaches the size of a pea, I spray it with a fungicide (Horus, Skor, etc. - according to the instructions).

Tatiana FROLOVA

SPECIALIST'S WORD

Planting a peach seedling at an angle of 45 degrees is appropriate in the case of complete or partial covering of the plant for the winter. Having adopted this method, amateur gardeners need to be on the lookout - they often deepen the root collar (the place where the roots go into the trunk). Then the peach can enter fruiting much later. And in some cases, when moisture accumulates around the root collar, the tree even dies due to its drying out. Normally, in this early-growing culture, the first fruits, as the author writes, appear as early as 2-3 years after planting.

Nikolay KHROMOV, Cand. agricultural sciences

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Peach in the gardens of the Moscow region was considered a tourist attraction until recently, and today in this region you can find a wide variety of varieties. When planting a peach, gardeners expect fleshy, juicy and sweet fruits. In order for all hopes to come true, it is necessary to choose the right variety, taking into account the characteristics of the region, climate, soil and other criteria.

Experienced gardeners recommend the best varieties of peaches for the Moscow region, which, with proper care, will delight you with stable, high yields.

How to choose a peach variety for the Moscow region?

For a temperate climate near Moscow with relatively mild winters and relatively humid summers, it is not too difficult to choose a peach variety. It is important to pay attention to the ripening period of the fruit.

The varieties cultivated in this region are characterized by early and mid-early periods of crop formation, sufficient resistance to low-temperature winter regimes and late frosts that occur in spring. It is recommended to purchase high-quality seedlings for the Moscow region in nurseries selling zoned varieties.

The best varieties

Early varieties of peach in the Moscow region begin to bear fruit in the first half of summer.

Favorite of Moretini

Self-pollinating early-growing variety of Italian selection, which bears fruit in 2-3 years after planting. Productivity from one tree is on average up to 30 kilograms. The fruits have high taste and marketability.

An early ripe peach with an easily shaped spreading crown and medium-sized fruits, which weigh about 95-115 grams on average. The shape of the peaches is rounded-elongated, the yellow skin is soft and velvety, with red strokes of blush.Amber-yellow tender pulp, aromatic and juicy, with a fibrous structure. It is difficult to separate the bone from the pulp.

The Moretini peach ripens very early, but the average transportability does not allow them to be transported over long distances. The variety is weakly resistant to frost, prone to damage by powdery mildew.

Greensboro

A medium-sized peach tree with a spreading crown and large oval fruits weighing up to 130 grams. Fruits are oval in shape, slightly compressed on the sides, with a slightly blunt rounded top and a characteristic fossa.

A quarter of the surface of the green-cream peaches is covered with a red-burgundy or raspberry blush. Fibrous juicy aromatic pulp of greenish-red color has a sweet taste with a slight sourness. A medium-sized bone from the pulp is difficult to separate.

A self-fertile variety begins to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting. The yield of ten-year trees reaches 60 kilograms, the maximum is 67 kilograms. The fruits do not tolerate transportation well, the skin and pulp quickly darken when pressed.

The variety is characterized by increased winter hardiness and relative resistance to clasterosporium disease. In unfavorable years, in the absence of prophylaxis, it suffers from curly leaves.

Redhaven

A medium-sized peach with a rounded crown and large rounded-oval unequal fruits. The dense yellow skin is covered with delicate pubescence and a bright red blush. The yellow pulp with bright raspberry veins has a dense texture and excellent taste.

The variety that came from America has perfectly adapted to the conditions near Moscow and shows good growth and development results. Redhaven received the highest tasting rating. The fruits with a very strong and pleasant aroma were enjoyed by both children and adults.

The variety is highly resistant to winter and spring frosts, curliness, but it is affected by fungal diseases. A peach can always be protected from diseases if preventive measures are taken, fertilized on time, and growth and development are stimulated.

The yield of the variety is very high: about 45 kilograms of fruits from a five-year-old tree and about 100 kilograms from a ten-year tree. For the gardener dreaming of serious harvests, Redhaven is an excellent choice.

Kiev early

A peach tree of medium vigor with a broadly rounded crown and medium-sized fruits weighing 75-90 grams. The shape of the fruit is broadly oval, with a pronounced "beak" at the top. The creamy skin of the peaches is covered with delicate pubescence. The pulp is straw-yellow, almost transparent, with a sweet-sour taste and a pronounced aroma. The stone is very difficult to separate from the pulp.

Early Kiev is a fruitful (40-50 kilograms per tree) variety with high resistance to clotterosporia and powdery mildew. He does not like excessively dry soil, but he has an extremely negative attitude towards waterlogging. Peach leaves of the Kievsky early variety are prone to being affected by curliness.

