Content
Thanks to its rich taste and delicate aroma, the porcini mushroom is considered the most valuable trophy from the "quiet hunt". However, not all gourmets like to wander through the forests in search of prey, but this delicacy is not cheap. However, there is a way out! Let's find out how to grow porcini mushrooms on your own plot.
How to prepare seed yourself
To grow mushrooms at home, you need to stock up on seed. To cook it yourself, you need to find overripe boletus in the forest (dried and wormy ones will do).
To obtain seed, you need about 10 caps. At home, separate them from the stalks and prepare a container of water. Alcohol (3 tablespoons per 10 liters), potassium permanganate (1 g per bucket) and granulated sugar (50 g) can be added to the water. Knead the caps in your hands and add them to the water to make a homogeneous mass. It should be infused for about 10 hours. Then strain it. Spores of fungi are contained in water, cake is not needed. Use the caps collected in the forest within a few hours, otherwise they will deteriorate. You cannot freeze them.
To grow boletus at home, you can use the mycelium brought from the forest: having found an adult mushroom in the forest, cut off a layer of earth around it about 25x25 cm. At home, you can completely lay the mycelium in the prepared soil, or divide it into 8–20 pieces.
Buying ready-made mycelium
Growing porcini mushrooms at home is possible with the help of a purchased mycelium. The mycelium of the porcini mushroom can be either dry or already germinated, placed in a substrate. If you intend to purchase it online, choose a trusted and reliable supplier. When buying directly, pay attention: the sprouted mycelium of porcini mushrooms should be red in color with small yellow blotches. The presence of black and green areas, as well as a strong smell of ammonia, indicate that the product is spoiled.
In open areas, planting the mycelium of porcini mushrooms should be carried out under a forest tree. The first harvest can be expected next year. Fruiting from the mycelium lasts on average 3-4 years, but if useful microorganisms (for example, "Baikal EM-1") are added to the water for irrigation, this period can be increased to seven years and, moreover, the yield can be increased.
Selection and preparation of the substrate
To grow mushrooms in the garden, you can use a purchased substrate or cook it yourself. To do this, you need to mix straw, sawdust of deciduous trees, sunflower husks. Other sources recommend alternating layers: one from a mixture of dead leaves with sawdust, the second from the same mixture with the addition of soil. It is important that none of the components contain rot and mold. Before planting mushrooms, the substrate must be properly moistened, and it is recommended to use boiling water or steam - this will kill harmful bacteria at the same time.
Growing features
First, decide where you will grow your crop: in a basement, a greenhouse or on a plot. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.
First, consider how to grow a porcini mushroom on the site.
The cultivation of porcini mushrooms in a personal plot assumes the presence of coniferous or deciduous forest trees there.Fruit mushrooms will not work - you need to grow porcini mushrooms in the country away from any cultivated plants, be it trees, shrubs or vegetables.
Remove the top layer of earth (about 15 cm) around the selected tree. It is desirable that the roots are exposed at the same time, but in no case should they be damaged. If using a spore infusion, pour it on the ground (approximately 350 ml per 25 cm2). Then cover again with earth and water abundantly - either along the trunk or with shallow irrigation. In this way, you can plant a porcini mushroom in the country in August-September.
To plant mycelium, make a 1.5 sq. m in diameter and 30 cm deep. Place the substrate in it, alternating it with the ground in 10 cm layers. The height of such a bed should be 20 cm above ground level. Plant the mycelium in the substrate in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 30 cm between the bags. Carefully water the garden bed, cover it with a layer of fallen leaves.
Planting mycelium can be carried out from May to September.
Caring for planted mushrooms consists mainly of abundant watering. For the winter, it is recommended to cover them with a thick layer of foliage, spruce branches or straw.
When growing mushrooms indoors, it must first be sterilized with a 1% chlorine solution, otherwise pests may start, including various types of mold and parasitic insects.
Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse or in a basement implies creating a warm and humid microclimate, since it will not work to grow many porcini mushrooms in dry air. In order for the greenhouse atmosphere to meet these requirements, it is recommended to install several barrels of water or wet sawdust there.
The substrate for the premises is the same as for open areas. In the basement, bags with small incisions are filled with them. Sowing is recommended with mycelium. The bags should be placed no closer than 5 cm from each other.
During the incubation period (until the caps appear), the temperature should be maintained at + 23–25 ° C; a temperature of +30 ° C will destroy most of the myceliums of the grown crop.
Lighting is not required at this time. In the greenhouse, it is advisable to muffle it as much as possible, in the basement it is simply not to turn it on. Airing is not necessary, but the humidity should not be more than 90%, so that mold does not start. Also, for its prevention, disinfection is periodically done with a chlorine solution.
Growing mushrooms need different care: when the caps appear, the temperature is lowered to +10 ° C. Now the greenhouse or cellar should be well ventilated - oxygen is necessary for the normal development of boletus. Lighting is required for 5-6 hours a day. To grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse, it must be muted, without direct sunlight. It is advisable to spray mushrooms from a spray bottle 2 times a day: this will make their structure denser. The first crop can usually be taken in 20-25 days.
Moldy bags must be removed from the premises immediately. Mushrooms cannot be grown on them, but they can become a good fertilizer.
Please note: boletus can hardly take root without trees, and the first attempts to grow in the basement may be unsuccessful. But if you intend to start breeding porcini mushrooms in this way, choose the Dutch mycelium: in Holland, a boletus variety was bred, which grows most easily "in captivity".
But having mastered all the subtleties, indoors you can get a harvest of mushrooms all year round or even start growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale: since growing boletus is more difficult than champignon or oyster mushroom, it is much more appreciated.
Mushroom picker tips
Finally - small secrets of mushroom growing.
When self-collecting the seed, the boletus that grew near the type of tree that is on your site will take root better. When physically transferring mycelium, their appearance must necessarily match.
It is recommended to disinfect the substrate or soil with a solution of tannins 2-3 hours before planting.It can be made from cheap black tea: 50-100 g is poured into 1 liter of boiling water and brewed until it cools completely. Another option is oak bark. It will need 30 g per 1 liter of water. The bark should be boiled for an hour, adding water to the original volume as it boils. Each "mushroom" tree needs 2-3 liters of one of these solutions.
Video "Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms"
From this video you will learn how to grow porcini mushrooms on your site.
Many people like to pick mushrooms in the forest. But it is much more pleasant if they grow up in the country or on their own personal plot. If you start growing porcini mushrooms at home, you can get a good profit. We will tell you how to organize such a business from scratch in this article.
Growing conditions
The porcini mushroom is the most valuable of all edible mushrooms. It is distinguished by a thick white leg and a fleshy brown cap. Delicious aromatic soups, sauces and other dishes are prepared from this product. Such a product is highly valued in the market, therefore porcini mushrooms are the most expensive catch in the basket of every mushroom picker.
If you are interested in growing porcini mushrooms as a business, first of all, you need to create the necessary conditions for their ripening.
You can do this business:
- In the greenhouse;
- Basement;
- Warehouse room;
- On an old farm, etc.
The easiest option is to grow porcini mushrooms in your backyard. This is a great business idea for the countryside and the countryside, for the implementation of which you do not need any special knowledge or skills.
The most important thing is a well-ventilated place. Myceliums, like any other living organisms, cannot exist without oxygen. In addition, they emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, so there must be good ventilation in the room.
Another important point that should not be overlooked is the temperature regime of + 8-12 degrees. In the cold season, you can install a small stove in the room or connect heating radiators to maintain a comfortable temperature for growing mushrooms.
The next important factor is humidity. Myceliums dry out quickly, so the humidity level in the room should not be lower than 90-92%. To do this, you need to install containers filled with water in the room.
