What mushrooms can be grown in the garden if there are no birches?

Do you want to have in your garden or in your summer cottage mushrooms, boletus and aspen mushrooms, chanterelles or porcini mushrooms? It is quite realistic and feasible. For this, only one condition is needed - that there are birches or spruces, pines or oaks on the site. After all, these mushrooms are closely related to the roots of trees and do not grow without their participation. When choosing forest mushrooms for growing in the garden, you must first of all focus on what trees grow on your site. If it is a birch, then you can grow a boletus, an aspen, a birch form of a porcini mushroom. If it is a spruce or pine, then you need to give preference to the spruce camelina or the spruce form of the porcini mushroom. Chanterelle, a very attractive mushroom, grows with both conifers and deciduous trees, while the golden yellow larch oiler, according to its name, grows only with deciduous trees. Why do forest mushrooms have such a close connection with the tree? The fact is that, braiding its root and even penetrating the cells, the mycelium forms a kind of complex - the fungus root, or mycorrhiza. Hence their name - mycorrhizal fungi.

Growing mushrooms.

This article will focus on growing mushrooms in natural conditions, there has already been a separate article on how to grow oyster mushrooms all year round (follow the link).
Few people know that the porcini mushroom, depending on which tree it forms mycorrhiza with, has up to 18 different forms. They can be distinguished by the color of the cap. For example, in the birch form, it is whitish or light brown. The best conditions for its cultivation are birch forests with a herb ground cover. For a pine or upland form with a brownish-cherry-red cap and a very thick leg, pine areas are suitable, where lingonberries, heather or lichen grow. This must also be taken into account when choosing porcini mushrooms for a garden plot.

The most unpretentious in growing mushrooms — honey mushrooms... They can be multiplied by collecting old mushrooms.

For this you need:
- crumble old mushrooms in water,
- insist them for 2 hours,
- pour onto the soil in a shaded area of ​​the garden or your plot so that the soil is well saturated with the prepared mushroom water.
- water the resulting mushroom plantation vigorously, keeping it constantly moist.

Even better mushrooms sprout in the container:
- prepare chocks - sawn wood blanks, like for firewood,
- make more cuts on these chocks or drill holes,
- infect with mushroom mycelium (mushroom spores - sold in special seed stores) or soak in the mushroom water obtained by the above method,
- place in a warm, damp place. A bathroom may be suitable for this,
- after germination, transfer to a plot or garden and bury these chocks halfway into the ground,
- the resulting mushroom plantation should always be watered abundantly, keeping it always moist.

Honey mushrooms accumulate poison the least, but anyway, when spraying the garden with chemicals, do not let the poison get into the mushroom plantation.

A few more ways to grow mushrooms on your site. 

Method 1. Overripe, old mushrooms are put in a wooden dish and poured with rainwater.It is kept for about a day, then stirred, filtered through a rare tissue. The resulting infusion with numerous fungal spores is poured over the soil around the tree from the trunk to the border of the crown. This method was successfully tested in a garden where several 25-year-old birches grow. According to experienced mushroom growers, the most favorable age of trees on the site for growing forest mushrooms under them is 10 - 30 years. But, of course, this is not a prerequisite.

Method 2. Where the necessary mushrooms grew, they carefully dig out small pieces of earth - myceliums. In the garden or on the site, they are carefully laid in prepared shallow pits, covered with a bedding of rotted, last year's leaves or needles and slightly moistened (but not much). If it is dry outside, the mushroom site is periodically lightly sprayed so that the soil below remains moist all the time. Pieces of mycelium are planted along the perimeter of the tree crown at a distance of 1.5-3 m from the trunk.

Method 3. It consists in using directly pieces of caps of ripe, old mushrooms. There are several options here.
First option.
Under the trees, pieces of caps of fresh ripe mushrooms are laid out on a loosened litter of last year's rotted leaves or needles. After 4-5 days, they are removed, and the bedding is moistened (sprayed). You can also use dried pieces of hats. Then they are placed under the litter.
Second option.
In mature, overgrown porcini mushrooms, the tubular part of the cap is separated, crushed into pieces up to 2 cm, then dried for 1.5 - 2 hours, while periodically stirring them. Then, with a wooden spatula, lift the upper part of the needles or rotted last year's leaves lying under your tree and put 2-3 pieces of mushroom there. Then the coniferous or leaf litter is compacted and carefully watered or sprayed. With all these methods, it will be possible to collect some mushrooms already next year. After another year, you can count on a richer harvest. Of course, due to the influence of various unfavorable weather factors, there may be failures in the first year. But, as a rule, there will still be a mushroom harvest in the second year, and no material costs are required, which in itself is already nice ..

