How to grow peppers in the open field and how to feed them?

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How to properly cultivate peppers in the open field and create care? Bell peppers are a southern culture and require warmth and humidity. In the middle lane, peppers are grown in open soil through seedlings and greenhouses. To grow the desired crop crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in the open field of the middle lane

Soil preparation

Growing pepper in the open field requires proper preparation of the land.

Outdoor sweet peppers grow better in places with a mild climate and in an area where there is more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or erect a wattle fence.

To grow peppers in an open area, it is important to understand after which crops it is more effective to grow peppers.

Planting peppers is best done in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, table roots grew. In places with a previous harvest of tomato, eggplant, potatoes, it is not recommended to plant peppers for three years, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for the pepper should be fertile and retain moisture. They begin to prepare the ground in the fall. Harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching the following substances (per 1 square meter):

• superphosphate in a volume of 30-50 g;
• wood ash - 50-80 g;
• humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where it was fertilized with fresh manure, sweet peppers cannot be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh feeding. Excessive nitrogen in the soil causes the active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is so poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deeply. In the spring, the soil is loosened and fed with fertilizers with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The earth is slightly dug up and leveled before planting seedlings.

Pumpkin is a great precursor for pepper

How to properly plant seedlings?

Only when the frost is over is it recommended to plant peppers. This is in the second half of May. Planting is carried out according to the scheme 60-70 x 20-30 cm.

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wilt. The withered pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the dropping of the first buds. So the early harvest is lost.

If the weather is hot, it is best to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare holes for planting and pour water over. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water (at least a liter) into each hole, which must be heated in the sun. The seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings.On the stalk covered with earth, adventitious roots are formed that can feed the plant.

Pepper seedlings are planted in the holes, while ensuring sufficient watering

How to water bell peppers properly?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water the root every 2-3 days. For one seedling, 1-2 liters of water are consumed. If the weather is hot, water it every day. Seven days later, the seedlings are checked and where the pepper has died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "thin" watering. It is important not to harm the plants with abundant watering. How to determine the water requirement of a vegetable? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. Prolonged wilting of the plant should not be allowed. If the leaves are withered in the heat, this is not a reason for watering.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, watered in the morning or evening hours.

Watering young peppers should be regular

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet peppers grow comfortably in loosened ground. It should not be brought to the appearance of an earthen crust.

What is the use of loosening the soil?

• Air flow to the root is improved.
• The plant grows faster.
• The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

By weeding the ground, weeds are being fought.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.

The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so the loosening will be shallow, at a level of 5-10 cm.

If the ground is heavy, the first time it is allowed to loosen the soil deeper, destroying the soil crust. This way the soil warms up and ventilates better.

Further, loosening is carried out after each rain or watering, when the earth is dry, but there is still no crust.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.

Feeding

Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.

Seedlings are well fertilized with nettle dressing. To do this, combine nettle with water, in a ratio of 1:10 and insist for two days. The last time the seedlings are fed 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three dressings are done per season. The first time during the first plowing (after disembarkation in two weeks). Fertilize with slurry from manure, poultry droppings, mixing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate the chicken afterbirth with nitrophos (1 tablespoon per bucket of liquid).

It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride to a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, droppings) up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g.

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

• ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
• superphosphate - 40-60 g;
• potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During the formation of fruits, the need for pepper nutrition increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they feed at the beginning of fruiting, with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizing without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Pepper does not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good substitute for potassium chloride - this is ash from wood.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for pepper

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for a crop at the time of frost, forcing ingenuity.

Tents are built from scrap materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are taken in the evening and removed in the morning.But when the cold snap lasts a long time, it is advisable to use a film.

