How to grow chickens for meat at home?

• Monthly profit (from): 170 $
• Payback period (from): 7 months
• Starting capital (from): 70,000 rubles

Relevance

Poultry farming is not a common business today. However, this type is quite cost-effective. Chicken meat and eggs are always in demand among domestic consumers, and breeding chickens at home for beginners can be an excellent start for entrepreneurs.

Advantages:

• constant demand, lack of seasonality for products;
• the ability to choose a direction (raising chickens for the sale of eggs, meat or young animals), combine them;
• the ability to start a business on a small scale (on a personal plot) without registering a business and gradually expand;
• low level of start-up investments;
• in addition to the main products, you can sell down, offal, dung for fertilization.

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Poultry laws

Growing on a farm

Business registration

Growing chickens with your own hands does not require registration of permits. But if you plan to open a farm with further expansion, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur or register an LLC. OKVED code 01.47.1 - "Growing and breeding of poultry".

A special certificate is required for the sale of goods. You also need to submit documents to the tax office and pay taxes on time.

Containment methods

There are two options:

1. Cellular. The chicken coop consists of racks on which bird cages are placed. Each section contains feeders and drinkers. This option is rarely used for breeding laying hens, since the mobility of the birds affects the quality of the eggs.
2. Floor. The method makes it possible to regularly walk the birds, and the ability to get natural food (grass, roots, food waste). In cells, the content is based only on feeding with compound feed.

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Benefits of outdoor maintenance

Poultry equipment

Since floor maintenance is more accessible and simple, consider the principles of equipping a poultry house. Of the basic materials, you will need slate, cinder block or boards. Take care of the insulation of the structure in the winter, as performance will depend on this. In winter, the floor should have a layer of insulation of 15 centimeters. It can be hay or sawdust.

The room should be well ventilated, but so that rodents cannot enter. The height of the structure should not be higher than 2 meters. If possible, enter the house from the east side. Place the perches near the back wall. In the corners of the room, you need to arrange nests - their role can be played by boxes made of wood with hay and sawdust. Place drinkers and feeders along the walls.

Also caring for chickens involves disinfection. To get rid of parasites, place a container with ash, sand and ash. Apply lime on floors and walls periodically to combat various diseases.

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Purchase of birds

How to start organizing a business? For beginners, you can purchase several dozen chickens and gradually build up momentum, gaining experience. In general, the number of birds depends on the area of ​​the room. The permissible number of adult birds per 10 m² is 20 birds (floor method). When caged, 7 chickens are taken per section. The sex distribution of birds is also important: at least one rooster is needed for 10 chickens.
Laying hens are best taken before laying eggs. To avoid the risk, it is better to purchase chickens, but leave the money to buy an adult bird until the time of egg-laying.

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Conditions of detention

For normal life, the temperature regime of the poultry house should not overstep the boundaries of -2 ° and + 27 ° C. The temperature of the content largely depends on the breed.

The disinfection process must be carried out every 3 months. To do this, dilute 2 kilograms of lime in 10 liters of water and cover the floor, walls and perch with a thin layer.

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Chicken coop at home

Feeding

Feeding chicks should be carefully considered, it is better to involve a specialist for this. The basis of their nutrition should be compound feed. Adults can be supplemented with grass, potatoes, root crops.

Also, for rapid growth and health, the diet should include vitamins, calcium contained in the shell, and chalk. In the summer, chickens can independently get some of their food. The herb can be prepared to be added in winter.

The diet includes:

• wheat;
• corn;
• cake, meal;
• bone meal;
• roots;
• a variety of grass;
• nettle;
• wheat bran;
• sand, gravel.

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Breed selection

In international practice, it is customary to classify chickens into the following types:

• meat (Brahma, Faverol, Cornish);
• egg (Russian white, Loman brown, Highsek, Leghorn);
• meat and egg breeds (Rhode Island, Moscow White, Australorp, Spanish Golosheyka, Leningradskaya, Moscow);
• decorative (Kokhinhin dwarf, Bentamka, Silkova);
• fighting (Moscow fighting, Azil, Malay).

Before starting a business organization, you need to choose a business direction. To sell meat or eggs, it is worth choosing different breeds. This must be taken into account when leaving the poultry farm business plan.