Method 4.Breeding mushrooms on the site by transferring an old tree or hemp from the forest, chicks infected with mycelium. When transferring, this piece of wood should be placed in a pre-allocated place, similar to where it was brought from. And then it is necessary to maintain conditions favorable for the growth of any mushrooms. This is the presence of moisture, foliage on the ground, shade
You can also use a rotten tree or stump already available in the country for growing mushrooms. It is necessary to drill several holes in them and put mycelium there. And don't forget to water this mycelium.

If the plot is small and only fruit trees grow there, various mushrooms can be grown in the same ways in the nearest forest or grove where there are pines, spruces, oaks or birches at the age of 10-30 years. At the same time, you also need to choose a place similar to where the planting material was taken from (in terms of soil composition, tree species, the nature of the undergrowth, grass cover). Then created by you forest mushroom plantation, will provide you with a pleasant stay while hunting mushrooms and excellent delicacies prepared and real forest mushrooms.

After the initial cultivation of the mushrooms, they will reproduce on their own from year to year. This process can be repeated with a significant reduction in the plantation, for example, after a dry year.

Useful advice
When growing forest mushrooms do not forget the main rule - you need to plant them only under a tree of the species near which the mycelium or mushroom was taken for planting, since these forest dwellers are very attached to their neighbors. The best thing planting mushrooms spend in the fall, before the cold weather.

Plant mushrooms. "Who will plant them, they are mushrooms."But you can plant them, I checked in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And yet - by spores that ripen in the hat.

Everyone knows the "witch's rings" when mushrooms grow like a ring. The explanation is simple. The hat is round, not far from the ground, spores are poured out “for themselves”. The next year, the fungi grow in a small, dense ring. And again, everyone is dusting for themselves. And after 10-15 years, the ring reaches a diameter of 1-2 meters. This effect should be used, especially for the propagation of mushrooms in the forest, at their summer cottage, on an alpine hill.

This is done simply. As a rule, a mushroom picker, finding an old flabby or wormy mushroom, simply leaves it on the ground, and even turns the cap upside down. There is absolutely no sense from this. I do this. I take the hat and put it on a spruce branch, or prick it on a dry one. This kills two birds with one stone.

Firstly, the cap does not rot, but dries, the spores ripen and grow dusty over a large area. You look, and several new foci of myceliums are tied. Secondly, the mushroom dries up. And in winter, in the most hungry time for animals, you look, and will please any hare, squirrel or bird.

You work - 5 seconds, and the benefits are great. If every mushroom picker “picks up” at least 20-30 mushrooms per trip, then the number of mushrooms will become more and more, not less and less. Leave the mushrooms to your descendants, do not deprive them of this pleasure. Source - magazine "Do it yourself"

Mushrooms on the site

Believe it or not, up to 30 species of a wide variety of mushrooms can be grown on the garden plot. Of course, some of them settle in our gardens on their own, but we simply do not notice some of them, we kick others with our feet, considering them to be toadstools. However, despite the strong adherence of compatriots to porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms and similar gifts of the forest, it will not hurt to reconsider our attitude to some of them, growing literally under our feet, edible and tasty, but unfamiliar.

So, in Europe, the lilac-footed ryadovka is considered one of the most delicious mushrooms. On our site, it grows on potato ridges. The dissonant name dung beetle does not detract from the value of this mushroom, which can grow on a lawn, in a shady place on manured garden soil. When fried, to taste, the shaggy white dung leaves behind the most delicious mushrooms. Umbrella mushrooms, ring mushrooms, and several types of champignons willingly grow on composts. One hat of a variegated umbrella is enough for a whole frying pan. And what to say about shiitake - legends are made about the healing properties of this mushroom with the Japanese name.

