What varieties of apples are grown in the Volgograd region?

Duc there is more often written about how the variety feels in other regions. One and the same variety in Volgograd, Moscow region and in the Kuban is something different.

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Well, I proceeded from what I have in the garden. Those. all these varieties grow well and almost all bear fruit (with the exception of very young trees)

Yandykovka? I'm thinking of taking her too ...

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Yes, I sealed myself and corrected it right away, but you did notice))))

But you need to be more careful with Yandykovka. Since the variety is of national selection, there is some variation of the variety, according to the ripening period. The variety is prone to scab disease. But timely processing solves the problem. And so the apples are delicious. At the very 2nd year of the current bears fruit. By the way, the tree bore fruit for a long time already in the 3rd year, the fruits really do not last long. But we eat them almost immediately.

And how does Jonathan live with you - is he not sick? Does it lie well in winter? Jonathan and Golden are kind of pollinators for each other - you probably have good yields because of this? And Starkrimson is interested: they write that he is sick and unstable, and the skin is thick, but how is he with you?

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Jonathan causes only positive emotions! Winters well (the tree is already mature). Sometimes (after a wet spring) it is affected by powdery mildew. But after processing everything becomes good). Lies very well! In the cellar of the garage lies until May. Over time, the apples shrivel, but they almost do not lose their taste. Golden Delicious just planted, precisely because of the taste and the presence of an adult Jonathan tree.
In general, Starkrimson is doing well with me and does not have scab or powdery mildew. The tree itself is not very tall, but the yield is excellent.
Sometimes they are all eaten up by aphids))) But timely processing saves.

———- The message was added on 07/19/2015 19:29 ———-

are they all red?

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Golden Delicious and conditionally Jonagold are green.

By the way, Simerenko is a good variety, but for me Golden Delicious is tastier. My simerenko disappeared in the garden without explanation. Dried after the summer, something with roots probably.

It is very interesting - what good varieties of vegetables are now grown in the Volgograd region? Below is a list of vegetable crops according to Soviet literature data for 1967. Write in the comments, what are you growing now?

VOLGOGRAD REGION
Zones of the region and distribution by zones of administrative districtsI. Right-bank on ordinary and southern chernozems... Districts: Alekseevsky, Danilovsky, Elansky, Kikvidzensky, Kumylzhensky, Mikhailovsky, Nekhaevsky, Novoanninsky, Novonikolaevsky, Rudnyansky and Uryupinsky.

II. Right bank on chestnut and dark chestnut soils... Districts: Zhirnovsky, Ilovlinsky, Kamyshinsky, Kletsky, Kotovsky, Olkhovsky, Serafimovichsky, Surovikinsky, Frolovsky and Chernyshkovsky.
III. Right-bank on light chestnut and brown soils... Districts: Dubovsky, Kalachevsky, Kotelnikovsky, Oktyabrsky and Svetloyarsky.
IV. Left bank on chestnut and light chestnut soils... Districts: Bykovsky, Leninsky, Nikolaevsky, Pallasovsky, Sredneakhtubinsky and Staropoltavsky.

Varietal zoning by crops
Winter wheat... Zones I and II: mid-early - Odessa 3; mid-season - Mironovskaya 808; in addition, for pure vapors of zone I - mid-early — Bezostaya I. Zones III and IV: mid-early - Odessa 3, Lutescens 230.

Winter rye... By region: Kharkiv 55, Kharkiv 194.

Spring wheat... Zone I: early maturing - Albidum 43; mid-season - Saratovskaya 36, ​​Kharkovskaya 46, Melyanopus 26.Zone II: early maturing - Albidum 43; mid-season - Saratovskaya 36, ​​Kharkovskaya 46, Melyanopus 26; without primary seed production - Meljanopus 1932. Zones III and IV: early maturing - Albidum 43; mid-season - Saratovskaya 36, ​​Melyanopus 26, Melyanopus 1932.

Oats... Zones I and II: Lgovsky 1026, Soviet. Zones III and IV: Soviet.

Spring barley... By region: Yuzhny, Submedicum 199.

Millet... In the region: Saratov 853, Skorospeloe 66.

Buckwheat... For buckwheat cultivation areas: Bogatyr.

Peas... By region: Ramonsky 77.

Lentils... Zone I: Petrovskaya 4/105.

Chickpea... Zone I: for areas of chickpea cultivation - Yubileiny.

Sunflower... Zones I and II: Leader, Lighthouse.