Among domestic poultry farmers, Leghorn, Kuchinskaya Jubilee, are considered the most adapted and highly productive breeds. Faverol, Loman Brown and Pushkinskaya.

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Highsek and Loman Brown

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Faverol

Rare breeds

Financial calculations

With the correct organization of the poultry house, about 100 heads per day produce up to 80 eggs. With an average calculation for one chicken per day, you need to spend 1.8 - 2 rubles.

Major costs include:

• lease or purchase of a land plot;
• preparation of the premises for keeping birds;
• buying chickens;
• payment for the services of a poultry farmer, veterinarian;
• providing food, vitamins;
• business registration, tax deductions.

The initial investment can be reduced to 1 - 3 thousand dollars for the organization of a mini-farm for 100 heads, if you replace expensive automatic equipment with manual labor. You can save on the purchase of compound feed by harvesting feed yourself.In order not to spend money on the purchase of young animals, you can equip a chicken coop with an incubator.

The income comes from the sale of meat, eggs, young and adult chickens. Its size depends on the following parameters:

• sales markets;
• the volume of products sold;
• business strategy.

Profitability business for breeding chickens today is estimated at 90-95%. The payback period for the project is 1-1.5 years.

The information provided in the article is only a brief introduction to the essence of business.

If you decide to move on to implementation, then you need to download a professional poultry business plan with detailed calculations:

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When a new lover of wildlife has mastered the garden, he will think about getting animal products. Breeding chickens at home for beginners is the first experience of commercial production of meat and eggs. Chickens are most tolerant of lack of grooming, almost omnivorous and friendly. This is an almost waste-free production - droppings, eggs, meat, feathers - everything goes into business.

Livestock conditions

The first step is to determine whether a seasonal or year-round flock will be kept. For summer time, a light shelter and a walking area are enough. In winter, you need a warm shed. In the summer, in order to feed on eggs, you need to buy pullet hens. For beginners, raising chickens at home all year round determines the quality of the chickens. It is better to buy a batch of daily chicks at a poultry farm with a guarantee that the livestock will be thoroughbred and zoned.

It is necessary to read the literature and determine the physiological norms of keeping and feeding chickens. Some facts about the conditions for raising chickens will need to be known in advance.

For floor keeping, the room should have an area at the rate of 5 chickens per 1 square meter. The temperature of the content is not lower than 5-7 degrees. The room should be warm, light, dry, egg production depends on it. At night, regardless of the season, chickens should be indoors, equipped with perches. On the roost, each chicken should be 20 cm long and they should all be placed at the same level.

In the cage, the bird develops faster, rushes and gains weight. 5-7 individuals are placed in one cage. A rooster in the herd is needed if fertilized eggs are required in the future for incubating chicks. In summer cottage life, a rooster is needed for beauty and a flooded announcement of a new day.

A walking area for chickens is necessary, they must be outdoors. A shed is needed so that the herd can shelter from the rain.

For beginners, breeding chickens at home is important to determine the number and place of residence of the birds.

What breeds of chickens are suitable for home breeding

Not all chicken breeds are suitable for backyard farming. Therefore, you need to choose chickens for home breeding, taking into account the specifics of the content, simple or thoroughbred. Simple ones are less demanding on the balance of feed, on keeping conditions. There are breeds of meat or egg orientation. So, meat broilers can be grown per season for full-fledged slaughter with a carcass weight of 3-4 kg. Egg breeds of chickens rush abundantly, but during the molting period they can be slaughtered, the soup will be rich. For a personal backyard, it is recommended to breed chickens of egg breeds:

• Russian whites;
• Red white-tailed;
• Leghorns

Got one day old chicks, what's next?

You need to take a large warm box. Day-old chickens will knock on the wall with their nose, if it is made of cardboard or foam, they will prick and die. At the bottom, cover the bottom with newspapers, place a drinker and a feeder on them. Place an incandescent lamp on a tripod on top, adjusting the height so that the floor is 30 C.A brood will be hindered at the bottom of the box and illuminated on the first day, even at night, later the daylight hours are reduced from 17 hours to 8.

Food and drink should always be available. Remove the pellet newspaper 2 times a day. If the chickens do "heap-small", they are cold, the lower ones can be crushed. If you are flattened away from the light, it is hot. From the fifth day, the temperature is reduced to 26 degrees and every week by 3 degrees more, so to 18. From the box, the chickens are transferred to the litter, gradually increasing the area.