Flowers and ovary fall off often. All due to the unfavorable temperature conditions for the vegetable (low or very high temperature). Growth stops at + 8-10 degrees. But if there is a heat of 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The consequence of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

Pepper cannot be shaded. In insufficient light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovary also fall off.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunshine

Features of the care of bell pepper

There are some subtleties of caring for peppers, in order to better yield:

1. It is imperative to pinch the pepper - removing the side and bottom stepsons. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. Leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, to increase the yield, cut the central flower that has grown from the first branch.
2. During the growing season, long shoots are cut off a little so that there is no shading of other branches.
3. Remove plant branches below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is carried out every 10 days.
4. Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are attracted by spraying the plant, during the flowering period with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
5. Applying mulching of peppers with rotted straw (up to 10 cm of a layer), the frequency of watering will decrease.
6. When leaving, it is important to tie up the crop immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching Pepper Helps Reduce Watering Frequency

Pest control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.

But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).

So that the plant is not damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). To fight aphids, you can use a solution of serum with water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle the leaves with wood ash on top.

With all the tips in mind, you can grow a great sweet pepper crop.

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Greetings, dear gardeners! Do you think it is possible to grow a vegetable like pepper without a greenhouse? Undoubtedly yes! - and not only in the southern regions, but also in the Moscow region, and in Siberia. Today, when many early ripening varieties and hybrids have appeared, fruits are removed from the bushes of ground pepper not only in green technical ripeness, but also in colored biological. But how to grow peppers outdoors without disappointment?

Let us recall all the components of success: selection of early unpretentious varieties, good seedlings, sunny and warm beds, fertilized soil, regular moderate moisture.

Benefits of soil culture

Greenhouse conditions, with undoubted advantages, have their own disadvantages. The fruits of bell peppers from the greenhouse will never be as sweet and aromatic as those that bask in the sun, receiving the full range of its rays.

It is known that both sweet and bitter peppers in the open air accumulate more vitamins and other useful substances.

On the street, plants are less sick, much less likely to be invaded by pests (aphids, spider mites); they are not afraid of the terribly harmful greenhouse whitefly. There is a happy opportunity to grow crops without chemicals. In an open space, there is no sweltering heat from which buds fall off. Finally, a simple garden bed is much cheaper than a greenhouse in terms of all labor costs.

The main difficulty

It should be admitted that peppers love heat very much and will feel a lack of it outdoors.You will have to very carefully choose the place of cultivation: fully illuminated by the sun, protected by walls of buildings or by the wings of tall plants (corn, bushes) from the north or from the direction of the prevailing winds. You may need to think about the simplest shelters for the beginning and end of summer.

Determining the variety

Reasonable selection of varieties and obtaining strong seedlings are the first steps to a decent harvest.

Even for the southern regions, it is better to choose early and medium-early varieties, with ripening periods of no more than 100 - 110 days. The more severe the region, the earlier the varieties should be; there are those that are ready to be harvested in 80 - 90 days.

Stuffing peppers are usually not a problem: many early varieties are medium in size with a moderate wall thickness. There is a great selection of such non-hybrid forms that can be kept for many years with their seeds.

However, most gardeners dream of large, thick-walled, multi-colored sweet peppers, at the same time - early ones. We admit that it is not so easy to do this outdoors. Some hybrids, which are quite expensive in price, have a full range of desirable properties. As a compromise, you can choose such a reasonable option - to separate these qualities.

Varieties with medium-sized fruits will have time to ripen to biological ripeness - to be colored yellow, orange, red, chocolate.

Those varieties that even in technical ripeness have a milky, light green or purple color look interesting.

Very large peppers in the open field can grow (especially if you plant medium-early hybrids or mid-season varieties), but they hardly have time to brightly color. It doesn't matter - it is known that

it is green pepper that contains the most vitamin C and many other benefits.

If you want a thick, fleshy wall for a fresh salad, then tomato-shaped peppers like "Gogoshary" will help out. Among them there are early maturing, growing well in the ground.

Seedling

Bitter and sweet peppers for open field are usually sown in March. At the seedling stage, it is important to prevent the substrate from drying out and, as a result, early lignification of the trunk - this inhibits development.

It is advisable to avoid a traumatic dive. Seedlings in individual containers move into the ground almost painlessly.