If you want to start growing porcini mushrooms in the basement, you need to arrange short-term artificial lighting. But it should be borne in mind that these plants do not like bright light. They grow better in the dark. For more information, watch the video of growing porcini mushrooms, which is posted on the Internet by experienced mushroom growers.
Breeding and care
Before starting a mushroom business, you need to familiarize yourself with its main features. This is a difficult and time-consuming process. The traditional technology of growing porcini mushrooms is as close as possible to natural conditions. Boletus grows best under oak, pine or birch, as their roots must intertwine with tree roots to form a complex symbiosis. Therefore, first of all, you need to find a suitable meadow on your personal plot. Video growing mushrooms at home will help you choose the right place for planting.
Many beginners often ask the question of where to get mushroom seeds for growing at home? The easiest way is to break the cap of an adult mushroom into several small pieces and soak it in cold water for a day. After that, in the area where you plan to breed boletus, you need to carefully remove the top layer of turf without damaging the roots of the trees, and pour out the water saturated with mushroom spores. In the southern regions, the seed is planted in late May and early June. In the middle lane - in late August, early September. If you regularly water the crops, the harvest will appear in the second year.
To speed up the process, you can buy porcini mycelium for growing.In order for it to multiply, you need to dig a small pit, 20-30 cm deep and fill it with a substrate. This can be fallen leaves, tree bark, or any other nutrient mixture. The thickness of the layer is 7–10 cm. The second layer is humus or ordinary earth. Spread the mycelium evenly over the entire prepared area and again lay out a layer of nutrient mixture, 3 cm thick. From above, the entire area is covered with 3-5 cm of soil from the garden.
If you do not know where to buy mushrooms for growing at home, contact the manufacturers of such products. They usually grow mycelium for their own use and for sale. In order to plant a plot of 10 sq. meters, you need 5 packs of compost mycelium.
Now let's talk about growing porcini mushrooms at home in a greenhouse. Seeds are planted in boxes and placed on special racks, in semi-darkness or in diffused light. Lighting can be turned on for 3-4 hours once a day. To humidify the air, containers filled with water are placed between the boxes. In addition, you need to regularly ventilate the room. If you strictly adhere to these rules, you can get a good harvest. This is a great option for making money in a village without investment, which is suitable even for beginners.
Equipment
To ensure that all the necessary conditions are met, you need to choose the right equipment for growing mushrooms at home. First of all, it is necessary to install a high-quality ventilation and air conditioning system in the room. Water heating boilers can be used for heating. Experienced entrepreneurs who grow mushrooms at home install a separate climate control unit in each chamber. This is a very important point, since certain conditions must be created for mushrooms at different stages of growth.
You need refrigerators to quickly cool finished products. Their number and size depends on the volume of the crop harvested in 1 hour. You can also purchase refrigeration chambers, in which finished products can be stored for 3 days without loss of quality. Their space should be filled with finished products only to 50% in order to maintain air circulation. You will also need racks and seeding boxes.
We should not forget about the packaging of finished products. These can be small plastic boxes, plastic bags, cans, etc. If you plan to produce mycelium yourself, you need to buy an autoclave.
Financial investments and profit
In order to organize such a business at home, you will need about 10-40 thousand rubles. Mycelium can be purchased without any problems in specialized stores or from experienced mushroom growers for 100-700 rubles per 1 kg.
Judging by the reviews, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms as a business is not very profitable, therefore, amateur mushroom growers are usually involved in this business. At the moment, only Germany and Poland are engaged in the cultivation of mushrooms on an industrial scale. Since the demand for such products in our country significantly exceeds the supply, they are bought abroad at fabulous prices.
With proper care, 200–250 kg of porcini mushrooms can be harvested from 1 hectare per season. One kilogram of fresh produce costs 200-300 rubles. Dried mushrooms can be sold for 2-3 times more. In the capital, their cost reaches 5-7 thousand rubles. If you create all the necessary conditions, you can get a good harvest all year round and earn decent money on it.
