Gardening lessons The gardener Valentina Aleksandrovna Nagumanova advises
Not every apple, pear, plum ... will grow and bear fruit well in our region. It is no coincidence that when writing out seedlings from afar, we then wonder why they do not have fruits for a long time, or why they are too small or sour. The fact is that the districts of the Krasnodar Territory are located in different climatic zones. Our southeastern part of the Kuban has its own characteristics, in which certain varieties of garden plants grow and bear fruit best. In her nursery, gardener Valentina Aleksandrovna Nagumanova has picked up a collection of just such varieties for several years. Moreover, she focuses on plants that are disease resistant and require minimal treatments.Six cherry weeksI will start my story with cherries, as this tree begins to bear fruit first. Sweet cherry is the most ancient form of cherry and, in general, one of the most ancient fruit plants that man has cultivated. It has been cultivated for 8000 years.
Since cherries of different varieties ripen for six weeks from May to July, this period was given the beautiful name "Six Cherry Weeks".What are the typical requirements for cherries? The density of the skin, color, sugar content are considered. There are berries that are easy to choke, and there are those with a dense skin that tolerate transportation well. Cherry tastes soft, juicy, gristly, sweet, sweet and sour. In color - pink and scarlet, dark red and black, yellow and yellow-pink. The size of the berry varies greatly. From small 5-6 grams to large 15 grams. Cherries must be harvested with a petiole so that they can be stored longer. I will talk about those varieties of cherries that grow well and bear fruit in our zone.Earliest variety - Uzbek Spring or Bakhor - ripens in the first week of May. It has a very large black berry. Although it is an Uzbek variety, it suits us well.Other early cherry varieties ripen from mid-May... These are Yaroslavna, Valery Chkalov, Farewell, Kavkazskaya improved. Their berries are dark red. They are disease resistant.In the first half of June, ripen: French black, Melitopol black, Riddle, Temp, Sorceress (dark red), Franz Joseph (pink), Sun, Amber (yellow), Scarlet (bright red).In late June - early July, the time for late varieties comessuch as Regina, Euphoria, Contrast, Lapins. Their berries are dark red.How to choose an apple tree for your garden?When people come to me and ask for seedlings of one early and one late varieties of apple trees, I understand how little it is. After all, there are a huge number of varieties of apple trees. And in our nursery, we grow those of them that grow best in our area - the southeast of the Krasnodar Territory, with its climatic features. 
More often than not, people choose with their eyes. First of all, they pay attention to the beauty of the fruit, then to its taste. In third place when choosing a variety is its resistance to diseases, so as not to apply a lot of treatments and not to be poisoned with chemicals. Personally, for my collection in the garden, I choose varieties that are not only tasty and beautiful. I always put their disease resistance first. After all, it is a disgrace when a tree needs to be processed dozens of times to get a good harvest. We have selected the appropriate collection and apple trees.Early varieties of apple trees, ripen in late June - early JulyIskra grade... He has beautiful raspberry apples, elongated, sweet.Variety Dawn. Apples of an elongated cylindrical shape, burgundy color, sweet and sour.Variety White sun. A good replacement for the old variety White filling. It has yellow fruits, sweet and sour.Fairy variety. His apples are green, like Simirenko's, but sweeter than those of White filling. Stored for almost a month.Summer varieties, ripen at the end of July - August
New variety Soyuz. The apples are crimson-red, very large, one fruit weighs 300-500 grams.They don't fit in the hand. Hang on a tree for a long time. Delicious, sweet and sour. Stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 months.Variety Williams. Apples of deep plum color with a waxy bloom. Sweet. They have a very interesting taste.Red fries variety. It is the parent form of many apple varieties such as Red Amber, Talisman, Dawn, all of which are disease resistant. His apples are burgundy, sweet. The only drawback of the variety is a very spreading crown.Chadl variety. Has bright red apples, sweet and sour.Variety Summer red. The apples are red, very large. Sweet and sour. It has a neat cylindrical crown that allows you to plant seedlings at a distance of 1 meter from each other. A very convenient variety for those who have little land.Late summer, autumn varieties, ripening at the end of August - SeptemberOrpheus variety. The apples are elongated, green with a raspberry barrel, sweet.Carmen variety. The apples are bright orange and sweet.New grade Autumn bulk. It was brought out by our North Caucasian Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. The apples are sweet. Fully ripe in September and becomes bright lemon in color with a red barrel. Very beautiful.
Japanese variety Mutsu. The apples are yellow, sweet, and resemble quince in shape. Stored until the new year.