Sowing pepper directly into open ground, without seedlings, is possible only in the southernmost regions. Pepper seeds need more heat and time to germinate than tomatoes.

Garden bed preparation

Peppers are much less susceptible to disease than tomatoes, so crop rotation is less important for them. It won't be too much of a tragedy if the situation forces them to be planted after tomatoes or potatoes, although this is the most extreme option.

Peppers react negatively to acidic soil. From this they grow poorly, bear little fruit. Fruits are affected by apical rot (large brown spots). This is not an infection, but a metabolic disease.

It is advisable to deoxidize the soil in the fall. If in spring - then dolomite flour or wood ash, but not fluff.

Compared to tomatoes, peppers have a superficial root system. They don't need too deep fertilized soil. But they are very responsive to the fertility of the root zone. A bucket of rotted humus and a glass of wood ash are scattered over one square meter of a pepper bed.

Due to the not too large root system, fertilizer can be applied directly to the wells. Complex mineral fertilizers (optional) are applied according to the instructions for specific preparations.

We must not forget that hot peppers are placed as far as possible from sweet peppers (at the other end of the garden), otherwise all the fruits will be bitter.

Disembarkation

The age of pepper seedlings for transfer to the ground is about 60 days, in the phase of the first buds. A day before planting in a permanent place, it is advisable to sprinkle pepper seedlings with Epin Extra.In general, Epin is very useful for ground peppers: it forms resistance to cold snaps, softens temperature stresses, and increases productivity. It would be good for them to spray the plants three more times per season.

Pepper seedlings are placed in shallow wells. It is impossible to dig in strongly, these are not tomatoes!

The standard planting pattern is 60 cm between rows and 25 cm in one row. Some gardeners put two roots in one hole, but the reviews about this method are very contradictory.

When planting, watering is carried out twice: on empty holes and at the root. Then you need to mulch the soil. When growing peppers, this should become a must, providing the weak roots with more moisture and warmth. In addition, there will be no need to waste time on loosening and frequent weeding.

In the northern regions, it is useful to cover the surface of the pepper bed with black agrofibre (it will attract more warm rays).

Delicate leaves can burn under the unusually bright rays of the sun, therefore (according to the weather) you should take care of temporary shading. Many gardeners try to plant the peppers early, before the heat is stable, covering them with a film or white agrofibre.

It should be remembered that the temperature below +13 degrees greatly inhibits the development of plants, you need at least +20, and preferably +25.

You need to think in advance about ways to tie the bushes, because over time they will bend under the weight of the harvest.

Formation

How to properly form pepper plants outdoors? Fortunately, they are much less hassle with them than with tomatoes. It is recommended to pluck the bud that grows at the base of each fork (especially the very first one), it strongly pulls off all the nutrition on itself, inhibiting overall development.

At the end of the season, the buds and flowers are removed, providing a full-fledged filling of the already set fruits.

Watering

In addition to sun and warmth, peppers need moderately moist soil, and constantly. The roots are close to the surface and should never dry out.

This is the culture that is watered often and little by little, in the heat - up to twice a day (with good mulch, it can be less often).

Watering is especially important during the period of fruit filling. Peppers first grow in length, and then build up the walls.

Top dressing

When and how to feed this vegetable crop? They respond well to any fertilization. The first feeding is carried out when the established bushes begin to grow back. Fertilizers are applied little by little, but regularly - once a week, alternating foliar and root dressings, various types of fertilizers.

Complex mineral fertilizers with trace elements and humates, and wood ash, and diluted slurry, and yeast (no more than two times), and herbal infusion will also benefit.

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Peppers and tomatoes are crops that are extremely responsive to fertilization. If you want the plants to please you with an excellent harvest, then from the first days of planting seedlings, you need to make sure that the soil contains all the necessary trace elements for its growth and development. And since they will absorb them quickly and rather diligently, fertilizer for the pepper will have to be applied regularly as the seedlings grow.