By the age of 4 months, the chicks are slightly smaller than an adult chicken in size, at 5 months they begin to rush.

Keeping chickens

While the chickens were growing up in a cramped but warm room for the first two months, a chicken coop was built for them. A house for chickens can become a decoration of the estate. The main thing is that it should be without cracks so that there is no draft. The floor is covered with a thick layer of sawdust or straw.

Feeders with three compartments are arranged:

• dry food;
• mineral supplements;
• mash.

The feeder should be separated by bar grates so that the bird can peck rather than trample on the feed. Drinking bowl is installed separately. It is necessary to arrange an ash-sand bath in an old trough. By the time the hens ripen, nests should be prepared - deep boxes lined with dry grass with a depression. Install them in a secluded place at the rate of a nest for 3 hens.

For summer maintenance, the house can be built of plywood with a walk, fenced with a chain-link netting. For winter, you need an insulated, ventilated, heated room with electric lighting and a walking area. With good care, chickens fly in winter like in summer.

Chicken diet

Any villager will tell you how to breed chickens at home. But one neighbor sells an excess of eggs all year round, while the other scolds her lazy people. Good care and balanced feeding from birth is required to recoup the cost of keeping the livestock.

Chicks need water twice as much as feed. Therefore, there must be fresh water in the drinker. For the first time, diaries need to be given a 5% glucose solution to drink.

Fodder is poured on cardboard sheets until the age of seven days, then feeders are installed, preferably suspended. the first feeding of chicks consists of:

• fine grains crushed;
• hard boiled egg;
• dry fat-free cottage cheese.

Later, the egg is no longer given, the cottage cheese contains calcium, promotes plumage. From the second day, the addition of finely chopped greens to the feed is encouraged. In winter, when there is no clover, you can germinate cereals and add greens to the feed.

From day 3, the mash can be cooked in yogurt, meat broth. They feed only with a fresh mash, after an hour the leftovers are thrown away, the feeder is washed and rinsed with potassium permanganate. A weak pinkish solution of potassium permanganate should be fed to chickens in the morning twice a week. Five day old chicks are already resilient. They gradually increase the amount of feed, add vitamins, fish oil, from the first day they need fine gravel, eggshells, coarse sand. Until two months of age, only crushed cereals are used from cereals.

Compound feed for adult chicken is required in the composition:

• corn - 40%;
• wheat bran - 8%;
• barley flour - 20%;
• sunflower cake - 10%;
• fish meal, meat and bone meal 1: 1 - 10%;
• feed yeast - 3%;
• mineral additives, table salt - 5%.

Such a mixture in pure form and a mash is given 2-3 times a day. For good work of the stomach, be sure to feed the chickens with dry grain, it is better if the film on oats and rye is less.

A homemade egg always tastes different from a factory egg due to a variety of feed. The presence of carotene contributes to the orange color, this is due to the large amount of vitamin greens in the diet of layers.

It is impossible to overfeed the laying hen, it will be difficult for her to carry, the insides will become fat. The eggs will begin to cover with a thin film instead of the shell, pour out, contaminating the nest. This circumstance will allow the birds to learn the taste of the product, and biting will begin in the future.

You need to feed the hen:

• mash - 65-75 g;
• dry grain mixture - 30-45 g;
• sprouted cereals - 10-12 g;
• root vegetables - 20-25 g;
• fish oil, yeast, gravel, shell 1-2 g each.

You can add leftovers from the table to the feed, diversify the menu. The more ingredients in the feed, the tastier the egg. The menu depends on the season. However, if you visit the base, then chickens can eat vitamins all year round - often withered greens and fruits are thrown into waste containers. Chickens especially like mangoes and oranges.

The golden age of the laying hen is up to 15 months, later it rushes less often, the meat coarsens. By this time, a new brood of chickens will be ready - this is how chickens are bred in the courtyard. Usually the first eggs of pullets are brought at the age of 110-120 days.

Signs of disease

It is necessary to warn, for beginners, breeding chickens at home to know the main signs of disease. Despite good hygienic conditions, pigeons, stealing food, and rodents can bring the disease. Sick birds can be seen immediately. They are lethargic, do not go to the trough, do not stand up, convulsions are observed. A sick bird must be immediately separated from the flock.