My own practical experience confirms that it is possible to grow forest mushrooms on the garden plot - boletus, boletus, oil cans and others.

Very often, field or forest mushrooms appear on garden plots by self-seeding. The slender pig is often found in the beds with cucumbers, if they grow nearby: birches. On our lawn, fertilized with a fertile substrate, two species of edible spit fungus grow by self-seeding. Sometimes in the gardens you can find threshers in abundance. violins, morels and other mushrooms.

In addition to forest and field mushrooms, tree mushrooms - various types of oyster mushrooms - successfully grow in the open-air garden. mushrooms are summer, autumn and winter, and it is hard to believe. - shiitake. On compost beds, you can successfully grow mushrooms and ringworms. And now let's take a closer look at the mentioned mushrooms and the methods of growing them in the garden.

Macorizic mushrooms

These are mushrooms that live in symbiosis with trees, that is, their fruiting bodies are formed only after the mycelium is introduced into the roots of trees and the formation of mycorrhiza, or. in other words, fungus root. This is why many cap mushrooms grow only in the forest. Moreover, often a certain mushroom is confined to a certain tree species, as evidenced by the popular names of these mushrooms: boletus, boletus, boletus, etc.Different mushrooms have different preferences for soil fertility and acidity.

The relationship between the tree and the fungus, in general terms, is as follows: the host tree stimulates the growth of mycelium only if it lacks mineral substances. obtained from the soil. Then the branched hyphae of the fungus begin to supply the tree with mineral salts and water from the topsoil in exchange for carbohydrate nutrition in the form of tree sap with sugars. Therefore, porcini mushrooms are more likely to appear under a birch on poor sandy soil than on fertile soil. The question arises, how to make forest mushrooms grow in the garden?

White mushroom

White mushroom, or boletus (Boletus edulis). - the tubular mushroom is without a doubt the most welcome guest, both in the kitchen and in the garden. Its nutritional value and taste can hardly be overestimated. For a person who grew up in Russia, no mushrooms smell as pleasant as dried porcini.

It makes no sense to describe the appearance of the porcini mushroom, it is not familiar, perhaps, to newborns. But the fact that porcini mushrooms growing under different trees differ from each other in appearance is interesting.

Those. that grow under birches, the cap is light, the flesh is tender and, according to some mushroom pickers, the most delicious. Porcini mushrooms, shade under the spruce, darker. And the most beautiful white mushroom, with a red-brown cap, grows under a pine tree. It is believed that each of these varieties of white fungus forms mycorrhiza only with its own tree species.

The porcini mushroom on a dry matter basis contains 41% protein, which is more than in any other mushroom, and significantly more than in meat (31%).

Porcini mushrooms prefer sandy soils if they grow under birch trees; on fertile soils with a high nitrogen content, their fruiting bodies are formed worse. Although under oak trees, which are much more demanding on soil fertility, porcini mushrooms are more likely to grow in rich soil.

The birch form of the porcini mushroom is more common, since there are birches in almost every forest. The porcini mushroom prefers to grow under sufficiently mature trees - twenty years and older. If they are not there, then it is best to bring young birch trees from the forest, but those that grew near an adult birch, where porcini mushrooms were seen.

In this case, one can hope that the roots of the trees already have mycorrhiza.

It is easier to breed porcini mushrooms in the garden if there are adult birches there. I have tried two methods. The first method is simple, but not effective enough. It consists in the usual laying out of pieces of a mature mushroom under the leaf litter within a radius of 1.5 m from the trunks of birch trees. The second method turned out to be more productive, it is based on preparing a suspension of spores isolated from old mushrooms and sowing them.

Making a spore suspension at home

From the caps of large mature (and even overripe) porcini mushrooms collected in the forest under birches, it is necessary to separate the tubular layer (hymenophore), where spores form, pass this mass through a meat grinder, transfer to a container with water (1-2 kg of mushroom mass per 10 l of water) and mix thoroughly. Then add 15 g of dry baker's yeast to the mixture, mix again and leave everything to infuse (for convenience, the mixture can be poured into three-liter cans) at room temperature for two weeks. Soon, foam with pulp particles and small debris forms on the surface of the liquid.

In the middle of the container there will be a clear liquid, and at the bottom spores will collect in a layer of several centimeters.