The main difficulties

When talking with gardeners, you often hear that they stop growing peppers in their area. This is due to some of the difficulties that the cultivation of a heat-loving culture presents in our climatic conditions. Few people know that this is a perennial shrub, but in our country it is cultivated exclusively as an annual plant. Its fruits are loved by everyone, they are used to prepare salads, first and second courses, are sources of vitamins and minerals.

Is it so difficult to grow them in Russia? Let's just say it is possible, subject to a number of rules. We do not take into account the southern regions of the country.This culture has a long growing season, which means that in many regions of the country, planting of seedlings begins in February. This gives the plant a chance to have time to bloom and grow fruits in a short, hot period. In addition, timely weeding and watering, loosening are very important factors. Do not forget to fertilize the soil on time. For pepper, this is one of the foundations of normal life.

We grow seedlings

To get a good harvest, it is necessary to sow seeds in the ground in late January - early February. To do this, you need to prepare the boxes in advance, fill them with soil, water. After a couple of days, you can start planting seeds. The composition of the soil is the same that will be used for subsequent cultivation in open ground, greenhouses or greenhouses. You will need two pieces of land, one peat and one humus. Everything is thoroughly mixed. If you take garden soil, then do not forget to disinfect it with potassium permanganate or exposure to high temperatures.

First feeding

Fertilizer for pepper is a source of life and health. Only in nutrient-rich soil will seedlings grow strong and healthy. This means that she can easily transfer the transplant to open ground and take root without any problems. As soon as the first true leaves appear on the seedlings, it is necessary to apply top dressing. The second stage is two weeks after the pick. The last time the seedlings are fed 10 days before planting in the ground. Further, all activities will be carried out already at the main place of residence.

Best line-up

The ideal fertilizer for peppers during the first weeks of seedling life is a complex, nutritious mixture with a predominant nitrogen content. If you have nowhere to buy it, then you can cook it yourself. There is nothing complicated about it. It is enough to dissolve 1.5 g of potassium salt and 0.5 g of urea, as well as 4 g of superphosphate in one liter of water. This is a starting composition that will enable plants to quickly gain strength and start growing. Top dressing of pepper seedlings is carried out by watering the pre-moistened soil with a nutrient composition.

As soon as the plants release the second and third leaves, it's time to do a pick. Best of all, if it is immediately cups designed for an individual fit. For example, peat.

Immediately after this, the next feeding of pepper seedlings follows. It is best to use urea for this. To do this, dissolve one tablespoon of the substance in 10 liters of clean water. For the third time, immediately before planting in the ground, preparations containing nitrogen and phosphorus are used. In small quantities, the potassium content is acceptable.

Optimal dosage is the key to success

Fertilizers for the growth of pepper seedlings should be supplied to the soil regularly, this is an essential guarantee of good growth and future harvest. Young peppers are the most unpredictable of all garden plants. They can grow and develop normally, and suddenly, in an instant, they begin to dry out. Experienced gardeners say that this is precisely the result of a lack of nutrition. If you urgently add top dressing, then the situation can still be saved.

It is useful to know what functions this or that substance has. Nitrogen is essential for building up the green mass of the stem, phosphorus - for a powerful root system. But potassium seedlings almost never use, it will be required much later. But determining the quantity is a little more difficult. Based on practical experience, the following can be said. As long as the plants are developing well, have thick trunks and well-developed leaves, you can not bother with fertilizing. And as soon as growth retardation is diagnosed, you can correct this situation with a new portion.

We stopped at this point because an inexperienced gardener may decide that granular compost, vermicompost and other "delights", which are now freely sold in country shops, can be poured at the root in unlimited quantities. It is unlikely that plants will die from this, this is a fact, but they will begin to "fatten". That is, you will get a huge bush with lush leaves, which will refuse to bloom and yield. All his energy will go to the formation of green mass. But if you really overfeed, then the leaves will lose their beauty, begin to curl and become fragile.

