Growing vegetables in the Altai Territory
Most of all, cabbage is required for production. This is due to the great value of cabbage in cooking. This vegetable is used both in salads and in pickled form, canned, stewed, boiled, fried, as well as in medicine and cosmetology. Least of all, green crops are required for the production of vegetables, since they are used in dishes mainly as seasonings and spices, nevertheless, they are very necessary for humans.
The farm has protected ground:
winter greenhouses - 9000 m2
spring greenhouses - 3500 m 2.
In protected ground, it is necessary to grow cucumber - 16 tons, tomato - 25 tons, green - 9 tons.
3.Intended range of vegetables grown
Vegetable varieties for open field. Cauliflower is an annual plant. The root system is weak, fibrous, develops well in shallow soil layers. The cylindrical stem 16-70 cm high ends with a grocery organ - the head. The leaves are lyre-pinnate, lanceto - or ovoid, dark green or green with a lilac tint. The first ones are with petioles, the subsequent ones can be sessile. They are located horizontally or at an angle upward. In some varieties, the inner leaves of the rosette adhere tightly to the head, protecting it from yellowing.
The shape of the heads is different - from round to flat-round. In large heads, sometimes there are up to two thousand shoots. They begin to form after the formation of a powerful rosette of 20-30 leaves. After the phase of technical ripeness, the heads form flowering shoots with flowers and seeds. Flowering and seed formation is very uneven.
Of all types of cabbage, cauliflower is the most heat-demanding. At low air temperatures, the growth of heads is inhibited, and at very high temperatures, they form quickly, but become loose, acquire hairiness, anthocyanin pigmentation and a rough consistency. The optimum temperature for seed germination and plant growth is 15-22 ° C, although rosette leaves can withstand a decrease to 1.5 ° C. But when growing this culture, especially late varieties, it must be remembered that for a normal transition from a vegetative state to a generative one, the effect of low positive temperatures (vernalization stage) at a level of 8.12 ° C is necessary.
Cauliflower is a moisture and light-loving culture. Humidity of air and soil should correspond to 70-80%. Cauliflower is especially demanding for light in the initial period of growth: with a lack of light, the seedlings stretch out and become vulnerable to various diseases. Early harvests of cauliflower are obtained only in well-lit and sheltered areas where the soil warms up quickly. However, in such places, plants form a large leaf mass, and the heads are formed small. This culture works well on light loamy soils, as well as on sandy soils with a high humus content.
The duration of the growing season for early ripening varieties is 80 - 100, late ripening - 140 - 160 days.
In obtaining the harvest, the variety plays a huge role.
Cauliflower varieties:
Warranty. Medium early variety. The head is round - flat, fine-grained, white or cream, weight 210 - 470 g. N.N. Timofeeva ". Recommended for all regions of Russia.
Parisian. Mid-season. The rosette of leaves is vertical. The leaf is medium in size, light green, slightly bubbly, slightly wavy along the edge. The head is medium in size, round-flat, partially covered, whitish, dense. Head weight - 0.75 kg. The taste is good. Productivity - 2.5 kg / m 2. Recommended for cultivation in the summer - autumn period in all regions in private household plots.Brought out by the agrofirm "Poisk".
Mid-season cabbage is a biennial plant. In the first year of life, it forms a head of cabbage, and in the second - venerable shoots and seeds.
The leaves are alternate, large. The mass of the food organ is 2 ... 20 kg. The root system consists of numerous, deeply penetrating roots with a clearly visible taproot. Lateral roots develop mainly in a horizontal direction, extending beyond the rosette of leaves. The edible part is the head of cabbage, which is an overgrown apical bud with sessile white leaves tightly attached to one another. The shape, size and density of a head of cabbage can vary. The fruit is a pod. The growing season is 125 - 145 days. Heads of cabbage have high taste.
Cabbage ranks first among vegetable crops in gross yield.
Belorusskaya 455. For fermentation and short-term storage. The technical ripeness of the heads of cabbage occurs 130 - 150 days after the emergence of full shoots. Medium-sized rosette, compact, with raised leaves. The head of cabbage is dense, round and round - flat, weight 1.3 - 4.1 kg. Marketable yield - 47 - 79 t / ha. Grade value: excellent taste of fermented products. Bred by VNIISSOK. Recommended for all regions of Russia except the North Caucasus and Nizhnevlzhsky.