Mustard... In the region: Zheltosemyannaya 230, Skorospelka.

Oil flax... Zones I and II; VIR 1650.

Sugar beet... By region: Ramonskaya 06, Yaltushkovsky hybrid.

Makhorka... For areas of makhorka cultivation: Volgograd, Slepukhinskaya local.

Potato... Zones I and II: for spring and summer plantings - early maturing — early Kharkov, Early rose, Ulyanovsk; mid-season -
Southerner. Zone III: for spring and summer plantings - early maturing - Kharkiv early, Early rose; mid-season - Southerner. Zone IV: for spring and summer plantings - early maturing - Kharkiv early, Early rose, Volzhsky; mid-season - Southerner.

White cabbage... In the region: early maturing - Number one Gribovskiy 147; mid-early - Golden hectare 1432; mid-season - Slava 1305; mid-late - Gift; late ripening - Amager 611, Posopskaya local; in addition, for zones I and II - mid-early - Stakhanovka 1513; mid-late - Autumn Gribovskaya 320; for zone IV - mid-season - Slava Gribovskaya 231; late ripening - Volgograd 42. For the canning industry. In the region: Number one Gribovskiy 147, Braunschweigskaya 423, Volgogradskaya 42, Gift, Posopskaya local, Amager 611.

Red cabbage... By area: Gako.

Cauliflower... By region: Moscow cannery; for the canning industry - Moscow canning, Domestic.

Savoy cabbage... In the area: Vertyu 1340, Jubilee 2170.

Brussels sprouts... By area: Hercules.

Salad... By region: Berlin yellow, Pervomaisky.

Spinach... By region: Victoria.

Sorrel... By area: Belleville.

Rhubarb... By region: Victoria.

Cucumbers... By area: Success 221, Yielding 86; for the canning industry - Success 221; for greenhouses - Multiparous VSHV, Single-stem 33.

Tomatoes... Zones I, II and III: Kolkhozny 34, Moldavian early, Volgograd 5/95. Zone IV: Early Moldavian, Jewel 341, Volgograd 5/95. For the canning industry. In the region: Moldavian early, Rybka 52; in addition, for zone I - Volgogradsky 5/95; for zone II - Akhtubinsky 85, Volgogradsky 5/95; for zone IV - Jewel 341, Akhtubinsky 85, Volgogradsky 5/95. For greenhouses: in the winter-spring turnover - the Ural multiparous; in the autumn-winter turnover - the Ural multifruit, the Best of all 318.

Onions on a turnip... Biennial crop from sevka. By region: local Strigunovsky; in addition, for the IV zone - Bessonovsky local. Annual seed culture. By region: Kaba, Krasnodar G-35, Kilinchinsky local; in addition, for zones I and II - Strigunovsky local. For the canning industry. By region: Kaba, Johnson 4, Kilinchinsky local.

Bow on a green feather... By area: batun, chives.

Onions - forcing culture... In the region: shallots - Kuban yellow D-322.

Garlic... By region: the best local varieties.

Table carrot... In the region: Nantes 4, Biryuchekutskaya 415; in addition, for the IV zone - Incomparable. For the canning industry. In the region: Nantes 4, Biryuchekutskaya 415.

Table beet... In the region: Donskaya flat 367, Bordeaux 237; for the canning industry - Bordeaux 237.

Radish... By area: Rubin.

Parsley... By region: Sugar, Bordovik, Ordinary leaf.

Parsnip... By area: Round.

Celery... By region: Apple.

Shelling peas... By area: for the canning industry - Early brain 14, Early brain 199, Winner G-33, Excellent 240, Belladonna 136, Fighter 2040.

Sweet pepper... In the region: Novocherkassky 35, Maikop 470; for the canning industry - Bulgarian 79.

Hot pepper... In the region: Astrakhan 147.

Eggplant... By area: Universal 6; for the canning industry - Universal 6, in addition for II and IV zones - Canning 10.

Watermelon... By region: Winner 395, Bykovsky 22, Melitopolsky 142, Melitopol 143, Volzhsky 7.

Melons... In the region: Kolkhoz woman 749/753, Bykovskaya 735, Kazachka 244, Rimma 89; in addition, for the III zone - Jubilee 66, Moldavian autumn.

Pumpkin... In the region: Volzhskaya gray 92, Almond 35.

Zucchini... By region: Gribovskie 37.