The main differences in feeding seedlings

You need to apply fertilizer for bell peppers correctly. If in the ground you can simply water the ground, and only then use a watering can to pass the nutrient solution, then you will have to change tactics in the boxes. Here you moisten the soil in the evening, and in the morning you add top dressing. Otherwise, there is a risk of flooding the root system. Fertilization tactics are of two types. In the first case, nutrients are applied under the root, and in the second, they are sprayed over the green leaves. In the case of seedlings, it is the first option that is suitable, since food must reach both the roots and the leaves.

The first nutritious cocktail is prepared in approximately the following proportions: 1 g of urea, 8 g of superphosphate, 3 g of potassium sulfate. This mixture must be dissolved in two liters of water. There is one more trick. Before fertilizing the bell peppers, it is recommended to sprinkle the soil in the pots with ashes. Subsequently, the concentration is doubled. The frequency of application is two weeks.

Choosing a bed

It is best to plan spring plantings in advance, and for this you need to know what conditions the pepper likes. Growing and nursing outdoors is a little easier than growing in pots. The main thing that a southern visitor needs is a warm land with a high humus content. It is best if the composition is sandy loam or loamy. That is, moderately loose. Good moisture is essential, so peat, turf and leaf humus must be added to too light soils. It is best if legumes grew on the selected site last year. But the tomato bed does not fit well, because they have only one pest.

The soil for planting peppers is prepared in advance. From autumn, organic matter must be added to the selected bed. For example, rotted manure. This is the best choice for every gardener. It must be brought in in the amount of 3-4 kg per square meter. Another option is straw with added nitrogen components. These are the best fertilizer options for any type of soil.

Top dressing in the ground

It's time to transplant our young peppers into the garden. Outdoor cultivation and care will be largely determined by weather conditions. If the weather is hot and sunny, then you just have to add the necessary nutrients, as well as carry out regular watering. If it is cool outside, then you will have to organize additional protection in the form of a greenhouse or greenhouse. But more on that later.

The first feeding will be required two weeks after the young peppers have moved to open ground. For this purpose, the following solution is used. For 10 liters, you need to take two teaspoons of carbamide and the same amount of superphosphate. Under each bush, you will need to add about one liter of solution.

Mass flowering period

This is an important point, since right now your future harvest is being laid. The formed ovary will now grow and turn into healthy vegetables. To prevent the flowering from going to waste, it is very important to add potash fertilizers. For peppers, this will be their first introduction since planting. To prepare a nutrient solution, you will need a teaspoon of potassium sulfate, a similar amount of carbamide and two tablespoons of superphosphate. The dosage is similar to the first feeding.

Fruit formation

When flowering is over, a small ovary appears on the bushes. Each of these buds can grow into huge, juicy and tasty peppers. For more intensive growth and development, a third feeding is performed. To do this, for 10 liters of water, you need to take two teaspoons of superphosphate and potassium salt. If the growth of fruits is intensive, then this can be limited. But sometimes the gardener notices that, despite all efforts, the ovary continues to hang on the bushes unchanged, or the plant itself has frozen in growth. If nothing is done, you can stay at the end of the season with tiny green fruits that are only suitable for winter harvesting.An excellent solution would be foliar feeding with a urea solution. A bucket of water will take 30 g. It is best to do this in the evenings, for 5-7 days.

Indoor feeding schedule

Growing plants in a greenhouse has its own specifics. Here the temperature regime is different, which means that the growth of peppers will be more intense. Accordingly, much more nutrients are required. At the same time, do not forget that organic substances contribute to the productive formation of the crop, and minerals are necessary for the proper growth of the plant. The ideal fertilizer for planting peppers is an aqueous solution of poultry manure. Concentration should be low, maximum 1:15. You can also use mullein, here the proportions can be 1:10. These mixtures contain a complete set of nutrients that promote the growth and development of crops. If the soil of the greenhouse is well manured in the fall, then organic matter can be replaced with potassium sulfate with superphosphate.