Lethargy, lack of appetite is considered a sign of vitamin deficiency. Feed greens, irradiate with ultraviolet lamps, give fish oil and everything will work out. It is more terrible to cope with the cannibalism of chickens. If a wound appears on the body of a bird, it will attract the attention of companions. Therefore, the light in the hen house should not be bright, the muted and reddish color hides fresh wounds.

You need to be on the alert, expect pecking and understand the reasons for this ailment:

• chickens bite their fingers in the blood - it is hungry:
• pecking out the head - the establishment of a hierarchy is in progress;
• pecking of the cloaca - when it is inflamed from improper feeding;
• when the cloaca is inflamed and falls out from the socks of very large eggs;
• pluck feathers - there are few minerals in the feed;
• the presence of insects - feather eaters, lice, ticks.

How to keep chickens and have a productive flock is a multifaceted question.

Video about breeding chickens at home

Poultry farming is an excellent option for a small business, it allows an entrepreneur to do business "by vocation" and at the same time make good money. Chickens are one of the most productive poultry. Their meat and eggs are very tasty and healthy, they also provide fluff and feathers. Such products are of high quality and environmentally friendly, and are much more in demand than those obtained by industrial methods.

Breeding chickens at home is beneficial for many reasons, it is low-cost and highly profitable, and the poultry population is easy to maintain and control. You can raise domestic chickens in the country, in the village, in the backyard outside the city, etc.

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Varieties and types of chickens

Over a long history of about 8000 years of chicken domestication, a large number of various breeds have been bred (more than 700 today). Breeds differ in appearance, color, breeding characteristics and directions of use. Weigh from 1.5 to 5 kg, depending on the variety.

The most common is division of varieties and species by the nature of the main products:

• Egg breeds - Italian (Leghorn), Russian White, Pushkin, Red Hat, Minorca, etc.
• Meat breeds - brama, cochinchin, cornish, gudan, langshan, faverol, etc., including broilers.
• Meat and egg (mixed, general users) - Kuchin Jubilee, Moscow Black, Poltava Clay, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Sussex, Wyandot, Plymouth Rock, etc.

Egg breeds (or laying hens) are distinguished by high egg production, small size, rapid growth and maturation.Their average weight is 2 kg, egg production is on average 250 eggs per year, meat is less tasty and juicy than that of meat and meat-egg directions.

Meat breeds - large in size and large muscle mass, loose, stocky, with thick legs, calm. Average weight - 3-3.5 kg, average egg production. As a result of crossing different meat breeds, broilers are obtained - an artificially bred species of chickens, which is distinguished by high early maturity and productivity. It is very suitable for farming in a backyard environment. Basically, to obtain broilers, white Cornish cocks are crossed with Plymouthrock chickens, also white.

Meat and egg chickens are of medium size, with well-developed muscular muscles, they are medium-ripe, hardy, calm, unpretentious. Average weight - 2.5-3 kg. The eggs are smaller than those of the egg breeds. This is a versatile option that is most often bred in the household.

In industrial production, which has two goals - obtaining meat and eggs, hybrid breeds and crosses of chickens, mainly layers and broilers, are popular.

What to choose: laying hens or broilers

Sometimes it is difficult for a farmer to decide which breed is better to grow? Therefore, before making a choice, you need to decide which final product you need to get: an egg or meat.

If we are guided by the profitability of the farm, then the profit from the maintenance of both laying hens and broilers will be approximately the same, but the costs of growing broilers will be higher. They need better conditions, more feed, broilers are more likely to get sick, but they also grow faster. Broiler meat is the most valuable in terms of protein composition and nutritional value among chickens. But layers are more hardy, average conditions of keeping are suitable for them, they are unpretentious in food, and their eggs are excellent in taste and useful substances.

The optimal solution for a novice businessman would be either the purchase of several dozen poultry of meat and egg breed, or the same number of half-laying hens and broilers.

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Where to begin

Incubator selection

To start a business of raising domestic chickens, both buying eggs and raising chickens, as well as purchasing grown-up young are suitable. If you decide to hatch chickens yourself, then you will definitely need an incubator, since in modern conditions it is unproductive to use layers for this.