Sales channels
In principle, there is always an increased demand for such a product, therefore, there are usually no special problems with the sale of mushrooms. Some wholesalers buy their produce on the vine and wait for it to grow.
If you are growing porcini mushrooms in your country house, you can sell them on the market. Such products are sold fresh, dried, frozen, salted and pickled.Another additional source of income is the cultivation of porcini mushroom mycelium. It can be sold through advertisements in local media or on the internet.
Additional sources of income
If you are looking to start your own business in the countryside, the simplest idea is to grow vegetables as a business. But in order to start producing such products, you will have to rent land and special equipment. Novice entrepreneurs who do not have a large start-up capital can, at first, build a small greenhouse on their personal plot and organize the cultivation of dill and parsley as a business. Such products are in great demand all year round. In the cold season, 1 kg of greens costs 300-400 rubles, so you can make good money on this.
You can also build a profitable oyster mushroom business. They grow quickly and do not require much maintenance. The most important thing is to strictly adhere to the technology. To grow oyster mushrooms, you will need plastic bags, a growing medium, and mycelium. If you do not have suitable premises, you can start growing mushrooms at home on stumps or logs.
Another lucrative option is truffle growing as a business. It is a very rare mushroom that is highly regarded in the market. It grows in oak and beech forests underground at a depth of about 30 cm. One kilogram of truffles, depending on the species, costs $ 500-5000. Making such products at home is a rather costly business, since for this you need to create the necessary conditions and purchase an expensive mycelium. The first crop can only be harvested after 6 years. If you can wait patiently for that long, truffle cultivation will bring huge profits. This is a great option for people who are interested in what kind of business can be opened in the countryside in order to receive a decent income in the future.
If you want to organize the cultivation of mushrooms at home as a business, you must first read the special literature in order to choose the right compost. The amount of mycelium that is needed for laying beds with mushrooms depends on its quality.
The substrate for growing mushrooms consists of the following components:
- Dry straw;
- Fresh manure or chicken droppings;
- Chalk or plaster;
- Ammonium sulfate.
It takes 22-26 days to prepare the substrate. It is laid in layers and watered daily with water. The finished compost is covered with earth and mycelium is planted in it.
Business benefits
- If you organize the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse all year round, such a business will bring a decent stable income. Products that could not be sold fresh can be frozen, dried or canned;
- You can gradually develop your business, depending on the profit made;
- The mushroom production process can be suspended and resumed at any time;
- Experts recommend starting such a business with small volumes. If you have never encountered such a case, carefully watch the video of growing porcini mushrooms at home and read specialized literature. When you gain the necessary experience, you can gradually increase production and expand sales markets.
conclusions
Summing up, I would like to note that growing porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse, on a personal plot or in a basement is quite a profitable business. But it requires a serious and responsible attitude. To get the maximum income, you need to strictly follow the technology and use only high-quality raw materials.
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There are more than enough mushroom lovers in our country! Only for a hike into the forest for a "quiet hunt" you need the accompanying weather and certain climatic conditions. Not everyone will think about growing mushrooms at home, and even almost on an industrial scale.Most consider this to be fantastic. However, everything is real. And we will tell you how to grow mushrooms in a greenhouse or at home.
What mushrooms can be grown at home
The very idea of growing mushrooms at home poses a choice of a specific species. All varieties suitable for home breeding do not need special material costs or additional efforts. The only exceptions are champignons, but an experienced gardener will cope with this problem too. The choice must be made, first of all, based on the desired profit. All varieties of mushrooms suitable for growing at home can be classified into two main types:
- woody;
- soil.
The first include the well-known shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and winter mushrooms. But to the second - no less popular mushrooms and ringlets. Even with small areas, the harvest can be excellent. That is why these varieties are recommended for growing on an industrial scale.