Mineral fertilization for greenhouse peppers becomes very important about two weeks after flowering. Now is the time for the active formation and growth of fruits. The best choice would be organic with the addition of mineral fertilizers. By the way, collecting the first fruits does not mean that you can stop caring for plants. The third feeding is done just at this time. The composition can be slightly changed. In some cases, gardeners believe that the above composition is the best fertilizer for peppers. Further fertilizing is necessary only if the soil is very poor. A mixture of superphosphate with mineral fertilizers is best suited here.

Folk remedies

If you are against the use of chemistry, and there is no way to get rotted manure, then you can use other folk remedies. To do this, one tablespoon of wood ash must be dissolved in two liters of hot water. Stir and leave to brew for a day. Now all that remains is to strain and use as directed. As a fertilizer for peppers, ash is a source of essential minerals.

Eggshells can also be used for feeding. To do this, take the shells from two or three eggs, wash and dry. Now grind thoroughly, pour into a three-liter jar of water and let it brew for three days, stirring occasionally. During this time, the water will be enriched with magnesium and iron, calcium and potassium. As a top dressing, this infusion can be used by diluting one to three.

Another great recipe is onion peel tincture. It not only saturates the soil with microelements, but also disinfects it, which is especially useful for young plants. It is very easy to prepare it, for this you need to take 20 g of husk per 5 liters of water and insist for five days. If you love coffee, try not to throw away the grounds throughout the year. It is dried and collected, and then applied to the soil. So it is saturated with nitrogen and oxygen, which is very beneficial for plants. In addition, gardeners recommend stocking dry banana skins. When ground and added to the soil, they are also an excellent source of potassium and other nutrients.

Ready-made nutrient complexes

It is difficult to say which option is optimal. Someone prefers to grow their plants exclusively on natural supplements, such as mullein or bird droppings. Others from early spring stock up on industrial solutions, powders and tablets, which are enough to dissolve in water and add to the ground. Complex fertilizer for tomato and pepper seedlings can be purchased in liquid form or in granules. Trademarks may have different names, but the essence remains the same. Check out the composition. If it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, then this is exactly the mineral complex that you need. For pepper, the percentage should be N: P: K% 12.5: 17.5: 25.When preparing the soil, fertilizer in an amount of 20-30 g per 1 square meter is evenly scattered over the surface of the earth, and then dug up.

The second stage opens during the growing season. Now the plants are additionally fed with a half dose. That is, 10 g per square meter is already used. The agent is introduced into damp soil and evenly distributed around, embedding in the soil. In addition, the fertilizer is applied in the form of a solution. To do this, you need to take 10 g of powder for seedlings and 20 g for adult plants. A small amount of insoluble residue is acceptable. For seedlings, it is recommended to alternate feeding with one watering with plain water. For adult plants, it is permissible to use it at every watering.

Instead of a conclusion

Pepper is a rather capricious crop, so in order to get a good harvest, the gardener must provide all the conditions for it. The southern plant loves hot weather and abundant watering, as well as nutritious soil. If the first two factors strongly depend on the climatic conditions of the region, then the third is entirely up to you. The choice of dressings differs in the preferences of the gardener himself. You can ask a neighbor, a farmer, for humus, supplement it with wood ash and forest humus, and you will get excellent nutrition for your plants. Or you can just buy a special solution or granules in the store, which will be enough in excess for the entire season.

And finally, advice from experienced gardeners. After harvesting, plant the bed in which you plan to plant the peppers with regular barley next season. As soon as the first greenery appears, mow it with a sickle and leave it on the ground. This will enrich the soil with nodule bacteria and make it healthier.

One of the most common crops grown by almost every summer resident is sweet pepper. And there are several reasons for universal love:

1. FirstlyThis delicious and healthy vegetable is versatile. It can be sliced ​​fresh into salads, or even prepared as a separate dish.
2. Secondly, pepper is easy and simple to grow if you know a few basic principles of how to do it right.

In order for a culture to feel comfortable, you need to look a little into history. This will help you find out what conditions are necessary for good fruiting, both in the open field and in the greenhouse.

The homeland of sweet pepper is South America. This means that this plant is best suited for approximately the same climate: warm and not arid.