The addition of baker's yeast spores to the spore suspension is very effective in stimulating their germination. Yeast is a nutrient substrate, and also helps to mix the crushed mass of mushroom pulp and release spores.

Sunlight falling on the plantation in the morning and in the evening stimulates the fruiting of the porcini mushroom.

The foam must be carefully removed from the surface with a spoon, the water must be carefully drained, and the sediment with spores from different containers must be combined into one jar and allowed to stand for another week. After that, drain the supernatant once more, and pour the remaining suspension with spores into plastic liter bottles and store in the refrigerator.

The finished spore suspension sometimes acquires a not very pleasant smell, but remains viable for a year.

It is advisable to use a suspension of spores within a month after preparation, since during long-term storage the activity of the spores decreases.

Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation

Before sowing, the suspension with spores must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 100. evenly pour the liquid under the birches (you can use a watering can with a strainer) and wait for the harvest. With good care of the plantation, the fruiting bodies of the porcini mushroom can appear as early as next year. What is this care?

As you know, all mushrooms love high soil and air humidity. Therefore, in the dry season, crops must be watered and protected from the hot midday sun. In the cultivation area of ​​porcini mushrooms, under the trees, it is advisable to plant shrubs or other plants that create a light shade and protect the area from the sun on the south side.

Watering is needed not only during the development of the mycelium in the soil, but also after the appearance of full bodies. In the second half of the day, when the sun's rays no longer fall on the plantation due to the crowns of trees and shrubs, it is advisable to arrange a slight "mushroom rain". that is, watering with a fine spray with water heated during the day.

After the night, the caps of the mushrooms are moistened with morning dew, then the moisture evaporates, and at this time the mushroom grows, since along with the evaporation of moisture, nutrients from the mycelium come into it. Then watering and drying out the caps in the evening also stimulates the growth of the fruiting body.

The introduction of mineral fertilizers into the soil can have a negative effect on the development of mycelium, therefore, they should not be used on a mushroom plantation.

Growing porcini mushrooms in garden plots with different conditions

In 2006, two different sites were "seeded" with a suspension of spores of porcini mushrooms collected in the forest and prepared according to the technology described above: one in the Moscow region, the other in the Tver region. On a plot of two hundred square meters near Moscow, sparsely growing birches of different ages were present; in the second plot, young birches grew. Previously, porcini mushrooms were not found in both garden plots. In previous years, pigs, russula and boletus were found on a site in the Tver region. In addition to the different ages of the birches in different plots, the differences in conditions were as follows: in 2007, which is considered non-fungal due to the dry summer, the plot outside Moscow was regularly watered, while the plot in the Tver region was not. Probably, these reasons led to different results, namely: in the first section, my work was rewarded with 20 porcini mushrooms for three waves of fruiting in August, in the second - porcini mushrooms never appeared.

Porcini and boletus mushrooms are in a competitive relationship, so it is better to sow their spores in different, isolated areas with birches.

It is obvious that the presence of old birches and regular watering have a beneficial effect on the growth of porcini mushrooms. One of the possible reasons for the absence of mushrooms in the second site, in my opinion, is the presence of the boletus mycelium, which is in competition with the porcini mushroom and suppresses the development of its mycelium.

Boletus and boletus

Both of these tubular fungi are widespread in our forests, including those near Moscow. They are. undoubtedly popular with their compatriots and very tasty.

The boletus (Leccinum) is represented by two species. In common with aspen, the boletus L. aurantiacum grows - a beautiful mushroom with a red cap and a leg covered with red scales.

Unfortunately, aspen is a rare tree species in the garden.

Another species of boletus, L. vulpinum, is found under the pines. He has a darker cap and black scales on the stem. Gardeners, especially in recent years, willingly plant pines and other conifers on their plots.

Aspen mushrooms grow better on poor sandy soils than on rich ones.

Fruit bodies of both species have a bright taste and a strong pleasant smell that is different from other mushrooms. Boletus boletuses are little affected by insect larvae and are well stored. It is the perfect mushroom for stir-fry. The mushroom pieces, which partially retain their shape when fried, form a tasty crust. Fried boletus has a slightly sour taste. Mahra (tubular layer), as a rule, is also suitable for soup and roast. The broth turns out to be dark, but thin slices of boletus caps with terry become a decoration of mushroom soup.

