How to grow tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse in winter?

Tomato is the main crop of greenhouses. Hobby growers strive to harvest fresh vegetables all year round from their own greenhouses and greenhouses. Growing thermophilic South American plants requires skills and understanding of the physiology and requirements of the culture for growing conditions. To know how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, getting a bountiful harvest, study the proposed recommendations and follow the advice of experienced gardeners.

How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter

For the effective cultivation of tomatoes in winter, a number of preparatory measures are carried out:

1. Seed treatment.
2. Soil preparation.
3. Providing additional lighting.
4. Greenhouse disinfection.
5. Air heating and ground heating.

Tomatoes in a winter greenhouse

When growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, the choice of variety is of great importance. The peculiarities of agricultural technology and the volume of the harvest depend on it. For the autumn-winter culture, only winter varieties of tomatoes are suitable that are resistant to lack of light, self-pollinated and cold-resistant.

How to prepare a greenhouse

For winter cultivation of tomatoes, glass greenhouses or polycarbonate structures are suitable. If the greenhouse is not new, then the following activities are carried out:

• necessary repair work;
• removal of plant residues;
• revision of plumbing, lighting and heating systems;
• removal of the topsoil to reduce the risk of morbidity (10-15 cm);
• digging soil onto a shovel bayonet;
• disinfection of surfaces;
• soil disinfection with 1% potassium permanganate solution or 3% nitrafen solution;
• fertilization.

Soil preparation

After completing all the listed activities, they begin to work with tomatoes.

What varieties to choose for indoor

For growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, only hybrid seeds are used. When choosing, comply with the requirements:

• indeterminacy of the variety;
• immunity to top rot;
• early maturation;
• fruit size and quality;
• disease resistance at the genetic level;
• plant power;
• frequent arrangement of inflorescences;
• yield.

Seed selection

Indeterminate tomato varieties are cultivated in greenhouses from autumn to spring. This species is characterized by an active constant growth of shoots and branching. The first branches are given by stepchildren of the second, third orders. Inflorescences are formed after 10-14 leaves, the subsequent ones go through 3-4 leaves. Tomatoes are regularly nailed and tied up.

Indeterminate growth type

In modern hybrids, even with a significant drop in soil moisture, fruit cracking does not occur. Of interest are hybrids with a short and thin inflorescence axis that does not break.

Fruit alignment is characteristic of new hybrids. They are all practically the same size in the brush and throughout the plant.

When choosing a variety, hybrids will be preferable: Divo F1, Evpator F1, President F1, Raisa F1, Anabel F1. High-growing and climbing varieties De Barao and Vnukovsky are popular among vegetable growers.

De Barao variety

Seed material is purchased in special stores. When checking the date on the bag, it should be remembered that after two years from the date of collection, the germination of seeds is significantly reduced.

Hybrid F1 President

Technology for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

Is it possible to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter on my site, what is the cultivation technology? In temperate latitudes, cultivation in closed ground makes it possible to harvest an early harvest. In the south, greenhouses create a year-round fruiting cycle. The application of mandatory rules of agricultural technology and agrochemistry, as well as maintaining the proper lighting, watering and feeding regimes, bring a long-awaited harvest.

Preparing the soil for the beds

The soil mixture for growing tomatoes is made up of equal parts of turf and humus. Pour the mixture with a layer of 10-12 cm on preheated biofuel. The soil is periodically poured onto the roots, bringing the layer to 20 cm.If it is not possible to use biofuel, then the substrate is poured into 16-18 cm, and during the growing season it is brought to 25 cm.

The tomato culture feels great on a substrate of weathered, decomposed high-moor peat.

In home greenhouses made of polycarbonate, tomatoes are successfully grown on straw bales, using them as biofuel. With this method, the plants almost do not suffer from streak, brown spot and root rot. The crop is harvested 7-10 days earlier than on the soil substrate.

Bushes on straw bales

Any straw is used, but not treated with herbicides. For 1 m2, 10-12 kg of straw will go. The soil is disinfected with potassium permanganate or nitrafen. You can not disinfect at all if you put plastic wrap under the straw.

The bales are poured with boiling water, sprinkled with dry fertilizers and poured again from a watering can to achieve complete saturation with fertilizers. Then again scalded with boiling water.

The active life of microorganisms begins, which is accompanied by a rise in temperature to 45-50 degrees. After 7-8 days, cooling occurs, at a temperature of 35 degrees, a layer of soil 10 cm thick is applied.For 100 kg of straw, you will need:

• 1 kg of lime;
• 1.3 kg of urea;
• 1 kg of potassium nitrate;
• 1 kg of superphosphate;
• 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate.

Sowing seeds

During the growing season, the surface of the bales is mulched twice with chopped straw. When planting, seedlings are deepened into the body of the bale.

Growing seedlings with your own hands

In both spring and winter, productive tomato cultivation in a greenhouse begins with healthy planting material. Growing seedlings with your own hands is easier than it seems:

1. Sowing substrate is prepared from turf, peat or humus. If the sod land is clayey, then sand is added. The soil mixture is sterilized with a solution of potassium permanganate. Soil steaming is practiced.
2. Seeds are sown in special boxes, followed by picking, which is carried out in peat pots or tablets.Drainage is placed on the bottom of the container - expanded clay, perlite, crushed pine bark, and soil mixture is poured, without adding 1 cm to the edge. The soil is tamped.
3. On the surface, grooves are made with the edge of a ruler or with a stick and prepared (pickled and hardened) seeds are laid out to a depth of 0.5 cm with an interval of 3-4 cm between them.
4. Dust with soil mixture through a strainer, sprinkle with heated water and cover with glass.
5. Sprouted seeds germinate in 2-3 days. The glass is removed and the boxes are placed in a cool room with a daytime temperature of 14-16 degrees and 10-12 degrees at night.

Seedlings

This regime gives a powerful growth of the root system. Then the temperature is raised again to 18-20 degrees during the day, and at night the heat is kept at the level of 12-14 degrees. At this time, the illumination of the seedlings with fluorescent lamps is mandatory. In January-February the duration is 12-14 hours, in March 8-10 hours.

Picking and feeding seedlings

When two true leaves appear, the plant is transferred to peat-humus pots, cubes or paper cups. During this period, the main thing is not to be late. In the phase of formation of the first true leaf, root tubercles are formed in large numbers - these are the embryos of future roots. If you delay the pick, then thin delicate roots will already appear from them, which will break with future transplantation and the tomato will weaken.

When transplanting, pinch off the main root by 1/3. This simple technique stimulates the formation of a branched, fibrous root system.

Pinching the root

For transplanting seedlings, take a mixture of the same composition as for sowing. Plants are sent to a pot, deepening it to the cotyledons, and compacting the soil. To the edge of the container, leave space for watering and the next filling of soil. After transplanting, the container with seedlings is removed deep into the room and the illumination is stopped for 3-4 days.

Then the cups are placed in a lighted place and the illumination lamps are turned on again. Water it moderately, 2-3 times every 7-8 days. To obtain strong seedlings, fertilize 3 times:

1. The first time 7 days after the pick on a clear day.
2. The second feeding is done after the formation of the third leaf.
3. The third after the fifth.

Planting in a pot

The composition of the mixture: 1 l of water, 1.5 g of ammonium sulfate. For winter greenhouses, seedlings aged 45-50 days are suitable.

Transfer to a garden in a greenhouse

One to two weeks before planting in permanent holes, grown seedlings are transferred to a pre-heated polycarbonate greenhouse. This is done to get used to the new place and microclimate. After that, young plants are planted in a prepared place.

7-10 days before planting, tomatoes are treated with a 5% solution of copper sulfate by spraying the leaves to prevent fungal diseases. Before planting, it is poured into the wells with a solution of potassium permanganate (2 g per 10 l of water).

Following the technology of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, seedlings are placed in a tape manner with an interval between rows of at least 70 cm and an interval between bushes of at least 60 cm. Rows are arranged in the direction from south to north. In this case, the tomatoes will be as illuminated as possible.

Tape method of planting tomatoes

The wells are watered abundantly, after adding sodium humate to the water (1 tablet per bucket of water). After feeding with a natural stimulant, strong bushes with good immunity will grow.