Collins

Paying attention to this self-fertile mid-early variety of American selection is recommended for lovers of large peaches. Large (about 150 grams) spherical red-yellow fruits with splashes, sweet with pleasant sourness, must be removed from the tree in time so that the branches do not break the bountiful harvest. Peaches do not ripen at the same time, so they need to be harvested sequentially.

The trees are medium-sized, reaching a height of 3-3.5 meters. After planting, they grow intensively, with the entry into the fruiting phase - more moderately. Productivity from one tree is about 40-50 kilograms.

This variety is highly resistant to powdery mildew and curliness, perfectly tolerates winter frosts and spring frosts. Collins peach has a great need for regular watering, top dressing, timely sanitary and formative crown pruning.

Early champion

A large tree has a spreading thickened crown.The variety is distinguished by regular fruiting and high productivity (60-70 kilograms per tree). Large (140-160 grams) rounded greenish-creamy fruits are covered over the entire surface with a bright red blush. There is a slight slightly hairy pubescence on the skin.

The richly juicy pulp has an excellent taste and well-pronounced aroma, a high content of acids and sugar. Medium-sized stone does not separate well from the pulp.

Juicy

A fast-growing self-pollinated variety with a tendency to overload the fruits. A vigorous tree with an expanded, densely branched crown and large or medium-sized fruits weighing 100-200 grams. The greenish-creamy wide-oval fruit is covered with a beautiful blurred blush with scattered more intense strokes.

White medium-fiber pulp, pink at the skin, very aromatic, juicy, with a harmonious taste. The bone is separated from the pulp very poorly. Tasting assessment of the taste of the fruit - 4.5 points out of 5.

Peach has increased winter hardiness, relatively resistant to clasterosporium disease and other fungal diseases. The tree begins to bear fruit in the third year. The yield is regular and relatively high (50-70 kilograms of fruit per tree).

Golden jubilee

A variety of American selection with large (150-170 grams) fruits of a rounded-oval shape, slightly pressed on the sides. Fruits are sunny yellow in color with velvety pubescence, which covers 50% with a bright blush.

Delicate and firm, light orange pulp is very juicy, with a great taste and aroma. The size of the stone is larger than average, it separates from the pulp normally.

Medium-sized trees with a widely branched crown bear fruit steadily, the yield per tree reaches 40-50 kilograms. The variety is characterized by average frost resistance of fruit buds.

White Swan

A drought-resistant, self-fertile variety of medium early ripening with an insufficiently spreading spherical crown and fruits with an average weight of 145-155 grams. The white fibrous pulp has a slight creamy shade; it is not prone to darkening in the air. The yield reaches 50-60 kilograms per tree.

Peaches with a light, cream-colored skin have a beautiful wide-oval shape and a very harmonious pleasant sweet taste with a honey flavor, which was rated by the tasters 4.5 out of 5. The stone is medium in size, easily separates from the pulp.

Peach White swan is resistant to powdery mildew and clotterosporium disease. The tree can withstand frosts down to -23-25 ​​° С. Flower buds are also frost-resistant: they are not afraid of late spring cold snaps.

Medium ripening peaches

Some gardeners of the Moscow region prefer to grow later varieties, which allow a consistent intake of tasty vitamins throughout the warm season.

Cardinal

The peach of the Cardinal variety is self-fertile, the trees are medium-sized, with a rounded, very lush crown. Begins fruiting 2-3 years after planting. The yield reaches 35-40 kilograms from one tree.

This variety is the leader among peaches in terms of taste. Medium-sized fruits weigh about 140-150 grams, their surface is covered with a carmine blush. Peaches of the Cardinal variety are fragrant and juicy. The pulp is quite fleshy, has a pronounced pleasant aroma. The international tasting committee rated the fruit taste at 5 possible points.

The cardinal will need special care, since he does not tolerate frosts very well. The variety is resistant to powdery mildew. The plant must be constantly kept in good shape, watered and fed on time.

Kremlin

A popular variety with medium-sized fruits, perfectly adapting to any conditions, although peaches weighing up to 200 grams grow on some trees.

Vigorous trees have a spreading, wide-oval crown.Fruits are yellow or orange, with extensive blotches or red blush, very aromatic and juicy, with a sweet or sweet-sour taste, ripen in the second half of August. Productivity from one tree is 30-40 kilograms.

The variety is not susceptible to many diseases, it is distinguished by high winter hardiness. Trees of the Kremlin variety are not very fond of strong moisture, so it is necessary to carefully monitor watering. It is recommended to plant them on level or elevated areas, and water them infrequently, but systematically.