Incubators vary:

• by the method of turning eggs: manual, mechanical, automatic. The last two types are certainly more convenient;
• by the number of eggs placed. Optimal - for 70 pieces;
• by the presence of a fan. It is better to take it with it, since uniform heating of the entire masonry is required;
• by the presence of a battery, which allows you to maintain an autonomous power supply in the event of a power outage. It is better to have a battery.

Experienced farmers advise making an incubator on their own, which will cost about 4-5 times cheaper than buying. Many adapt the chamber of an old refrigerator under the incubator, making it warm, light and ventilated.

Rules for building a chicken coop and auxiliary rooms for chickens

Regardless of what breed of birds is chosen for keeping, it is imperative to equip a chicken coop for them. Poultry house you can buy, rent or build yourself. The design itself is not complicated; slate, boards or gas silicate blocks will be required from materials. The latter option is not cheap, but it is reliable and durable. The poultry house is insulated with straw and sawdust, on the floor in winter you need a layer of insulation of 15 cm. In a warm room, chickens are able to lay eggs all year round.

The hen house should have windows for ventilation and be equipped artificial lighting for the winter season. The premise is required to be dry, without drafts, the optimum temperature is from -2 to +28 degrees. The house needs regular cleanliness, the litter is changed 1-2 times a week, the droppings are cleaned as needed.

Inside the chicken coop is done perch - a pole, suspended at a distance of half a meter from the ground, and nests for incubating eggs are equipped - on a special shelf covered with hay or straw. One nest is made for three or four birds, the total length of the chicken coop is calculated: 10 cm per bird. A sufficient number of feeders and drinkers are required. The floor is covered with sand, gravel, and sawdust on top.

To keep sedentary broilers in the chicken coop, cells... The arrangement of the cages is quite expensive financially. The room is equipped with racks, where the cells will be placed, drinkers, feeders, nests for incubating eggs. Birds often suffer mainly from infectious diseases, so it is necessary to protect them from this whenever possible. It is necessary to put a box with sand and ash so that the chickens clean their feathers and destroy parasites on their own. For the same reason, the walls of the hen house must be whitewashed.

To make the hens comfortable, the chicken coop should be adjacent fenced area for walking - corral. For the correct exit of the bird to the street, a hole with a diameter of a little more than half a meter is installed, you can cut it through the doors. The quantity and quality of eggs depends on the activity of this breed; keeping them in the air has a positive effect on health. After construction, the corral is sown with grass, which will be one of the types of food.

Chicks are always kept separately from adult birds.

Such a room must be disinfected, the acceptable air temperature for day-old chicks is about 30 degrees, for grown-up individuals - at least 17 degrees. The daily bird is usually kept in cardboard boxes with uniform lighting and heating.

Selecting Incubator Eggs and Chicks

For hatching chickens in an incubator, eggs are suitable only from healthy birds, of a standard size and shape, with a shell that is uniform in structure and color. If at least one condition is not met, then the chicks may not appear.

The quality of the eggs is checked on a special device - ovoscope... There are special signs of healthy eggs for the processes taking place in them. If fertilization has occurred, then with the help of the device a dark speck will be visible in the egg, the yolk is in the center, the air chamber is at the blunt end of the egg, there should be no foreign inclusions. After a week, the verification procedure is repeated. Before hatching, after about 21 days, the eggs are checked for readiness: there should be a minimum of squirrel, the air chamber should occupy two-thirds of the egg.

The age of the young stock purchased will depend on the breed. It is better to take broilers for daily allowances, layers - at the age of 3-4 weeks. Age is determined by appearance: a very small bird has only fluff, a three-week-old one already has plumage. It is better to buy both eggs and young animals only from trusted producers, in hatcheries. In the market, in random places there is a risk of taking sick or outbred birds; poultry farms often also sell discarded birds.

Novice entrepreneurs should buy an already grown bird, and not risk self-breeding chicks, since day-old chicks are very whimsical.

Growing process

For good results, chickens should be fed quality feed, to live in suitable conditions, to have full care. The bird needs to consume a small amount of feed (100 grams), but intense. Food is mainly small seeds, grass, leaves, worms, larvae, insects, etc., that is, chickens are almost omnivorous.

Chicks you should feed varied and nutritiously, it can be special feed formulations, or homemade food - small pieces of steep eggs, buckwheat, rice, millet porridge, cottage cheese, milk. Special trays are used for feeding. Chicks should reduce the amount of soft food as they grow and replace it with dry or steamed grain with added bone meal.