Growing oyster mushrooms at home on the balcony
Growing technology for beginners
The bulk of the time it takes to grow mushrooms is spent creating mycelium. However, the advice of experienced mushroom growers suggests that it is better to grow this material on your own. After all, even the best and trusted suppliers fail from time to time. Mycelium can be grown in two ways:
- in the grain substrate;
- on wooden sticks.
The choice depends on what kind of mushrooms you plan to grow.
Growing mushrooms on a nutritious substrate
Breeding mycelium
The mycelium is grown in a specific substrate. It is recommended to make sure that its chemical and mineral composition is as similar as possible to that in which mushrooms grow naturally. The composition of this medium must be selected again, depending on the type of mushrooms grown.
For example, shiitake mushrooms feel more comfortable in wood, mushrooms - in compost, but oyster mushrooms prefer straw. With proper care, chopped straw and sawdust can yield any of these types of mushrooms. However, the substrate must be of high quality. This is ensured by its dryness, absence of mold, as well as unpleasant odors and foreign impurities.
Wheat straw is best suited for growing mushrooms. You can also use rye or barley. Oyster mushrooms are allowed to be propagated in sunflower husks. However, only fresh material should be used, since pathogenic bacteria can grow excellently in old ones.
The mycelium is the backbone of a large number of germinated fungal spores. As soon as this base is placed in the substrate, the process of active growth begins. Initially, only the appearance of thin filaments can be observed, which eventually turn into edible mushrooms.
Mushroom mycelium
It is worth purchasing high-quality planting material only in specialized stores. Priority should be given to wood containing viable fungal spores. They will be more resistant to disease. Not planted from grain mycelium. Ordinary mushroom spores can also be purchased. Only in this case it will take more time and effort to grow your crop. The procedure will resemble the cultivation of any crop from seed. It is better for beginners to avoid this method.
To obtain the maximum yield, it is necessary that the mycelium spreads as thoroughly as possible in the compost. To do this, you need to keep the planting warm. They can be heated using a special electric pillow. Heat is needed only during the incubation period. Once the mushrooms are in the growing phase, it is best to keep them cool. A glazed and insulated balcony is well suited for this.
When growing mushrooms in residential premises, it is necessary to avoid the phase of their ripening.Otherwise, the spores released into the air can provoke allergic reactions and even asthma.
As a rule, seedlings appear in the third week after planting the mycelium. Readiness for harvesting is determined by the hat. You need to cut off ready-made mushrooms only with a knife, so as not to injure those that are still in the soil and are just preparing to give a crop. The ready-made collection can be used both immediately and after preliminary freezing.
Sectional diagram of mushroom growth from mycelium
Other ways to grow mushrooms at home
In addition to the main ones, there are also additional ways of growing mushrooms. True, they do not bring such a large-scale result and are used mainly by children as experiments. For example, some types of mushrooms can be grown on logs. For this logs up to half a meter long are cut from hardwood. This must be done at least 2 weeks before settling with mycelium.
In the resulting workpiece, holes are made in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 10 cm. After that, the sticks with mycelium must be sealed. A hammer can be used for this procedure.
Before starting work, you must disinfect your hands and make sure that there is no debris in the holes.
The logs filled with mycelium are placed in the basement and wait until it fills the entire space. The procedure is lengthy and can take up to 1 year. Temperature and humidity are considered key conditions.
A known method of growing mushrooms on coffee grounds. It contains many trace elements:
- manganese;
- potassium;
- magnesium;
- nitrogen.
Growing mushrooms on stumps
This environment is ideal for oyster mushrooms. In addition, the coffee grounds do not need to be sterilized again. The disadvantage of this method is that it is very difficult to get a large amount of freshly drunk cake at home. We'll have to ask him at the nearest cafe. The growing container can be regular freezer bags or ice cream containers.