Variety Memory of the Esaulu. The apples are green, elongated, sweet. Stored until the new year.Mascot grade. The apples are bright red, sweet and sour. Stored for two months and well transported.Variety Zori Kuban. The apples are pale pink, flattened, very large, and have a very pleasant original taste. Outwardly, a nondescript low tree, a dwarf, which allows you to plant seedlings at a distance of half a meter from each other. A very convenient variety for those who have little land.Variety Aport Ass. Apples are very large up to 500-700 gr. Each sweet and sour.Liberty variety. Apples are crimson until black. When plucked, it tastes sweet and sour, and after laying it becomes very sweet. Winter varieties that ripen in October and are stored for a long timeVariety Renet Kuban. An analogue of the Renet Simirenko variety. The apples are green, sweet and sour. More resistant to disease than Simirenko.Variety Golden crown. An analogue of the Golden Delicious variety (it is usually called a pear tree). The apples are greenish-yellow, sweet.Gold stream grade. The apples are yellow-orange, very sweet, stored until spring.Czech grade Topaz. The apples are bright red, sweet and sour, after a month they become very sweet. Under normal conditions, it is stored until February, and under special conditions, even longer.
Japanese variety Korah. The apples are green with a slight red blush, sweet, stored until spring.The pear must have a savory taste.- The taste of a pear cannot always be judged by its appearance, V.A. Nagumanov. - There are outwardly very beautiful fruits, but they taste like potatoes and potatoes. And nondescript pears can amaze you with their exquisite taste. I believe that a pear must have a unique, piquant taste. Then it will become a real delicacy and bring you joy. Of the early varieties, I would like to mention pear Early Sergeeva, named after the breeder of the North Caucasian Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. It ripens in June. The fruits are quite large in size - up to 200 grams, very beautiful, yellow with a red barrel, sweet. But the main time for pears is August. At this time, varieties such as Victoria, Starkrimson, Sonata, Santa Maria, Limonka... I will note Talgar beauty... Its fruits can hang on the tree and not deteriorate for up to a month and a half, ripening, become bright yellow in color, have dense flesh. But not everyone likes such hard pears, they want soft and juicy. Then you can offer a variety Grand Champion, which is also called "bronze pear". Its fruits are in the shape of a light bulb, nondescript in appearance, rusty green. But as soon as you try it, all negative emotions disappear. She has an original almond flavor, light astringency, juicy and tender fruits. This is the case when the appearance does not coincide with the internal content. The Grand Champion is one of the best pear varieties in August. Autumn pears begin in September. This season opens the cultivar Williams... We pluck it at the beginning of September, still green. Such an appearance sometimes scares off buyers. People often don't know that most pears are removed from the tree while they are still hard. After all, having ripened on a tree, they will fall and breakare beaten. Such pears are left to lie. The same Williams after a week of maturation becomes beautiful, amber yellow, sweet and unusually tasty. Pear varieties Bere Clergeau begins to bear fruit already in the year of planting. Its fruits are super large. They are also plucked in September while still green. After laying, they turn bright yellow with a red barrel and are sweet. They not only store well and are not afraid of transportation. The fruits of this pear have a very original unique taste.
The fruits of pear varieties can also be stored until spring. Conference... After two weeks of maturation, they become orange-yellow, soft and sweet. The winter pear variety is very long stored even in room conditions. Abbot Vettel... Its fruit has a strong siliceous shell. Thanks to this shell, it is stored for so long. The inside of the pear is tender, fragrant, and the sweetest pulp. Her taste is very spicy.
The plum must ripen on the treeUnlike the pear, the plum must ripen on the tree, where its full potential is revealed, the taste is fully manifested. There are also many varieties of plum. I'll start my story about them with hybrids. Russian plums, of which there are a great many. All of them are distinguished by large fruits, excellent yields, and disease resistance. There are early, middle and late varieties of Plum Russkaya. The color of the fruit also varies from pink to dark blue. Of these, I will especially note the variety the globethe plums of which are very large, dark blue. Hybrids also stand out Chinese plumof which the best varieties are Angelina and Fortune... Their fruits are very large, sweet and juicy. Plum varieties Black Star grow to the size of a fist. They are distinguished by their dense flesh. They are stored for a month and a half without a refrigerator. And in the refrigerator for up to 3 months. Of the usual plums, I will note the early variety Kabardian early, the fruits of which are the size of a chicken egg, sweet, tender, juicy. This plum is a natural dwarf, grows short, and is very resistant to disease. Among summer plums it is good Amber with large yellow fruits. Plum varieties Gigantic very large, teardrop-shaped, lilac-pink in color. They ripen in the summer, and can hang on the tree until the end of September. Ukrainian variety Nenka ripens in July, has the sweetest very large fruits of a dark blue color. This plum is not tall - a dwarf by nature. Kuban balladwhich ripens in August, the fruit is small in size, but very tasty and sweet. They make a great jam.Stanley - the best prune variety. The fruits ripen in late August and hang on the tree until mid-September.What should be cherries?In my opinion, the cherry should be large, sweet, maroon, and the tree itself should not be tall. I have included in my collection four ideal varieties, in my opinion.