Young tomatoes, together with a peat-peat pot, are placed in the hole, deepening to the cotyledons, crushing the ground around the stem. The soil is mulched with humus. Tying is started in 3-4 days.

For a garter, a trellis is installed. At a height of 1.8 m, a strong wire is pulled along the landings, attaching it to the supports installed at the end of the rows. Take the cut twine. One end of the rope is tied under the first or second sheet with a soft, free loop, the second is fixed to the wire. During the growing season, the stem is wrapped around the twine.When twisting, make sure that the rope is not over-stretched, otherwise the plant may be pulled out of the substrate.

Garter

Secrets of caring for tomatoes

Having finished planting seedlings, you need to move on to the next stage - where to start further caring for tomatoes in order to achieve high yields. Since the soil is well moistened during planting, the next time you can water it only after 10 days. Also, all care activities begin no earlier than this period.

The main stages of cultivation

The main steps of caring for tomatoes are reduced to watering, feeding, maintaining the correct microclimate in the greenhouse, and combating pathogens and pests.

Watering begins after the seedlings have fully rooted. Excessive soil moisture causes decay of root hairs and death of the bush. In a winter greenhouse, watered every 8-10 days. If the earth dries out faster, then the temperature is lowered.

Watering rates increase with growth. If at the beginning of the growing season it takes 5-7 liters per 1 m2, then at the beginning of the flowering phase it is already 12 liters, in the phase of fruit setting and fruiting it is 15 liters per 1 m2.

Watering

Humidity for normal development

In greenhouses, due to the continuous transpiration of tomato leaves, increased humidity is observed, condensation accumulates. On days when the sun shines during the day, the temperature under the glass rises to 30 degrees and above. In such conditions, the tomato bush sheds flowers. Drops of condensation fall on the leaves, carrying viruses and fungal spores with them. To avoid an outbreak of disease, the greenhouse is ventilated. To do this, open the vents.

Tomatoes do not need strong drafts, but a light breeze will carry away excess moisture. In warm weather, the through vents are kept open all day. It is good to hang a hygrometer in the greenhouse and keep the air humidity at 60-70%. This indicator also speaks of normal soil moisture.

Thermohygrometer

Ideal temperature conditions

The cornerstone in the technology of growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate winter greenhouse is the correct temperature regime. The main point is maintaining a balance between night and day thermometer readings. With a difference, for example, the daytime temperature of +30 degrees and the nighttime temperature of +10, the subtropical tomato will die.

The most comfortable mode for a tomato bush is a temperature of 22-25 degrees during the day. The highest score is +28. If the temperature still rises and lasts for a long time, then the plant loses leaves, flowers, buds and ovaries. The night temperature should remain 16-18 degrees. Do not allow it to drop to +15.

Secrets of flower pollination

Amateur vegetable growers do not understand how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter if there are no pollinating insects at this time. For this, parthenocarpic hybrids are used, which are pollinated independently. However, there are often difficulties with this.

Artificial pollination

Moist air makes pollen viscous, it ceases to be crumbly and pollination does not occur. In this case, instead of bees, people help the plants, doing important work with their own hands.

With a brush with natural bristles, touch the flowers on the second day after full disclosure. This should be done at a temperature of 23-24 degrees and a humidity of 70%. Pollen in such conditions is the most crumbly and easy to carry.

Top dressing for proper development

Tomatoes are a very demanding crop of nutrients. During the growing season, it is fed 3-4 times.

Nitrogen fertilizers are in demand during the growth of stems and leaves. At this time, fertilizing is carried out containing urea or ammonium nitrate. A good result is obtained from a complex mixture containing mineral and organic substances: 0.5 l mullein + 1 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate for 10 liters of water. You can take 250 g of bird droppings in a bucket of water and keep it for at least 24 hours. This mixture is added 2-3 liters per hole under the root.

For growing in winter, mineral fertilizers are needed for tomatoes no less than organic ones. It is easiest to use complex mixtures containing all the main trace elements: ammophoska and nitroammophoska.

In the absence of complex fertilizers, prepare the mixture yourself. Potassium magnesium or potassium sulfate, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate or urea are mixed. All ingredients are taken in equal amounts. Such feeding is carried out from the beginning of fruit setting.

Tomato is picky about the content of trace elements. With their lack, diseases arise, immunity decreases. Foliar dressing with a solution of microelements is useful once a month:

• manganese sulfate - 4 g;
• sulphate copper - 2 g;
• boric acid - 2 g;
• zinc sulfate - 2 g;
• water - 10 liters.

Top dressing

Bushes are processed in the evenings or in cloudy weather, so as not to burn the leaves. Mineral dressings are applied dry at the root, but solutions are also practiced. If you use dry mixes, the absorption of nutrients is slower.

Pinching scheme

Grassing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions

Grasshopping is the removal of secondary shoots that appear in the leaf axils. Often only one lower first stepchild is left and a bush is formed from two stems. This is done to get early fruits, increase the duration of fruiting and increase yields. The work is carried out in the morning, when the stepsons are fragile, it is easy to break them off. The length of the regrown shoot should not exceed 3-5 cm.

For better ventilation and prevention of fungal and viral diseases, the lower leaves in contact with the soil are removed. For the prevention of late blight, the rows are irrigated once every 10 days from a spray bottle with a solution of "Fitosporin" according to the recommendations from the instructions.

Removing stepchildren

Greenhouse lighting and heating

There is not enough solar heat or biofuel alone to heat a winter greenhouse. The following methods are used:

1. Stove. A profitable option in terms of economy, but fire hazardous and traumatic.
2. Gas. Provides for the installation of gas-fired heaters. A special ventilation system is required.
3. Electric. The ease of such heating captivates many gardeners who plan to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in the winter, when there is a blizzard and frost outside.

All kinds of thermal heaters are in abundance on store shelves. The most inexpensive is infrared heating. In cold regions, soil heating is needed.

Tomato is a light-loving culture. He needs lighting for at least 10 hours a day. Growing tomatoes in a winter greenhouse is impossible without additional lighting.

Fluorescent lamps are considered a good option. They contain blue in their spectrum, which is important for plant development. Such lamps do not heat up and consume a little electricity.

A more rational option for lighting are sodium lamps, which contain blue and red radiation in the spectrum, which brings it closer to the solar spectrum. Such illuminators are produced specifically for greenhouses, supplying them with mirror reflectors, which significantly increases the efficiency of the device.

Idea for business

Productivity of winter tomatoes - is it possible to grow for sale

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, summer residents often achieve more serious yields than in a vegetable garden. A favorable microclimate is created, the plant is in comfortable conditions without changes in temperature and humidity.

Harvesting in winter and early spring is a good business idea. At a time when the market lacks the necessary amount of vitamin products, it will be very timely to offer tomatoes grown on their own farm. Their prices are much higher than at the peak of tomato ripening in summer.

Dutch hybrids yield in our greenhouses on 6-8 clusters. This is about 600-700 g of fruit. A greenhouse average of 7 brushes per stem is a good result.

Video: growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter

Information on how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter will be useful to those gardeners who want to get their own vitamin products for their families. But those who are going to start their own business of producing tomatoes for sale will find useful advice. Observing the recommendations, vegetable growers will achieve the planned harvest.

Video: Real experience of growing tomatoes in winter

Video: Indeterminate and determinant varieties

Video: How to lower the main stem in indeterminate varieties

Video: Five rules for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

Constant study of theory and practice is the key to successful growing tomatoes in cold winter in a home polycarbonate greenhouse. Do not fail to get upset if the result did not meet expectations, next year everything will work out.

Tomato grown in a heated greenhouse

In order to grow tomatoes in the cold autumn-winter period, you need to make a lot of effort, since you will have to create special conditions for the plants.

It will be necessary before the onset of cold weather:

• build a winter greenhouse;
• bring up heating, lighting and irrigation systems;
• think over the ventilation system;
• select varieties of tomatoes suitable for growing.

There is a huge amount of video materials on the Internet that tell about various methods and technologies to make it real to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter.

