How to grow oyster mushrooms yourself at home?

Gone are the days when mushrooms could only be found in the forest. Now any person, even who has never dealt with their cultivation, can get a rich harvest. You just need to buy the right materials, follow the instructions for growing oyster mushrooms at home and maintain optimal conditions.

Choosing a mushroom for home cultivation

There are artificial plantations with different types of mushrooms: porcini, shiitake, champignons and others. Oyster mushrooms are considered popular, which are unpretentious and give a rich harvest. With a skillful approach, 3-4 kilograms of mushrooms are obtained from one kilogram of mycelium.

The thin filaments of the mushroom body, from which oyster mushrooms grow, are called mycelium or mycelium. To start growing, you need to purchase a certain amount of mycelium - experienced mushroom growers advise starting with one kilogram.

Such activities are suitable for both children who want to spend time with interest and test themselves as gardeners, and adults who want to acquire a new hobby. It can also interest those who are thinking about their own business. With skillful cultivation, the profitability of oyster mushrooms is quite high. It remains to choose a method of growing the future plantation.

to the content ↑ Ways of growing oyster mushrooms

You can use one of two methods: extensive and intensive. Intensive is closer to natural conditions and depends on the season, as opposed to extensive, thanks to which you can grow oyster mushrooms all year round.

The differences between the methods are shown in the table.

The essence of the method	The cultivation takes place in conditions close to real ones.	Fully artificial conditions are being set up.
Required tools and materials	Mycelium, film, stumps, moss.	Mycelium, bags, humidifiers, fans, substrate.
The purpose of growing	Hobby, growing for yourself.	Business growing for profit.
Premises	Vegetable garden, garden.	Incubation room and cultivation room.

Disadvantages and advantages of both growing methods.

Extensive way	Dignity	Flaws
1.	Natural environment, the ability to grow in your garden.	Seasonal and weather dependent.
2.	Less expensive way.	The maturation of oyster mushrooms takes longer.
3.	Mushrooms do not need to be constantly watched.	It is impossible to control the quantity and timing of implementation, which makes the method unsuitable for marketing oyster mushrooms.
Intensive way	Dignity	Flaws
1.	Full control over the growth of the finished product.	Requires two separate rooms with suitable growing conditions.
2.	Regulation and control of the number of grown oyster mushrooms.	Cash investments not only in premises, but also in materials.
3.	Establishing a business for the sale of oyster mushrooms and compensation for the cost of purchasing materials.	It takes more time to observe and control the growth of mushrooms.

Preparation for growing

Having decided on the method, it is necessary to take preparatory steps. Study the instructions and understand the intricacies of the process.

Now you need to purchase mycelium:

Find a seller and make a purchase yourself.
Purchase mycelium from a specialized online store.

Before buying, decide on the type of mycelium. If there is any doubt about the quality of the product, first purchase a small amount for a sample.

If possible, study the packaging of the product before buying. Check the content data, look at the expiration date. Pay attention to the appearance of the mycelium: there should be no black and green spots, which indicate the presence of mold. Such myceliums will not bear fruit. Fresh mycelium is white with splashes of orange and yellow.

The mycelium quickly deteriorates, so limit the first time to a kilogram of the product so that there is enough time to properly distribute the mycelium for planting. After purchasing, check the temperature of the mycelium, it should be 20 degrees.

to the content ↑ Features of growing on stumps

The simple but long way is the extensive one. It consists in planting mycelium in hemp.

Choose the right hemp: mold-free and with damp wood (it is better to soak dry hemp in water for a couple of days).
Make holes in the stumps with a drill, five to seven centimeters deep, pour mycelium into them and cover with moss. There is another way: saw off the upper part of the stump, make a small indentation, pour mycelium there, put the upper part of the log back in place and nail it back with nails.
Place the stumps in a designated area, stacked on top of each other. Cover with a thick plastic wrap and leave alone for three months. Keep the room temperature around 15 degrees.
When white spots appear on the stumps, it means that the oyster mushrooms are ready for planting. The optimal time for this is late spring (early May).
Dig holes in the ground, cover with wet leaves and place the hemp with mycelium on top, deepening 15 centimeters. The soil should always be moist, so water it every day.
The first harvest will be at the end of summer. Roll the mushrooms gently, do not cut them off with a knife. Pieces of mushrooms should not remain in the mycelium, so as not to provoke rotting. Optimal conditions will allow harvesting several more times in the fall.
The mycelium will bear fruit next year, but it must be protected from frost by thoroughly covering the hemp with straw.

Growing oyster mushrooms in natural conditions is a simple and inexpensive way that gives a good harvest (although not as large as when creating artificial conditions). Most of the time is spent preparing the plantation and watering the mail.

Video instruction

to the content ↑ Features of growing in bags

If you want to get serious about growing oyster mushrooms, find a suitable room (basement, greenhouse), install the necessary equipment - humidifiers and fans to provide the necessary conditions (temperature, severity, lighting), place racks or hangers for substrate bags.

If you have already acquired the required amount of mycelium, the next step is to prepare the substrate - a mixture of plant components: corn cobs, buckwheat, straw, sunflower, wheat and others. It is important that there are no putrefactive inclusions in the substrate.
To grow one batch of mushrooms, 10 kilograms of substrate is enough, which must be crushed to a size of several centimeters.
Heat the substrate and disinfect it. Simmer the mixture for about two hours over low heat. After the temperature drops to 26 degrees, drain the water. The substrate is now sufficiently moist and safe for fungi. Make a solution by adding a spoonful of yeast to 250 ml of water. Add the yeast solution along with a spoonful of slaked lime to the substrate to disinfect.
Prepare two plastic bags per kilogram of mycelium. Leave them in a bleach solution for two hours to disinfect.
Stir the substrate with mycelium or arrange in layers. Gradually, you will understand which method is more suitable.
Move the substrate bags to a dark place. Light is not required for mushroom growth at this stage. The room should be kept at a temperature no higher than twenty-two degrees.
After two weeks, the mycelium will entangle the substrate with threads and a homogeneous mass will begin to form. This is a sign of the end of the incubation period. Reduce the temperature to 12 degrees and increase the humidity to 95%.
After two weeks, you can harvest the first oyster mushroom harvest. Unscrew the mushrooms from the bag (do not cut). In total, oyster mushrooms will bear fruit four times. The main crop will appear in the first two months.

Growing oyster mushrooms in bags requires significant cash costs, but the profitability of the method is much higher. You yourself control the harvest and its volume.

Video plot

back to contents ↑ Growing oyster mushrooms as a business - is it worth starting?

Growing mushrooms at home is a popular and profitable business. With little investment, you can get good money.

Study the technological process to the smallest detail to exclude accidental losses. For sale, choose an intensive method of growing oyster mushrooms in order to completely control growth.

When manufacturing on a large scale, use the help of hired workers. It is difficult for one to follow the process. Get two rooms - use one for incubation, the other for growing mushrooms. Equip the premises in accordance with the standards so that the product turns out to be of a really high quality.

If you're just starting out, a basement is fine, but investment will still be required. In general, this type of business has a high profitability, because with intensive cultivation, you do not depend on the season. After filling your hand, you can expand production by growing other types of mushrooms.

back to content ↑ Useful tips

At first, do not purchase a large volume of mycelium. It tends to deteriorate quickly. To gain experience, start with one kilogram of mycelium.
Buy mycelium only from trusted sellers. If you are purchasing from a new retailer or online store, order a small batch first.
Check the data and appearance of the mycelium before buying.
Monitor the temperature of the room and substrate. Install fans in the room.
Cold is contraindicated for oyster mushrooms. They just won't come up.
It is only necessary to work with mycelium with gloves. This is the most powerful allergen!
It is better to soak a dry tree in water for a couple of days. Oyster mushrooms need moisture to grow.
Unscrew the mushrooms from the substrate so as not to cause rotting of the raw material.
The raw material for the substrate must be fresh and free of mold.
Oyster mushrooms are one of the most unpretentious mushrooms. Only temperature and humidity need to be controlled.
Over time, you can learn how to grow mycelium on your own so as not to depend on external factors: sellers, prices, quality, etc.

If you are just starting to grow mushrooms at home, oyster mushrooms are a suitable option during the training phase. They do not require serious maintenance, so you can easily turn this activity into an interesting hobby or a successful business.

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Growing mushrooms at home is quite a profitable and very exciting activity. If you have never encountered such a case, start by growing oyster mushrooms. These are unpretentious mushrooms with high yields. We will tell you how to organize the cultivation of oyster mushrooms at home for beginners in this article.

Technology

Let's consider step by step the traditional technology of growing oyster mushrooms at home:

The mycelium is the seed. It is sold by enterprises, as well as individuals who grow mushrooms and oyster mushrooms at home. If you want mycelium delivered directly to your home, order it online. You should not immediately buy large quantities of seed, as it can deteriorate.One kilogram of mycelium can grow 3-4 kg of mushrooms. The purchased seed must be stored in the refrigerator in the vegetable drawer;
Substrate preparation. As a substrate for planting mushrooms, sunflower and buckwheat husks, barley or wheat straw, sawdust, etc. are used. Raw materials for growing oyster mushrooms at home must be clean, mold-free. To disinfect the substrate, it is immersed in water and boiled for 2 hours. After that, the water is drained and the material is cooled to +28 degrees;
Mushroom blocks. The most common way is to grow oyster mushrooms at home in bags. These are the so-called mushroom blocks. Before laying the seed, polyethylene bags are disinfected in a 1% solution of bleach. Raw materials and mycelium are placed alternately - on 6 cm of the prepared substrate, 0.5 cm of mycelium. After that, the bag is tightly tied and cuts are made on it 2x2 cm every 15 cm in a checkerboard pattern. The mushroom blocks are transferred to a special room - a cellar or basement and left for two weeks. During incubation, you need to maintain a temperature of + 19-23 degrees and periodically ventilate the room;
Care. For the first 3–4 days, the temperature of the raw material can rise sharply. At this stage, the most important thing is to prevent it from overheating. The maximum temperature should not exceed +30 degrees. To reduce the temperature, fans are placed opposite the mushroom blocks. After 10 days, the mycelium fully expands and fills the block. The raw material turns white and takes on a characteristic mushroom smell. After the incubation period, the temperature is reduced to + 12-15 degrees and the air humidity is increased to 90%.

This is the simplest technology for growing oyster mushrooms at home, which is successfully used by many entrepreneurs.

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps

The longest, but financially low-cost way is to grow oyster mushrooms at home on stumps. In this case, the yield largely depends on the season and weather conditions.

Hemp for planting mycelium must be prepared even in winter - at the end of January. They should be mold-free with a healthy clean surface. Before making planting material, it is necessary to soak the stumps in water for three days. This allows you to create the right level of moisture, which is so important when laying the mycelium of mushrooms. Stumps with myceliums are taken out into the garden in May, after the threat of frost has passed. To get a good harvest, you need to place the stumps in a shaded place, under the crowns of trees. In the future, it is enough to periodically moisten the soil around the stumps. You can get your first harvest at the end of summer. Growing mushrooms on stumps is a great way to make money at home without investment. If the fall is warm, you can harvest by the end of November.

Arrangement of premises

The room for growing oyster mushrooms at home should be:

Excellent thermal insulation;
Powerful ventilation system;
Ceiling height not less than 3 meters;
Plumbing and sewerage.

If you decide to start growing oyster mushrooms at home, you can use for these purposes:

Basement;
Former poultry house or cowshed;
Cellar;
Garage;
Greenhouse;
Grain barn.

When mushrooms bear fruit, they secrete spores that cause allergies, so the room for growing them should be located as far as possible from the residential building.

Financial investments and profit

With one or two bags, you won't get much profit. But if you prepare 400-500 blocks, you can earn a decent amount. Another option for additional income is growing oyster mushroom mycelium at home for sale. In this case, you can double your income.

Experienced mushroom growers shorten the growing period to 30 days. Thanks to this, they receive finished products, the cost of which is 20-25 rubles.On the market and in stores, such mushrooms are sold for 100 rubles per 1 kg. The used seed can be used as fertilizer or as animal feed. If you want to start professionally growing oyster mushrooms at home, your business can be expanded by processing finished products, that is, selling mushrooms in salted or canned form. Experienced entrepreneurs often open training courses for people who want to take up mushroom farming.

Before you open your farm from scratch, you need to watch a video on the Internet about growing oyster mushrooms at home in order to get the necessary information. After that, try to roughly calculate how much money it will take to start such a business.

Initial investment:

Mycelium and substrate - 20 thousand rubles;
Salary for assistants - 30 thousand rubles;
Payment of utility bills (water, electricity) - 60 thousand rubles;
Packaging for finished products and other additional costs - 10 thousand rubles.

If you strictly adhere to the technology of growing mushrooms, 3-4 kg of finished products can be collected from one bag. At an average market price of 100 rubles per 1 kg, you will receive a profit of 300-400 rubles. If we subtract all expenses, it turns out that one mushroom block brings 200-300 rubles of net income.

Indoors with an area of 100 sq. meters you can grow about 4 tons of mushrooms per year. If you perform simple calculations, you can understand that such a business in agriculture from scratch allows you to earn about 30 thousand rubles a month.

Sales of finished products

The main component of the success of any business is a well-organized sale of finished products. Today, the demand for mushrooms does not exceed the supply, therefore, there are usually no problems with the sale of finished products.

Mushrooms are purchased in large and small batches:

Food stores;
Cafe;
Restaurants;
Mediators.

Mushrooms can be transported over short distances in plastic vegetable crates. If you need to deliver goods to another city or region, it is better to pack the goods in small trays and tighten them with cling film.

Both fresh and pickled mushrooms can be sold. In winter, the demand for such products increases significantly. During this period, its cost reaches 100–150 rubles per 1 kg. If you don't know what you can do at home to make money from it, try growing mushrooms. Such a profitable business will allow you to receive stable additional income.

Mushrooms are a hot commodity that does not need expensive advertising. Buyers for finished goods can be found through advertisements in the local press and on the Internet. If you plan to manufacture such products on a large scale, visit several supermarkets and wholesale vegetable stores to conclude cooperation agreements with them.

A small home based business can be advertised through word of mouth. Share your activity with friends and colleagues about the work, who, in turn, will inform their acquaintances about it. Thanks to this, you will have regular customers to whom you will sell finished products.

Related Videos Related Videos Profitability and payback periods

Growing mushrooms is a fairly profitable business that can be easily organized at home. This is a great option for rural residents who are interested in what to do in the countryside to make money. The demand for mushrooms is always consistently high, and this is the main component of the profitability of any business. Caring for myceliums does not take much time and does not require large expenses. The finished product can be grown in 4-6 weeks, which means that all financial investments are paid off in the shortest possible time.

Such a business in the countryside from scratch does not require your constant presence, that is, you can go about your business and at the same time grow mushrooms for sale. Growing oyster mushrooms at home is the easiest way for those who are wondering how to become a farmer with minimal investment. The average business profitability is 50%. Some entrepreneurs raise this indicator to 90-100%.

Useful Tips

Growing mushrooms is a great idea,

what you can do at home to make money without the Internet

... If you follow simple rules, you can get a good harvest and, accordingly, a decent profit. Experienced entrepreneurs recommend for beginners:

Use strong plastic bags 35x70 cm for sowing;
Hands should be thoroughly washed before planting mycelium;
No more than 300 g of mycelium can be used per bag;
One bag must have at least 8 slots;
Hang the seed bags from the ceiling.

At home, you can get four harvest waves from one bag. After that, you need to replace the mushroom blocks with new ones.

conclusions

We looked at different ways to grow oyster mushrooms at home. Mushroom growing is an interesting and profitable activity on which you can build a successful business. Patience and a responsible attitude to your work will provide you with excellent results.

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How to grow oyster mushrooms at home? By a certain technology. Then you don't have to spend money on buying mushrooms. And it will certainly be possible to safely eat them without fear of poisoning.

Where to begin

You always need to start by getting to know the experience of other people, so to speak - studying the materiel. There are many articles and videos about growing oyster mushrooms at home. After acquaintance, you will need:

Two rooms. One directly for growing, the second for the incubation period. It is assumed that this will be one room. Then it is necessary to strictly observe the temperature regime and regulate the level of air humidity.

Nutrient substrate. Sold ready-made, packaged.
The mycelium itself. Pay special attention to the expiration date.
Fan. The most common, household.
Antiseptic. Rubbing alcohol or chlorine solution.
Rubber gloves, a gauze bandage for the face, a sharp knife, thick plastic bags.

Naturally, you have to be patient (a process of more than one day) and the desire to taste your own grown oyster mushrooms.

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Requirements for the premises

For growing mushrooms at home, you need to allocate a separate room. It doesn't have to be a bedroom or living room. A basement, a cellar, a shed, a garage - they all fit perfectly. For the incubation period, the temperature should be maintained no higher than 24-26 ° С, the air humidity should be no more than 70%.

Separately, it must be said about cleanliness. Do not wash every centimeter with bleach. It is better to treat it with a sulfur-smoke bomb or simply whitewash the walls with lime with the addition of copper sulfate. Then no extraneous mold will infect the mycelium.

The main condition is that all ventilation openings must be closed with a fine mesh. Mushroom flies strive to fly into the aroma of mycelium and ruin the whole idea from the very beginning.

For the period of germination and harvesting, the humidity in the room should be at the level of 80-95%, the temperature should not be higher than 18 ° C.

Advice. A basement or cellar is the most optimal room. In such places, there is always high humidity, and the temperature can be increased with an ordinary heater.

Preparing the substrate for oyster mushrooms

As a nutrient medium for growing oyster mushrooms at home, you can use any substrate available, as long as it contains cellulose. It is she who feeds on the mycelium. Experienced mushroom growers use sawdust, small branches or shavings. For beginners, it is best to use:

barley straw
sunflower seed husks
corn stalks, leaves
wheat straw
buckwheat husk
corn cobs

First of all, you need to carefully sort out the prepared raw materials. The mass must be clean and dry. The presence of mold or the presence of only the smell of decay already indicates that the raw materials are not suitable for growing oyster mushrooms.

After taking the mass, it is necessary to thermally process it for reliability. This will get rid of harmful bacteria, insect larvae, and at the same time moisturize it. For this, raw materials are poured into metal dishes, poured with clean water. Heat to a boil, boil for about 40 minutes. Then leave for 3 hours.

Then the excess water is drained, and the raw materials are put under a press to remove the remaining liquid. Alternatively, the substrate is poured into a tissue bag and hung.

As soon as the temperature of the mass drops to 24-26 ° C, you can start planting.

Advice. For best results, a little fresh yeast is added to the raw material before planting. Approximately 50 g per 15 kg total weight.

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Planting material

It is very difficult to prepare a good quality mycelium on your own. Therefore, it is better to buy it from seed shops or from oyster mushroom growers. How many grams do you need? The calculation is very simple. For 10 kg of raw materials, you need about 400 g of mycelium.

First of all, before buying, you need to carefully examine the package with planting material. Gray or black spots, a distinct smell of ammonia are signs of incipient mold. This mycelium is not suitable for planting. The color of the vegetative body of the fungus should be from bright yellow to orange.

It is not recommended to order planting material through Internet resources. Indeed, the photograph may show something completely different from what will be in the package.

Advice. If the mycelium was purchased in advance, then it must be stored in the refrigerator before planting, no more than 9 days. Temperature 3-5 ° С is the most optimal.

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The most crucial moment

The substrate has been prepared, the planting material has been purchased and has already lain for a day at room temperature. We took a deep breath, we can start.

The most important thing is that there should be no slightest draft in the room. Fungal spores are very volatile. The slightest breath and then you can find oyster mushrooms in places that are completely inappropriate for them.

All instruments must be disinfected. Knife, tight bags, hands. You can wash it thoroughly with laundry soap or wipe it with aseptoline. Hands can be additionally protected with gloves. They also need to be treated with an antiseptic. Be sure to wear a gauze bandage. The ingestion of fungal spores into the lungs is not a very pleasant event.

The process itself:

The mycelium is crumbled without opening the bag.
Raw materials are poured into the bottom of the prepared plastic bag.
Oyster mushroom vegetative body is laid out on top with a thin layer.
Layers are repeated all the way to the top.
The bag is tightly tied.

In order for the mushrooms to sprout faster, it is advisable to lay out the planting material closer to the walls of the bag than to the center.

You can do it even easier. Raw materials are poured into prepared bags, small cuts are made with a knife. Mycelium is laid in them, then sealed.

Advice. Don't take huge packages. Anyway, oyster mushrooms will only grow outside. The most optimal size holds about 5-8 kg of the finished mixture.

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Incubation period

So, the bags are full, tied, awaiting their fate. Which? Warmth, darkness, tranquility. The incubation room should have a temperature not higher than 18-20 ° C. The substrate gets very hot, the vegetative body may die. It is impossible to ventilate the room, the emitted carbon dioxide is very important for the germination of oyster mushrooms.

What to do? Fan! Saves the day, helps to cool the bags, does not make drafts.

One day after the laying, the previously made incisions are opened. If the mycelium was laid in layers, then it is imperative to make cuts with a sharp knife.Vertical 2-3 cm high, horizontal about 0.5 cm wide, the distance between them is 10-12 cm.

Packages should not fit tightly to each other. A free space of at least 7-9 cm is left between them.

The incubation time depends on the variety, ranging from 16 to 24 days. Detailed information can be obtained from the manufacturer, or read on the packaging.

It is important to periodically enter the room and inspect the bags. The appearance of black spots and an unpleasant odor indicates that the tools and materials were not sufficiently disinfected. The normal state is a light, almost white color of the contents, a characteristic pleasant aroma of mushrooms.

Advice. Inspection is carried out as quickly as possible. Any light is not desirable for mycelium right now.

First fruiting. Important aspects

It is important not to miss the moment when oyster mushroom rudiments appear. They can be seen with the naked eye. On a white background - gray tubercles. In the meantime, bags with mushrooms are transferred to another room, or the conditions are changed in the same:

The temperature is reduced to 10-18 ° C.
Increase air humidity up to 90-95%.
They put artificial lighting with fluorescent lamps for a period of at least 8 hours per day.
Be sure to ventilate the room. At least 4 times a day.

The main factor for the first fruiting period is moisture. At the same time, it is impossible to water the oyster mushrooms. They can rot before reaching their size. The ideal way out of the situation would be frequent spraying of walls, floors, spraying water in the air. Care should be taken not to get water on the mushroom caps and bags.

Advice. If light-colored oyster mushrooms are needed, then the temperature is kept at 12 ° C. To obtain a dark cap, the temperature is raised to 18 ° C.

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Second fruiting

After the first crop is harvested, the mushroom blocks are not thrown away! Oyster mushroom gives up to 5 harvests from one planting. The mushroom holder rests for about 12 days, then pleases with a new portion of a healthy treat. It is very important not to change conditions during breaks between harvests. Then one block can bear fruit up to 4 months.

And if there is no separate room

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home if there is no separate room? It's also very simple! When did this stop a Russian person, if he needed to? There is no basement, which means growing on stumps is a completely alternative option.

This will require:

Smooth stumps of non-resinous trees.
Planting material.
A secluded spot in the garden with good shade.
Burlap, film.
Enthusiasm is welcome.

The wood must be healthy, free from mold, rot or debris. It is advisable that before use it lay no longer than 10 months. Poleshki are soaked in clean water for 3 days, pressing with oppression so that they do not float.

Then holes are made in the tree, preferably with a drill. The diameter is about 1-1.5 cm, the depth is about 5-7 cm. The oyster mushroom planting material is poured inside, the holes are plugged with moss. If there is no drill at hand, then they simply cut off the upper end of a log 5 cm thick, apply a vegetative body. The resulting saw cut is placed on top. For reliability, you can strengthen the structure with nails.

The procedure is carried out in March. Before the logs are planted in the garden, they are folded into a pyramid, covered with burlap and foil. Periodic ventilation, regular inspection for mold growth is the key to success. After a while, the mycelium will completely braid the wood, the hemp will turn white.

With the onset of warm weather (mid or late May), the woods are planted in the garden. They choose shaded places: under trees, vines, on the north side of buildings. The stumps are installed vertically, burying 12-15 cm into the ground. Damp foliage or soaked old barley grains can be placed at the bottom of the holes.

Taking care of the logs consists only in carefully watering the soil around it, if the weather is dry and hot.

Subject to the technology, the first harvest appears from the end of August.Lasts until mid-November depending on climate and weather conditions. For the winter, the poles are covered with spruce branches or covered with leaves. Ideally birch. They disinfect well and do not allow the mycelium to rot.

Of course, this method is not suitable for industrial cultivation of oyster mushrooms, but for home use it is very good. Good yields can be obtained at low cost. The only negative is seasonality. Oyster mushrooms do not grow under the snow in winter.

Advice. Such poles with bunches of oyster mushrooms can become an original decoration of the site. They can be cooked as much as there is enough free land. There will be enough mushrooms for themselves and their relatives and for sale.