Corn... By region: for grain and silage - mid-early hybrids DV 19/216 TV, Dneprovsky 98; mid-season - hybrid VIR 42 (VIR 42M); for irrigation - mid-season - hybrid VIR 42 (VIR 42M); within the needs of the food industry - early maturing - Severodakot; mid-season - Rosenberg local. In addition, for the IV zone during irrigation: for grain and silage - late ripening - hybrid VIR 156 (VIR 156T); for silage - late-ripening - Imereti hybrid.

Sorghum for grain... Zones II and IV: Kuban red 1677.

Sudanese grass... In the region: Kamyshinskaya 541, sorghum-Sudanese hybrid - Kamyshinsky 530.

Panic... By region: Dnepropetrovsk 31.

Sorghum for silage... By region: Early Dnepropetrovsk amber; in addition, for zones I and IV: Kamyshinskoe I.

Alfalfa... Zones I and II: Zaykevich, Leninskaya local. Zones III and IV: Leninskaya local, Krasnokutskaya 4009. By region: during irrigation - Zaykevich, Leninskaya local, Valuiskaya local.

Sainfoin... Zone I and II: Sandy 1251.

Zhitnyak... By region: Kamyshinsky I, Kamyshinsky 2.

Awnless bonfire... Zone I: for fodder crop rotations - Morshansk 760.

Fodder carrots... In the area: Chantenay 2461, Guéranda.

Fodder beet... By area: Eckendorf yellow.

Fodder watermelons... In the region: Brodsky 37-52, Dishim.

Fodder pumpkin... By region: Large-fruited I.

Fodder squash... By region: Gribovskie 37.

Literature: Catalog of zoned varieties of agricultural crops of the RSFSR, Kolos Publishing House, Moscow - 1967.

Vegetables section guideP.S. Write to us in the comments, and what old varieties do you grow?

First of all, we will talk about those varieties of summer apple trees that can actually be found in Volgograd nurseries and stores. After all, it is among them that our fellow countrymen usually choose apple trees for themselves.

The first summer apples are delicious. Tear it off the tree, wipe it off your shirt and crunch. Juicy, sweet. And what kind of summer apple trees make nice pies and compotes, just wow. But not all summer apple trees are suitable for juices. Let's talk about them

Description, photos of summer varieties of apple trees and my reviews Comparative table of summer varieties of apple trees

Description, photos of summer varieties of apple trees, my reviews

Spring

The early summer apple variety "Vesna" is not very widespread in our area. Meanwhile, the variety is interesting. Vesna apples ripen in June. In our garden, this is the earliest apple tree, apples ripen even before the white filling. The apples are round, small (up to 110 g), whitish-yellow with a raspberry-red blush. The skin on the fruit is thin and tender. The taste is not spicy, not bright, but so fresh, pleasant, delicate. Apples of this variety are perfect for small children. With us, they matured just when the baby was 7 months old. At first I rubbed them for him, and then I looked - he himself was happy to procrastinate them. They are not hard, not soft, of the desired consistency. The pulp is white, dense, juicy, sweet. Variety "Vesna" has high winter hardiness and disease resistance. The descriptions claim a high yield.

This apple tree is still young in our country, so we cannot say anything about the yield of the tree in adulthood from our personal experience. But we can quite confirm that the variety is winter-hardy and resistant to diseases.Here the apple tree showed itself to be fast-growing - it fruited in the third year from planting. Ours is now 5 years old, the harvest is modest - perhaps because it grows behind our house in the shade, there the sun is only until lunchtime. Of the minuses - no compote from her, her husband does not like her. But not a single apple of Spring has disappeared from us, children eat them, not always waiting for full maturity, because these are the earliest apples, they are watching over them.

White filling

(other variety names: papirovka, alabaster, Baltic)

Leading early summer variety, widespread in Russia. The tree is medium-sized, with a broad-pyramidal crown at a young age, which gradually becomes rounded. Fruiting is concentrated on the ringlets. Fruits are of medium size (larger on young trees), rounded-conical, usually with well-visible wide ribs. There is a heterogeneity in the shape of the fruit. Fruit color without blush, greenish-yellow, covered with a whitish bloom in the phase of removable maturity. The subcutaneous punctures are numerous, large, greenish or whitish. The skin is thin, tender, smooth, dry. The pulp of the fruit is white, friable, tender, coarse-grained, juicy enough at optimum maturity, sweet and sour taste with excess acid, with a weak aroma. When overripe, the pulp becomes mealy. In Volgograd, "White filling" ripens in early July. The fruits are ready to eat immediately after removal. They are stored for no more than 2-3 weeks. Due to the fact that the fruits of the "White filling" have no integumentary color, and the skin is very thin, darkened spots from pressing and impacts are very strongly manifested on them. Transportability is low. The early maturity is high. Trees on seed stock begin to produce a marketable harvest 4-5 years after planting in two years. The variety has an average yield due to the sharp periodicity in fruiting. It is characterized by a relatively high winter hardiness. Scab resistance of fruits and leaves is average.