Let's take a closer look at what and how to do to get a tomato crop in a greenhouse in winter.

How to prepare a greenhouse?

Heated greenhouse for winter growing vegetables

We will not dwell on the fact that only glazed or polycarbonate greenhouses with an additional lighting and heating system are suitable for winter growing of tomatoes. (See Polycarbonate Greenhouses)
Let's take a closer look at how to prepare a greenhouse with your own hands in the fall in order to grow tomatoes in winter.

So, first of all:

• If necessary, repair work is carried out and greenhouses are glazed.
• Cleans from various impurities.
• Heating, lighting and water supply systems are checked and brought into working order.
• If any vegetable crops have already been grown in the greenhouse, then it is imperative to disinfect both the soil and all metal and wooden surfaces.
• Dig the soil to a depth of at least 20 cmintroducing by 1-2 buckets compost per m2. In addition to organic fertilizers, 1m2 apply the following mineral fertilizers:

1. potassium magnesium -50g;
2. double superphosphate -50g;
3. potassium chloride - 30 g;
4. copper sulfate - 5g;
5. ferrous sulfate - 5g.

Important: if cucumbers were grown in the greenhouse, then compost should not be applied. Instead, it is better to add 1 bucket per 1 m2 of crushed sphagnum peat, or sawdust.

• A couple of days before planting the seedlings in the greenhouse, you need to spill the soil abundantly to a depth of 10-20 cm, and then cover it with a transparent film.

If the greenhouse is prepared, then it is necessary to decide on the varieties that are planned for growing tomatoes in the greenhouse in winter. (See How to Harvest a Good Harvest)

Which varieties should you choose?

It should be remembered that not all hybrids and varieties of tomatoes are suitable for growing in winter greenhouses. From the huge number of varieties on the market, you need to choose those that are able to withstand a lack of lighting, are resistant to various infectious diseases, and also have good taste and give a bountiful harvest.

Experts recommend such proven varieties that are resistant to most diseases as:

• Vnukovsky;
• "Moscow Autumn";
• Carlson;
• "Martin";
• Sobeto;
• Revermoon;
• "Solveig".

Seedling preparation

Tomato seedlings ready for transplanting

In order to carry out the cultivation of tomatoes in the winter in a greenhouse, seedlings begin to grow in the fall: in the second half of September and until the beginning of November.

If you plan to plant seedlings in a permanent place until January, then it is watered with warm water and kept at air temperature + 20 + 220С, and humidity 65-70%.

In the event that the seedlings will be planted in the greenhouse only in January, then here are the instructions on how to save it:

• After 5 and 6 true leaves appear on the tomato plants, the temperature in the greenhouse is lowered to + 6 + 70C, and the humidity level is reduced to 60-65%.
• Two weeks before transplanting tomato seedlings into the greenhouse soil, watering is carried out with warm water, and the temperature in the greenhouse is also raised to + 20 + 230C.

Advice: it is advisable to increase the temperature in the greenhouse gradually, so as not to cause a temperature shock in the seedlings, because of which it can stop its growth and development.

• Be sure to feed seedlings with complex mineral fertilizers.

Landing scheme

Before starting planting, you need to select only healthy, without various defects and damage, seedlings, aged 50-60 days.

Seedlings are planted in holes on a flat surface using a string and a marker stretched from the greenhouse.

As a rule, when growing tomatoes in winter in a greenhouse, a two-line ribbon planting scheme is used. With this planting scheme, there are 3-4 plants per 1m2.

A distance of 90-100 cm is maintained between the tapes. and between the rows in each tape 50-60cm... they try to maintain a distance of 40-50 cm between plants in a row.

Seedlings are planted vertically, while they are buried in the soil along the cotyledons. After all the plants have been planted, twine them, picking them up under 3-4 sheets, or under the first brush, tied to a wire stretched along the rows of tomatoes.

Tomatoes tied in twine

Then the soil between the rows is loosened and leveled. As the tomatoes grow, the tops of the plants are twisted around the twine, not forgetting to remove the appearing stepchildren (see Tomatoes, why is it necessary?). The formation of tall (indeterminate) plants is carried out in one stem.

Formation of tomatoes into one or two stems

Determinant and semi-determinate varieties usually form in two stems, leaving a shoot located under the first inflorescence. About a month before the end of the growing season, the tops of all shoots are pinched off all plants, leaving 1-2 leaves above each inflorescence.

Tip: plants belonging to tall varieties of tomatoes are given the opportunity to grow up to 2 m and form 8-10 brushes, after which they must pinch the apical growth point.

Plant care

Tomatoes grown in a greenhouse develop optimally at an air temperature of + 22 + 250C, and a soil temperature of + 18 + 200C.

Water the plants as the soil dries up, with warm water, the temperature of which should be close to the temperature of the soil. As a rule, watering is carried out in the morning. Do not allow the soil to dry out excessively, since its price can be very high: growth arrest, disease, both the bushes themselves and the fruits, dropping flowers and ovaries.

Throughout the growing season of tomatoes, the soil between the rows is periodically loosened, and fertile soil is poured under the plants.

From the time the fruits begin to ripen on the bushes, 2-3 leaves a week are removed above the first brush, starting with yellowed, and then green. Thanks to such actions, the illumination of plants in the lower tier and air exchange are improved, in addition, the fruits are less susceptible to various viral and fungal diseases (see Diseases of tomatoes: their varieties and how to deal with them).

Important: when removing leaves, remember that there should always be 15-16 healthy leaves on the plant. You can see how this is done in industrial greenhouses in the photo below.

Tomatoes with bottom leaves removed

To obtain a good harvest of high quality fruits, plants need to receive the optimal amount of nutrients throughout the growing season.

Every two weeks, plants are fed with mineral fertilizers, since tomatoes can be grown in a greenhouse in winter only on well-fertilized soil with constant additional nutrition.

Before flowering, the concentration of mineral fertilizers dissolved in water should be no higher than 0.5-0.7%, and during the period of fruit setting and active fruiting - from 0.9 to 1%.

At the stage of flower formation, tomatoes are fed with the following mineral fertilizers dissolved in 10 liters of water:

• superphosphate - 40g;
• potassium salt - 15g;
• ammonium nitrate - 15g.

The resulting working solution is consumed at the rate of 10 liters for each 1m2.

During flowering and fruit setting, the fertilizer dose is increased by 1.5-2 times.

In winter growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, to enhance the photosynthesis of plants, the air in the greenhouse is enriched with carbon dioxide. For this, tanks filled with an aqueous solution of a mullein are installed in the greenhouse.

How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse: tips for gardeners

Similar articles

If you decide to start this business, you need to remember the main thing. You can create a competitive product only by taking care of its quality. In this business, it will not be possible to save on fertilizers and equipment. Because this is a surefire way to lose a customer. If you take care of your target customers, they will help you fill your wallet decently, as growing tomatoes is a very profitable business.

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Here you need to know that not every variety of tomato seedlings is suitable for a greenhouse. There are many serious requirements for such varieties. For example:

In what place it needs to be built (it is better if it is a leeward place: it is usually warmer there, so you can also save on heating the greenhouse).

The variety is quite resistant to root and apical rot.

Choosing a variety for growing in a greenhouse

Launch bees for pollination;

Install an irrigation and ventilation system;With the correct organization of the greenhouse economy, a rich harvest of tomatoes can be grown even in Siberia. Especially if you cultivate unpretentious and versatile F 1 hybrids.

After harvesting tomatoes, various infections can accumulate in the ground, including late blight pathogens.

Blue - tomatoes of an unusual color, red with purple sides. Fruits of medium size, convenient for canning, are also good fresh, the flesh is pink, tasty.

Tomato is a well-known and beloved vegetable. It is now grown even beyond the Arctic Circle, and once it was considered a poisonous plant. It took humanity just over 300 years to appreciate this unusual, juicy, tasty and healthy fruit, which, in fact, is a large berry.

Tomato varieties for greenhouses

Related videos:

There is another trick to growing tomatoes in winter. To improve photosynthesis, greenhouse air should be periodically replenished with carbon dioxide. For this purpose, special containers are installed in greenhouses and filled with mullein solution.