Sibiryachka 60. Recommended for fermentation and storage in the autumn - winter period. The technical ripeness of the heads occurs 140 - 150 days after the emergence of full shoots. The rosette of leaves is half-raised, 80 - 95 cm in diameter. The head of cabbage is rounded. Marketable yield - 90 t / ha. Brought out by the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station. Recommended for the Northern, Ural, West Siberian and Far Eastern regions of Russia.
Bulb onion is a perennial plant. Onion leaves are succulent tubular, covered with a waxy bloom. Their length reaches 40 - 60 cm. The grocery organ - the bulb - is a dormant plant form adapted to withstand drought and other unfavorable conditions. Depending on the variety, they can be of different sizes - from 50 g to 2 kg or more. The shapes are also varied - flat - rounded, round - oval, oval - elongated. Onions are cold-resistant crops, but plants grow better at higher to moderate temperatures.
Ermak. The growing season is 90 - 95 days. The shape of the bulb is round - oval. The color of dry scales is yellow. Bulb weight 200g. The taste is semi-sharp. Keeping quality is high. Productivity - 40 t / ha. Developed by the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station. Recommended for the Volga - Vyatka, West - Siberian and East - Siberian regions.
Annual Siberian. The variety is early maturing. The period from mass germination of seedlings to mass lodging of leaves is 60 - 97 days. The taste is semi-sharp. The bulb is round - flat, weight 40 - 50 g. The color of dry scales is yellow, juicy - white. The marketable yield of onions - turnips from seed sets is 17 - 28 t / ha. Developed by the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station. Recommended for the Volga - Vyatka, Ural, West Siberian regions of Russia.
Radish is an annual vegetable root vegetable that is the closest relative of the radish. After passing through the rosette phase, branching stems are formed in radish. The flowers are large, white or pink. The fruit is a pod. Radish is prized as an early crop. It has strongly dissected leaves with 3 - 5 pairs of lateral lobes. Radish root crops are characterized by various shapes and colors, weighing from 10 to 60 g.
The beauty of Altai. The variety is early maturing. The rosette of leaves is half-raised. The leaf blade is light green in color, lyre-dissected. The edge of the leaf is slightly wavy. The root crop is rounded red, with a thin skin and white flesh. The taste is semi-sharp. Tasting score - 4.9 points. The average weight of marketable root crops with spring sowing is 15 g, with summer sowing up to 45 g. Marketable yield is 2.2 kg / m 2. The ZSOOS has been removed.Recommended for all regions of Russia.
Virovsky white. The variety is early maturing. The root vegetable is white, sometimes light green or light lilac at the head, rounded smooth, weight is 20 - 29 g. The flesh is white, oily, tenderly juicy, of medium-sharp taste. The value of the variety: good taste, resistance to flowering, long-term preservation of commercial qualities. Bred by Pavlovsk OS VNIIR. Recommended for all regions of Russia.
Cucumber is an annual plant with a liana-like branching creeping stem up to 2 m long. The leaf arrangement is alternate, the leaf blades are solid, slightly lobed, five-angled. The root system is up to 1 m long, lies at a depth of 15 - 20 cm. Flowers are dioecious, cross-pollinated. The fruit of a cucumber is a false berry (pumpkin) with three to five seed chambers of various sizes, shapes, pubescence, color and pattern. The growing season of early-ripening cucumber varieties is less than 45 days, mid-ripening - 45-50 days, late-ripening - more than 50 days.
Altai. The variety is early maturing. It begins to bear fruit on the 39th - 49th day after the emergence of full shoots. The plant is medium-growing. Zelenets is fusiform, in cross section, triangular green with light stripes, weight 95 - 15 g, length 10 - 15 cm. The yield of marketable fruits is 8.5 - 32 t / ha. Variety value: suitability for salting, resistance to short-term drops in temperature. Introduced to the ZSOOS.
Serpentine. Early maturing variety, bee-pollinated, universal use. The plant is indeterminate, mixed flowering type. Zelenets elongated - ovate large tuberous, weight 80 - 115 g, length 9 - 10 cm. The yield of marketable products in the West Siberian region is 17 - 35 t / ha. Variety value: high yield of early harvest, universal use of fruits, high taste. Introduced to the ZSOOS.
Tomato is an annual plant. The stem is round, erect. With the formation of many branches and under the weight of the fruit, it bends and lays down. The growth of the main shoot and lateral ones ends with a flower race. Inflorescences are formed only from the apical buds of various shoots. The root system is pivotal. The leaves are alternate, simple. The flowers are regular in shape, collected in an inflorescence - a curl, usually called a brush. Inflorescences can be simple or complex. The fruit is a juicy berry. Tomato varieties are divided into early ripening (85 ... 110 days), mid-ripening (110 ... 120) and late ripening (120 days or more).
Blagovest F1. Fruit ripening occurs 98 - 103 days after the emergence of full shoots. The plant is determinant. The fruit is flat-round, slightly ribbed, glossy red, weight 73 - 79 g. The value of the hybrid: high fruiting energy and fast fruit formation, attractive fruit appearance, good taste and resistance to cladosporium, fusarium wilt and tobacco mosaic virus. The LLC "Agrofirma Gavrish" was withdrawn. Recommended for cultivation in the third and fourth light zones in spring - summer culture.
Boomerang F1. Fruit ripening occurs 95 - 118 days after the emergence of full shoots. The plant is superdeterminate. The fruit is large, dense, round or flat-round, smooth, intensely red, weighing 110 - 150 g (up to 200 g and more).
The value of the hybrid: high yield and marketability, large fruit size, transportability, excellent taste, cold resistance, resistance to low light, tobacco mosaic virus, cladosporium, fusarium, tolerance to rootworm nematode. Bred by VNIIO. Recommended for cultivation in all regions of Russia in winter - spring, spring - summer and extended rotation.
Pumpkin is an annual, dicotyledonous, herbaceous, cross-pollinated plant. In culture, three types of pumpkin are known: hard-barked, or table, nutmeg, large-fruited. Early ripening varieties of this pumpkin ripen 85-90 days after germination, late-ripening - 120-130 days later.
There are forms with very large fruits, reaching 90 kg or more, and with small ones - up to 1 kg. The root system is powerful, goes into the soil up to 2-3 m and spreads in diameter up to 10-12 m. In this regard, the pumpkin is resistant to a lack of moisture in the soil. Spirally twisted antennae are located on the stems. The leaves are large, 5-7 lobed, on long petioles, cordate, serrated, like the stems, covered with stiff hairs.
Therapeutic. The variety is early maturing, for table purposes. Medium strength plant. Fruits are flattened, slightly segmented, weight 2.8 - 5 kg. The background is light gray, the pattern is in the form of a dense dark gray mesh. The pulp is orange. Variety value: high yield, good transportability, keeping quality.
Almond 35. Early ripening variety. The plant is medium-growing. Fruits are smooth, slightly ribbed at the stalk, flattened, immature - dark green, ripe - orange - red, weight 4 - 5 kg. The pulp is yellow - orange with a thickness of 4 - 4.5 cm. The value of the variety: early maturity, high keeping quality. Recommended for all regions of Russia.
Carrots are a biennial plant. In the first year of life, it has a fleshy root crop with a rosette of multiple pinnately dissected leaves. In the second year, it gives small ribbed seeds with sharp spines and bristles. The seed bush reaches a height of 50 - 180 cm. The inflorescence is a complex umbrella, divided into separate umbrellas with 10 - 60 flowers. Root varieties have different colors and shapes.
Artek. The variety is early maturing. The root crop is thickened - conical, with a weak escape, blunt-pointed orange - red, weight 72 - 132 g. Value of the variety: good taste, good keeping quality, suitability for mechanized harvesting. Bred by the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Recommended for all regions of Russia, except for the Middle Volga.
Dayana. The growing season is 112 - 120 days. The yield varies from 6.3 to 8.9 kg / m2. It has a cylindrical root crop with a smooth downward slope, with a slightly pointed tip, 17 - 20 cm long, 2.5 - 4 cm in diameter, weighing 90 - 160 g, with sparseness it can reach 250 g. Sugar content 6.9 - 10.7 %, carotene - 15.6 - 20.3%, nitrates - 30 - 100 mg / kg. The tasting score is high. Safety - 95 - 98%. Developed by the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station. Located in the GSE.
Dill is an annual plant in the celery family. Stem 48 - 155 cm high, erect or slightly curving, branched. The flowers are collected in an inflorescence - a complex umbrella. Fruits are small brown ovoid two-seedlings. The main food purpose of dill is aromatization of various food products.
Openwork. Mid-season. The rosette of leaves is half-raised. The leaf is medium in size, dark green, moderately dissected, with a slight waxy bloom. The plant in the flowering phase has a height of 90 - 95 cm, compact, medium leafy. Umbrella of medium size, flat, medium beam. The weight of one plant when harvested for greenery is 15 - 20 g. The aroma is good. Marketable yield for greens - 1.4 - 2.0 kg / m2, for spices - 2.7 kg / m2. Delivered by Agrofirma Aelita LLC. Recommended for all regions of Russia.
4.Varieties of vegetables for protected ground
F1 Relay (TSKHA-1417). The hybrid was bred at the TSKHA vegetable experimental station. The main stem is long, the branching is self-regulating, average in the conditions of spring greenhouses. Zelenets are fusiform, sparsely tuberous, 14-23 cm long.
The average weight of marketable fruit is 210-230 g. Parthenocarpic hybrid, for salad purposes, recommended for winter and spring greenhouses. It begins to bear fruit on the 53rd - 9th day after germination. The total yield in the winter greenhouse is 25.6-44.4 kg / m 2. in the spring 18.8-35.8 kg / m 2. for the first month of fruiting is 4.2-6.9 kg / m 2.
F1 Stella. The hybrid was developed at NIIOH. The bush is long-leaved, there are many lashes. Fruits are cylindrical, slightly grooved, 20-25 cm long. Mid-season, begins to bear fruit 72-75 days after the emergence of mass shoots.Heterotic hybrid, parthenocarpic, female flowering type, does not require bee pollination. Productivity 25-27 kg / m 2. Designed for cultivation in winter-spring and summer-autumn culture.
F1NIIOH 412. Received at the Research Institute of Vegetable Economy. Plants are vigorous, well branching, female flowering type. The main lash is long. Zelenets 35-38 cm long, slightly ribbed, weighing 300-350 g. Parthenocarpic hybrid for salad purposes, intended for growing in greenhouses in winter-spring circulation.
Enters fruiting in 79-83 days after the emergence of mass shoots. The total yield is 27-30 kg / m 2.
F1 Potpourri. Bred by the vegetable station TSKHA. The plant is indeterminate, strongly leafy. The inflorescence is simple and intermediate, the number of fruits in it is 6-10. Fruits are round, smooth, evenly colored. The number of seed chambers is 3-5, their location is correct. The average weight of the fruit is 100-120 g. The first inflorescence is laid above 9-11 leaves, the subsequent ones through three leaves. An early ripening hybrid. From germination to fruit ripening in the winter-spring turnover, 110-115 days pass. Productivity is 18-21 kg / m 2.
F1 Lady. Obtained at the vegetable experimental station of the TSKHA. The plant is indeterminate, strongly leafy. The inflorescence is simple, the number of fruits in it is from 6 to 8. Fruits are round, smooth, beautiful, uniform bright red color.
The number of seed chambers is 4-6, their location is correct. The average weight of the fruit is 120-160 g. The first inflorescence is formed over 9-11 leaves, the next through three leaves. The hybrid is late maturing. From germination to fruit ripening, 130-135 days pass. The yield in the winter-spring turnover is 16-18 kg / m 2.
Varieties of onions - batuna:
April. The bush is highly branched. The leaf is bright green in color with a weak waxy bloom. The variety is early maturing. The mass of one plant is 200-300 g. The yield of green feathers is 28 t / ha. The taste is semi-sharp. The leaves are tender, juicy, do not coarse for a long time.
Salad 35. Powerful bush. The leaf is dark green with a medium waxy bloom. The variety is early maturing. The total yield of green feathers is 37 - 40 t / ha. The taste is semi-sharp. Differs in early amicable feather growth. It tolerates drought and low temperatures well.
Yakhont. The rosette of leaves is small, semi-spreading and erect. The root crop is rounded, dark red in color, weighing 13-17 g. The head of the root crop is small, flat.
The color of the pulp is white and glassy. It is characterized by a high content of vitamin C. The variety is early maturing, the number of days from germination to bunch ripeness is 18-21 days, to technical ripeness - 24-27 days. Suitable for growing in open and protected ground. The yield of root crops in open ground is 9-16 t / ha, in protected - 1.5-2.8 kg / m 2. The variety is slightly affected by vascular bacteriosis.
Alba. The rosette of leaves is semi-spreading, loose, 2.0-2.2 cm in diameter. The root crop is white, elliptical, 4-7 cm long, 2.9- 3.4 cm in diameter. The surface is smooth.
The pulp is white, juicy, dense, with a mild or slightly sweet taste. The root crop protrudes halfway above the soil surface. The variety is mid-season, the growing season is 26-63 days. Productivity 15-20 t / ha. The mass of the marketable root crop is 23-50 g. The variety is resistant to flowers and pulp sagging.
5. Terms, methods of growing vegetable crops and area of sowing (planting) by crops
On the basis of agro-climatic conditions, the terms, methods of growing vegetables and the area of sowing (planting) by crops were determined. The data are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2 - Terms, methods of growing vegetable crops and sown area (planting) by crops
6. The need of the farm for all of us and the methods of their pre-sowing treatment
The final results of the work of vegetable growers largely depend on the quality of the seed. The sowing material must be genetically homogeneous, with high viability, not infected with diseases, that is, the seeds must have high sowing qualities.
Hydrothermal treatment. Under this name, various methods of exposure to seeds are combined with the obligatory soaking at different temperatures. This includes conventional soaking, seed germination, barting, and other techniques.
Physical and other methods of seed treatment. Treatment of seeds with electric current, laser radiation, ultrasound, y - rays, in a magnetic field, variable temperature, freezing, etc. Such treatment does not always provide a stimulating effect and is not highly stable.
All types of seed treatments should be applied in sequence. First, sorting is carried out, then thermal disinfection, barting, pickling, pelleting.
The need for vegetable seeds is determined on the basis of acreage and seeding rates. When calculating, an insurance fund is provided in the amount of 10%. The data obtained are summarized in Table 3.
Table 3 - Calculation of the need for seeds
Seeding rate, (kg / ha, g / m 2)
Sowing area (ha, m 2)
The need for seeds, total, taking into account the insurance fund, kg
Mid-season cabbage (sowing)
private with mezhd. 70 cm
private with mezhd. 45 cm
private with mezhd. 70 cm
private, m / d 45cm
20 * 50 (five-line seeding)
soil fertility vegetable seeds
Seeds of carrots, onions, radishes are similarly etched with potassium permanganate, and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) is used to stimulate growth at a temperature of 20 ° C. Duration of treatment The purpose of pre-sowing seed preparation is to increase field germination, stimulate plant growth and development, reduce variability and microseeds.
During the pre-sowing preparation of seeds, attention is paid to their purity. The seeds are placed in a 5-7% salt solution. The floating seeds are thrown away, and the ones that have settled to the bottom are washed in clean water and dried. Then they are disinfected using fentiuram or TMTD at the rate of 4-8 g per 1 kg of seeds.
It is useful to keep the seeds of cucumbers and tomatoes for 20-30 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. It is advisable to heat pumpkin seeds for 2 hours at a temperature of 50-60 0 С. Heating, in addition to disinfecting effects, stimulates the formation of female flowers.
To accelerate the emergence of seedlings, the seeds are soaked and germinated, keeping at a temperature of 20 0 C.
Cabbage seeds are also kept for 20-30 minutes in a 1% potassium permanganate solution, soaked in water for a while or osmo-treated, the seeds are placed in a chemically inactive substance, the concentration of which is selected so that the seeds swell, but do not germinate.
radish seeds are 7 days, carrots - 8 days, onions - 9 days.
Dill seeds are encrusted - a composition based on an aqueous solution of a film former is applied to the surface of the seeds, creating a protective environment into which the substances are introduced. stimulating the growth and development of plants. The sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a film former.
Seeds of all vegetable crops are calibrated by size, diameter, moisture using appropriate sieves. And also carry out mechanical additional cleaning of seeds from impurities and shriveled seeds.
7.Terms, methods of growing seedlings and areas of protected ground
Seedling culture is one of the main features of greenhouse vegetable growing. The use of seedlings increases the efficiency of using the area and reduces energy costs.
For the preparation of seedlings, special greenhouses (seedling departments) are used.
For growing seedlings, as a rule, ground greenhouses are used. Also widespread are seedling greenhouses with sliding shelves, which makes it possible to maintain a high percentage of the usable area of seedling greenhouses. Provides better thermal and light conditions, as well as improves working conditions.
Seedlings of vegetable crops for protected ground, as a rule, are grown in nutritious peat cubes, factory-made peat slabs, containers (pots) - hard plastic, peat tree and film, in mineral wool cubes wrapped in black film, in plastic cassettes and peat blocks.
Table 4 - Terms, methods of growing seedlings, the need for protected ground
More information on the topic:
Altai Krai is the largest grain producer in Russia. For many, the region is associated with endless fields of golden ears. However, Altai farmers do not stand still and try to master new, sometimes exotic cultures for our region.
Feed culture of the future
Livestock breeders call white lupine the forage crop of the future. And all thanks to the high content of animal protein in this plant - about 60%. Russian regions are mastering this legume one after another. One of the farms of the German National Region of the Altai Territory decided to take a chance and try to tame a capricious culture on its steppe land. As an experiment, farmers planted ten hectares of land with lupine.
- We found seeds in our region in the foothills, they also try to grow lupines there. Of course, we are very worried, because the culture, frankly, is not ours. It may not take root in the steppe due to lack of moisture, but we hope for the best. Livestock farming is actively developed in our region, cattle need protein for nutrition. Therefore, lupine can help us balance the diet of animals. We will find out how it will end in the fall, but the shoots are still pleasing, - says Friedrich Hardt, Head of the Crop Division of the Administration of the German National Region.
Embarking on adventures in this economy is no longer a novelty. Last year, farmers tried to sow blue flax, but, unfortunately, it did not have enough moisture.
- We're trying to find some kind of legume, protein culture. We are constantly trying something, we are in the process of experimenting. Even if we get ten centners from our new plantings, we will still work further, develop, - explains Friedrich Hardt.
Chickpeas, soybeans and lentils
The chickpea variety "Kulundinsky 5" of Altai selection was included in the State Register for the West Siberian region. This variety was created by scientists from the Altai Research Institute of Agriculture.
- Chickpeas have been gaining popularity among farmers in recent years. According to experts, this culture is especially promising for the steppe zone of the Altai Territory. In addition to the high selling price, chickpeas, like all legumes, are a good predecessor for other crops, - I note in the Ministry of Agriculture of the Altai Territory.
A rare sight in Altai - soybean fields. They can usually be found in Asia, America, Africa and Australia. In Russia, this crop is cultivated mainly in the Amur Region. But it turned out that we can grow soybeans too. Last year, an experiment was conducted in the Altai Territory: several foreign soybean varieties were sown in the Smolensk and Mamontovsky districts. The total area is over two thousand hectares. And already this year the crop sowing has increased threefold. Cultivation is carried out by 20 farms in Siberia, of which 17 are Altai.
The Altai Territory is represented by farmers from Mamontovsky, Smolensky, Novichikhinsky, Zonal, Krasnoshchekovsky, Pospelikhinsky, Tretyakovsky, Pervomaisky, Rodninsky, Petropavlovsky, Krutikhinsky districts. All farms are provided with Canadian and Belarusian soybean seeds - "Kofu", "Maksus" and others. These varieties are high in protein.
Also, since last year, Altai farmers have been increasing their lentil crops. Today it is the most expensive agricultural crop. The demand for lentils, according to experts, has grown due to their high cost.
Rape and flax
In the Altai Territory, such a valuable oilseed crop as spring rape is also grown. Its seeds contain over 45% oil and about 30% protein. Rapeseed oil is close to olive oil in terms of its fatty acid composition. This oil is used for food and technical purposes, cake and meal are used in the feed industry. It is a traditional green forage and one of the components of silage. But the most effective processing of rapeseed for oil and cake. In the Altai Territory, in recent years, the area sown to rapeseed has increased by 1.5 times.
Another unusual crop grown in Altai is fiber flax. The region has its own enterprises for its processing. Currently, the volume of cultivation of flax-mezheumka for the production of oilseeds and short fiber is increasing.In recent years, the sown area of this crop has more than tripled.
Numbers
Every year in the Altai Territory there are produced:
- 1.2 million tons of flour;
- 230 thousand tons of cereals;
- 400 thousand tons of compound feed.
Interesting Facts
- The Altai Territory has the largest arable land in Russia. Its area is 6.5 million hectares.
- The Altai Territory has the largest grain field in Russia. It produces within 40% of the total Siberian grain volume.
- Every eighth ton of flour and every fifth ton of cereals produced in Russia is Altai.
- From the Urals to the Far East, the Altai Territory is the only region that produces sugar beets.
- The gross harvest of sugar beet last season in the region exceeded 1 million 100 thousand tons, which is a record in the new history of beet growing.
- 75% of sea buckthorn oil concentrate is produced in Altai. Medicines based on the Altai sea buckthorn, natural juices and other types of products are supplied to the European part of Russia, neighboring countries.
- Annually, the share of Altai Krai is 40-50% of the all-Russian buckwheat production volume.
- Rapeseed oil, which is produced in Altai from cultivated rapeseed, is close in quality to olive oil in terms of fatty acid composition.
- Altai Territory is the largest producer of sunflower oilseeds in the Siberian Federal District, it accounts for about 90% of production.
28.06.2015
Altai is the heart of Western Siberia. This unique corner of our country is distinguished by various natural areas existing next to each other. Steppe and forest-steppe give way to impassable taiga, sometimes surrounded by mighty mountains. There are also many rivers, including one of the deepest rivers in Siberia - the Ob. The landscape of Altai is so unique that there are more than 50 natural monuments and reserves.
Agriculture of the Altai Territory
In the Altai Territory, fertile soils and a temperate climate are successfully combined. This allows local growers to grow all kinds of crops. But along with this, local farmers are faced with frequent dry winds, drought. In some areas, irrigation of the land is especially difficult, since the irrigation pipes are located at a short distance. Another problem for farmers is weeds, such as feather grass, which infests land. But despite this, plant growing in the Altai Territory is very developed. More than 11 million hectares are allocated for agricultural needs. It should be noted that the Altai Territory is a small region of Western Siberia, and occupies only 4% of the territory, grain crops, vegetables, fodder production allow the Territory to make economically profitable transactions with neighboring regions.
Cereals
The bulk of the land is sown with cereals. In terms of the volume of grain harvested annually, Altai occupies a leading position in the country. No other region of the country has such a large wheat field of up to 4 million hectares. In addition, winter rye and wheat are sown in the Altai Territory; recently, buckwheat has been grown in the fields in the east of the Territory.
The demand for grain and cereals, for example, buckwheat and durum wheat, both from local industrialists and representatives of other regions of Russia, is very high. Therefore, of course, focusing on this type of agricultural crops is economically profitable and promising.
Local large entrepreneurs direct their production to the production of flour from the harvested grain. Cereals play a huge role in the production of animal feed, and cereals are also used in breweries and in alcohol products. An annual work on selection of grain is carried out: in the Altai Agrarian Institute varieties of wheat of different varieties are bred, which would be adapted to the conditions of the region and bring more harvest.
Pancake crops
Altai Territory is one of the few places where oilseed rape is grown.One grain of Altai spring rape contains 45% oil and 30% protein. According to these indicators, it is ahead of other cultures. Rape is used both in food and technical production. Little from rapeseed is used in food along with sunflower and olive oils. But most often oil cake is made from rapeseed, which is used in the production of forage crops.
Sugar beet production
The Altai Territory is famous for the cultivation of sugar beets, which do not grow anywhere else in the eastern part of the country. This is largely due to the high costs of its production, with the difficulties of cultivation. But at the same time, sugar beets are profitable. The agriculture of the region has new high-tech equipment, which helps to increase the harvest and yield of beets.
Vegetable growing
Local producers focus on growing vegetables, potatoes and other crops. These products are sold very quickly throughout the territory of the region all year round. In recent years, the harvest of potatoes has increased to 900 thousand tons, and vegetables - up to 240 thousand tons, which makes it possible to import them to cities in other regions. The cities that are engaged in vegetable growing include Barnaul, Biysk, Rubtsovsk. Along with soil plantings, vegetables are very often kept in greenhouses and greenhouses.
Industrial crops
The most widespread industrial crop is fiber flax. This plant is the basis of herbal raw materials, which is used in the production of household goods and technical fields. Special attention is paid to linen fabrics. On the territory of the Altai Territory there are enterprises that, thanks to special equipment, can independently process flax. In addition, the flax sowing area is expanding every year. More recently, they began to grow flax-mezheumok, from which oil and fiber are produced.
Gardening in the Altai Territory
In addition, the agriculture of the Altai Territory is engaged in the cultivation of fruit and berry crops. More than 70% of agricultural land is allocated for garden products. The most promising and profitable is the cultivation of sea buckthorn. On its basis, oil, medicines, juices are produced, which is popular both in Russia and in the near abroad.