Advantages of the variety: early ripening of fruits, early entry into fruiting.

Disadvantages of the variety: periodicity of fruiting, lack of cover color in fruits, poor transportability.

According to our observations, the yield at the hoo tree. Yes, there is a periodicity, but in our country it looked like this: in one year there are just a lot of apples, and in another - well, a lot. For food, these first apples go "with a bang", the compote from them is delicious. Pies are welcome. On the market, these first apples go "with a whistle". But juice ... in our opinion, this variety is not suitable for juices.

Melba

(in common people - Melba)

Melba is a very popular and widespread variety in our area. Deservedly popular, I must say. Such delicious beautiful apples, you will rock. We consider her the summer queen of the garden. Well, in order. First, about what scientific sources write about this variety.

The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown.

Fruits are of medium or above average size, flattened, round-conical in shape. The skin is smooth, delicate, covered with a waxy bloom. The main color is light green, the integumentary color is in the form of an intense red striped blush, which occupies about half of the surface of the fruit. The pulp is snow-white, tender, juicy, with a strong candy aroma, excellent sweet and sour taste.

Melba fruits are suitable for making compotes.

The fruits tolerate transportation relatively well for a summer variety and can be stored in a refrigerator until November, and sometimes until January.

The variety is very fast-growing. With good care, trees begin to produce a marketable crop 4-5 years after planting.

The yield is high. In the VNIISPK garden for the first six years of fruiting (starting from the 6th year after planting), the average yield was 93 centners per hectare when placing trees 8 x 3 meters. Full-grown trees, when placed 7 x 7 meters, gave higher yields (120-180 c / ha). Young trees bear fruit annually, old trees periodically.

A variety of medium winter hardiness. Fruit resistance to scab is average. In some years, scab causes significant damage.

Advantages of the variety: high early maturity, productivity, good commercial and consumer qualities of the fruit.

Disadvantages of the variety: susceptibility of fruits to scab, insufficiently high winter hardiness, a tendency to periodic fruiting.

We do not have this apple tree sick, despite the fact that the official characteristics of the variety say only the average resistance to scab. In the same sources they write about the average winter hardiness of "Melba", but here she went through the winters well, did not complain. Removable ripeness of fruits from "Melba" in the Volgograd region occurs in July-August. The pies from her are excellent, the compotes and jam are delicious. Note that unripe melba gives juice well when the apples are hard. And the ripe juice does not want to give, in the juicer it turns into porridge, the cake leaves raw, you have to "distill" it several times. It's much better to eat these apples fresh. Apples are very tasty, fragrant, and even beautiful. We can neither confirm nor deny the "official data" that Melba apples are stored until November-January, because we eat them until September. But we are obliged to note the good keeping quality of Melba apples for summer varieties. Our harvest does not disappear, we always have time, slowly, to eat and process everything. We strongly recommend this variety to the inhabitants of our region.

Yandykovskoe

The trees are medium-sized. Apples are medium and large, rounded flattened, yellow-green with a strong integumentary red blush, dessert taste.

Apples are suitable for fresh consumption, as well as for juicing and making dried apples.

Fruits are relatively firmly adhered to the tree until removable maturity. With a slight delay in picking, the fruits can stay on the tree without changing their taste.

Duration of storage is 1-2 weeks depending on storage conditions.

The variety is self-fertile, needs pollinators, of which the best are Anis aliy, Avgustovskoe, Iyulskoe Chernenko.

Trees begin to bear fruit in the 5th year after planting. They live and bear fruit for 80-120 years and bring a marketable crop. With full fruiting, the average yield per tree is 200 kg. The productivity of the variety is relatively high, according to long-term average data it is 150-170 c / ha. With high yields, there is a periodicity in fruiting. However, with good nutrition and water supply, the cultivar tends to bear fruit annually.