The seedlings must be resistant to lack of light.

• From what kind of material should the greenhouse be built (it is preferable to choose a material that retains heat better).
• Can be grown both in plastic greenhouses and in the open field.
• Ventilate the room and maintain humidity and temperature, that is, create conditions under which self-pollination occurs;
• Will take care of additional lighting.
• It is not difficult to achieve such results!

It is imperative to disinfect the soil, otherwise a rich harvest cannot be achieved.

• Grapefruit - tall, large-fruited, up to 1.2 kg, marbled yellow-red pulp, very tasty.
• The harmonious combination of vitamins and microelements has been keeping tomatoes in the forefront in organizing proper nutrition for a long time. Fresh vegetables contain B vitamins, C vitamins, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc.

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Germination of seeds and the timing of planting seedlings

Today we will tell you in detail how to grow tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse. Food products are among the essential goods, on which Russians spend 60 to 80% of their budget. Therefore, consumers will buy them in any economic situation, in any season. This is a product that occupies a leading position in the market. Its production and sale is one of the most profitable business niches. Therefore, a novice businessman should think about how to start his own business, how to grow tomatoes, collecting a good harvest for sale. This business has its own nuances, we will talk about this below.

Disease resistance of seedlings.

The north-south position of the greenhouse ensures better solarization.

Pink indeterminate tomatoes

Pollination using an electric toothbrush - when it is turned on, the bristles are brought to the flower for a few seconds and the vibration contributes to pollination.

Tomatoes are transferred to a permanent place together with a part of the soil and do not sink into the hole, but remain 1.5 - 2 cm above it. This is justified by the fact that the roots of the plant first avoid contact with the ground and, therefore, the risk of infection.

Growing a tomato in a greenhouse is a very exciting activity. You can enjoy natural vegetables without harmful additives from your own garden. In the presence of favorable conditions, the crop can be harvested almost all year round.

This can be done with the help of the Fas sulfur checker.

Experienced gardeners prefer universal varieties, although you can distinguish "pickling", designed specifically for canning. Their distinguishing feature is their low weight, thick skin and uniform size.

• Tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse
• Growing vegetables in winter is not difficult, but only if there are well-equipped greenhouses: with lighting, heating and an irrigation system. Growing tomatoes in winter is no exception. In addition to providing technical aspects for productive cultivation, you will need to prepare the correct soil mixture and select the most optimal varieties of tomatoes, focused directly on planting in greenhouses.
• Visiting supermarkets, you may notice that at different times of the year the prices for tomatoes differ significantly.
• Pleasant taste and good harvest.
• In addition, you need to consider in which direction you want to position the greenhouse (coordinate system). Although this is a folk, not an agronomic, sign, nevertheless, it has survived the centuries and, therefore, must be reckoned with. So, about the coordinate system. It all depends on the geographic area. In some places, greenhouses (and beds) are usually located from north to south, in others - in the east-west direction. A lot depends on this: both the yield and the taste of future fruits, and even whether the greenhouse will be exposed to the invasion of any pests.

Another interesting variety - it stands out for its pink color of the fruit. There are a lot of varieties, but they all have one thing in common - excellent taste. And that does not matter with what to feed the plants - with self-prepared fertilizers or purchased in a store.

Preparing seedling beds

How successful the pollination took place will be known only after a week, when the ovaries begin to appear.

You need to transplant grown seedlings with a lump of earth

The content of tomatoes is relatively simple, it does not require deep knowledge. The video in this article will show in more detail information on this topic.
Before growing tomatoes in greenhouses, you need to know that the quality of the soil is of great importance. Excellent tomatoes grow on good soil.
Preparing seeds for germination
All these substances help the body maintain the necessary muscle tone, reduce blood cholesterol, help maintain vascular health, and reduce the excitability of the nervous system.

The total cost of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is quite high, therefore, it is necessary to ensure a good yield in order to fully recoup the costs. This will be possible only with the correct use of the greenhouse area and the selection of highly productive varieties of tomatoes.

In the summer and early autumn, tomatoes cost from 40 to 60 rubles. per kilogram. Their price is much lower in the regions of traditional cultivation. In winter and spring, the price of tomatoes increases significantly to 120-200 rubles. At the same time, the consumer qualities of this tasty product are rapidly declining, since manufacturers are only interested in increasing the volume of the product produced. In winter and spring, tomatoes are tasteless, pale, and do not have a characteristic odor.

• The seedlings must match the characteristics of the soil on which the greenhouse is built.
• Other details need to be considered:
• Among the species are F1:
• Pay attention! The more regularly pollination is carried out, the more likely it is to achieve a good harvest. The procedure should be approached responsibly.

Yield and quality will be influenced not only by the distance between the tomatoes in the greenhouse, but also by constant control over temperature and humidity. For fruit setting, the optimum moisture content should be 65 -75%.

A bountiful harvest of tomatoes is the cherished dream of every gardener. But not everyone knows how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse. The vegetable is planted in a permanent place with ready-made seedlings.

They need fertile soil with a rich content:

• Tomatoes, like other vegetables, start as seedlings. How to grow early tomatoes in a greenhouse should be taken care of at the seed germination stage. To improve germination, seeds can be soaked in a solution of nutrients that are present in growth stimulants. Especially if there are few seeds and they are expensive.
• With modern technologies for growing plants, it has become easy and simple to get fantastic yields of any crop. Especially if you follow certain rules.
• Hundreds of hybrid varieties have been bred specifically for winter cultivation in greenhouses. To get maximum productivity, you should use these of them:
• Therefore, conscientious tomato growers have excellent opportunities to offer consumers quality products, having thought out a plan for how to grow tomatoes in greenhouses. By focusing on quality, it will be possible to successfully sell this product.
• The ability to withstand the hardships of the climate of the geographical area where the greenhouse is located.

Seasons for growing tomatoes

Bringing up various communications to the greenhouse (we are talking about heating, watering, lighting).

"Kasamori"

Photo of spraying bushes from pests

Night temperature + 16 ... + 18 degrees, soil +18, daytime + 20 ... + 22 degrees. In this microclimate, tomatoes grow with juicy pulp.

To obtain early fruits, plants with already formed inflorescences are transferred to the greenhouse soil. Sometimes even with the first brush formed.

Conclusion

Calcium,

Tempering is recommended before soaking. To do this, the seeds, wrapped in a wet cloth, are first left at room temperature, and then placed in the refrigerator and kept there for 7-8 hours.

Tomatoes were no exception. It is not difficult to grow them in the open field, but many gardeners do not know how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse correctly.

Tomatoes in a greenhouse: growing technology

President - ripening occurs 95 days after the first shoots appear.The bushes are tall and strong, the fruits are bright red with a weight of up to 200 grams. From a planting area of ​​1 square meter, you can get a crop weighing more than 20 kilograms.

1. First, you need to find a suitable place and rent land, a vegetable garden at a very competitive price.

And these are not all the requirements for greenhouse tomato seedlings. It follows from this that the varieties of tomatoes will be different depending on the geographical area and other conditions, therefore an experienced gardener himself knows which varieties to prefer.

Ventilation system. Winter is winter, and plants need to breathe, oxygen must be supplied to them regularly. As for lighting, this issue is also very important, because not every type of lighting is favorable for tomatoes.

- rounded, uniform pink shade without a green spot near the stalk;

In addition to basic care, which is almost the same for many types of vegetables, tomatoes require additional attention:

Rules for planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse

It is easier to maintain the desired temperature in heated greenhouses with the help of pipes located not only at the bottom, but also at the top. Then the warm air warms the inflorescences and contributes to the shedding of pollen, and further ripening of fruits and evaporation of moisture. In unheated greenhouses, regulation is carried out by means of ventilation.

Stationary tomato greenhouse

Magnesium,

This alternation, based on temperature contrast, is continued for 10 days. This method effectively identifies weak seeds. The rest then give amicable shoots.

Recommendations for arranging a greenhouse

Variety of tomato varieties

Anabel - yield of 22 kilograms per square meter of planting. Fruits are elastic and retain their presentation for a long time.