Adult bird you need grain and complete feed. At home, the main food is various types of cereals: oats, barley, buckwheat, millet, and corn. Greens can be used as a supplement when there is no herb. Periodically, the bird is fed with vitamin and mineral complexes. It is imperative to add sand and small lime stones to facilitate digestion and build the shell.

Feed is usually given twice a day in any season - morning and evening. Both too frequent and infrequent feeding is not recommended, since both malnutrition and obesity are equally harmful to the bird. However, broilers need to consume feed up to 6 times a day to quickly gain weight. An appropriate diet would be specialized feed (fish and meat and bone meal) with the addition of proteins and grain crops (corn, barley, etc.). Be sure to have a drinking bowl with clean water.

For breeding one rooster is recommended for about 10 hens; to obtain edible eggs, hens can be kept without roosters. Sexual maturity occurs in about 5 months when the chickens begin to lay eggs. During the molting period (about 3 weeks), the laying of eggs is suspended, then resumes after about a month. Most of the eggs laid are in the spring and summer. After a year, egg production is already decreasing, and a replacement of the livestock is recommended.

Long-term selection has weakened the brooding instinct of breeding breeds. Therefore, an incubator is used to incubate the eggs and hatch the young. The incubation period for hatching the chick is 21 days. The hatched chicks after 3-4 weeks can be placed near the hen, then go out into the yard. By 6 months, the chick is considered an adult with good muscle mass and developed plumage.

Brief business plan

A business plan for a small household in which chickens are raised should include the following main points:

1. Analysis of a business idea, determination of its profitability. It is assumed that this is a cost-effective project in terms of cost-benefit ratio. A particularly good income can be generated by a combination of laying hens and broilers.
2. The start-up capital for the project is approximately 250,000 rubles.
3. Business registration. It is not recommended to immediately register this type of activity. For a start, it is better to try to breed a bird for yourself and analyze the results of the pilot project. If successful, state registration can be carried out, because it is easier for a registered entrepreneur to find points of sale for products.
4. Financial costs go to the arrangement of premises and equipment for raising chickens, as well as the purchase, maintenance and feed of poultry.
5. Search for sales markets. Traditional places: markets, shops, catering establishments, etc. Competitors are the same entrepreneurs and poultry farms on a larger scale. Poultry farms are out of competition due to the lower quality of their products.
6. Payback of the project. The average payback is 1 year. The net profit can be 200,000 rubles.The average cost of selling products is 150 rubles, which includes the sale of meat, eggs, feathers, down, as well as poultry manure as fertilizer.
7. Consideration of perceived risks. This can be a loss of livestock as a result of disease, a sudden deterioration in conditions of detention, and other unforeseen circumstances.

Sales of products

In procurement meat and eggs poultry may be interested in supermarkets, specialized grocery stores selling organic products, restaurants, cafes, canteens, sanatoriums, etc.

Feather and down usually in demand in the textile industry, in the production of pillows, feather beds, various types of insulation for clothing.

It is possible both direct sale of products at markets, fairs or with delivery to the consumer, and implementation through an Internet store. On the market, you can sell both day old and slightly grown chickens, and the rest can be used to replenish the herd. If there are few eggs so far, they can also be sold on the market. When the number of products increases, it will be advisable to establish a point of sale.

For tips on raising chickens at home, see the following video collection.
Part 1:

Part 2:

Part 3:

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Breeding chickens on a personal plot is a great help for every family. This activity will not cause much trouble, but it will provide meat and eggs. Children can be involved in raising chickens, for them it will be an interesting and exciting experience.

Growing chickens at home for beginners

Chicken meat and eggs are very important foods for every person. They belong to the category of dietary and healthy foods. Chicken meat contains a small amount of fat, but it is rich in proteins, vitamins and amino acids. The meat obtained from the breeding of domestic chickens has a special aroma and taste. It is in no way comparable to chicken meat bought in the store.

Chicken eggs are the main source of protein. Homemade egg yolk is rich in carotene, vitamins and other nutrients. Nutritionists recommend that you definitely eat eggs.

Breeding chickens at home won't be a hassle. In the summer months, they can be kept in an open space, where they can swim in the ground, get worms, insects, and peck grass. To keep chickens in the winter requires completely different conditions of detention. Beginners should start by breeding simple chicken breeds, and later it will be possible to move on to purebred ones. There are differences in the requirements of their content.

Tips for choosing a chicken breed

First of all, you need to decide on the breed of chickens. They are divided into:

• egg,
• meat,
• meat and egg,
• decorative.

Each owner must decide what he wants to get in the end. If you want to get only an egg, then you should start breeding chicken of the egg breed. Such chickens are considered unpretentious, disease-resistant, and actively laying eggs. During the period of falling egg production, such a breed can be used for meat.

The most popular oviparous breeds are:

• russian white,
• red white-tailed,
• Kuchinskaya jubilee,
• Rhodonite,
• Oryol laying hen,
• Lohman-Brown.

These breeds of chickens begin to lay eggs at the age of 5-7 months. Oviparous breeds produce about 300 eggs during the year. The average weight of one egg is 60 g. Egg hens weigh from 2 to 4 kg.

Orlov laying hen

If the purpose of raising domestic chickens is meat, then it is worth starting meat breeds. They grow pretty fast. You need to buy meat chickens in the spring. Until the end of autumn, they are gaining sufficient weight. Meat breeds also lay eggs, but the number per year is much less - from 100 to 130 pieces. And they begin to lay eggs at the age of 8-9 months.

The most popular beef breeds:

• Broiler,
• Plymouth Rock,
• Light brahma,
• Dark brahma,
• Brahma partridge,
• Brahma Palevaya,
• Cornish,
• Dorking.

Chickens of these breeds by the end of autumn grow from 4 to 5 kg, the largest individuals reach 7 kg. They have a calm character and are very fond of greenery.

Brahma partridge

Bress Gallic belongs to meat and egg breeds of chickens. They begin to rush quite early - at the age of 5 months. During the year, 190-220 large eggs weighing about 80g are produced. Chickens of this breed by the end of autumn weigh about 3.5 kg, and roosters - 5 kg. They are hardy, tolerate winter well. When free-roaming in the summer, you need to know that these chickens fly very well.

Decorative breeds include:

• Bentamka,
• Shamo,
• Curly chickens,
• Sibright.

These birds can often be seen at exhibitions. Some are rather small, but still each breed lays eggs, albeit in small numbers.

Curly chickens

Where do you buy good chickens?

Having decided on the breed of chickens, the question arises about the place of purchase. There is a lot of choice here. Can be purchased at the poultry farm, breeder, or market. It is advisable for novice poultry breeders to make a purchase from a professional breeder. He can immediately advise on feed, vitamins and preparations for chickens.

Day-old chickens are purchased for growing meat breeds. From egg breeds, it is better to buy young animals that have reached four weeks of age. When buying, you should always pay attention to the appearance of the chicks and their behavior. Day-old chicks are covered only with down. In no case should it be wet or dirty. When buying older young animals, you also need to pay attention to the plumage. You also need to pay attention to the legs. They should be level and the chick should stand firmly on them.

Day-old chicks

Arrangement of a chicken coop

If the plans are to keep chickens only until the onset of autumn, then you can build a canopy to protect from rain and the scorching sun, and equip nests. But if the growing of chickens is year-round, then it is worth taking care of the capital arrangement of the chicken coop. Chickens should not be crowded. One individual needs an area of ​​0.5 m2. From this area it is worth calculating the area of ​​the chicken coop.

You need to choose the right place for construction. It should be well lit and protected from drafts. The chicken coop cannot be built on the ground. Such a structure will be unreliable in terms of rodents. In addition, in winter, chickens will be cold in such a room. Therefore, a prerequisite is the construction of the foundation.

The depth of the foundation should be at least 50 cm. It is also advisable to make a pillow about 15 cm thick, consisting of sand and gravel. Walls can be built from bricks or cinder blocks. The roof is erected single or gable. The windows in the hen house are small. Also, a convenient exit to the corral of 30x30 cm is required. The walls, floor and roof must be insulated. All the cracks around the windows need to be repaired.

In the photo there is an equipped chicken coop for birds

In the chicken coop, it is imperative to build perches and nests. Nests must be fenced off on three sides, and covered with straw inside. Dirty straw should be replaced periodically with new ones to keep the nest clean at all times. This will give the hen the habit of laying eggs in one place. Lay sawdust, hay or straw on the floor for additional insulation.