In the northern regions of the Volgograd region, trees of the Yandykovskoye variety can freeze under severe winters, the variety is distinguished by a relatively high drought resistance.

Apple trees of the Yandykovskoe variety are moderately resistant to powdery mildew. Almost not damaged by scab in our dry and hot climate of the Volgograd region. "Officially" the following advantages of the variety are highlighted: high ecological adaptability to hot climates and frequent dry winds; high yield and excellent taste of the fruit, which are combined with a beautiful appearance and attractive elegant color. Disadvantages of the variety: short shelf life after harvesting; in the humid regions of the south, prophylaxis against scab diseases is required. The variety is recommended in breeding as a source for obtaining high-quality fruit with high-quality summer ripening.

Darling

In more northern regions, the Chosen apple variety is considered autumn, but in Volgograd it ripens in August, following Melba in the garden apple "conveyor".

The tree is medium-sized, with a strong crown.

Apples are of a higher average size, flattened-rounded, with slightly pronounced ribbing. The color is yellow, integumentary - in the form of bright red strokes on a blurred background on most of the fruit.

The pulp is creamy, fine-grained, tender, juicy, very good sour-sweet taste. High palatability is due to the harmonious combination of sugar and acid in the fruit.

The fruits retain their valuable qualities until October-November.

The beginning of fruiting is at 6-7 years. The yield is high.

Winter hardiness of trees is high, resistance against scab "according to official data" is average, but in the Volgograd climate it is above average.

Quinty

The tree is medium-sized.

Apples of the Quinti variety are of medium size, and with a small yield, they are large, round and elongated-conical in shape. In removable maturity, the main color of the fruit is greenish-yellow, and the integumentary color is a dark red or orange-red blush with a raspberry tinge. The pulp is greenish when removed, and at full maturity with a creamy tint, dense, juicy, sweet and sour, of a pleasant good taste. The blocks are fragrant.

In Volgograd, they ripen in July and are classified as early summer varieties. Harvesting maturity coincides with the consumer fruit ripeness.

The transportability of the fruits is average. When transported over long distances, the marketability of the fruit is significantly reduced. The fruits can be stored for no more than ten days.

The variety is self-fertile, needs pollinators

Trees begin to bear fruit early. The yield is 102-120 kg per tree. Fruiting is regular.

Average winter hardiness. Drought resistance and heat resistance of the variety are relatively high. The cultivar is sensitive to scab and extremely resistant to powdery mildew.

Superprecos

Early summer variety. The tree is medium-sized. In Volgograd, Superprekos apples ripen in July.

The apples are small and medium 70-80 g. The main color at the time of harvesting is light green, the integumentary color is dark pink or bright carmine striped or blush from merging stripes with many red and pink dots. When ripe, the main color turns to straw yellow. The skin is thin.

The pulp is pale yellow, sweet and sour, slightly aromatic, dense, juicy.

The fruits do not fall off after ripening. If Superprekos apples are re-hoisted on the tree for longer than their removable period, they become dryish, but the taste does not deteriorate. The fruits are very transportable and capable of a sufficiently long maturation (they can lie in the refrigerator from 20 to 60 days without losing their taste).

The annual yield is high. The variety loves frequent and abundant watering. The variety is prone to crop overload due to the thickening of the crown with overgrown branches and the abundance of the ovary. As a result, the fruits become very shallow. Fruit ripening is uneven, it is better to harvest the crop in two or three steps.

Relatively resistant to disease. Powdery mildew and brown spot are weakly affected, scab - moderately, the fruits crack from scab.

The trees are relatively winter-hardy, frost-resistant, drought-resistant, unpretentious to soils, very responsive to good care.

Prima

The tree is vigorous. In Volgograd, Prima apples ripen in August.

The apples are medium in size, medium flattened, rounded. The color is pale yellow with a solid red blush. The pulp is light creamy, tender, juicy, with a pleasant sour-sweet taste.

Apples to removable maturity can crumble from the wind with a shortage of soil and air moisture.

Duration of storage is 1-2 months. Fruit transportability is high.

Apples are suitable for fresh consumption and for processing: in juices, purees, compotes, dried fruits.

The best pollinators: Welsey, Kuban spur, Alenushkino.

Trees of the Prima variety are early-growing, begin to bear fruit at 3-4 years, fruiting is not sharply periodic. The productivity of the variety under normal conditions is 250 kg / ha and more.

Winter hardiness of the Prima variety is average.