2. Then you need to build a greenhouse. You can purchase a ready-made structure or it can be made on your own. Manufacturers offer greenhouses made of polycarbonate sheets of various sizes at prices ranging from 20,000 to 110,000 rubles. An area of ​​about 50 m² allows for the cultivation of tomatoes for sale.

• Back to the table of contents
• Selection of tomato varieties, which is not an easy task. Here you should take into account which varieties of tomatoes can grow and bear fruit in greenhouses, and which ones can only grow in open ground.
• "Divine early"
• Throughout the growth of the bush, including the fruiting stage, damaged or dried leaves should be removed;
• Garter bushes
• This rule only works in relation to indeterminate varieties, the growth of which is almost unlimited. Determinant varieties are planted before flowering.

Potassium,

Seedling glass

You need to start by choosing the right varieties. Not all of them are good for indoor use. Correct selection of seeds, compliance with the necessary conditions will allow in the future to receive a bucket of vegetables from the bush

Raisa is a varietal hybrid suitable for industrial cultivation. From one square meter of planting, you can get up to 24 kilograms of the crop. The shape of the fruit is round, the color is scarlet, the average weight is 120 grams. Ripening occurs 100 days after the first shoots appear.

3. To ensure accelerated growth and to grow high quality tomatoes, you need to take care of the soil and fertilizers. One of the most popular is vermicompost, the price of which ranges from 10 to 30 rubles. for 1kg.

Caring for tomato bushes

Winter tomato seedlings are special seedlings. It is grown in the fall so that it is ready for planting by early November. If, for some reason, it is impossible to plant seedlings in November and it must be kept until January, then in this case there are rules on how this can be done. To do this, the seedlings need to be periodically watered with heated water and kept at a temperature of 20-22 degrees Celsius.

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- Chinese selection, very sweet;

So that the fruits are formed evenly and have the optimal size, it is important to cut off excess flowers - 5 are left on the first brush, 6 on the next;Early tomatoes, depending on the variety, ripen 10-20 days earlier than the rest. Fruiting lasts up to 90 days, and the ripening period is from 80 to 110 days.

The soil should be well warmed up, at least to +15 degrees at a depth of 10 cm. For full growth and development, a higher temperature is needed - + 22 ... + 24 degrees.

Phosphorus.

The seeds that have hatched are placed in trays, made by hand or bought in a store, and sprinkled with dry earth on top. However, the ground should be moist under the seeds. This procedure is performed in early and mid-March for subsequent planting in an unheated greenhouse; at the end of March, only very early ripening varieties are sown.

​.​

Approach the issue of buying seeds with the utmost responsibility. Purchase a planting store from certified gardening stores. Only there you can be provided with all the quality certificates, as well as truthful data on the shelf life. Keep in mind that seeds stored for more than two years reduce the likelihood of getting a full harvest by several times.

1. As soon as the height of the seedlings reaches 20 cm, they can be planted in a peat pot in wide holes no closer than 50 cm to each other. Their sizes are made, taking into account the size of the container with seedlings, which is poured into the hole without disturbing the clod of earth.

The process of pollination of tomatoes: methods

At least 2 weeks before planting seedlings in the greenhouse, the soil should be watered with heated water.

It is clear that a winter greenhouse should be made of materials that transmit light well and retain heat well. There are a lot of such materials on the modern market, and therefore you should not focus on this. Still, glass and polycarbonate are considered traditional materials.

"Cardibue"

• If pollination is carried out 3 times a week, then you can achieve a significant increase in yield.
• To obtain them, seedlings begin to grow as early as possible. And caring for her is more thorough.
• If the greenhouse is not heated, then seedlings are planted in the ground on April 15, provided that the weather forecast does not show frosts. If they still can happen, then it is better to postpone the landing. First of all, you need to decide how to dive seedlings from a common dish.
• The roots of the plant go down to a depth of 1 meter. But the lateral roots extract nutrients from the upper layers.

After the appearance of two true leaves, the seedlings are dived into separate pots and, if necessary, fed. The timing of planting seedlings is determined depending on the region and type of greenhouse.

The best varieties are indeterminate - they are characterized by long stems that actively grow in the greenhouse, resembling lianas. Large fleshy fruits sometimes reach 800 gr.

Additional tips for keeping tomatoes in a greenhouse

The average length of the rhizome of a tomato bush is 30-35 centimeters, so the optimal soil layer thickness is 40 centimeters. For greenhouses, it is recommended to harvest soil from virgin lands.

2. To provide support for fast-growing tomatoes with fruits, a trellis up to 2 m high is installed.

• In addition, try to keep the air temperature in the greenhouse at this time at least 20 degrees Celsius.
• For a number of properties, polycarbonate is preferable to glass in greenhouses.
• - bred by American breeders for film greenhouses, large fruits up to 600 gr. Nice heart-shaped.

Harvesting is not just plucking fruits from a bush, but a whole science. Here's the basic instruction:

• Irrigation organization is a responsible business.
• Correct planting in the greenhouse is the key to the formation of healthy fruits
• The price of fertilizers can be very high, so experienced gardeners prefer to enrich the soil with organic matter - this is certainly healthier than chemicals.

But some rules, subject to which, the seedlings are easier to transfer planting to a permanent place, you need to know.

The most popular and easy-to-grow varieties

How are tomatoes grown in a greenhouse for such a high yield? It is imperative to carry out pinching and garter.

An important point is the enrichment of the soil with organic additives in a ratio of 1 to 5. Rotted leaves or sawdust, compost or humus can be used as organic material. Vermicompost can be obtained with the help of earthworms, which also increase the porosity of the soil.

3. During the first two weeks, tomatoes should not be watered to prevent the formation of a powerful bush.

• The temperature range for seedlings should be strictly adhered to.
• So, how should you make a greenhouse? Here, again, it all depends on whether the gardener had it, or whether he intends to build it for the first time. Let's dwell on the fact that he already has it, and that before he used it to grow all kinds of vegetables, and now he wanted to grow tomatoes as well. So, here is what, in general, the preparatory work for the diligent gardener has to be done:
• Pay attention! Pink varieties are good for sale and long-term storage - they do not crack and retain their presentation for a long time.
• In the summer months, tomatoes are recommended to be removed from the bush 4 times a week strictly until 10 am. It was at this time that they have the correct color, density and maximum mass;
• In a stationary heated greenhouse, drip irrigation is recommended. Then each plant receives moisture in a metered dose and at the right time. It should be carried out often, but not much.

Transplant seedlings with care so as not to damage them. It is best if it is in individual pots. This makes it easier to maintain the root system.

What the correct bed consists of:

Instructions for beginner vegetable growers:

For ripening fruits with a large weight, even at the stage of regrowth, extra stems are removed, only 1-2 of the strongest remain. They are intended for fruiting, due to this, the weight of the tomatoes is significantly increased.

• The soil in the greenhouse is also treated with chemicals. This is necessary to reduce the number of weed larvae and seeds, which, in good conditions, will multiply en masse and harm the planting of tomatoes.4. After 45 days after planting, the leaves at the bottom of the plants should be gradually removed to avoid pest infestation.
• Having planted seedlings, it is imperative to feed it with several types of mineral fertilizers, which were mentioned earlier.If necessary, it is necessary to carry out repair work, inspect the greenhouse and, where necessary, re-glaze it.
• Tomatoes for home preservation should be medium in size.In winter, you can harvest even with a slight color of the fruit - they will ripen in a few days;

In the photo - drip irrigation of crops

In modern vegetable growing, technologies are often used that are unusual for many gardeners, but which give very good results.

Conclusion

Disinfected earth;

Before transplanting, the seedlings must be hardened for 2-3 weeks (reduce the temperature in the room, ventilate);

Elite varieties for greenhouses

If the seedlings are sown in early autumn, be prepared to install additional light sources, which are necessary due to the fact that daylight hours during this period are rapidly declining and the plant does not receive the required amount of light. In the middle of winter, daylight hours begin to gradually increase, so if you do not plan to spend on additional sources of lighting, then grow seedlings during this period.

5.When the first flowers appear, pollination should be done by gently shaking the plant and moistening it with water using a spray bottle.