The mycelium must be mixed with the cake, and then the container must be tightly closed. It can be stored under the sink. Germination time will be about 1 month. Once the surface is white, cut a small hole in the top of the bag. Through it, it is necessary to spray with water 2 times a day. After a week, you can see how small mushrooms begin to grow.
Growing porcini mushrooms and other species at home for beginners is a very exciting and useful activity. The needs of your family can be fully satisfied, even without special skills and large areas. The main thing is patience and a desire to see the result. After all, you can grow them all year round!
Have you noticed how many programs have started to go on TV lately devoted to the preparation of various dishes? And after the release of the series "Kitchen", the profession of a cook, according to Forbes magazine, in general, rose sharply in the ranking of the highest paid specialties. At the same time, prices for various delicacies also went up (of course, a large share of the blame for this lies with the current crisis). But what is interesting, despite the "jump" in prices for refined products, their cost for the manufacturer has hardly increased for many categories of products. Take, for example, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms - how can this business depend on supplies from the West? Right! No way!
Porcini mushrooms have always been considered the "elite" of the mushroom kingdom, and their price has always been an order of magnitude higher than, say, chanterelles, honey agarics, or butter mushrooms. That is why growing porcini mushrooms is the most profitable option. Some time ago I told my readers about how to organize a business of growing mushrooms on stumps (oyster mushrooms and honey agarics). In response, I received quite a few letters with questions and requests for information on how to grow porcini mushrooms, and so, finally, I decided to consider this issue in detail.
Business brief analysis: Costs of organizing a business: 10,000 - 40,000 rubles Relevant for cities with a population: no restrictions Situation in the industry: the market is poorly developed Complexity of organizing a business: 3/5 Payback: 1 year
In the "mushroom business", of course, all the advantages of the inhabitants of the countryside, there are land areas, natural conditions, which are perfectly suitable for growing mushrooms. But this does not mean at all that this business cannot be tried even by a city dweller. After all, many have their own summer cottages, plots of land with greenhouses in villages, and just basements in apartment buildings.
Immediately it is necessary to make a reservation that there is a lot of special literature on the large-scale cultivation of porcini mushrooms, which, if desired, can be found on the Internet, or purchased in bookstores, and the knowledge gained to be applied in practice. But in order to try your hand at this business, to evaluate it "to taste", the knowledge that you will find in this article will be quite enough.
Why grow and not harvest?
Quite a logical question: why should mushrooms be grown? After all, with the same success you can just pick them up in the forest! I agree, but mushrooms are a seasonal product and in winter you will have to look for another source of income until next summer. There are other benefits too:
- Grown mushrooms are an environmentally friendly product. At present, due to the almost total pollution of forests, even natural mushrooms that have grown in natural conditions are in doubt about their usefulness.
- With the right conditions, porcini mushrooms can be grown all year round.
- In the case of a surplus of products, in view of the huge demand for them, I very much doubt (but still, suddenly!), Mushrooms can be frozen, pickled, dried. By the way, the cost of dried porcini mushrooms is 2-3 times higher than that of fresh ones. In Moscow, their price reaches 5-7 thousand per 1 kilogram.
- There are no problems and restrictions if you want to expand production.
- Mushrooms do not require daily thorough self-care, which means that you will have a lot of free time.
This is interesting: in some countries it is impossible to pick mushrooms as freely as in Russia. For example, in the Czech Republic, you need to obtain permission from the municipal authorities and pay a special tax for this right.
Growing scheme
Best of all, porcini mushrooms grow near trees - birches, oaks, lindens, aspens. But by planting them in the meadows near your summer cottage, you run the risk of "sharing" your harvest with everyone. Therefore, it is better to grow mushrooms either on the property, or indoors.
At the end of the century before last, there was such a method of cultivating porcini mushrooms: young mushrooms were placed in wooden barrels, poured with rainwater, and left to brew for a day. Then they were mixed so that they broke into small pieces and filtered through a sieve. The resulting infusion was watered near the trees, and the next year a bountiful harvest was collected.