Many gourmets put boletus boletus to taste in fried and boiled form in the first place.

Boletus mushrooms have an undeniable advantage over porcini and aspen mushrooms: the likelihood of their appearance on the garden plot after sowing is much higher.

Boletus, or common boletus (Lec-cinuni scabrum). the taste is closest to porcini mushroom. At a young age, it has dense flesh and a beautiful velvety cap; in middle-aged boletus boletuses, the terry becomes loose. This mushroom is in many ways inferior to porcini and orange-cap boletus in consistency. Its less dense fruiting body contains more water and is poorly stored. The boletus legs quickly become stiff and fibrous. To make boletus boletus more attractive in dishes, remove the terry and pre-blanch them to remove some of the excess water.

With proper care of the boletus plantation, its yields are more frequent and higher than those of the porcini mushroom. With regular moistening of the earth, they can appear under the birches by themselves. On the garden plot, where the growth of mushrooms is under constant supervision, boletus mushrooms do not have time to worm, they can be collected in a timely manner, although under natural conditions these mushrooms are strongly affected by insect larvae and quickly deteriorate.

Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation in a garden plot

A joint suspension of boletus and boletus was prepared in the same way as in the case of porcini mushroom. Boletus spores, when standing in jars, settled in the form of a dark layer. The boletus spores mostly remained in the mixture with the pulp, poorly precipitating, so a suspension of spores had to be used together with the pulp.

Sowing of boletus and aspen mushrooms was carried out in August 2006 on a garden plot in the Moscow region throughout its entire territory, except for two acres allocated for the porcini mushroom.

In dry weather, the soil was regularly moistened, as on a plantation with porcini mushrooms. The mushroom site was protected from direct sunlight in the daytime by planting plants, but was illuminated by the morning and evening sun. When fruiting bodies appeared, watering was daily.

Mushroom harvest

Sowing spores, we hoped that the boletus would take root on the roots of the pine trees, and the boletus - on the roots of the birch trees. In 2006, one boletus grew on this site, and in 2007 there were none. The boletus boletus yielded large yields. For the sake of fairness, I must say that boletus boletus came across in this garden area in 2006 before our sowing. But in the non-mushroom 2007 they grew several times more than in the wet mushroom 2006.

However, we do not lose hope for good "harvests" of aspen mushrooms in the future: the appearance of even a single mushroom inspires confidence.

Chanterelles and dry milk mushrooms

Chanterelles and milk mushrooms are also mycorrhizal fungi. These mushrooms have gnmenophores. where the spores ripen, in the form of plates, therefore they are called lamellar. The chanterelle is in symbiosis with conifers, although it is also found in deciduous forests, and dry milk mushrooms form mycorrhiza with birches. Both mushrooms prefer calcareous soil.Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) grows steadily from June until frost, constantly and everywhere, even in a dry year.

In Europe, and in Russia, many people prefer chanterelles to other mushrooms. There are reasons for this. They are bright yellow so they are easy to find. They often come across in groups, so you can collect a lot of them. Even those who are not particularly versed in mushrooms know that chanterelles are not poisonous. Chanterelles often spontaneously appear in garden plots if there are conifers there.

As for the taste of chanterelles, their taste and smell, though mushroom, are weak. They are good in frying, as they are a little fried, but it is better to cook them together with other, more aromatic mushrooms. published

Growing mushrooms in the country, especially forest ones, can seem very exotic, and therefore difficult. In fact, this is not so - you just need to adhere to the basic rules, and delicious delicacies collected in your own garden will soon be on your table. Let's find out how to grow mushrooms in your garden.

Seat selection

To plant mushrooms on the site, you need to choose a place that resembles a forest as much as possible: those trees (deciduous or coniferous) should grow there, next to which the species you have chosen prefers to be. Often the name of the species itself speaks of the most favorable neighborhood: boletus, aspen, etc. If you plan to grow milk mushrooms, choose a place near a poplar, willow or birch.

For porcini mushroom, suitable neighbors are oak, beech, hornbeam, conifers. Agricultural crops should not be near - such a neighborhood will have a bad effect on the grown mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, you can use the place on the shady side of the wooden building. With long-cultivated species, for example, oyster mushrooms and champignons, there is less such hassle. The main thing is that the place is shaded and humid.

Growing method

Let's consider several ways how to grow forest mushrooms in the country.

Disputes

To grow mushrooms with the help of spores, you do not need to buy anything specifically, the planting material can be prepared at home. It is necessary to find in the forest representatives of the desired species with overripe caps, even wormy ones: spores develop in them, that is, mushroom seeds. You will need a container with water, preferably river or rain. To start the fermentation process, you need to dilute a few tablespoons of sugar or a leaven from kvass in water. After kneading the caps with your hands, add them to the water. You should get a homogeneous mass.

It should be infused for about a day, stirring regularly. It is possible longer (some sources indicate a period of up to several weeks). Use the starter caps no later than 10 hours after collection. They cannot be stored for a long time and even more so, they cannot be frozen - the spores will die and will no longer be able to multiply.

Strain the starter culture before planting and pour the resulting liquid into clean water (1:10). Pour the diluted spore concentrate onto the selected plot of land. If you plant mushrooms in this way, it is recommended to additionally mulch the area with fallen leaves: once after the mushrooms have been planted, then before the onset of cold weather, so that the layer is thicker.

Mushroom

Growing forest mushrooms in the garden is possible by replanting mycelium. The boletus takes root especially well. With this method of growing mushrooms in a summer cottage, the presence of forest trees is especially important, moreover, the same ones under which the mycelium grew in the forest. The place in the garden must be prepared in advance.

For breeding oil by this method, you need to select a soil with a high lime content and the proximity of pines. True, the first oiler will have to wait 3-4 years after transplanting, but the crop can be harvested from mid-May every three weeks. Boletus grown in the country are very large, with caps up to 10 cm.

Mycelium

You can plant mushrooms on the site using mycelium.This is the most traditional method commonly used by those involved in cultural oyster mushrooms and mushrooms, including on a commercial scale. Mycelium of mushrooms, including forest ones, is on sale. You can choose porcini mushrooms, boletus, milk mushrooms, chanterelles, all kinds of oyster mushrooms, up to pink ones, and many others.

The mycelium is of the compost type (sold already with soil) and grain. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the second type is used (a bag of seeds is still much more transportable than a bag of soil), so we will consider it. The area required for growing mushrooms or other mushrooms is usually indicated on the packaging, as are the special growing conditions. The first mushrooms will appear the next year after planting, and full fruiting will begin in 2 years.

Depending on the type of mushrooms and the conditions of maintenance, the harvest from one mycelium can be harvested from 2 to 5 years.

Landing

The best period for sowing mushrooms is from May to September. To propagate the mushrooms in the garden in one of the above ways, pick up a place about 50 cm from the tree and remove the top layer from the soil. Cover the area with a mixture of dead leaves, sawdust and dust. Then combine the same mixture with the soil and cover it on top of the first layer. The thickness of each layer should be about 10 cm. Then, depending on the method, apply a mixture of mycelium with a growth accelerator on top and carefully tamp or place the mycelium brought from the forest. Sprinkle the area with soil, water it well and cover with fallen leaves (current or last year, depending on the season).

If you wish, you can sow spores or mycelium into a ready-made substrate, which is sold in some garden centers. Some varieties (oyster mushrooms, for example) need to be bred in an upright position, so they require boxes with holes on the sides or hanging bags. Sowing is desirable in cool weather.

Care

Growing mushrooms require minimal maintenance - you just need to make sure that their area does not dry out. Vertically growing varieties must also be sprayed. In spring, for some species, it is advisable to add a growth activator to the soil (if you use industrial mycelium, this may be indicated on the package). Mushrooms do not need any other kind of feeding. Moreover, it is impossible to loosen the soil, which can damage the mycelium.

Harvesting

So, we looked at how to grow mushrooms in your own dacha. In conclusion, let's learn a few important rules that will come in handy when it's time to pick mushrooms. Mushrooms should not be plucked - this can damage the mycelium to such an extent that it stops bearing fruit. You need to carefully cut them with a sharp knife near the very base of the leg.