How to plant seedlings? In general, there is nothing difficult in planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse.

Clean the greenhouse from all kinds of dirt (from the remnants of the harvest of the past season, construction waste, etc.).

What to do first

Growing a tomato in a greenhouse is fun and exciting. If it is also heated, then you can enjoy delicious vegetables all year round. Proper care is a guarantee of healthy fruits, without which you will not get the desired harvest.

In autumn and spring, tomatoes are harvested during the daytime and more ripe specimens are chosen.

1. Top dressing done on time is the key to a bountiful harvest and the ability to avoid many diseases.
2. Greenhouse tomatoes give unprecedented yields, up to 60-65 kg per square meter, if you follow the planting rules. They are planted on 1 sq. M 2-3 pieces, with a distance between them 50 - 55 cm, and between rows 70 - 90 cm.

Humus without straw;

Reduce the amount of watering in the greenhouse;

In any season, the experience gained by gardeners over several years will help to get a huge harvest of tomatoes. Communicating with knowledgeable people, you can learn how to properly grow tomatoes in a greenhouse.

1. For sowing, use special cassettes with peat tablets. Additional light will be needed for planting only for 5-7 days, when the first shoots appear. The best option would be to have lighting for 24 hours with a gradual decrease in the duration of daylight hours to 16-12 hours. During this period, planting also needs a lot of carbon dioxide. In industry, special generators are used for this, and in an ordinary greenhouse, you can do with a container with fresh manure, abundantly filled with water. During fermentation, such a mixture actively releases carbon dioxide.
2. 6. Already 60-70 days after planting, it will be possible to harvest. During the fruiting period, 1 m² of the greenhouse can produce from 10 to 25 kg of tomatoes.
3. It is clear that healthy seedlings are selected for planting, and sick or spoiled ones are rejected. After the seedlings have been selected, they are planted in the holes in straight rows. The optimal distance between each seedling should be approximately 50 cm.

Check and, if necessary, repair heating, lighting and plumbing.

Helpful hints

There is something to work for - isn't it !?

The correct collection will increase the number of healthy fruits. It is necessary to carefully pluck the tomatoes from the bush, being careful not to damage the remaining tomatoes.

An incorrect ratio of soil acidity to the content of calcium carbonate in it leads to the spread of top rot. And the absorption of calcium is prevented by the excessive content of potassium.

1. Formation of beds
2. Grass cut before flowering;
3. Can be fed with complex fertilizers for seedlings;
4. Among the many species, those that bear the most fruits are distinguished:
5. The size and number of roots of a tomato bush has a direct impact on the quality and volume of the future harvest. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out the picking procedure. Saplings dive into separate pots even at the stage of full-fledged leaf appearance. In order for the formation of the rhizome to occur most actively, the stem is bent and covered with soil.

There may be different ways of selling finished products:

When the seedlings are planted, they are tied with twine to a wire stretched along the row. That's all the wisdom.

If any vegetables or greens were grown in the greenhouse last season, you need to carefully remove their remains and decontaminate the soil and the entire surface of the greenhouse. This is done in case any pest larvae remain in the greenhouse.

A large number of varieties will allow you to choose the one that fully meets individual requirements.

How to choose seedling varieties

Tomato variety Yamal

It is impossible to achieve a balanced content of the necessary substances in fertilizers with your own hands, so it is better to buy them. However, foliar feeding with boron and magnesium solutions can be performed by any vegetable grower. All you need to do is have a simple spray bottle.

1. Before starting work, the soil should be covered with a film to protect the seedlings from weeds.
2. Bacteria and earthworms;
3. Do not water a week before planting, but water abundantly on the day of transplantation;
4. The Shuntuk giant is a record holder in yield, the weight of the fruits reaches 500-900 grams. The tomato looks round, ribbed, red.
5. On the twentieth day of growth, tomato seedlings will need feeding in the form of a mixture of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The next time it should be applied when four full leaves have appeared on the seedlings. As soon as there are six leaves on the seedlings, it will be possible to start transplanting them to greenhouse beds.

1. Outlets are eager to buy such products.

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How to prepare seedlings

Dig up the soil in the greenhouse and add at least 1-2 buckets of compost per 1 m² of excavated territory to the dug-up beds.

The video in this article will tell you more about how to achieve the highest results in this matter.Yamal tomatoes grow remarkably in the greenhouse. This variety is loved by gardeners from different regions for its early maturity and unpretentiousness. Determinant bushes reach a height of 2 meters, in order to achieve maximum fruiting, they are formed from 2 main stems.

Tomatoes grow successfully on any soil, except for very acidic ones. During the entire growth period, they require regular feeding and processing to prevent diseases. You can feed with organic fertilizers, for example, watered with a mullein.

General recommendations for preparing a farm greenhouse for planting seedlings:

All layers must be watered with water or a solution of bacteria.

If buds have formed on the plants, then spray them with a solution of boric acid (1 teaspoon per 10 l) in 4-5 days.

Lemon giant - tall up to 2.5 m, dark orange color, excellent taste, suitable for canning, juices, salads, fruit weight up to 700 g.

In greenhouses, a hole planting format is used with an average distance between holes of 50 centimeters. Half a liter of water is poured into each hole and several tablespoons of humus are added. The distance between the holes should not exceed 50 centimeters.

How to care for greenhouse tomatoes

2. You can open your own points of sale in the market. Over time, you may have regular customers.

Greenhouse tomatoes grow very well when the air temperature in the greenhouse is 22-25 degrees, and the soil temperature is at least 18 degrees.

In addition to organic matter, it is recommended to add some mineral fertilizers that are useful for good tomato growth. For example, potassium magnesium (no more than 50 g), double superphosphate (no more than 50 g), potassium chloride (no more than 30 g), copper sulfate (no more than 5 g), ferrous sulfate (no more than 5 g).

You want to eat fresh tomato at any time of the year. It is for this reason that growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter is a topic that is relevant anytime, anywhere.

Main characteristics:

You can buy ready-made dressings and fertilize every 10-15 days. The price in this case does not really matter, since in the end it is justified by obtaining a high yield. To prevent flowers from falling, the plant is sprayed with a solution of boric acid.

Clean the glass from dust and dirt (if the greenhouse is covered with glass);

Winter is not a reason to give up a delicious treat

Why growing tomatoes is a very profitable business

Tomatoes ready for transplanting should have 6-8 leaves, buds and a thick, low stem.

Pink flamingo - very tall up to 3 meters, large fruit up to 700 g of soft pink color, an excellent alternative to the Bull's heart.Juicy tasty pulp is suitable for thick sauces and fresh consumption.

If varieties with tall bushes are grown, take care of tying them up and removing stepchildren. For a stable fixation of the bushes on the trellises, use special clips that simplify the work with planting at the stage of removing the tops upon completion of fruiting.

How can you start a greenhouse business

3. If you create and promote your site, you can sell tomatoes in the virtual space. The difficulty will lie in the promotion of the site in your region.

Of course, plants need to be watered with heated water, the temperature of which is equal to the temperature of the soil. It is important to ensure that the soil in the greenhouse does not dry out, otherwise the tomatoes may stop growing, become ill, and shed flowers and fruits.

Important note: it is possible that cucumbers grew in the greenhouse last season, in which case the compost can be omitted. It would be better to sprinkle the excavated area with sawdust or add crushed peat at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 m².

Technology for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is possible using a heating system, artificial lighting, ventilation and irrigation.

Fruits are slightly elongated, if their weight exceeds 200 grams, then they become more rounded;

Manual pollination with a brush

Disinfect the soil to prevent disease;

It is good when fresh vegetables are present on the table all year round. If you know how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, then there will be no lack of vitamins. In order to extend daylight hours, additional lighting is installed in winter greenhouses.

Photo of preparation of beds for tomatoes

How can you sell finished products

Idol is a versatile variety resistant to diseases, very productive, medium-sized red fruits.

An important aspect of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is quality air access to the rhizome. To optimize this moment, it is recommended to carry out regular loosening and weeding, as well as systematically remove the lower leaves on the bushes.

4. In civilized countries, subscription sales are widespread, when consumers pay for a long-term receipt of goods at a specified frequency.