Prima cultivar has a scab immunity gene Vf. Susceptible to powdery mildew.

Glory to the winners

The tree is vigorous. In Volgograd, Glory to the Winners apples ripen in the second half of August.

Apples of the "Glory to the Winners" variety are large and medium, beautiful, round or slightly conical in the upper part. The main color when removed is light greenish with a solid red blush. Apples must be removed in a timely manner, because the fruits quickly overripe, do not hold well during ripening. The pulp is white, slightly creamy, very tender, juicy, aromatic, with an excellent sweet and sour taste.

Fruits are stored from 2 weeks to 2 months.

The "Glory to the Winners" variety is self-fertile. The best pollinators: Borovinka, Vadimovka, Melba.

Trees begin to bear fruit on weak vegetative rootstocks at 4-5 years. In the first years, fruiting is regular, later - with a frequency strongly determined by the level of the agricultural background.

The productivity of the variety is high or medium.

The variety is winter-hardy, but drought resistance is low.

There is an opinion that this variety is more effective in the Kuban than in the Volgograd region.

Comparative table of summer varieties of apple trees

UDC 634.1: 631.527 2008
Authors: Kondratyeva G.V. *, Sorokina I.K., ** Cand. s.-kh. sciences
* Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilova;
** Research and Production Enterprise "Experimental Gardening Station", Saratov

In 2000-2007. In various zones of horticulture in the Lower Volga region, a variety study of 44 new apple varieties obtained from different crossing options was carried out.Most of the studied varieties showed high adaptive potential under these conditions. The firstborn of Rtishchev (1995), Khvalynskoe and Paskhalnoe (2008) are included in the State Register for the Saratov Region. Firstborn Rtischeva and Sovkhoznoye are recommended for inclusion in the State Register for the Volgograd Region.

In 2000-2007 in various gardening areas of the Lower Volga Region a study of 44 new apple trees varieties was performed. Most of the studied varities under the given conditions have displayed high adaptability potential. Pervenets Rtisheva (1995), Hvalinskoe and Pashalnoe (2008) are included into the State register in Saratov region. Pervenets Rtisheva and Sovhoznoe are recommended for including into the State register in Volgograd region.

The garden should consist of economically profitable and ecologically plastic (with high adaptive potential) varieties: drought-resistant, winter-hardy, scab and powdery mildew resistant, productive, with high quality fruits.

Many varieties introduced into the State Register for the Saratov Region do not meet the market requirements. At the moment, the best in terms of economic indicators are: Berkutovskoe, Pervenets Rtischeva (winter period of consumer maturity of fruits), from the group of summer varieties on the market Malt Bagaevsky, Rosovoe excellent; from autumn - Zhigulevskoe, Rossoshanskoe striped.

To update the apple assortment, it is necessary to introduce into the State Register of new promising adaptive varieties that surpass the zoned ones in terms of basic breeding and economic indicators.

The objects of research were 44 new varieties isolated from the hybrid fund of the breeder G.V. Kondratyeva. Variety testing was carried out in various horticultural zones of the Saratov and Volgograd regions.

Studied the nature of the passage of phenophases, drought resistance, frost resistance, resistance to diseases and pests, the time of entry into fruiting, yield, quality of fruits of new varieties and hybrids in accordance with generally accepted methods of selection and variety study.

The apple cultivars differed in the time of passage of the phenological phases. Out of 44 varieties, 8 started growing at a sum of temperatures above +50 C, equal to 1450C, 20 - when reaching 1590C, and 2 - at 1970C.

The earliest flowering varieties include seven varieties: Pervenets Rtischeva, Paskhalnoe, 1-4-50, 1-26-65, 3-5-25, Rtischevskaya beauty. Late blooming forms: 3-5-15, 1-26-49, 1-26-51, the latest - 1-7-115.

Late-flowering varieties benefit from frequent spring frosts.

The end of shoot growth falls on the third decade of June (June 21-25), which corresponds to the dates of the end of growth of endemic varieties of the Saratov Volga region: Malta Bagaevsky and Anisov, however, seven forms finished growing a week earlier.

Differences in the end of the growing season were 10-15 days. Before frost, leaf fall occurred in the following varieties: 1-4-24, Easter, 3-5-62, with a sum of temperatures of 33390C. All other samples did not have time to shed their leaves before the onset of frost, which is typical for other varieties of the winter period of consumer maturity of fruits included in the State Register for the Saratov and Volgograd regions.