Krasnodar sweet - a very early variety, ripening in early June. She's sweet and chunky. There is also an early variety Miracle cherry (Cherry) - a hybrid of cherry and cherry. It is very large, dark red, and has a sweet and sour taste. But she needs a pollinator. Spanish cultivar ripens in mid-June Erdi Botermo, very large, black, sweet and dwarf. Late cherry variety that ripens in late June - early July, Youth... Very productive - no leaves are visible from the berries. The tree is not tall. The berries are large and sweet.Our zone has its own apricotsThere are many varieties of apricots, but not all are suitable for our zone. They are influenced by the peculiarities of the climate, return frosts, plus apricots need a bee as a pollinator. After observing many varieties, I have identified the most suitable for our area, which bear fruit more often than others. Brotherly blooms late, but ripens very early - in early June. New Jersey... Differs in a very large fruit size - up to 200 gr. It is partially self-pollinated, which is a rare quality for apricots. That is, it is less dependent on the vagaries of the weather and the period of bees' emergence. Orlik Stavropol ripens next to New Jersey at the end of June. It has large enough fruits and is resistant to our temperature extremes.Peaches don't need a beeAll peaches are self-pollinated plants. They don't need a bee. This means that they depend less on the vagaries of the weather. For our zone, such early June varieties with large fruits as Memory of Simirenko and Sun Ray.In late July - early August, peaches of varieties ripen Rainbow and Golden Anniversary... Their fruits are very large with a perfectly separable stone. In the same period, such interesting varieties as White Swan and Gloria... The fruits of both are very large and juicy, only in the White Swan they have white flesh, and in Gloria - with bright red. At the end of August, peaches of the variety ripen Veteran... And in September - The Velvet season.Delicious exoticWho among the gardeners does not want to have something unusual, tasty, plus healthy on their site? I am also no exception. Several varieties of azimines, unabi, persimmons and figs have settled in my garden and are doing great. azimina, also called Nebraska banana or pao-pao... She perfectly tolerates our low temperatures, does not require any special conditions.
Its bark, leaves and fruits contain the substance aziminacin, which inhibits cancer cells. The tree is very beautiful decorative. It starts bearing fruit in the 5th year. Even if it is frozen, it recovers very quickly from the root. I was sent several of its seedlings a long time ago, I transplanted them, looked after them. Relatives laughed at me: “Well, where is your azimina? How soon will we wait for these unique fruits? ”In the sixth year of planting, she blossomed and bore fruit. Joy knew no bounds.
When the fruits grew, we decided to try them. But the taste did not please them and smelled very unappetizing. It turned out that you need to wait until they overripe and turn black. Time passed, and when I brought the ripe fruits home, put them in a vase, the room was filled with a magical aroma. Their taste is unique, unlike anything else.
In order for the azimina to bear fruit, you need to plant at least two genetically different trees. Several varieties of it grow in my azimine grove. In addition to the azimine, we have persimmon... At first I limited myself to the wild persimmon virginthat can withstand minus 35 degrees. Then she expanded her collection with varietal plants that also perfectly withstand our climatic features and do not need shelter.Kuban burgundy has fruits of an elongated shape, burgundy colors. Have Virginia large fruits weighing up to 100 grams. And at Russian women - 100-150 gr. Of course, if we compare our persimmon with the oriental persimmon, which we see in the bazaar, it does not compete with it in size. But our taste is sweeter. When you pluck their fruits from the tree in October, they taste very tart. They need to be brought into a warm room and left to lie down. After a week, they turn into transparent orange drops of the sweetest honey. Feels great in our climate Chinese date unabi or ziziphus... There are a great many varieties of them, both cultural and wild. They are not only tasty, but also useful for our health, normalize blood pressure. They are excellent as a decorative decoration of a garden and a green hedge.
Requires shelter for the winter figs... But he is very flexible. Don't let it grow vertically. Leave side branches. They bent it down, covered it with Lutrasil cloth, dug it in, pressed it with bricks, and that's it. Even if something is frozen, it will grow from the root. I feel great his varieties Crimean black and Turkish brown.
Sergey Sheptun Published in the Svet Mayakov newspaper
Apple tree seedlings are one of the most demanded types of fruit tree seedlings. You can buy apple trees that will delight you with a bountiful harvest both in our nursery and in the trade pavilion in the city of Krasnodar.
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