There must be lighting and ventilation in the chicken coop. Heating can be carried out. In a warm room, even in cold winters, chickens will continue to lay eggs. The walls need to be whitewashed with lime. This will kill the infection as well as prevent disease.

Video - breeding chickens, personal experience

Site preparation for chickens

Having built a capital chicken coop, you need to think about where the small chickens will be kept for the first time. A place for them can be set aside in a built poultry house, fencing off a small area on the ground, but it may be cold for young animals there. Therefore, it is better to build a large box and put it on supports, raising it above the floor by 0.5-0.7 m.

Keeping small chickens in the early days

The bottom of the box must be covered with papers, so it will be easier to replace them. The floor must always remain dry. Otherwise, the young may get sick, which will lead to their death. It is important to keep the chick box clean.

They also need constant ventilation of the room, but the main thing is to avoid drafts and observe the temperature regime. The temperature in the room with young animals, in the first week of their life, should be kept at the level of 30 ° С. In order to monitor the temperature, it is necessary to install a thermometer in the room.

You need to know that chickens of different ages should never be kept in the same box. The older young will bite the younger.

Feeding chickens and chickens

Feeding the young should be taken very seriously. It is best to purchase a ready-made starter feed. Such food should be given for the first 10-14 days. After this period, you can gradually introduce chopped vegetables, and after another 10 days - greens and mixed feed. Water should always be present in the drinker. It should be replaced as often as possible.

The process of feeding chickens and chickens

For full development, good weight gain and laying eggs, chickens need good nutrition. You can buy ready-made compound feed for poultry. The feed contains about 65% carbohydrates, the rest is protein supplements. The finished compound feed differs in composition and is intended for different ages. There is a special feed for laying hens. It is rich in minerals and highly nutritious. Mineral additives can be added to the feed yourself.

Chickens should get a varied diet

Chickens are fed both dry and wet. Grain is best used for feeding in the morning and evening. At lunchtime, chickens need to be fed with wet feed. In addition to grains, potato peels, cabbage leaves, or beet leaves can be fed. An adult chicken should eat per day:

Table 1. Sample menu for chickens

1	oats	G	20
2	barley	G	30-50
3	corn	G	60
4	wheat	G	60
5	fish flour	G	10

Poultry should not be overfeeded, especially egg breeds. With plentiful nutrition, chickens build up fat on the internal organs, which prevents the laying of eggs.

Salt should be added to the grain no more than once a week. It helps food to digest well. But the main thing is that thanks to salt, helminths (worms) are destroyed.

In a separate feeder, you can pour sand or crushed shell rock. This will provide the eggs with a strong shell and will also keep the chickens from eating the eggs. There should always be a drinking bowl with clean water in the bird pen. In winter, the water should not freeze in the drinking bowl. Therefore, the temperature in the poultry house, even in the worst frosts, should not drop below + 2 ° C.

In summer, feeders and drinkers should be in a pen that is adjacent to the chicken coop. And in the winter months they need to be brought indoors.

Disease prevention

Recently, breeds of chickens are being developed that are resistant to diseases. But still, for the prevention of diseases, it is necessary to perform:

• regular cleaning in the chicken coop,
• whitewash the walls with lime once a month,
• periodically turn on ultraviolet lamps,
• inspect the bird for parasites.

If one individual does not eat well, its comb color has changed, then it must be isolated from the rest. In the event of an infectious disease, isolating one individual can save everyone else.

Using bird droppings

The house needs to be cleaned periodically. Chicken droppings can be used as fertilizer. It can be called the most valuable organic fertilizer. It is rich in nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus. It is in chicken manure that the content of these substances is 4 times higher than in other fertilizers.

In the ground, useful substances are stored for 2-3 years after fertilization. This is due to the fact that the release of nutrients from chicken manure occurs gradually.

To prepare the fertilizer, it is necessary to pour chicken manure with water, a ratio of 1:20 is applied. This mixture should stand in the open air for 10-14 days. Then water the beds with the settled droppings.

Bird droppings can be used as fertilizer on the site

It is necessary to provide chickens with good living conditions, observe temperature and light conditions, and use high-quality feed. In the summer, feed it with grass or release it to free pastures. Observing all these rules of care, you can achieve good egg production of egg breeds of chickens and a large weight of meat breeds.

Video - breeding chickens at home, tips for beginners