Nowadays, there is almost a completely similar technology, according to which you need to break the cap of an adult porcini mushroom into small pieces, also soak it in water for a day, and then water the soil in the place of cultivation.
Growing porcini mushrooms indoors is a bit of a hassle. In this case, compost must be prepared in advance to grow porcini mushrooms. To do this, take:
- Dry chopped straw
- Small sawdust
- Husk from sunflower seeds
- You can add a little chalk or gypsum there.
- Use chicken manure as fertilizer (can be replaced with cow or horse manure)
Pour the whole mixture with hot water and leave for 2-3 weeks. During this time, the compost needs to be watered and shaken several times. After that, you can add the mycelium of porcini mushrooms, and lay out in the prepared places.
For reference: mycelium is a mycelium, the finest filaments, a kind of mushroom roots, with which they bind together and use for reproduction.
The mycelium of any mushrooms is freely sold in specialized stores, and, depending on the variety, costs from 100 to 700 rubles. The mycelium of porcini mushrooms in Moscow can be purchased for 150-180 rubles.
The necessary conditions
Let's look at exactly what conditions are needed to maximize the "return" of the mushrooms.
Porcini mushrooms can be grown in greenhouses, in boxes in the basement, on old farms, or in warehouses. In principle, it is possible to grow porcini mushrooms at home, perhaps even in an apartment, but it is still better to do it on a personal plot - I am afraid that household members will not support your desire to establish "mushroom production" in the house.
Industrial cultivation of porcini mushrooms most often occurs in large greenhouses., which requires considerable expenses. We are considering a small, one might say, “home” business, but is that “bad soldier who does not dream of becoming a general”? Who knows, maybe after some time you will start growing porcini mushrooms not on your personal plot, but on huge areas.
An important condition for a room is its ventilation. Mushrooms, like all living organisms, need oxygen, in addition, they emit a lot of carbon dioxide, so ventilation in the room should be provided.
Another important factor for growing mushrooms is maintaining a constant, stable temperature. The optimum temperature is considered to be 8-12 0С. If necessary, you can install a small stove in the room, or, if possible, connect 1-2 heating radiators.
The next point requiring attention is humidity. Mushrooms are delicate organisms, they can dry out very quickly, so you should always maintain a high humidity of the air - about 90-92%. The containers installed in the place where the mushrooms are grown can cope with this task. Filled with water.
When planting the mycelium, it practically does not need light, the growing mushrooms will have enough natural daylight, or short-term artificial lighting, if mushroom cultivation takes place in the basement. In winter, mushrooms also need to be "highlighted" a little. But keep in mind that mushrooms love darkness more.
What documents are needed for the cultivation and sale of porcini mushrooms
In order to be able to sell your products to stores, or sell them on the market, you will need to get:
- The conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor, for which it will be necessary to hand over samples of its products to the laboratory of the service. Here you will be given a radiology protocol, according to which anyone can make sure that your mushrooms are free of heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, etc.
- Mandatory - a certificate of product quality in Rosstandart.
- Approved Rules for the storage and transportation of mushrooms and mushroom products.
Where to sell mushrooms
Where to sell your products? This is. Perhaps the most "sick" for any businessman. In this regard, the situation with mushrooms is somewhat simpler - such products do not stale. And quite often orders are given for mushrooms that have not yet grown.
But one way or another, you still have to look for points of sale - you need to somehow declare yourself to wholesale buyers, which can be:
- Catering establishments - restaurants, cafes, etc.
- Eco-friendly stores (by the way, this is also a great business idea, about which you can learn more about this link -
- Food processing industries.
- Individuals.
Another option is to trade on the market. You can do it yourself, you can hire a person for this. Mushrooms can be sold both fresh and dried and frozen - there is a huge demand for all this. By the way, do not forget that growing mushrooms starts with buying mushroom mycelium, which is another additional source of income. That's all for today.
In search of porcini mushrooms:
