What crops are not grown in your area and why?

Agricultural crops are called crops cultivated by farmers and large agro-industrial enterprises in order to obtain food, feed for livestock, technological raw materials. There are several main types of such plants. Of course, the cultivation of crops must be carried out in strict compliance with certain technologies.

Main types

Most agricultural enterprises are broad-based and grow a wide variety of crops. It can be cereals, vegetables, fruit trees, root crops, etc. But most often in Russia such agricultural crops are cultivated as:

• wheat, barley, rye and oats;
• potato;
• sunflower;
• forage grasses;
• sugar beet.

These are the main types of agricultural crops in our country. Of course, domestic farmers sometimes grow vegetables as well. Such crops are most often cultivated in greenhouses.

Grain growing technology

When cultivating oats, wheat, barley and rye, agricultural enterprises perform the following activities:

• basic and pre-sowing soil preparation;
• fertilization;
• seed preparation;
• sowing;
• planting care;
• harvesting.

Sowing dates

Grain crops can be cultivated using the winter or spring method. In the first case, sowing takes place in the autumn, in the second - in the spring. The most important task in the cultivation of grain crops is to determine the timing of planting seeds in the soil. They should be chosen so that winter cereals reach the tillering phase before the onset of cold weather and form at least 3-4 shoots. Therefore, the optimal time for sowing grain crops in the non-chernozem zone of Russia is the first decade of September. Sometimes planting is carried out at the end of August.When cultivating spring crops, the sowing time is determined by the condition of the soil. Most often, cereals are planted in mid or late April.

Plowing the land

Soil cultivation before sowing cereals is carried out so that as much post-harvest residues as possible remain on the surface. This is necessary in order to avoid erosion and retain as much moisture as possible in the ground.

For plowing, in most cases, various kinds of mineral fertilizers are applied. Further, early spring harrowing is carried out for spring crops, and pre-sowing cultivation for winter crops.

Sowing seeds

After the soil is prepared, the actual planting of cereals is carried out. In this case, only healthy, undamaged seeds that meet the stipulated standards are used. Before sowing, they are pickled to avoid infection with fungal, bacterial and other diseases. Winter crops are grown from the seeds of last year's harvest. For their storage at agricultural enterprises, special funds are created. Freshly harvested seeds are rarely used when planting. The fact is that they have a reduced germination rate. At the final stage of planting, the seeds are rolled to improve their contact with the soil.

Grain care

Subsequently, to obtain a good harvest, the following activities are carried out:

• Protection of cereals from pests and diseases. As necessary, they are treated with fungicides and insecticides.
• Weed removal. In this case, crops are treated with herbicides.
• Top dressing. Cereals are fertilized during the season, usually using nitrogenous compounds.

Harvest

This operation can be performed in two ways: directly or separately. Two-phase harvesting is performed for unevenly ripened, lodged or heavily weedy crops. In all other cases, the usual direct combining is carried out.

Potato cultivation technology

Cereals are the main type of plants cultivated by domestic agricultural enterprises. However, potatoes are also quite widespread. The cultivation technology of this crop includes the following stages:

• soil preparation;
• landing;
• plant care;
• harvesting.

Land preparation and planting

Plots for potatoes are usually chosen with loose soil that allows moisture and air to pass through well. Only in such areas can you get good harvests of this crop. The best precursors for potatoes are winter cereals, corn, perennial and annual grasses.

Prepare the soil for potatoes, usually in the fall. At the same time, plowing (autumn) is carried out with the introduction of fertilizers. In April, the soil surface is leveled and early spring harrowing is carried out.

Only healthy, undamaged tubers of large and medium size are used for sowing. 10-12 days before disembarkation, they are unloaded from the storage and sorted out. Further, the tubers are germinated or simply wilted. Sometimes, before planting, potatoes are treated with ash, mineral fertilizers and fungicides.

Tubers are planted only in well-warmed soil. At the same time, 55-60 thousand bushes are placed on 1 hectare. Early varieties are usually planted denser, later ones less often. The landing itself can be ridge, semi-ridge or smooth. The first two methods are more often used on wet or heavy soils. The combs are cut a few days before planting.

Potato care

The first shoots of this culture appear in about two to three weeks. With a smooth planting, harrowing is carried out in agricultural enterprises. It can be performed before germination or after germination. In the future, caring for potatoes is reduced to hilling and weeding. The first operation is performed twice a season: with a bushes height of 15-18 cm and before flowering. Weeding is carried out as needed.Plantings of this variety, among other things, should be periodically treated against phytophthora (fungicides) and the Colorado potato beetle ("Decis", "Volaton").

Cleaning

The ripening time of tubers depends primarily on the variety of potatoes. To facilitate mechanized harvesting in agricultural enterprises, the tops are usually mown. This operation is performed in 3-5 days. Cleaning itself can be done in three ways:

• direct combining - on light crops;
• by separate technology - on heavy soils;
• in a combined way.

Seed tubers before storage are kept in the light for 10-12 days until light greening. Table potatoes are air-dried for several hours. Of course, like any other staple crop, potatoes must be stored properly. Tubers are laid for the winter in dark cool rooms in bulk or in boxes.

Sunflower cultivation technology

It is customary to grow this crop after winter and spring cereals. Presowing preparation of land for sunflower includes operations such as plowing, harrowing and leveling the soil with special drags. Cultivation is carried out to the depth of planting seeds (6-10 cm). Manure is usually used as a fertilizer for plowing. Sometimes mineral fertilizing can also be used (depending on the composition of the soil).

For sowing, seeds of varieties and hybrids entered in the register are used with a germination rate of at least 95%. Planting is carried out in well-heated soil at the rate of 30-50 thousand plants per hectare. Sowing is carried out in a dotted manner. At the final stage, the plots are rolled in.

Sunflower care in our country is carried out using exclusively mechanized methods. The first is such an operation as harrowing before and after sprouting, with simultaneous weeding and the use of herbicides. Further, sunflower care includes procedures such as:

• Fight against voidness. For this, hives are placed on the allotment at the rate of 1.5-2 per hectare.
• Pest and disease control using chemicals.

Harvesting is done after the back of the baskets turns yellow. The reed flowers should fall off. Sunflower is harvested, like most other agricultural crops, with special combines.

Technology for growing forage grasses

Crops of this group can be cultivated as pasture or for hay or silage. There are many types of forage grasses. But most often in our country alfalfa, clover, vetch and legumes are grown. The technology of their cultivation, like any other agricultural crops, includes soil preparation, sowing, care and harvesting.

A feature of growing herbs is very deep, 25-30 cm, plowing (due to long roots), the possibility of sowing perennial crops under the cover of annuals and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers during the growth period. Plants are harvested in the budding or flowering phase.

Growing sugar beet

About 21 thousand hectares of arable land are used for this crop in Russia. The optimum depth of plowing the land for beets is 25-30 cm. Such cultivation of the land is carried out in the fall - usually in September. At the same time, manure is applied in the amount of 40-80 t / ha. For sowing, pickled seeds are used. Planting is carried out to a depth of 25-35 mm, depending on the type of soil, using special seeders. Caring for beets is mainly about weeding or applying herbicides, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases using chemicals. Harvesting of this crop usually begins on September 20-25. In this case, in-line, transshipment or combined technologies can be used. The last two methods are usually used with increased contamination of areas.

Growing vegetables in greenhouses

A feature of the cultivation of crops of this variety in greenhouses is the periodic use of top dressing and land replacement. After all, the soil in greenhouses is very quickly depleted. Also, in such farms, maximum attention should be paid to the fight against pests and diseases. Infections spread very quickly in greenhouses. Seeds of agricultural crops of this variety are necessarily pickled before planting.

Most often, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers and melons are grown indoors. The greenhouses themselves can be film, glass or polycarbonate. Among other things, when growing vegetable crops, special attention is paid to their selection according to their compatibility. This takes into account such factors as the feeding and irrigation regime, climatic conditions, the need for pollination, the frequency of airing, etc.

Varieties and hybrids

In farms and large agricultural enterprises, mainly only varieties of agricultural crops entered in the state register are grown. The only exception is experimental stations where breeding work is carried out. When developing new varieties, the following methods can be applied:

• selection with the consolidation of certain valuable traits;
• hybridization in breeding nurseries.

The resulting varieties and hybrids are tested and, if the value for agriculture is established, are entered into the state register.

The cultivation of crops, therefore, must be carried out on well-prepared soils, using suitable fertilizers and seeds of the best varieties. In the absence of violations of technology, even in the case of adverse weather conditions, you can get good harvests and at the same time avoid such negative consequences as erosion and soil depletion.

Agricultural crops: cereals, vegetables, industrial crops:

Agricultural crops are called crops cultivated by farmers and large agro-industrial enterprises in order to obtain food, feed for livestock, technological raw materials. There are several main types of such plants. Of course, the cultivation of crops must be carried out in strict compliance with certain technologies.

Main types

Most agricultural enterprises are broad-based and grow a wide variety of crops. It can be cereals, vegetables, fruit trees, root crops, etc. But most often in Russia such agricultural crops are cultivated as:

• wheat, barley, rye and oats;
• potato;
• sunflower;
• forage grasses;
• sugar beet.

These are the main types of agricultural crops in our country. Of course, domestic farmers sometimes grow vegetables as well. Such crops are most often cultivated in greenhouses.

Grain growing technology

When cultivating oats, wheat, barley and rye, agricultural enterprises perform the following activities:

• basic and pre-sowing soil preparation;
• fertilization;
• seed preparation;
• sowing;
• planting care;
• harvesting.

Sowing dates

Grain crops can be cultivated using the winter or spring method. In the first case, sowing takes place in the autumn, in the second - in the spring. The most important task in the cultivation of grain crops is to determine the timing of planting seeds in the soil.

They should be chosen so that winter cereals reach the tillering phase before the onset of cold weather and form at least 3-4 shoots. Therefore, the optimal time for sowing grain crops in the non-chernozem zone of Russia is the first decade of September. Sometimes planting is carried out at the end of August.

When cultivating spring crops, the sowing time is determined by the condition of the soil. Most often, cereals are planted in mid to late April.

Plowing the land

Soil cultivation before sowing cereals is carried out so that as much post-harvest residues as possible remain on the surface. This is necessary in order to avoid erosion and retain as much moisture as possible in the ground.

For plowing, in most cases, various kinds of mineral fertilizers are applied. Further, early spring harrowing is carried out for spring crops, and pre-sowing cultivation for winter crops.

Sowing seeds

After the soil is prepared, the actual planting of cereals is carried out. In this case, only healthy, undamaged seeds that meet the stipulated standards are used. Before sowing, they are pickled to avoid infection with fungal, bacterial and other diseases.

Winter crops are grown from the seeds of last year's harvest. For their storage at agricultural enterprises, special funds are created. Freshly harvested seeds are rarely used when planting. The fact is that they have a reduced germination rate.

At the final stage of planting, the seeds are rolled to improve their contact with the soil.

Grain care

Subsequently, to obtain a good harvest, the following activities are carried out:

• Protection of cereals from pests and diseases. As necessary, they are treated with fungicides and insecticides.
• Weed removal. In this case, crops are treated with herbicides.
• Top dressing. Cereals are fertilized during the season, usually using nitrogenous compounds.

Harvest

This operation can be performed in two ways: directly or separately. Two-phase harvesting is performed for unevenly ripened, lodged or heavily weeded crops. In all other cases, the usual direct combining is carried out.

Potato cultivation technology

Cereals are the main type of plants cultivated by domestic agricultural enterprises. However, potatoes are also quite widespread. The cultivation technology of this crop includes the following stages:

• soil preparation;
• landing;
• plant care;
• harvesting.

Land preparation and planting

Plots for potatoes are usually chosen with loose soil that allows moisture and air to pass through well. Only in such areas can you get good harvests of this crop. The best precursors for potatoes are winter cereals, corn, perennial and annual grasses.

Prepare the soil for potatoes, usually in the fall. At the same time, plowing (autumn) is carried out with the introduction of fertilizers. In April, the soil surface is leveled and early spring harrowing is carried out.

Only healthy, undamaged tubers of large and medium size are used for sowing. 10-12 days before disembarkation, they are unloaded from the storage and sorted out. Further, the tubers are germinated or simply wilted. Sometimes, before planting, potatoes are treated with ash, mineral fertilizers and fungicides.

Tubers are planted only in well-warmed soil. At the same time, 55-60 thousand bushes are placed on 1 hectare. Early varieties are usually planted denser, later ones less often. The landing itself can be ridge, semi-ridge or smooth. The first two methods are more often used on wet or heavy soils. The combs are cut a few days before planting.

Potato care

The first shoots of this culture appear in about two to three weeks. With a smooth planting, harrowing is carried out in agricultural enterprises. It can be performed before germination or after germination. In the future, caring for potatoes is reduced to hilling and weeding.

The first operation is performed twice a season: with a bushes height of 15-18 cm and before flowering. Weeding is carried out as needed.

Plantings of this variety, among other things, should be periodically treated against phytophthora (fungicides) and the Colorado potato beetle ("Decis", "Volaton").

Cleaning

The ripening time of tubers depends primarily on the variety of potatoes.To facilitate mechanized harvesting in agricultural enterprises, the tops are usually mown. This operation is performed in 3-5 days. Cleaning itself can be done in three ways:

• direct combining - on light crops;
• by separate technology - on heavy soils;
• in a combined way.

Seed tubers before storage are kept in the light for 10-12 days until light greening. Table potatoes are air-dried for several hours. Of course, like any other staple crop, potatoes must be stored properly. Tubers are laid for the winter in dark cool rooms in bulk or in boxes.

Sunflower cultivation technology

It is customary to grow this crop after winter and spring cereals.

Presowing preparation of land for sunflower includes operations such as plowing, harrowing and leveling the soil with special drags. Cultivation is carried out to the depth of planting seeds (6-10 cm).

Manure is usually used as fertilizer for plowing. Sometimes mineral fertilizing can also be used (depending on the composition of the soil).

For sowing, seeds of varieties and hybrids entered in the register are used with a germination rate of at least 95%. Planting is carried out in well-heated soil at the rate of 30-50 thousand plants per hectare. Sowing is carried out in a dotted manner. At the final stage, the plots are rolled in.

Sunflower care in our country is carried out using exclusively mechanized methods. The first is such an operation as harrowing before and after sprouting, with simultaneous weeding and the use of herbicides. Further, sunflower care includes procedures such as:

• Fight against voidness. For this, hives are placed on the allotment at the rate of 1.5-2 per hectare.
• Pest and disease control using chemicals.

Harvesting is done after the back of the baskets turns yellow. The reed flowers should fall off. Sunflower is harvested, like most other agricultural crops, with special combines.

Technology for growing forage grasses

Crops of this group can be cultivated as pasture or for hay or silage. There are many types of forage grasses. But most often in our country alfalfa, clover, vetch and legumes are grown. The technology of their cultivation, like any other agricultural crops, includes soil preparation, sowing, care and harvesting.

A feature of growing herbs is very deep, 25-30 cm, plowing (due to long roots), the possibility of sowing perennial crops under the cover of annuals and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers during the growth period. Plants are harvested in the budding or flowering phase.

Growing sugar beet

About 21 thousand hectares of arable land are used for this crop in Russia. The optimum depth of plowing the land for beets is 25-30 cm. Such cultivation of the land is carried out in the fall - usually in September. At the same time, manure is applied in the amount of 40-80 t / ha. For sowing, pickled seeds are used.

Planting is carried out to a depth of 25-35 mm, depending on the type of soil, using special seeders. Caring for beets is mainly about weeding or applying herbicides, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases using chemicals. Harvesting of this crop usually begins on September 20-25.

In this case, in-line, transshipment or combined technologies can be used. The last two methods are usually used with increased contamination of areas.

Growing vegetables in greenhouses

A feature of the cultivation of crops of this variety in greenhouses is the periodic use of top dressing and land replacement. After all, the soil in greenhouses is very quickly depleted.

Also, in such farms, maximum attention should be paid to the fight against pests and diseases.Infections spread very quickly in greenhouses.

The seeds of agricultural crops of this variety are necessarily pickled before planting.

Most often, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers and melons are grown indoors. The greenhouses themselves can be film, glass or polycarbonate.

Among other things, when growing vegetable crops, special attention is paid to their selection according to their compatibility.

This takes into account such factors as the feeding and irrigation regime, climatic conditions, the need for pollination, the frequency of airing, etc.

Varieties and hybrids

In farms and large agricultural enterprises, mainly only varieties of agricultural crops entered in the state register are grown. The only exception is experimental stations where breeding work is carried out. When developing new varieties, the following methods can be applied:

• selection with the consolidation of certain valuable features;
• hybridization in breeding nurseries.

The resulting varieties and hybrids are tested and, if the value for agriculture is established, are entered into the state register.

The cultivation of crops, therefore, must be carried out on well-prepared soils, using suitable fertilizers and seeds of the best varieties. In the absence of violations of technology, even in the case of adverse weather conditions, you can get good harvests and at the same time avoid such negative consequences as erosion and soil depletion.

Top 10 agricultural crops in Russia

What kind of agricultural crop occupies record areas in Russia?

What is grown in our country? What is the leading crop in terms of acreage? The area, of course, changes from year to year, but the proportions remain approximately the same.

10. Soy

This leguminous plant is one of the most ancient cultivated plants. Soybeans have been known as a food product since the 3rd millennium BC. Soy is often called the "miracle plant".

It was awarded this prestigious title both for its high yield and, most importantly, for its high protein content - up to 40% and even up to 50% for certain varieties. Soy is the main source of protein for vegetarians.

Thousands of hectares are occupied by soybeans in Russia.

9. Sugar beet

In the 18th century, sweet lovers received a new source of sugar - sugar beets. By the efforts of breeders, by the end of the 20th century, it was possible to raise the sugar content of root crops to 20%.

Sugar beet does not require heat, like sugar cane, and grows well in middle latitudes. So in Russia, 21 thousand hectares are used for it.

But sometimes the harvest is such that a lot of beet sugar is exported.

8. Potatoes

Potatoes were brought to Europe from America in the middle of the 16th century, and even then they were first used as an ornamental plant. The overseas product had a hard time taking root in European cuisines. In Russia, the situation was even worse: neither the efforts of Peter I, nor the decrees of Catherine II instilled in Russians a taste for the "damn apple."

Only after a series of "potato riots" in the middle of the 19th century did the population come to terms, and potatoes began to be planted everywhere. And then they got into the taste. Now it is impossible to imagine a family menu without potatoes. And they plant it on an area of ​​one thousand hectares.

But this is without household plots and other plots, and no one will undertake to calculate how many "hundred parts" the staple food occupies there.

 7. Corn

The corn admirer Nikita Khrushchev made sure that in the public consciousness the "Queen of the Fields" went into the category of anecdotal characters (together with Khrushchev). But in vain. Child of the New World (like potatoes) - corn is a very valuable and high-yielding product. It is no coincidence that the Maya had a separate corn god Quetzalcoatl.

It makes more than one popcorn. Corn flour, flakes, the famous hominy, and a lot of other things from different countries and peoples make corn the second most salable product in the world.Unripe corn, stalks and leaves also go into business, that is, for livestock feed. More fodder corn is planted in Russia (21.1 thousand hectares).

This is understandable: corn, despite the efforts of Khrushchev, prefers a warmer climate for ripening. But they also borrow enough for grain: with an indicator of 12.5 thousand hectares, grain corn would enter the Top 10 on its own.

Well, the total corn of thousands of hectares put it in seventh position in the ranking.

 6. Oats

Once upon a time, futurists predicted that in the future, transportation will be seriously limited: it simply will not be possible to grow enough oats to feed the required number of horses. The invention of the automobile solved this problem, oats have ceased to be a source of food for transport, but have not completely lost their position among agricultural crops.

Oats are still an important forage crop for a variety of livestock. And people with pleasure and with health benefits use not only oatmeal, but also oatmeal and oat flour. By the way, other plants for making popular cereals - buckwheat and millet - were not included in the rating: they are not fed to livestock, and human needs are small.

But oats in Russia occupy thousands of hectares.

 5. Rye

The rye varieties developed to date prefer colder climates. Therefore, the countries with the largest yields are Germany, Poland and, of course, Russia. It is impossible to imagine Russia without rye bread or kvass.

And the alcohol from rye is excellent. Both bread and kvass are not just favorite foods, they also have medicinal properties. thousands of hectares for rye crops provide it with a worthy place in the ranking.

4. Barley

Thousands of hectares of land are allocated for barley in Russia. Why are the crops of barley more than rye and oats combined? Because barley is an excellent fodder for livestock, 70% of the area is occupied by fodder barley. Well, don't forget about beer. It is impossible to cook "liquid bread" without barley.

3. Forage grasses

Grain - grain, but even without hay or grass meal, numerous heads of large and small livestock cannot be grown. Perennial and annual grasses, all these clover, alfalfa, timothy, fescue and others and others occupy as many as thousands of hectares of agricultural land. And without grass - no milk, no meat.

  2. Sunflower

Sunflower area - thousand hectares. The most common vegetable oil in Russia is sunflower oil.

Before the arrival of this guest from the distant American shores, they treated linseed, hemp or imported wood, that is, olive. The British were the first to think of making oil from sunflower seeds.

But the industrial production of sunflower oil was the first to be mastered by Russia. From here the technology has spread all over the world. As well as the spread of this crop.

 1. Wheat

The real "Queen of the fields" is the wheat. Winter alone, that is, sown before winter, in autumn - 252.8 thousand hectares. And if you add 137.2 thousand hectares of spring, that is, spring planting, you get thousands of hectares. And how could it be otherwise, because "bread is the head of everything."

And also - pasta, all sorts of cookies, gingerbread cakes, the best ethyl alcohol ... And the necessary feed grain. Wheat is one of the oldest cultivated plants. Wheat was domesticated 10,000 years ago, studies show, in the Levant, on the eastern Mediterranean coast.

From here it spread throughout the world.

Crop production is a branch of agriculture that cultivates crops. Crop production in Russia:

Approximately about 70 percent of the food consumed worldwide is plant-based. That is why crop production is one of the key industries that serves as the fundamental basis of agricultural production.

Thanks to the climatic conditions and the presence of a large amount of fertile land in Russia, it is possible to grow a huge number of agricultural crops on an industrial scale.

Crop production in Russia is mainly concentrated in the territory located in the temperate continental climatic zone. If we talk about the regions, these are the Ciscaucasia, the Urals, the Central Volga region and Western Siberia.

Both industrial and food crops are grown on the territory of these regions.

The importance of crop production for the country's economy

Crop production is one of the main economic engines of agriculture.

In our country, vast territories are occupied by arable fertile lands located in favorable climatic conditions, so Russia is able to grow huge yields of wheat.

At the same time, the agricultural complex not only fully meets the needs of our country, Russia is also one of the leaders in grain export to other countries.

What crops are cultivated in Russia?

Many technological and cultivated plants are grown in our country, but spring and winter wheat varieties, which are grown in many regions of Russia, have the highest yield.

Barley is also very successfully cultivated, which ranks second after wheat in terms of production, and its share is 25% of all production.

The great popularity of barley is due to the fact that it tolerates frost well, so it can be grown in many regions of the country, and it also ripens very quickly. The main uses for barley are brewing and animal husbandry.

Also, the climatic conditions of our country make it possible to collect large harvests of rice, rye, buckwheat, corn, sunflower, potatoes and many other crops. Despite the fact that their production volumes are much less than that of wheat and barley, nevertheless, farmers collect good harvests of these crops. Recently, great efforts have been made to increase the volume of rice cultivation.

Potatoes and sugar beets are grown on a large amount of arable land, but their production is still far from industrial scale.

Sugar beet also plays an important role in Russian crop production, since sugar is made from it, and the tops are used as feed for pigs.

On an industrial scale, sunflower is cultivated in Russia, the seeds of which are used for the production of vegetable oil.

Melon and vegetable growing

Crop production is not only the cultivation of grain crops. Vegetable growing and melon growing are also actively developing in Russia.

Basically, these areas of crop production are concentrated in the southern regions of the country, where the climate is milder and warmer, and the summer is not too dry.

Crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, carrots, watermelons, eggplants, squash melons and many others are grown in large volumes. Some crops are used exclusively for domestic needs, while some are exported to other countries.

The importance of crop production for agriculture

Crop production is one of the leading branches of agriculture, largely stimulating the economic development of the country. It is aimed at growing cultivated plants and supplying them to the domestic market in order to provide the country's food base.

It is important to understand here that the level of development of this industry has a direct impact on the level of development of animal husbandry. This is due to the fact that farmers grow many types of fodder crops that are used to feed livestock.

Therefore, colossal amounts of money are annually allocated from the state budget, which are spent on the development of crop production.

What factors influence the development of crop production?

The development of plant growing industries is vital for the economic development of the country, as well as ensuring its food security. Therefore, neither the state nor the agrarians spare financial resources and time to achieve the desired result.

But for development to be as effective as possible, the following factors must be taken into account:

• Rehabilitation of depleted and depleted areas of land. This is very important, since the yield of any crop depends on the availability of nutrients and macronutrients in the soil.
• Development of innovative technologies. An equally important aspect, since product quality and yield require constant improvement of plant cultivation methods, as well as the use of reliable technology. Mechanized work in crop production also plays an important role, which makes it possible to significantly increase the volume of production without significant financial and labor costs. This requires support from the state.
• Healthy competitive environment. The lack of competition in the market negatively affects the development of crop production, which, in turn, slows down the country's economic growth.
• Technological progress and scientific developments. The more innovations are introduced into this industry, the lower the cost of crop production will be. At the same time, the more profitable the industry is, the greater the financial contributions to the state treasury will be.

From all of the above, it follows that enterprises engaged in crop production will be concentrated in those regions of the country in which scientific and technological progress, favorable social and economic factors, fertile lands and suitable climatic conditions are well developed. The last two factors are key, since the yield of industrial and food crops depends on them.

Main industries

As mentioned at the beginning of this article, crop production provides about 70 percent of the world's food.

There are the following crop industries focused on the cultivation of certain crops:

• cereals (wheat, rye, barley and others);
• potatoes and tuber crops;
• industrial crops;
• vegetables and melons;
• grapes and fruit;
• forage crops.

Each branch of crop production has certain characteristics, so let's take a closer look at each of them.

Cultivation of cereals

This industry is the most important not only in Russia, but all over the world, since grain crops are not only consumed more than others for food, but also act as food for pets.

Which is very, very much in demand in animal husbandry. In addition, grain is used in many industrial sectors. About half of the world's fields are planted with cereals.

The most common crops in this industry are wheat, rice and corn. Thanks to the efforts of breeders around the world who have developed new varieties of cereals, as well as the continuous development of new technologies and innovative cultivation methods, the cultivation of cereals today has become possible in almost every part of our planet.

Cultivation of potatoes and tuber crops

Russia occupies a leading place in the world in terms of potato production. Also in our country, sugar beets and cane are grown in large quantities, from which sugar is made. Despite the fact that beets are grown on an industrial scale, nevertheless, in terms of production, Russia is significantly inferior to many countries.

Industrial crops

The technology of plant growing in the field of growing industrial crops in Russia is very well developed, therefore, in our country, fibrous crops are cultivated in large volumes, from which fabric, rubber, as well as crops that act as raw materials for the production of various oils are produced.

The most common fiber crops grown in our country are cotton, flax and jute.

Rubber is also of great value because it is used by industry for the production of many natural and synthetic materials that are used in various spheres of human life.

Vegetable growing and melon growing

Crop production, the species of which are considered in this article, is also aimed at growing vegetables and melons.

But the scope is much smaller than that of those discussed above, since the optimal climate for their cultivation is inherent only in the southern regions of the country, nevertheless, much attention is paid to their production.

The most common vegetable crops are carrots, cabbage, onions, zucchini, tomatoes, eggplants and some others. As for melon growing, in Russia watermelons and melons show good yields.

Growing fruit crops and grapes

This branch is directed to the cultivation of various grape varieties and a variety of horticultural crops, from which wine and juices are subsequently made. Viticulture and horticulture is best developed in the southern and central regions of Russia.

Fodder crops

This industry, like the cultivation of grain crops, acts as the basis of crop production, since the level of its development directly affects the level of development of animal husbandry.

Residues from some forage crops are excellent feed for pigs. In addition, some crops are specially cultivated for feeding livestock.

Therefore, much attention is paid to increasing the production of forage crops, increasing the level of their quality and yield, as well as reducing costs.

Secondary areas of crop production

Above, the main branches of crop production were considered, which have a significant impact on the economic development of our country. But there are still secondary directions that are also developing, but not on such a scale. Such industries include floriculture and seed growing.

Floriculture is aimed at breeding and growing new varieties of indoor and garden plants. This direction in Russia is poorly developed due to insufficient funding, so most of the products of this group are purchased abroad.

Seed production is a fundamental industry that underlies all crop production. It is aimed at growing seeds of agricultural crops, which, in turn, are planting material. Not only the yield depends on the quality of the seeds, but also the quality of the products.

Conclusion

Russian plant growing is primarily aimed at growing cultivated plants that are used to form a food base. But also crops are cultivated that are involved in the processing of crop products. These include many types of crops that are raw materials for light industry.

Today, crop production in our country is experiencing many problems associated with low infrastructure development, lack of innovative and modern cultivation methods, as well as poor technical equipment.

For its development, the state is making great efforts, allocating money from the budget and carrying out various reforms. Despite the problems, our country is one of the main suppliers of plant products to the world market.

It should be noted that in recent years, the level of development of crop production has entered a completely new stage.