Even if the recipe only needs a hat, cut everything to the root: the remaining leg will rot and this process will quickly cover the entire mycelium. It is not recommended to use overripe mushrooms - they accumulate harmful substances and this can happen even if your summer cottage is located far from businesses or highways. It is advisable to prepare the harvested crop or preserve it as soon as possible.

Video "Growing mushrooms in the country"

In this video you will hear useful tips for growing mushrooms in the country.

White mushroom is considered the most valuable and most delicious mushroom. Finding such mushrooms in the forest was considered a great success. This species grows in forests that are at least fifty years old. However, progress does not stand still and gardeners have figured out how to grow porcini mushrooms in a country house or garden plot with their own hands. In this article we will show you how to do it step by step at home.

Porcini mushrooms and conditions for their growth in your country house

For good growth, porcini mushrooms need certain conditions - air humidity 60%. In drought conditions, even in the presence of moisture in the soil, the fungus stops growing. Since the body of the fungus is not protected from evaporation, it dries up.

Temperature conditions are essential for good growth. Spores of fungi can grow at a temperature of +9 degrees, but the optimum temperature for good growth of mushrooms is between +19 and +27 degrees. If the weather is warm and rainy, mushroom growth will continue for 30 days. A porcini mushroom can grow up to 13 cm, and the diameter of the cap of such mushrooms will be 17.5 cm.

The life span of mushrooms is 13-15 days. After this period of time, the stem of the fungus stops growing, after two days, the cap stops growing. When spores begin to form, the fungus grows old.

For growing mushrooms in the country, it is necessary to provide conditions close to forest

Conditions for planting boletus in a personal plot

Boletus grow in coniferous forests, as well as in birch groves and in places where oaks and aspens grow. The roots of these trees have a beneficial effect on the growth of mycelium. This feature should be taken into account when planting boletus in a personal plot. It is necessary to plant mycelium in the garden in the place where spruce or pine grows. The resin of these trees has an antiseptic effect, killing disease-causing infections around.

Boletus cannot stand the neighborhood with fruit trees! The mycelium of mushrooms does not take root near them!

If there are no pine trees in the garden, you can place the myceliums next to the pine tree buildings.

Mushrooms will grow in the garden if you choose the right place away from fruit trees

The technology of growing mushrooms in a cellar at home

There is no need to create additional lighting for the growth of mushrooms. Accordingly, they can be easily grown at home in the cellar, if you follow the cultivation technology. Boletus grown in the basement will differ from mushrooms grown in their natural habitat only by their lighter colored caps.

When preparing a room for the growth of boletus, you must adhere to these recommendations:

• the floor, walls and ceiling must be concreted;
• walls should be whitewashed with lime with the addition of copper sulphate. This will prevent the mycelium from becoming infected with all kinds of infections;
• equip additional air ventilation;
• the temperature in the basement must be maintained from +12 to +15 degrees;
• humidity in the basement must be at least 80%.If the humidity is below the required rate, create additional moisture;
• vents should be covered with mosquito nets to prevent insects from entering the basement.

To grow mushrooms, it is important to prepare the substrate. It can consist of sunflower seed husks, dry corn stalks, or deciduous tree sawdust. Dry the substrate well so that there are no signs of mold or rot. Treat it with hot water.

For growing boletus, it is better to use mycelium grown in a special laboratory. You can try to grow seed material from mycelium brought from the forest, but in this case, a positive result is not guaranteed.

In the cellar, mushrooms can even be grown in flower pots.

It is best to grow porcini mushrooms in boxes filled with substrate. To prepare the substrate you will need:

• hay;
• sunflower seed husks;
• sawdust.

Sterilize the substrate and then lay out in layers in boxes. Place the boxes on racks, at a distance of 7 cm from each other. The mycelium is buried 5 cm in the substrate. The room temperature should be 24 degrees, humidity 88%. There is no need to ventilate the room at this stage. After the first shoots appear, reduce the temperature to 10 degrees and begin to ventilate the room.

Watering is carried out twice a day using a spray bottle. Water for irrigation should be warm. Turn on the light for six hours a day. After 21 days, you can harvest.

Planting with mycelium

If the mycelium was taken in the forest for growing in a summer cottage, then it should be borne in mind that it must be planted under a tree of the same species, otherwise it will not take root. In order to plant mycelium, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil with a radius of 70 cm from the trunk under the tree. The depth of the removed layer should be 26-28 cm. Fill the resulting recess with the prepared substrate:

• soil taken under a tree;
• leaves and pine needles;
• bark of a tree under which myceliums are planted.

Growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale

Lay the mycelium on this mixture and sprinkle it on top with soil mixed with sand and pine needles, press lightly. Then pour the soil from the watering can and wait for the first mushrooms to appear.

You can also grow mushrooms from caps. To do this, collect ten mushroom caps with a diameter of 12-14 cm. Hats should not be wormy. Next to the tree where the mushrooms were collected, also collect:

• some soil;
• needles;
• leaves;
• twigs.

This will be needed when sowing. Rinse the collected caps, place in a bucket of spring water, or water collected during the rain for 24 hours. After this time, knead the caps well until smooth. You can grind them through a sieve. Drain the water separately into a container and start preparing the beds.

The top layer of soil next to the tree must be loosened, poured with water left over from soaking the mushroom caps. After the moisture is absorbed, you need to evenly scatter the grated caps over the surface, sprinkle with soil taken under this tree and pour water on top. The soil must be constantly watered moderately. Water consumption under one tree is 40 liters. The water temperature for irrigation must match the ambient temperature.

When growing mushrooms from caps, you need to choose overripe fruits

Dilution with solution

To grow mushrooms with a solution, you need to take overripe mushrooms and chop them finely. Add 1 tablespoon flour and 1 tablespoon of gelatin to the chopped mushrooms. Pour water into this mixture, mix everything thoroughly and pour this solution near the trees. When this solution merges with tree roots, a fungus root is formed. After two seasons, the first crop of porcini mushrooms can be harvested.

By the method of instillation in the summer cottage

To grow mushrooms in this way, you must:

1. Gather young mushrooms and chop finely.
2. Place finely chopped mushrooms next to the tree.
3. Sprinkle with plenty of water. Water consumption per tree is 40 liters.
4. The first crop can be harvested after 12 months.

A bed prepared for growing mushrooms using the burial method

Using mycelium in the garden

If the mycelium is purchased in a specialized store, then it can be planted in May. Sowing work on sowing mycelium can be carried out until September.

How to plant. Technology for beginners:

1. The site for growing must be chosen under a tree, where there is a sufficient level of humidity and lighting. On an area of ​​3 sq. meter, it is necessary to remove 30 cm of the upper soil layer (the mycelium package is designed for such an area).
2. We line the bottom with a layer of pine needles, put leaves and bark from the trees, under which the porcini mushrooms grew. The litter layer should be at least 10 cm.
3. Sprinkle with humus.
4. Mix mycelium with sand and sow on prepared bedding. To prevent leaching of the mycelium, it must be sprinkled with humus on top. The layer of humus should be at least 4.5 cm thick.
5. Water the area with drip irrigation. If there is no such watering, then you can use a watering can.
6. Make sure that the soil in the garden does not dry out.

After a while, a mycelium forms at the landing site. With this method of cultivation, you can harvest mushrooms from one place for five years.

When growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium, you can harvest an impressive harvest

Reproduction of boletus by spores in the garden

If the mushrooms have grown a little, they can be multiplied with the help of spores. To do this, you need to take an overripe mushroom, select all the pulp from the cap... It resembles a sponge in structure. This pulp contains the spores of the fungus. Chop the pulp with a knife or grind in a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous mass. Place the resulting mass in a two-liter bottle, add 3 teaspoons of sugar, 20 grams of baker's yeast, pour this mixture with rain or spring water and place for 10-14 days in a warm and dark place.

Further 150 gr. dilute the resulting liquid in 10 liters of water, strain through several layers of gauze, pour into a watering can. Spill with this solution near growing trees. You can also water a bed of freshly planted strawberries.

In order for the spores to penetrate deeply into the soil, it is necessary to shed these areas with rainwater on top. The places where the spores were planted must be kept moist. For the next season, you can harvest mushrooms.

Subject to the technology of growing boletus, taking into account the peculiarities of growth and adhering to the recommendations, the cultivation of mushrooms is quite realistic.