If it is still cool in the greenhouse, it is worth installing a heater. And remove excess moisture by airing.

Open ground pleases the plant with warmth, but watering is necessary for good growth. These are the basic rules. But there are subtleties of pepper care that every summer resident should know.

How to grow a good harvest of pepper outdoors?

A good harvest of peppers is no coincidence. It takes effort with knowledge. So, for example, the rate of ripening of the fruit and the peculiarities of caring for it will depend on the choice of the variety. The time of sowing the seeds and the time of planting a young plant in the ground will depend on the variety.

Let's divide the whole process of growing pepper into several stages:

1. Soil and seed preparation.
2. Growing pepper seedlings from seeds.
3. Plant care.
4. Diseases and pests.

First stage

It all starts with preparing the seeds. What does this include? There are several technologies for processing seed material.

• One of them is to soak the seeds in hot water (water temperature from 40 degrees and above) for 4-6 hours. After that, the seeds are placed in a damp cloth in a heated room for 2 days.
• Another way is to dress the seeds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes. Then they must be rinsed and placed in a growth stimulant solution for 12 hours. After that, the seeds are washed and placed in a damp cloth for a couple of days.
• Land preparation. If ready-made soil is sold for sowing seeds.Then for planting seedlings after a pick and for growing peppers in the open field, you need to take care that the earth is loose and light, well fertilized. To do this, add humus and sand to the soil, in a ratio of 2 to 1. You can add ash.
• Soil preparation also includes site selection. This should be a bright place, protected from drafts. It is advisable to fertilize the earth with superphosphate (40-50 g), rotted manure (about 10 kg) and wood ash (up to 100 g) since autumn. These figures are per 1m² of soil.

Second phase

Considering that pepper seeds germinate for a long time, within two weeks, they should be planted in advance in containers in order to first grow seedlings.

The approximate dates when it is better to do this is the end of January, the beginning of February, depending on the variety and where the young plants will be planted: in open or closed ground.

Sowing seeds:

• the soil is pre-treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate;
• the box should be at the bottom with holes;
• the distance between the seeds is 2 cm;
• after disembarking, cover the box with foil or glass, put it in a dark, warm place;
• the box is put into the light with the appearance of the first shoots;
• water only when the soil dries out;
• pour with lukewarm water;
• dive with the appearance of two true leaves.

You can sow pepper seeds in separate pots, then you don't have to transplant it, which the plant will really like.

Stage Three

About 100 days pass, and the seedlings are ready for resettlement. Mid or late May is great for this. The soil then warms up well, and the plant is less sick. If the climate for heat-loving peppers is not quite suitable, this problem can be easily solved by constructing tall beds for the plant.

The seedlings themselves, and the beds for pepper prepared by that time, should be watered abundantly. The water must be warm! The distance between bushes and beds should not be less than 40-60 cm.

What does it take to take proper care of your plants? There is a simple rule of four "Ps":

1. Top dressing.
2. Watering.
3. Weeding.
4. Garter.

Here are some tips for caring for peppers:

1. Top dressing. During the growth and development of the plant (growing season), the pepper must be fed 3-4 times. This can be done both with specially prepared commercially available products, or by preparing the fertilizer yourself.
   • The seedlings are fed for the first time 10-14 days after planting in open ground. For 10-12 liters of water, 1 liter of manure is taken.
   • Second dressing before flowering. Potassium humate is diluted with 10 liters of water, 2 tbsp is added. double superphosphate (it can be pre-crushed).
   • For the third time, the pepper is fed with wood ash or superphosphate (it is possible in combination). A glass of ash (or 2 tablespoons of superphosphate) is filled with water and infused in the sun for 2 days. This feeding is carried out two weeks after the last fertilization of the plants.
     Nettle is an excellent universal fertilizer. Cut the nettle, put it in a bucket and pour 1 to 10 warm water. Insist for 2 or 3 days. Fertilizer is ready.
2. Watering. This plant loves moisture, but not waterlogging. Therefore, it is worth watering the pepper only if the soil is dry. The water must be warm!
3. Weeding. Light, fluffy soil is a prerequisite for good pepper growth. To do this, the land must be plowed up regularly.
4. Garter. Not only high varieties of peppers need support, but also those that delight gardeners with a good harvest. To do this, so as not to injure the roots of the plant later, even when planting seedlings, a support is buried next to the bush.

Pepper care when problems arise

Diseases and pests that harm pepper:

• late blight;
• blackleg;
• white rot;
• black bacterial spot;
• aphid;
• whitefly;
• bear;
• slugs;
• Colorado beetle.

If the "black leg" is easy to prevent, using good soil, avoiding waterlogging, and watering it only with warm water, then from such a disease as late blight, the most effective method will be prevention. For this, it was necessary to dress the seeds before planting. And with the arrival of night coolness and rains, the plants should be covered at night. Spraying with onion peel infusion is also useful.

For insects such as the Colorado potato beetle and the bear, experienced summer residents use special preparations and herbal infusions: tansy, garlic, yarrow, wormwood.

Pollination with wood ash will help protect the plant from pests. Aphids can be defeated with serum mixed with water (1.5 liters per bucket of water).

Tips for growing peppers in a greenhouse

Many summer residents prefer to grow heat-loving peppers in a greenhouse. But here, too, there are some points that you need to know and be prepared for. For example:

• In order for the cultivation of pepper in a greenhouse to bring only positive results, you need to carefully consider the choice of variety. Not every variety of pepper can do insect-free pollination. But in this case, you can try artificial pollination using an ordinary soft brush.
• Usually the soil in greenhouses is depleted from more frequent use. So, you need to take care of fertilizing it or replacing the top layer (20-25 cm) of the soil.
• Pesticides and fertilizers are best used those that are suitable for greenhouses. Most often, there is a special mark on their packaging.
• To combat pests that find comfortable conditions in the greenhouse, it is necessary to spray pepper with Fitosporin once a month.
• If the pepper is planted in the greenhouse in spring or autumn, then it is best to warm up the air in it.
• It is imperative to ventilate the greenhouse to avoid too high temperatures and high (almost 100%) humidity. If you cannot regularly ventilate the greenhouse, you can equip it with artificial ventilation.

Having learned how to properly grow peppers in a greenhouse, and taking the necessary actions, you can ensure that the plants are healthy and the yields are high.

Seedlings for greenhouses and for open field are grown according to the same principles. Three points are important for this: the pots of plants must be kept warm; make sure that the earth does not dry out and is not too wet; the soil should be lush and light. Sand, humus, undecomposed organic matter give the soil looseness.

Seedlings can be transplanted into the greenhouse earlier than in open ground. At the same time, experienced summer residents are advised to do this carefully, so that the roots of the young bush are completely immersed in the planting hole, without bending or twisting.

There are few rules for growing peppers in the open field, they are all easy to follow. If you follow them, you can get an excellent harvest.

Here are some helpful tips for growing peppers productively outdoors:

• To attract insects during flowering, the plant can be sprayed with sweetened water.
• Pepper is easily pollinated. Therefore, you should not plant different varieties of it close to each other.
• The plot that is planned to be given for pepper is carefully selected. In order to avoid plant diseases and for a good harvest, in no case should representatives of table root crops, pumpkin and legumes be the predecessors of pepper.
• It is imperative to harden the plant for their better acclimatization. To do this, 10 days before planting in open ground, it is necessary to take out the seedlings to fresh air. Starting from 10-15 minutes, it is necessary to gradually increase the residence time of the plants.
• If frost hits unexpectedly, the pepper plants can be saved. To do this, you need to water the soil well. Or insulate the plants with foil, paper, lutrasil. You can put plastic bottles with a cut off bottom on the bushes.

Over time, each summer resident gains his own experience.This helps him to expend less energy for good results.

Read also: when to sow peppers for seedlings?

Growing pepper in a greenhouse in the country - video