After the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia by Western countries, the state significantly increased subsidies to farms, thanks to which new technologies began to be introduced that made it possible to reduce the cost of production and increase the profitability of agricultural business.In the future, the country's government is also going to improve the development of crop production in the country, thanks to which the economy can significantly improve.

What is technical culture? Industrial crops

Many people perceive almost everything that is grown on the earth as food, but this is a misconception. Most of the world's agricultural land is dedicated specifically to the cultivation of industrial crops. Every year more and more goods are produced from them.

And it's not just clothes. Soap, tires, medicines, cigarettes, building materials and biofuels - this is not a complete list of the possibilities of such plants.

In the commodity circulation of many countries, industrial crops are of the same great importance as oil, iron ore or gas.

Types of industrial crops

Industrial culture is a raw material for industry. For convenience, these crops were classified according to the principle of obtaining finished raw materials from them.

• Starchy crops. They are grown, as the name implies, for the sake of obtaining starch from them. It is usually found in tubers. Examples are potatoes, yams, or sweet potatoes.
• Sugar-containing crops. Plants that are grown to extract sucrose from them. The most famous representatives of such crops in our country are sugar beets and sugar cane. But there are also more rare plants, such as sugar maple, carob or chicory.
• Oilseeds. This is a large group of industrial crops. Its typical representatives: sunflower, soybeans, peanuts, oil trees, castor oil plants, rapeseed, sesame and others.
• Essential oil. Plants containing essential oils. The group is huge too. Crops such as rose or lavender are world renowned raw materials for the global perfumery and cosmetics industry.
• Fibrous, or spinning. This group also includes bast crops. These are flax, cotton, hemp, kenaf, sisal, ramie.
• Rubber plants. The most famous are hevea and guayula.
• Toning. This group includes all plants from which tea, coffee, coca-cola, cocoa, tobacco are produced.
• Cork or cork-bearing. This includes cork oak and Amur velvet.
• Other groups: dyeing (sophora, saffron, indigo), tanning (badan, oak, spruce), gutta-percha (euonymus, payena), medicinal crops.

Cultivation of industrial crops

Industrial crops occupy a large cultivated area in all countries. Before growing one or another of them, they take into account not only climatic conditions, but also the proximity of processing plants, the market need for raw materials that are produced from a particular crop.

In Russia, industrial crops are not cultivated very actively, since the natural conditions make their cultivation labor-intensive, and large investments are required. In Ukraine, the geographical position of which is favorable for industrial crops, sugar beets, sunflowers and flax are actively grown.

All grain and industrial crops require the use of special harvesting machines and special tools. Usually this is also taken into account when preparing areas for certain crops.

Due to the growing interest of people in healthy, environmentally friendly lifestyles, the cultivation of many industrial crops brings additional profits to producers.

An example is the lavender plantation in French Provence. People from all over the world come to admire the flowering of this amazingly beautiful and fragrant plant.

Celebrations and festivals are arranged for them, which bring a hefty additional income.

First of all, such an industrial crop as sunflower is actively cultivated in Russia. Our country ranks second in the world for the production of sunflower seeds (Argentina is in the lead). This culture came to Russia under Peter I along with potatoes. At first, the sunflower was grown for decorative purposes, but then they were able to appreciate the enormous benefits of this plant.

Once upon a time, the British had a monopoly on sugar production, as all the sugarcane crops belonged to them. Already in the eighteenth century, other countries began to look for how to meet the needs of their market for sugar.

As a result, in 1747, the German chemist Andreas Marggraf found sugar in sugar beets. Now sugar beet is included in the main crops (industrial) in many countries, and in Russia it occupies one percent of all cultivated land.

Russia has long been famous for the production of flax. In Belarus and Russia, two-thirds of the world's flax fiber is cultivated. Russia's cool and rainy summers are ideal conditions for growing flax.

Although it is a fibrous crop, flaxseed oil has a high nutritional value and is used to make high quality paints.

Linen fabrics are very durable, beautiful, they are used not only in light, but also in the aviation and automotive industries.

Industrial crops in the world

More than 20 million tons of cotton are produced in the world every year. It is the main technical culture in the world. One-fifth of the world's total is harvested by the United States and China, ten percent are cultivated by Pakistan and India, and a lot of cotton is grown in Turkey, Uzbekistan, Egypt and Syria. From a ton of cotton, 400 kg of fiber is made, from which three thousand meters of fabric are obtained.

India, China, Bangladesh and other Asian countries are famous for growing jute, sesal, supplying the whole world with burlap, ropes and rough fabrics. In Southeast Asia, hevea grows, from which rubber products are made.

Essential oil and dyeing plants are grown in many countries. For example, almost all of the world's saffron harvest belongs to Iran. It is not only a colorant, but also one of the most expensive condiments in the world. In order to get a kilogram of saffron, you need to collect 200 thousand crocuses.

It happens that industrial crops become a symbol of the country. For example, a rose in Bulgaria. In this country, in the Kazanlak Valley, there is a world-famous rose museum. The rose oil produced by the country has brought worldwide fame to Bulgaria.

Industrial crops such as tobacco and hops are also popular in the world. Cuban and Turkish tobacco is prized by smokers all over the world, and Germany is famous for its hop cultivation.

Genetically modified crops and their capabilities

Soybeans are currently the main technical crop in the world. American scientists believe that this will be the main source of protein for humanity. The United States produces three quarters of all soybeans in the world.

Every tenth ton of all grain crops is soybeans. It is not only eaten, but also used for technical needs. Soybean oil can be used to make plastics, paints, biofuels.

Scientists are currently working on the widespread use of such a technical culture as lupine. Its possibilities are even wider than that of soybeans. This industrial culture is surprisingly multifunctional: fibers give excellent quality tissue, oil with antioxidant properties is obtained from the plant, and coffee is made from the roots. The world leader in the production of promising crops is Australia.

Gasoline from industrial crops

The earth's oil reserves are running out, and scientists around the world are working to create the optimal biofuel. The best technical culture for this purpose is being sought.

Soybeans, rapeseed and cotton are the leaders in this field, but there are also lesser-known plants. Among them are the South American jatropha, Syrian cottonwood, copaiba, which grows in the tropics of the Amazon. In China, they found the plant of the Klabra syndrome. Its juice ignites like oil.

The cultivation of industrial crops has long gone beyond traditional agriculture and is turning into a modern high-tech industry with great prospects. Whoever understands this today will gain a lot tomorrow.

The results of 2015 in the agro-industrial complex industry State statistics of Ukraine usually calculate by April 1, April Fools' Day. Anyway, in 2016 - these events coincided.

Both that, and another cause excitement interest of Ukrainians.Regarding the indicators of the profitability of the agro-industrial complex, they are indeed atypical for the last year.

The average profitability of the crop production industry was 50% in 2015 against 29.2% in 2014.

Sunflower is a constant favorite

Sunflower is traditionally the most profitable crop in crop production, the average profitability over the past 10 years is 40%. At the end of 2015, sunflower, according to UkrGosstat, reached a record high of 80.3%. In 2014, farmers earned a more modest income from sunflower - 36.5%.

Today it is already clear that farmers will be forced to reseed a part of winter crops with spring crops, compensating for the undersowing of winter crops in 10% and replacing the dead in 13-15% of the area. And here the main "reserve player" in the fields continues to be sunflower, which traditionally occupies about 15-16% of all Ukrainian agricultural lands.

The high marginality of oilseeds attracts farmers so that many would gladly replace all dead winter crops with sunflowers, but it is limited by the high demands of the crop on soil and climate, as well as the requirements of crop rotation.

Although climatic changes have already "pushed" sunflower further to the north of the country, therefore, there is a possibility that the sown area under sunflower may exceed the maximum level taken already in 2012, -5.2 million hectares.

Vegetables at the peak of popularity

Open field vegetables "pulled out" in terms of profitability in second place in 2015. In Ukraine, the profitability of the production of open field vegetables is 47.6% according to the results of 2015, which is almost three times more than the level of 2014 - 16.7%, according to the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

This was due to the ultra-high prices for vegetables, which were established at the beginning of autumn.

The high profitability of vegetable production spurred the interest of producers in this segment and gives reason to predict an increase in the production of borsch set vegetables in 2016.

According to the results of the past season, the most profitable crops were white cabbage, tomatoes, onions, and carrots. The cost of growing vegetables in 2015 was 126.5 UAH / c, which is 37.5% higher than in 2014.

New players enter the vegetable growing industry every year, many agricultural holdings begin to grow vegetables and berries along with field crops in order to diversify the risks of agricultural production.

The acreage under vegetables due to the high profitability of 2015 will show growth to the maximum level - not less than 450 thousand hectares in 2016.

And here Ukraine still has many discoveries in the context of vegetable crops.

The promotion of a healthy lifestyle calls for expanding the range of vegetables and bringing it closer to European traditions - increasing the share of green crops, especially salads and other niche vegetables.

Today there is a danger of overproduction of vegetables in 2016. With the loss of the Russian market, there is practically nowhere to export vegetables in significant volumes, and the domestic market will not consume large volumes due to the growing poverty of the population.

Rape is going out of fashion

Rape is losing popularity among agricultural producers, despite an increase in profitability from 29% in 2014 to 44% in 2015.

In Ukraine, mainly winter rape is grown, which is becoming an increasingly risky crop due to the high probability of freezing and frequent autumn droughts, when it is sometimes simply impossible to sow a crop for the winter.

The costs of growing rapeseed are high, and with increasing risks, the area under crops is in a clear downward trend. In 2015, the minimum area for the 2016 rapeseed crop was sown in Ukraine - about 650 thousand hectares. Today, the death of this winter oilseed in some regions is 20-60% of crops.

Cereals are a great four

On the 4th place in terms of profitability in crop production - cereals and legumes. This group is primarily maize, but also wheat, barley, rye and other crops. Grain profitability rose from 25.8% in 2014 to 43.2% in 2015.

Corn is one of the main contenders for replanting winter crops and the leader in terms of sown area in Ukraine, along with sunflower. The advantages of corn are its unpretentiousness to soil and climatic conditions; it can be grown in almost all regions of Ukraine. Therefore, maize has a high chance of replacing winter crops in the fields.

Farmers are constrained by the high resource intensity of crops and the fall in world prices for this grain, which has been going on for two years. Taking into account the mood of farmers, corn may occupy about 4.5 million hectares.

Perhaps this indicator will be higher if the upward price trends in favor of corn, which we observed in February-March 2016, continue in the world market.

Today farmers are very interested in sowing barley. If the area under crops has been decreasing in the past 5 years, then in 2016 the area under spring barley will be increased by 22% to 2.15 million hectares.

There is a demand for Ukrainian barley in the world market, which has become one of the factors in favor of increasing the area under this crop.

Farmers with limited funding find it profitable to sow barley. Such crops will be more efficient even with low yields, since they require minimal costs.

In particular, in the Kherson region it is planned to increase the crops of spring barley by 30 thousand hectares. In the Vinnitsa region, it is planned to sow about 75 thousand hectares with spring barley. In total, 904.7 thousand hectares were sown with spring barley as of April 1, that is, almost half of the planned crops.

Speaking of wheat, it should be noted that the majority of Ukrainian production belongs to winter crops, not spring crops. For the 2016 harvest, farmers were unable to sow winter crops in full. Due to the autumn drought, the sown area under winter crops decreased to the minimum values ​​for a ten-year period - to 7.06 million hectares.

A large decline in areas under strategically important winter wheat, which sown for the next harvest amounted to 5.6 million hectares. Despite the fact that up to 60% of winter crops were at risk at the beginning of winter, today it is already clear that replanting will make up no more than 15% of the area.

According to the forecasts of the Association "Ukrainian Club of Agricultural Business" (UCAB), the harvest of winter grains (wheat, rye and barley) in Ukraine, while maintaining favorable weather conditions, will amount to 22.7 million tons.

Burnt soy

The soybean boom continues in Ukraine, although there has been less enthusiasm among agricultural producers. According to the State Statistics Service, soybeans ranked 5th in terms of profitability in 2015 - at 38.4%, but this indicator did not increase significantly, compared to 2014 - 34.5%.

Soy is a relatively new crop for Ukraine. The technologies for growing oilseeds are not as delicately perfected as, for example, for winter wheat, which has been cultivated for centuries in Ukraine.

The growth of soybean acreage at the boom level indicates that a large number of new players join the cultivation of a fashionable crop every year and the first experience of growing soybeans is not always successful. Ukraine has not yet achieved high levels of soybean yield.

The drought is partly to blame for this, and farmers already understand that soybean production will not be effective in all regions. However, a decrease in the area under crops is not expected, at least 2-2.2 million hectares will be sown by farmers in Ukraine.

Sugar bewilderment

In conclusion, about a crop that was not included in the TOP-5, but showed a decent profitability of 26.9% at the end of 2015 - sugar beet. Crop areas are decreasing every year.

After the sugar scandal that erupted in the spring of 2016 due to the interventions of the Agrarian Fund and the theft of sugar on an especially large scale from the warehouses of this department, farmers are at a loss as to whether it is worth sowing sugar beets.

After all, after these events, when the price of sugar in Ukraine fell below the cost price, in 2016 producers do not count on good earnings on beets. However, it is impossible to drastically change sowing plans, and farmers only hope for a favorable price environment, because a sugar deficit in 2017 is predicted all over the world.

Oksana Korol, an expert on agriculture, IC "Infoindustria"

See the full version of the article in the magazine "Agroindustry", which is available at the link:

Infoindustry

1. Guys, tell me. There is a fairly large land plot of 8 hectares, which I want to sow with vegetables for further sale. Which vegetables are the easiest to care for and the most profitable to sell? I would like all efforts not to be wasted, and the work was transformed into monetary profit!

2. Replies: 3 Views: 571

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture grow potatoes)

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture I suggest you grow garlic!

it is very profitable! if you paid attention to how much a head of garlic costs, then you will understand what I am talking about, and what profit you can get from your site! the culture is not very whimsical! so it does not require much expenditure, not financial, not physical.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture I propose to plant cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, garlic, onions, radishes, carrots, beets .. in other words, seasonal vegetables that yield more than once a year a harvest .. Since now is especially the season .. these are hot goods .. In the future, if you want to do seriously in this matter, then I would advise you to build a greenhouse (if there is an initial capital for it) I think it will pay off in the future. the most pleasure is to make a summer salad or cook a green borscht .. very convenient and most importantly, no need to buy ..

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture On the Agro-TV channel, I heard that recently a very promising crop - white lupine, is used in agriculture as a highly effective crop, a very high protein content, even ahead of soybeans. It is truly called the culture of the 21st century. Try it, surf the Internet, make inquiries. In my opinion, it is very tempting.

Well, as some were joking here - get stuck with horseradish, they don't sell it anywhere - you will support a domestic manufacturer.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture corn and sugar beet, profitable and easy to care for, !!!

I also recommend strawberries and raspberries,

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture The most profitable use of a large plot of land, in my opinion, is to plant walnuts there. Yes, this is a long time, but the price of a nut has not dropped for more than a dozen years. And if you wait five years, it will be much more profitable than potatoes or other vegetables.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture Straw potatoes. Just sprinkle potatoes on the ground in the spring and cover with a layer of 0.5 meters of straw, tamp and wait for the harvest. You don't need to do anything else, except sometimes sprinkle with water. In August, you remove the straw - and collect potatoes without digging anything.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture I don’t know about the vegetables. But I know he sows a field of 6 hectares with sunflowers. Um, of course he works in the field like a damn thing. but he has so much from him that it works only during the summer, roughly speaking. So I advise you to find out about them. It is very beneficial indeed.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture A profitable business is cucumbers tomatoes peppers in a greenhouse with a sequence of 10 thousand bucks a season you can hit

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture Potatoes are more popular, but corn can also be used in rural areas.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture I advise potatoes, once planted, then in the middle of summer I saved the rows of weeds, and in the fall you harvest, if from 3 acres every year, even in a drought, we get 10 packs of potatoes, then you will have several dozen tons from 8 hectares, by the way, you can still grow garlic, it does not require attention at all and grows heroically, it is not susceptible to any diseases.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture A friend planted as much as 20 hectares with garlic. He says that it is very profitable. Then he gives it to the shops.

Re: What kind of crop to grow and make money on agriculture grow potatoes)

Click to Expand ...

to make money you need to grow soybeans or rapeseed, which are the most demanded crops on the market

In the spring, super early potatoes, in the summer you dig up, and then cabbage.

potatoes, and onions, and carrots - all cultivation will be profitable if you deal with large volumes and are smart about your business.

Guys, tell me. There is a fairly large land plot of 8 hectares, which I want to sow with vegetables for further sale. Which vegetables are the easiest to care for and the most profitable to sell? I would like all efforts not to be wasted, and the work was transformed into monetary profit!

Click to Expand ...

It depends on what region you live in, and there is no culture that does not require careful care, there are subtleties everywhere. And usually people find out exactly what to plant by trial and error. Our neighbors grow zucchini and eggplants. But they also work in the garden all their free evenings and weekends.

it is best to grow tomatoes, they are not whimsical and are decent, but a lot depends on where you live

I support the idea at the expense of chisnoka this year I was going to plant a vegetable garden with this crop, but I lost time by the time the frosts would begin, and then you see, somewhere there is already.

Garlic or Onions are the easiest crops to grow. And it is better to put greenhouses (but decent ones, with heating) and grow herbs and vegetables in winter, like tomatoes and cucumbers. It is in the winter that your fruits will go to the restaurant for tremendous money!

Irina Nekrasova

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What crops are grown in your area? Explain the reasons.

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12 months ago

Natasha Lykosova 12 months ago

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Not all crops can be sown in the Kemerovo region, because it has snowy, cold winters and short but hot summers. In my area they grow: spring wheat, beets, buckwheat, barley, peas, carrots, potatoes, cabbage, oats, sunflowers. All of these plants are suitable for successful breeding in cold regions.

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