Golden Moscow

A tree of medium height with a thickened, rounded-raised crown. Large (up to 185 grams in weight), bright yellow, broad-oval-shaped fruits have velvety pubescence. The juicy pulp of golden yellow color has a pleasant texture and strong aroma. When the fruit is fully ripe, the skin is easily removed. The bone is easily removed from the pulp.

Harvesting time is at the end of August. From one peach tree of the Zolotaya Moskva variety, about 50 kilograms of fruit are steadily obtained. Average frost resistance (up to -18 ° C), resistant to diseases. Can be used for fresh consumption and conservation.

Siberian

Ripening in early August, a stable fruiting variety with a yield of up to 50 kilograms per tree. Begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. Large rounded-spherical fruits of a yellow-lemon color with a bright carmine-red blush weigh about 140 grams. They can be kept in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks.

The rich yellow pulp with delicate fiber is very juicy and tasty. The bone is separated well. The variety is resistant to frost down to -20 ° C and diseases.

Planting and leaving

If the technology of planting and cultivation is observed, early and middle varieties of peaches have time to ripen well even in the northern part of the Moscow region.

Any type of soil is suitable for growing peaches. The main condition for planting is good drainage from crushed brick chips. Moderately carbonate loams are optimal for planting a peach tree.

Seedlings should not be planted in areas after strawberries, tomatoes, alfalfa or clover. Peach trees oppress apple and pear trees, cherries. When choosing the location of fruit crops, this must be taken into account.

The area intended for growing peaches must be dug up with high quality, weeds must be removed and the soil must be saturated with oxygen. Fertilizers should be applied to depleted soils. With increased acidity of the soil, add 300-400 grams of dolomite flour per square meter for deoxidation.

When planting peaches, it is recommended to follow the 4x3 or 4x4 meter scheme. The depth of the planting hole should be 50-60 centimeters, the diameter should be at least 40-50 centimeters. On fertile soils, it is necessary to make holes with a size of 70x70 centimeters and a depth of about 55-60 centimeters. It is very useful for fruit plantations to mulch the plants after planting with sawdust, leaves or grass.

Careful implementation of all agrotechnical techniques will allow you to get a full harvest of peaches in the conditions of the Moscow region. The peach tree needs to be watered regularly, especially during a hot dry season or when the soil moisture capacity is insufficient. For one adult fruit-bearing tree, it is necessary to use 40-50 liters of water for one irrigation.

In the spring, fertilizers containing nitrogen must be used for feeding. They have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of the vegetative mass of the plant. In summer and autumn, it is recommended to use fertilizers based on phosphorus and potassium as top dressing.

Peach branches are quite fragile and can break under the weight of ripening fruits, so special supports must be placed under them. It is also advisable to carry out timely rationing of the harvest.

With the climatic features and weather conditions of the Moscow region, high-quality preparation of peach trees for frost and proper shelter for the winter is required.Plants should be covered after pruning and feeding. In late autumn, the plant guide must be cut out, leaving only 4 shortened lower shoots for the winter. The pruned stem of the fruit plant must be sprinkled with high quality loose soil and foliage.

Gumi wins the love of summer residents

Now more and more gumi bush began to appear in the gardens of summer residents who come to nature only on vacation and weekends. Its other name is multiflorous oak.

Gumi fruit

This plant was brought from Sakhalin. According to another version - from Japan. It is a relative of sea buckthorn, but it has large tasty and healthy fruits. There are twice as many vitamins and amino acids in them than in the famous sea buckthorn and black currant.

Gumi possesses medicinal properties... It helps with gastrointestinal diseases, increases blood circulation, has tonic effects.

Description:

flowers gumi

The flowers of gumi are ugly, but very fragrant and attract a lot of bees.

At first, the bush grows very slowly. From the 3rd year, the growth on the branches can reach 1 m. In the conditions of the Moscow region, it begins to bloom in May-June. The fruits ripen in July-August. Berries do not fall off when overripe. Plants usually leave for wintering with leaves; it does not have leaf fall.

The bush grows up to 3 meters. Its leaves are unusually beautiful: green above and silvery below. Fruits on a long stem are red-pink in color. Their size reaches 2 cm. Their taste is reminiscent of both apple, cherry and pineapple.

For planting and growing gumi fruit bushes, you need to choose well-lit, sunny areas. It also tolerates partial shade well. The plant respects highly fertile soil and does not tolerate near groundwater. In the conditions of the Moscow region, they reach a height of 1.6 m and a similar diameter. The formation of the crown is practically not required, since the growth is not formed.

Gumi grows best in neutral soils. Acidic soils are not very well suited for its development. Before planting a seedling, it is necessary to prepare a hole with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 0.6 m.

The roots of the bush are shallow, so deep loosening is not for him.

Each pit is preliminarily introduced with 25-30 kg of organic fertilizers, 200-300 g of double superphosphate, 3-4 glasses of wood ash.

Reacts well to watering in dry summer, but does not like strong waterlogging.

In hot weather I water gumi 2 times a week, 5-6 buckets of water under a bush. I feed young bushes in early May: I bring in 5-7 kg of humus, 20-30 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 100 g of superphosphate and 2 mugs of wood ash. For adult plants, I increase the amount of fertilizer.

Gumi does not require complex care. It is necessary to regularly cut thickening, frozen and broken branches. The plant practically does not get sick.

I want to warn you: if the branches die or dry out, then do not rush to uproot the bush. It is enough to cut off all the dead branches to the root collar, and it will come to life again. I saw a lot of such examples.

The main care is to loosen the trunk circle, control weeds and, if necessary, shelter the bushes for the winter.

The most reliable breeding method is by layering. To do this, in the fall, choose suitable lower branches, make transverse cuts in the bark at the bottom, process "Kornevin", carefully laid in shallow grooves and covered with earth. To prevent the branches from rising, they are clamped near the ground with “pins”, which can be made from thick wire. Do not forget to water this place every other day. The next year, at the end of spring, hairpins are removed from the rooted branches and the old trunk is cut with pruning shears.

On hot days, it is necessary to spray the bush. During the growing season, a houseplant needs feeding. For this, you can use liquid manure or complex fertilizers.

In winter, gumi needs additional lighting. To do this, you can use a table lamp or hang the lamp under the ceiling. The most comfortable bush will be on the windowsill.It is very useful to take the plant out to the loggia, and keep it there until T drops below -5C.

Such plants are badly pollinated. It is advisable to do this manually. To do this, you can use a cotton swab or a thin brush.

The fruits ripen in about 40-50 days after pollination.

In indoor conditions, there is a possibility of damage by a tick.

In terms of useful properties and the amount of vitamins, gumi fruits are not inferior to sea buckthorn and currants. They contain 17 amino acids. 7 of them are necessary for people. On Sakhalin, they are used as a tonic and tonic; infusions have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. Also, berries relieve inflammation and remove cholesterol, improving the circulatory system.

The leaves contain a lot of vitamin C. Therefore, they are harvested, dried and brewed like tea.

Gumi fruits are not recommended to be consumed in case of individual intolerance, it is advisable to limit it in case of diabetes mellitus. There are no other contraindications.

Gumi berries quickly leave fresh because of their unusual taste, and they are also canned for the winter: juices, jam, wine. The jam turns out to be very sugary.

Berries dry easily - you need to sprinkle them in a thin layer on a cloth or baking sheet and place in the shade. Gumi fruits are well stored in the refrigerator without losing their taste and appearance. I prefer to keep them frozen.

A delicious liqueur is obtained from its berries: Fruits are placed in 1/4 bottles, covered with sugar up to ½ a bottle, 2-3 glasses of boiled cold water are added, and left in the sun or in a warm place for fermentation. In about a month, an excellent light wine is ready.

To make jelly: Rub the gumi fruits with sugar (1: 1) through a colander. The taste will be more interesting if you rub them together with sea buckthorn, currants and (or) felt cherries.

Flowers in indoor conditions bloom by March 8. If you don't need a crop, they are great for spring bouquets. If you wait for the harvest, then the fruits will ripen by mid-May, when there are still no other berries. After harvesting the fruits, the bush can be transplanted into the garden to a permanent place.

Columnar apple trees in the gardens of the Moscow region

this is how columnar apple trees look like with fruits

Columnar apple trees appeared on the market relatively recently and immediately attracted attention. Gardeners are so created that they always want something new and non-standard on their site.

Talk about apple trees still continues. Opinions about them are divided: someone praises the novelty, others scold.

Why did they attract such attention of gardeners? It is believed that these trees begin to bear fruit early, develop quickly and take up very little space compared to standard spreading apple trees. This species is not very tall, so you can prune, care for the crown or collect fruits from the ground.

Everything seems to be beautiful, but those who have already tried to plant these apple trees know that they have serious shortcomings. For example, it is a superficial and very sensitive root system. The tree lives much less than an ordinary apple tree.

Is it worth planting it? It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to this question. If you do not need a large harvest, then you can plant a plant, but on condition that constant tree care is provided.

The apple tree reacts very badly to dry soil near the roots. If you come to the dacha only for the weekend and cannot provide daily watering, it is better not to plant. If you have an installed automatic irrigation system, you can try.

In order not to injure the roots once again, it is better to buy a seedling with a closed root system.

The columnar apple tree should only grow upward, with little or no lateral growth. But this only happens if the apical kidney is not damaged by diseases or rodents. The main danger for her is soft wood near the bud and severe freezing in winter.The standard apple tree also has such troubles, but for her it is not critical. So that the kidney does not suffer much in winter, some treat it with toothpaste before the season closes. Others use whitewash or garden varnish for this.

columnar apple tree in bloom

In the first 2-3 years after planting, the tree grows very slowly, then it noticeably accelerates growth.

Care.

There are times when, immediately after planting, the plant begins to bloom. This is very stressful for him: you need to recover after planting and allocate strength for flowering and fruiting. Therefore, it is recommended to pick flowers in the 1st year.

For the 2nd year, you can leave 3-5 apples for ripening. But it is also desirable to rip them off, so that the main forces go to the growth and development of the trunk.

For the 3rd year, the flowers can already be left. The apple tree withstands 10-15 fruits.

The yield increases gradually as the trunk grows and thickens.

Columnar apple trees have a superficial root system. The younger the plant, the more sensitive the roots. If, after planting an apple tree, trample them or, on the contrary, loosen them up, this can damage the roots. Therefore, the trunk circle is mulched with grass, lemon balm, dill or cereals are sown, and then they are mowed and left to lie on the trunk circle.

Watering.

fruit of a columnar apple tree

Regular watering is essential for plant growth and development. 2-3 times a week, the tree must be poured from above, arranging for it a kind of shower, washing the entire apple tree.

Mulch does not deteriorate from watering, so it should be removed only for the winter so that it does not attract rodents.

Fertilizers are applied in liquid form: a solution of manure or chicken droppings, diluted urea, saltpeter. Until June, fertilizers are applied monthly, starting in April.

For the winter, apple trees need shelter with spruce branches. You can cover the tree with snow, the main thing is that mice or hares do not get there.

MOSCOW NECKLACE. Very productive Columnar apple variety: up to 10 kg of fruit can be harvested from 1 tree. Sometimes, under their weight, the trunk begins to bend. The apples are dark red, large (150-170 g), taste like the well-known Melba variety. In the Moscow region, the harvest begins in mid-September. Apples of the Moscow Necklace variety can be stored until March.

Variety Currency

BOY. One of the most delicious varieties in the Moscow region. Fruits are unusually yellow, juicy, with a shiny skin. The variety is very fast-growing. If you plant a one-year-old, then in the spring of next year you can already start harvesting. Abundant fruiting occurs at 4-5 years. Apples ripen in early September and are stored quietly for a month. With poor care, the fruits begin to become very shallow, and the apple tree can bear fruit periodically.

 CURRENCY. A relatively new winter variety of columnar apple trees. Has increased resistance to scab. The trees are very compact. Also a fast-growing variety. The apples are large and medium in size with a bright blush on the side. Ripen in early October. They can be stored until the New Year holidays.

VASYUGAN. Most winter-hardy variety among columnar apple trees: withstands frost without damage up to -40 °. The trees are medium-sized and compact. Fruits reach 200 g, elongated-conical, red-striped color. Ripen in mid-September. They can be stored for about a month.

Actinidia and cats

Actinidia has been growing around our house for a long time. This is a vitamin-bearing fruit vine. Its old varieties are divided into male and female plants and need early shelter for the winter.

Actinidia fruits

Our variety is very thermophilic, it does not withstand freezing temperatures, so we cover it in mid-September, and open it when the danger of frost has passed.

The main difference between this vine is that it is very attractive to cats. Actinidia produces the same essential oils as valerian roots.

Several times I brought a male bush, but after planting I found only an eaten tree stump and a completely drunk cat next to it.He rolled from side to side, growled and even licked the ground. I had to take him into the house and think about how to protect the young actinidia.

At first I put up a fence I bought from a store, but it was not as high as I thought. The cat, leaning on it, got up on its hind legs and happily bit off the leaves and twigs. Of course, this is not as dangerous as gnawing on the roots, but it is not advisable.

I had to drive in several strong and high supports, and around them to pull the mesh folded several times. This protection turned out to be effective: high enough so that the cat did not reach the branches and roots, it is easy to collect it in the fall before laying the vine and covering it.

Female actinidia bush in bloom

The most interesting thing is that the neighboring cats did not pay attention to actinidia at all. There were no traditional "concerts", as they arrange at Valerian's. Only our pets react even to broken branches, and our older cat just adores her.

A plant protected in this way has taken root perfectly. The old plant no longer attracts cats. You just need to monitor so that the growth and young branches do not hang from the fence.

How to plant and grow actinidia correctly?

liana on the wall

Until recently, actinidia was considered an exotic plant, about the same as the little-known redberry, chufa or dictamnus. When I said that actinidia was growing in my dacha, most of the neighbors made round eyes and clearly did not understand what was being said. There have been cases when it was confused with anemones and considered an algae. Now you won't surprise anyone with this plant. It appeared in most gardeners who love to collect tasty and healthy fruits. How to plant correctly? I planted my plants in the 90s, when there were few high-quality seedlings, but private nurseries bred. In some of them, buyers were frankly deceived, in others, it was possible to find good plants. I was lucky to have bought actinidia from private breeders.

Before planting, a bed was prepared. Manure, sand were added there along with the earth, peat was replaced with duckweed and algae from the nearest pond, all shavings and sawdust were buried there. Actinidia does not like stagnant water very much, but it grows very well in sunny places, protected from the wind.

Our soil is so acidic that ate grows instead of weeds, and plants such as blueberries or rhododendrons feel in their place. Actinidia prefers neutral soil. To deoxidize the soil when preparing the garden, I added dolomite flour there, and now I regularly add ash and sprinkle with eggshells.

The roots of the plant are superficial, so they and the young stem must be protected from cats in the first place. About why they love this vine so much, I told in the article "Actinidia and Cats". In the same place I described what kind of protection we came up with against mustachioed "alcoholics". Here I will talk about what I did not mention then.
I bought seedlings with a closed root system so as not to injure the plant once again, yes, and it is more convenient to plant.

actinidia with fruits

To protect the roots, I used a potato net, in which it is often sold in stores: it allows air to pass through well, does not greatly interfere with weeding, but it becomes difficult for animals to dig out a seedling with its paws.

In this mesh, I made small holes, such that a pot with a seedling could be passed through them, I put it on the stem of the actinidia and began to plant it in the prepared holes. After the actinidia was planted, I neatly spread the net and pulled it across the entire bed, securing it with stones and covering it with earth on top so as not to spoil the view.

Pollination of plants

Older varieties have male and female plants. They are well pollinated by wind and insects. In a hot, windless summer, it is safer to pollinate the plant by hand using a thin brush. I lightly rock the plant on the trellis.

tied actinidia

I saw that my neighbors were pollinating actinidia with light clicks near the flower. I don't know how effective this is, I prefer my own way.

Now there are plants that, supposedly, are pollinated by themselves. I saw such varieties in some neighbors, but they shared that self-pollination is very bad. It is possible that strong winds or a complete calm interfere, but they collected very few fruits, and even then not always. Therefore, my friends also began to pollinate their liana with their hands - this is more reliable.

What are the varieties? The varieties of the new selection are well zoned near Moscow and tolerate winter well. Older varieties need shelter. My plants are very thermophilic, so I close them before all other bushes and only open them in mid-May, when the weather has settled and all frosts have passed.

Ornamental raspberries in the gardens of the Moscow region?

Have you ever heard of these varieties? I suspect not. It's relatively new

decorative raspberry

grade.

I met him by chance at one of the gardening exhibitions. It happened about 5 years ago. Like any gardener, I want to plant something in my dacha

original exotic

, but growing in my conditions and not requiring too much attention.

This time my attention was drawn to an interesting plant, with large leaves and large pink flowers. You can imagine my surprise when I found out that these are raspberries. I would never have thought that this shrub could be changed like that. Of course, I bought it - I liked it very much. In addition, it can be classified as my favorite category of delicious, healthy and beautiful plants.

Where to plant?

I put him under a fence in the form of a decorative hedge. A planting hole was prepared for a bush in a semi-dark place. In the morning there is excellent lighting, and in the late afternoon, when the hottest time begins, there is partial shade. Like any raspberry, this variety is a big fan of fertilizers and manure.

About watering

I planted it like the usual varieties of raspberries. I did not deeply burrow the roots, I brought in ash, sawdust and cut grass. Immediately after planting - provided him with regular watering. Now it no longer requires that much water, so it can be used in hot summer, it can be watered every other day. He endures drought quite calmly. There were cases when the heat came before I had the opportunity to go to the country. Ornamental raspberries were left without watering during the working week and received water only on weekends.

Description

this is how decorative raspberries bloom

The bush grows up to 2 meters in height and spreads strongly, which is typical for all raspberries. Otherwise, this variety is very different. First of all, large crimson flowers with a diameter of about 1 cm attract attention.

The leaves are also not familiar. They are more reminiscent of small maple than standard ones.

It is impossible to recognize raspberries by the appearance of the fruit. The berry is large, slightly fleecy, more like a gooseberry. There is such a raspberry in its pure form from a bush - I do not recommend it. It is not very tasty, but in the form of jam it is delicious. I cannot describe what her taste becomes like - I cannot find a suitable comparison.

Decorative raspberries overwinter perfectly. This is a very winter hardy variety that does not require additional shelter or pruning.

The main care consists in weeding, timely fertilization, pruning of broken branches. It is also necessary to monitor its reproduction, otherwise it will clog all other bushes and perennials.

Does golden currant exist?

I learned about the existence of yellow currants back in the late 90s of the last century. I really wanted to have such an exotic currant in my dacha, but no matter how much I looked for it then, I could not find it. Some of the sellers tried to assure that this is another name for white currant, others tried to pass off something else for it.

golden currant has bloomed

Several years ago I discovered in one of the nurseries a currant of the Versailles variety. Of course, I wondered what it was. How surprised I was when I learned that this decorative flowering plant is what I have been looking for unsuccessfully for many years.

I could not resist, I put her in my dacha.

Planted

currants in the same way as all other varieties are planted: with the addition of manure, silt, mixed with earth, duckweed and sawdust. The bush took root and began to grow rapidly. Now it reaches 2 meters

.

Care

behind it is no different from the traditional one: weeding, fertilization, disease prevention.

Hibernates

flowering golden currant

it is completely calm, without freezing, despite the fact that it is planted in a windy place from which almost all the snow is regularly blown off.

It blooms simply luxuriously - with bright yellow small flowers. When there are a lot of them, neighbors take it from a distance for late mimosa. The fruits, in fact, resemble white currants both in appearance and in taste.

Leaves

this variety is very different from currant. They are small with several semicircular "fingers". Closer to autumn, they acquire a rich red color with green veins, and they look very decorative.

Mistakes that beginner gardeners often make 1.       I plant whatever I like.

 This is probably the most common mistake among beginners. They want a lot of things at once.

barberry

For some reason, it seems to most that if it grows with friends, it will definitely take root, and it will also bear fruit.

People forget that everyone's conditions are different. Yes, it will take root if it is your closest neighbor in the country, but even in this case, you cannot guarantee the same care, feeding, lighting, and the strength of the wind.

The fact that summer cottages can be located in different places, there will be a different soil, the air temperature is not even taken into account. For some reason, it seems to many that if the garden is in the suburbs, then the conditions are similar for everyone. However, no. They are different. For plants, a 2-3C difference can play a significant role in fruiting. Probably, you can not talk about everything else: different soils, the proximity of water and forests also affect the development of plants.

2.       There is no deliberate garden plan.

  Most novice gardeners, having bought a tree seedling, plant it without thinking that it will grow and begin to shade shrubs and perennial flowers. Some hobbyists plant everything very close to each other, and then the branches of the plants begin to intertwine, causing irritation to the gardener.

3. Another equally common mistake is the desire for a quick harvest.

rose hip

People begin to plant sea buckthorn and thorns, which develop and bear fruit quickly, but they multiply just as quickly. Their young growth begins to spread throughout the entire site. Then the fight against young plants begins.

4. Purchase of low-quality plants, re-grading.

Most newbies trust sellers from garden centers, nurseries and shops, completely unaware of the quality of the material they offer. This is used by unscrupulous sellers, offering a sick and not viable plant.

How do you recognize such a seller?

Just start asking him various questions about the product and listen carefully to the answers. If:

- The seller tries to briefly tell you about all the plants or varieties that you were not interested in;

- Tries to show beautiful pictures, begins to praise the variety, without mentioning the peculiarities of planting, care, winter hardiness or resistance to diseases;

lilac

- You get the feeling that the seller is speaking a memorized text;

- Names some exotic names or varieties that you have never heard,

then I recommend leaving such sellers.

One of my friends had such a case: she was offered to buy bamboo, claiming that it would take root perfectly in the Moscow region.To take root, then he would definitely take root, because it was not bamboo, but a cow parsnip. In this way, they also try to deceive newcomers by selling weeds for decent money.

Be careful not to completely trust the sellers. You can always check with a connoisseur or elsewhere about unknown varieties.

How to deal with scab on fruit trees

This year the summer was relatively cold and very wet. Many trees have suffered from this high humidity in the Moscow region. This explains the relatively early ripening of fruits and their fall.

healthy apples

If you look closely at the apple, you will notice a brown spot covered with white spots on most of them. With severe damage, the fruit can hang on a branch that is completely brown.

Such apples must be removed so that they do not spread the disease to other fruits and plants. The disease is called scab.