All the studied varieties in terms of the degree of freezing of organs and tissues corresponded to the level of the zoned assortment.

High frost resistance of shoot tissues after freezing at - 35 ° C (up to 2 points) was shown by: Malta Rtischevsky, Spornoye, Krypnoe Rtischeva, Renet Gromova, Berkutovskoye; above average (2.1-3.5 points) - Naryadnoe Rtischeva, Pervenets Rtischeva, Sovkhoznoye; average (3.6-5 points) - Autumn Rtischeva, Smile Rtischev, Winter Victoria.

As for drought resistance, according to the results of laboratory wilting of leaves, the following varieties were distinguished by a higher water-holding capacity: Large Rtishcheva, Yarkiy, Karakozovskoe, Paskhalnoe, Sovkhoznoe (Table 1).

Tab. 1. Water-holding capacity of leaves of promising apple varieties and hybrids

In terms of resistance to fungal diseases, the studied cultivars were at the level of the zoned assortment.

Thus, in terms of adaptability to the conditions of the Lower Volga region, no significant differences were found between the studied varieties and control varieties of the State Register of the Saratov and Volgograd regions. Resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors was either at the level or higher than in the control varieties.

A group of varieties with a small crown volume and requiring lower costs for tree pruning and harvesting, which can be used in the selection of intensive apple varieties, has been identified (Table 2).

In economic terms, preference is given to early-growing varieties, which tend to lay generative buds on a one-year growth.

A group of early-growing varieties that begin to bear fruit in the third or fifth years (31 varieties in total): Yolochnoe, Sladost, Khvalynskoe, Solnyshko, Slastena, Marmeladka, Sovkhoznoe, etc.

A group of varieties with average periods of fruiting: Gubernskoe, Nadyadnoe Rtischeva, Zagadka, Mirovoe, Resistant, Konopushka, Osennee Rtischeva, Disputed, Zabavnoe Rtischeva, Smile Rtischeva, Kandil Rtischevsky, Renet Gromova, Sharovidnoe, Rich, Pyat.

As a result of calculating the coefficient of the frequency of fruiting, the studied varieties are distributed in 3 groups.

Annually fruiting (periodicity coefficient - less than 40%) 18 varieties: Marmeladka, Zagadka, Karakozovskoe, Zimnee Rtischeva, Sovkhoznoe, Large Rtischeva, Rtischevskaya Krasavitsa, Nezametnoe, Konopushka, Presnoe, Unique, Stable, Mirovoe, Odnorodnoe, Sladochnoye The firstborn of Rtishchev.

Irregularly fruiting (41-75%) varieties: Kandil Rtischevsky, Melkoye, Renet Zeleny.

A sharp frequency of fruiting (more than 75%) was shown by 25 varieties: Ulybka Rtischeva, Sosedskoe, Spornoye, Sinap Rtischevsky, etc.

The leading indicators are the marketable and consumer value of fruits, yield, content of biologically active substances in fruits.

According to this complex of characteristics, the following varieties were identified: Sovkhoznoe, Karakozovskoe, Rtischevskaya Krasavitsa, Paskhalnoe, Khvalynskoe, Naryadnoe Rtischeva, Large Rtischeva, Renet Gromova, Gubernskoe, which significantly exceed the zoned assortment of the region.

In terms of keeping quality of its fruits, Easter is not inferior even to the North Sinap, but it significantly surpasses this variety in terms of fruit quality (color, vkys).

Tab. 2. Distribution of apple varieties by crown volume (VOS VIR)

Rtischevskaya Krasavitsa, Large Rtischeva, Zabavnoe surpass all known varieties of the summer-autumn group in terms of fruit size (up to 250 g); Nine varieties surpassed the high-vitamin variety Berkutovskoye in terms of the content of vitamin C in fruits (Table 3).

Tab. 3. Economic and biological characteristics of promising apple varieties

Thus, the varieties of the Saratov selection may well be recommended for use in various horticultural zones of the Volga region: the Right Bank and the Trans-Volga region, the Saratov region, even in more arid regions of the Lower Volga region, such as the Volgo-Akhtubinskaya Poyma.

Most of the studied varieties showed high adaptive potential under these conditions. Varieties Pervenets Rtischeva (1995), Khvalynskoe and Paskhalnoe (2008) are included in the State Register for the Saratov Region, and Pervenets Rtischeva and Sovkhoznoye were recommended for inclusion in the State Register for the Volgograd Region.