The soil between the rows must be periodically loosened, and under the bushes, if necessary, add soil.

2-3 days before planting seedlings in the ground, the ground itself must be watered and covered with a thin plastic wrap.

How profitable is this business

However, growing tomatoes in winter is not an easy task. It requires understanding, hard work, dexterity, agronomic knowledge and diligence. To grow tomatoes in winter, you need to create suitable conditions for them.

Early ripe variety - after 83 days you can start harvesting;

Another very important factor that cannot be ignored when growing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions is how they are pollinated. This is a very important process - it makes plants reproductive, that is, nutrients are directed not only to the growth of the bushes, but also to the development and ripening of fruits.

Fertilize;

The seeds are sown in mid-December and after the emergence of seedlings they are illuminated, bringing the daylight hours to 12-16 hours. Tomatoes do not ripen without this.

It is necessary to start preparing the beds in the fall, but if for some reason it was not possible, then you can do this immediately before planting. The soil in greenhouses usually does not change for several years.

Choosing tomato varieties for growing in a greenhouse

Black cherry - cherry tomatoes, very tall variety up to 3.5 m, small sweet fruits, 10-12 pieces are formed on their clusters. How to grow cherry tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter to enjoy their unbeatable taste - install a heater in the room.

An increase in the number of ovaries can be achieved by spraying tomato flowers with special fruit-formers using manual spraying. At the end of winter, protect the ovaries from sunburn by creating shade.

1. If 1 m² can produce up to 25 kg of tomatoes within 2 months, and the wholesale price for a kilogram of tomatoes is from 30 rubles, then for one fruiting period the profit from 1 m² is 750 rubles.
2. When the fruits begin to ripen, several leaves should be removed above each brush.
3. Back to the table of contents

So, if a gardener has a desire to start growing tomatoes in winter in a greenhouse, then a number of prerequisites must be met and a list of necessary work must be completed.

Preparing the soil in the greenhouse

Differs in increased productivity;

Pollination of tomatoes in a greenhouse occurs in several ways:

Form beds;

Preparing seedlings for transfer to the greenhouse

If the soil is sufficiently nutritious, then seedlings do not need top dressing; in other cases, the first top dressing is applied 10 days after the pick, the second 2 weeks after the first.

Pay attention!

Cherry - tomatoes with original colors and exquisite taste

Remember that the right approach to growing tomatoes in a greenhouse will allow you not only to provide your whole family with fresh vegetables, but also to start a small business selling greenhouse tomatoes, which are very popular during the winter-spring period.

Winter planting of tomato seedlings in a greenhouse

The average greenhouse, which occupies 50 m², generates an income of 75,000 rubles in the season from January to April. Taking into account the cost of heat, fertilizers, water, the net income will be about 65,000 - 68,000 rubles per greenhouse.

This is done so that more air and light flows to the ripening fruits. In this case, tomatoes ripen faster and get sick less often. Here, of course, it is important not to overdo it and not to remove every single leaf from the bush.

Not all varieties of tomato seedlings are suitable for a greenhouse.

For example, the same building of a winter greenhouse (if, of course, it has not yet been built). There are many things to consider when building:

It is versatile in use - in winter it will allow you to enjoy the excellent taste of canned tomatoes, and in summer there is a fresh salad;

Manually using a soft brush - the pollen sticks to it and is transferred to another flower;

Growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse is a very popular activity not only for large agricultural companies, but also for individuals living in the CIS countries. Today we will talk in detail about how to plant tomatoes in polycarbonate greenhouses, what is needed for this, and why it is needed at all.

General rules for growing

Before delving into the topic of growing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions in detail, you should take a look at the general rules, which are indicated in the following paragraphs:

1. The foundation of the greenhouse must be strong enough to withstand the heavy wind and the weight of the snow.
2. Seedlings are grown in separate greenhouses or at home.
3. The design of the greenhouse must necessarily allow the vertical garter of tomatoes.
4. You should have plenty of free time, as it will take regular chipping of excess buds as well as unnecessary foliage on your tomato bushes.
5. Take care of the sources of organic fertilizers in advance, which will require a fairly large amount.
6. If you plan to have more than 10 long tomato beds in your greenhouse, it is more convenient to place drip irrigation in it.
7. There must be enough free space in the greenhouse for maneuvering with buckets of water (a lot of water will be required)

Main steps

The process of growing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions consists of the following main stages:

1. Greenhouse preparation;
2. Selecting the right seeds;
3. Greenhouse soil preparation;
4. Growing seedlings;
5. Planting seedlings;
6. Post-seedling care and harvesting.

How to choose and prepare tomato seeds correctly?

There are special varieties of tomato that are focused on growing in greenhouse conditions.

Such varieties have a combination of the following qualities:

1. High productivity.
2. High or low ripening rate.
3. Gastronomic quality.
4. Resistance to diseases and adverse environmental factors.
5. Dimensions of the fruits themselves.
6. Suitability of the variety for long-term storage, without loss of taste and aesthetic qualities.

Depending on which of the above qualities appeals to you, choose the appropriate tomato variety.

So, if high yields are important to you, seeds of the following varieties are suitable for growing:

• De Barao;
• Banana Legs;
• "Auria";
• "Honey Drop";
• "Pink Raisins".

If a fast ripening rate is important to you, pay attention to the seeds of the following varieties:

• Typhoon, Druzhok, Ilyich, Poisk, Verlioka, Semko-98. These varieties are early maturing;
• Hurricane, Samara. These varieties are early maturing;
• "Junior", "Amber", "Joy of Summer", "Bear in the North". These varieties are super early maturing.

If the most pronounced taste is important to you, pay attention to the seeds of the following varieties:

1. Cherry. The variety has a high taste both fresh and excellent for drying and preservation.
2. "Caspar-F1". The variety fits perfectly into diet salads, and is great for pickling or pickling.
3. "Friend", "Sultan", "Rosemary". The varieties have a juicy and tender flesh, with a thin skin and a slightly sweetish flavor, which makes them an excellent option for fresh consumption.
4. "Malachite Box". One of the most delicious varieties of green tomatoes.
5. "Bull's Heart", "Truffle". One of the most delicious varieties of red tomatoes.
6. "Yellow Long", "Honey King". One of the most delicious varieties of yellow tomatoes.
7. Marisol Violet, Black Cherry. One of the most delicious varieties of black tomatoes.
8. "Dimensionless", "Pink Flamingo". One of the most delicious varieties of pink tomatoes.

If you are looking for disease-resistant and weather-resistant tomatoes, take a look at the following varieties:

1. "Verlioka", "Olya", "Ural" and varieties "De Barao", "Admiralteisky". Varieties that tolerate a lack of sunlight well.
2. Barberry F1, Lyubanya, Orange Giant, Banana Legs, Pink Raisins, Orange Icicle, Carrot, Zinulya, Siberian Giant. High temperature and drought tolerant varieties.
3. "Roma", "Erema", "Eupator", "Intuition", "Blagovest". And varieties: "Budenovka", "Chio-chio-san". The varieties are the most resistant to fungal invasions.

If you are looking for varieties with the largest fruits possible, the following seeds are suitable for growing:

• Siberian Giant;
• The Pink Giant;
• De Barao.

If you want the smallest fruits possible, the following seeds are good for you:

• "Cherry";
• "Grape";
• "Balcony Miracle";
• "Sweet Tooth".

The most mature tomatoes for growing include the following varieties:

• F1 Salahaddin;
• F1 Ivanovets;
• Volgogradets;
• "F1 Krasnobay".

Having decided on the variety, you should prepare the seeds for further planting, for which follow the following points:

1. Remove any overly small and damaged seeds, leaving only large and intact seeds.
2. A month and a half before planting the seeds, wrap them in a dry cloth, and warm them up by putting them on a battery or a warm place, the temperature of which reaches 40-50 degrees, for a period of 3-4 days.
3. Before planting, disinfect the seeds by placing them in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes.
4. Before planting, soak the seeds for a day in one of the solutions of Virtan-Micro, Epin, Immunocytophyte.

How to prepare a greenhouse?

If you want to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse environment, you will need to properly prepare your greenhouse.

The preparation of the greenhouse should take place according to the following scheme:

1. Inspect the greenhouse for damage, especially if the polycarbonate cover has survived the winter.
2. Prepare the places for the beds in advance.
3. Stretch the wire along the entire length of the greenhouse, at a height of about 2 meters. The wire should run at the same level as the center of each bed.
4. Disinfect the greenhouse with hydrated lime. Take 3 kg of slaked lime, mix it with 10 liters of water, and add 500 grams of copper sulfate there. Process the frame of the greenhouse and its inner walls with the resulting liquid.
5. Tomatoes require frequent ventilation, which means you should check or install vents in the greenhouse, preferably on the ceiling.
6. Check the operation of the irrigation system (if any), as well as the heating systems (if you plan to grow tomatoes in winter).

Soil preparation

To grow tomatoes, you need to prepare the soil. Soil preparation can be carried out in different ways, a complete list of which would require writing a separate book.

For this reason, we will describe the most optimal way to prepare tomato soil in a greenhouse, which consists of the following points:

1. In the greenhouse, remove 40 centimeters of old soil over the entire tomato growing area.
2. At the very bottom, you should put a 3-5 cm layer of old branches, as thick as a raspberry shoot.
3. The second layer is made of sawdust, the layer of which should reach 5 cm. If possible, a thin layer of weeds can be put on top of the sawdust, but not the tops of garden plants.
4. If tomatoes are planned to be grown in winter, the third layer should consist of manure, 10 cm thick. If tomatoes are planned to be grown only in autumn or spring, the manure is replaced by a layer of peat of the same thickness.
5. After the manipulations done, we fill it all up with the previously acquired soil.

The soil itself for the greenhouse is prepared based on the following ingredients:

• garden land;
• vegetable humus a year ago;
• compost regardless of type and age;
• sod land;
• sand;
• peat.

Sod and garden land in the total mass should occupy 60% of the soil for a tomato. Compost, sand, peat and humus should account for 10% for each component.

The soil prepared in this way should be laid in the greenhouse in late summer or early autumn, after which it should be infused at least until spring. Immediately after laying the soil, treat it with a phytosporin solution, abundantly watering its surface with this solution from a watering can. This is necessary to control the destruction of possible fungal spores.

We recommend buying ready-made soil for growing greenhouse tomatoes from garden stores, as this will save you a lot of time and effort.

How to grow seedlings?

If you want healthy tomatoes, you need to learn how to properly grow and care for your seedlings.

To do this, you should initially prepare a container for future seedlings, which should be one of the following types:

1. Wooden boxes with a side height of 7 cm, the bottom of which must be shipped with foil.
2. Plastic containers 28 cm wide and 32 cm long.
3. For the subsequent picking of seedlings, you will need liter plastic bottles, from which the neck should be cut off, or get plastic cups, the depth of which should be at least 15 cm.

Having decided on the container, we proceed to the direct planting of future seedlings, relying on the following points:

1. Take the prepared container and pour a 5 cm layer of soil into it.
2. Tamp the sprinkled soil evenly.
3. Take a ruler and make some kind of grooves, the depth of which should be half a centimeter. The grooves should be marked along the entire length of the container area, with a distance of 3 cm from each other.
4. Prepared tomato seeds are placed in each of the grooves, at a distance of 3 cm from each other.
5. After planting the seeds, the grooves are carefully covered with 1 cm layer of soil, lightly compacted, and moistened with a sprayer.
6. The container is closed with a plastic bag, and placed in a warm place until the first shoots appear.The temperature of the place where the seeds will germinate should not fall below 25 degrees. Otherwise, the seeds will germinate much longer. Monitor the moisture level under the film, and spray the soil in a timely manner, without letting it dry out.

After the first shoots appear, move on to the next growing steps, such as:

1. Remove the film and place the container on a windowsill, the temperature on which should not drop below 20 degrees during the day and 14 degrees at night.
2. Organize the seedlings with additional lighting, for which fluorescent lamps are ideal, or special phytolamps for seedlings with a pink glow. It is advisable to keep the backlight on for at least 16 hours a day.
3. Spray seedlings in a timely manner to keep the soil moist. It should be sprayed, not watered.
4. Feed the seedlings every 10 days using chicken manure or cow dung. Chicken manure is bred at the rate of 100 grams per 10 liters of water, and cow dung at the rate of 300 grams per 10 liters of water. For one container of the size indicated above, no more than 500 ml of this kind of fertilizer should be spent.
5. If you feel the need, in the intervals between feeding, you can water the seedlings with fresh water, the temperature of which should not be lower than 20 degrees.

After completing all the above points, grow the seedlings until they are picked.

Seedling picking

The picking of plants must be carried out so that in the future they can be easily transplanted into the garden bed, without the risk of injuring the root system. Moreover, without a pick, the root system of the seedlings can get confused with each other, and then their transplantation can be fatal for them.

The picking of seedlings after cultivation should be carried out in accordance with the following points:

1. The pick is carried out about a month after the first shoots appear.
2. A pick is carried out only when the seedlings have 6 leaves.
3. Before picking, the seedlings are watered abundantly.
4. In cups or plastic bottles, soil should be poured to the brim, and tamped.
5. After tamping the soil, take a stick and press a hole in the soil with it, 2-3 cm deep.
6. Drop a pinch of superphosphate at the bottom of the hole.
7. Take a fork, and gently pry the seedling bush under its root system, and then remove it from the container. The first two leaves of the sprout must be plucked.
8. Shake off excess soil from the root system of the sprout, and plant it in a glass or bottle.
9. Fill in the hole, tamp lightly and pour 30 milliliters of sodium humate solution on the sprout.
10. Hold the transplanted shoots over additional lighting for about a week;
11. Water the seedlings as the soil dries.

Transplanting shoots to the greenhouse

The final stage in growing seedlings is transplanting them into a greenhouse.

The transplant is carried out on the basis of the following points:

1. Seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse for about 45-50 days of growth.
2. Bushes are placed at a distance of 50 cm from each other.
3. Near each bush, a meter-long peg is driven in, tying the bush to it, and to the previously stretched wire, which was discussed at the very beginning of the article.
4. The holes in which the bushes will be planted should have a depth of 2-3 cm exceeding the length of the root system of the seedlings.
5. Humus is added to the bottom of the hole, the layer of which should not exceed 1 cm.
6. Before transplanting, the formation of a bush consists in removing almost all of its leaves, with the exception of a few of the topmost ones.
7. After the bush is in the hole, fill it up, tamp it lightly and water it abundantly.
8. Mulch the soil with sawdust or manure. The thickness of the mulch should be about 10 cm.
9. If you wish, you can water the planted seedlings with mineral fertilizers, but in general, this is not necessary.

Follow-up care

Subsequent care of grown tomatoes is carried out as follows:

1. Water the seedlings on the 12th day after planting (except for the first watering immediately after planting in the ground, so that the earth settles).
2. Before flowering, one bush consumes about 4 liters of water, and during flowering, about 12 liters.
3. Watering is carried out every 5-6 days.
4. Spraying is optional.
5. The temperature in the greenhouse should not exceed 25 degrees, and not fall below 16. During the flowering period, the temperature can be raised to 27 degrees.
6. Plant feeding is carried out from the moment the first ovary appears. Feeding is carried out with superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wood ash, or liquid mullein;
7. Light mode should be at least 12 hours.
8. Cut off the leaves touching the ground on the bushes, and also get rid of the stepchildren.

Potential pests and diseases

After growing your tomatoes may be susceptible to the following diseases:

1. Top rot. Treat with a solution of copper oxychloride, at the rate of 30 grams per 10 liters of water.
2. Gray rot. Treat the plant with "Barrier" and "Barrier". Substances are sold in different concentrations, which means they need to be diluted based on the instructions on the package.
3. White spot. Treat the plant with 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.5% copper oxychloride.
4. Streak. Treat the plant with 1% manganese solution.

As for parasites, they can be completely avoided with proper maintenance and care of the greenhouse. We will discuss more detailed information about treatment, signs and possible diseases in another article.