Another sign of the appearance of scab can be considered the presence of "fine dust" on the branches of a tree. To do this, just take a twig in your hand. If you get the feeling under your fingers that the branch is covered with dust, sand or sawdust, congratulations: the tree needs treatment.

What to do?

First of all, don't panic or make tough decisions. It is absolutely not worth cutting down and uprooting a tree.

After harvesting, completely spray the tree, along with branches and leaves containing honey. Personally, I have a lot of respect for the August drug. It has a quick effect. It is best to carry out the processing in calm weather, in the morning or in the evening (the main thing is not under the hot sun) and it is advisable to provide that it does not rain in the next 3 hours. It is also necessary to clear weeds and process the trunk circle.

I prefer to do the treatment in the morning, around 9-10 o'clock. The sun is already high, but not too hot yet, the night dew has dried up, the fog has disappeared.

Processing is carried out 2 times. With a break of 2 weeks. It is possible and a little less than 7-10 days, but it is impossible to repeat the treatment earlier than a week later.

cat on apple tree

How to tell if a plant has recovered?

- I will say right away that the dust will not disappear from the branches, but it will stop appearing on other branches.

- You will notice that there are fewer ants crawling along the branches.

- Next year, all branches will be completely clean.

What if the plant hasn't recovered?

Treat the affected apple tree with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture. It is imperative to track that the solution gets everywhere: on the branches, new buds, the trunk circle.

If the previous treatments did not help, then the solution did not get somewhere.

If it comes to treatment with such harsh "drugs" as Bordeaux mixture and

copper sulfate, then close pets and small children in the house in advance. These solutions are highly toxic and the beautiful blue color can attract babies.

Also, be sure to keep your safety precautions.

 

It is necessarily written on every package,

 

sold in stores.

Kizil - a new discovery in the suburbs

For a long time I love the fruits of dogwood, both raw and in the form of jam or jelly.

Therefore, when I saw dogwood seedlings at one of the gardening nurseries, I could not pass by.

So in my garden near Moscow there were several bushes of my favorite berries. In addition to the fact that this bush is stunningly beautiful at any time, its fruits have a huge number of medicinal properties.

Yes, I know, dogwood is not very common in the Moscow region. Why dont know. Personally, I did not plant it just because until that moment I had never met seedlings anywhere.

Dogwood in the suburbs

What does dogwood look like?

The first thing that can be said about a plant is a bush. It grows to about 2 meters in height. Nursing and planting does not require too much knowledge and skills. Any novice gardener who is familiar with the rules for planting shrubs can easily cope with this business, but I will talk about this below.

There are also standard dogwood varieties. I can’t say anything about them - I don’t recognize standard plants in my garden.

For this, I have not very suitable conditions in the country: either strong winds blow, then there is little snow, then, in summer, there is a lot of direct sunlight. We have practically no shadow, and for standard plants - all this is not a very "inspiring" proposal.

I want to warn you right away that the root system of the dogwood is shallow, so it is important to be especially careful when weeding and loosening the soil in the future. They go deeply by about 120 cm, but lateral roots can be found already at a depth of 15-20 cm.

The crop, like most fruit plants, is harvested annually. Therefore, it is necessary to make all the dressing in the fall or early spring.

Where to plant?

Cornel grows superbly on loose, well-fertilized soils. The soil around the bush must be mulched with grass, peat or sawdust. Respects lightly shaded areas best.

Watering is plentiful and regular.

Dogwood hibernates perfectly, calmly withstanding up to -32C (There are no more severe frosts in the Moscow region), so I can't say more precisely.

For the plant to be well pollinated, it is best to have 2-3 bushes for cross-pollination. This will give better results than self-pollination of one bush. It is believed that the dogwood uses the possibility of self-pollination under unfavorable conditions for its own survival and reproduction, therefore, if you want to harvest full-fledged crops, plant at least 2 bushes.

I have been using fertilizers for a long time

complex fertilizer "Apion"

, which I like for the convenience of its introduction, the presence of all trace elements at the same time. The soil itself absorbs the right amount of fertilizers needed for the plant and I can be calm throughout the entire time: the plant will receive its entire set - I can not control this process.

Useful properties of dogwood

As I already wrote, this plant is very useful for humans.

1.

       

It has a very high content of vitamin C, which the body needs in case of fatigue or stress. Much more, in currants or gooseberries, but slightly lower than in gumi or sea buckthorn.

2.

       

Antizingovye sv-va, which is especially useful for the gums.

4.

       

Dogwood fruits are used for prophylaxis in places where there is a danger of mercury and lead poisoning.

5. It is often used for gastrointestinal diseases.