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Several nuances

All work on the cultivation of oyster mushrooms is recommended to be carried out in a gauze bandage. Mushrooms secrete a large number of spores, which can lead to allergies.
When harvesting, oyster mushrooms are twisted by hand from the substrate. When cutting with a knife, you can infect the mycelium with putrefactive bacteria, then you will have to forget about the next crops. The remaining roots of the mushrooms also harm the mycelium. A large amount of moisture is lost through them.
If the slightest signs of mold appear in one of the bags, you must immediately remove it from the room so that the rest does not become infected.
The spent substrate is an excellent fertilizer, it will be a pity to throw it in the trash. Taking it out into the garden or pouring it out in the garden is the right decision. By the way, the remains of mycelium next year can give a small harvest of oyster mushrooms, if you pour the mixture somewhere near a reservoir or under trees.
When grown indoors, the first two waves of fruiting are the most productive. The second and third years of cultivation are the most prolific on the woodlands.

Growing oyster mushrooms on your own at home is a very real thing. Just follow the instructions and enjoy the result!

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Video: technology for growing oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushroom is a low-calorie product rich in potassium, zinc, vitamins B and D, fiber and protein, which, among other things, is a sorbent that can cleanse the body of heavy metals and toxins. This extremely useful mushroom can be cultivated "handicraft", however, many are stopped by the laboriousness of the cultivation technology. The most difficult thing is to work out this procedure for the first time, having provided all the necessary conditions, while caring for the mushroom itself comes down to several tasks. But where to start growing oyster mushrooms at home for the first time, "from scratch"? You need to start this business with arranging a place for growing mushrooms. The availability of suitable premises and the ability to provide this capricious culture with the microclimate it needs determines whether it is worth making a trial attempt or abandoning the undertaking.

Organization of space

The easiest way to grow oyster mushrooms at home is extensive, when the mushrooms grow in their natural environment. This method is suitable for owners of home gardens - for oyster mushrooms you need a fairly shady corner of the garden. In addition, such a cultivation technology does not make it possible to get a crop at any time of the year, and its volume and quality depend on weather conditions.

More reliable and effective is the intensive method when favorable conditions are artificially created for the mushrooms. A specially equipped basement is suitable for growing oyster mushrooms. There are also reviews of successful experiments in cultivating mushrooms on glazed balconies. Such a balcony should be quite dark and damp, as is often the case on the first floors of multi-storey buildings.

Attention!

Oyster mushroom should not be grown in residential premises, since during the cultivation period the mushrooms throw spores into the air, the ingestion of which into the respiratory tract will cause serious harm to health. Therefore, in a room where mushrooms grow, you should work only in a respirator and no longer than three hours in a row.

Room preparation

The room for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms must have the following parameters:

the ability to stably maintain a temperature of 10-20 ° C in it;
air humidity - in the range from 85 to 90%;
the presence of a ventilation system;
the ability to turn on lighting;
mold free and clean.

Ideally, if it is a warmed, sealed basement with electricity and ventilation, heating and water supply systems. You will also need a mounting system for hanging substrate bags (slats, ropes) or racks.

A remedy from which plants grow by leaps and bounds! Just water your plants with it ...

If it is difficult to ensure the regulation of the microclimate, it is necessary to equip two rooms (a separate one for the incubation period), each of which will have the parameters that are necessary for fungi to develop at a particular stage.

See also: "Growing ginger at home from root tubers".

A week before the appearance of the mycelium in the room, it should be sanitized:

Make sure there are no pests and, if necessary, carry out pest control.
Cover the walls with an antifungal solution.
Treat all surfaces with a bleach solution.
Close the room as tightly as possible for two days.
Ventilate for two days.

These procedures must be performed after each mycelium replacement.

Creation of mycelium

Experience shows that 3-4 kg of oyster mushrooms can be grown at home from 1 kilogram of mycelium. The planting material should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-4 ° C. Subsequently, it will be possible not to buy mycelium, but to grow it from their crops.

Healthy!

When buying a mycelium, you need to smell it - high-quality material should have a pronounced aroma of forest mushrooms

Substrate preparation

Suitable as a substrate for oyster mushrooms:

straw (from barley or wheat);
husk of sunflower seeds, rice, buckwheat;
corn stalks and ears;
sawdust (only from deciduous trees).

The substrate does not have to be homogeneous, it is allowed to create mixtures of several components. The material must be dry, free from mold, rot and foreign matter. A good solution for beginners would be to purchase an already prepared substrate, otherwise it will need to be processed before planting.

Processing stages:

Rinse and dry the substrate base.
Go through and grind the material into fragments about half a centimeter in size.
Pour boiling water over the mass and maintain a boil for one and a half to two hours - depending on the hardness of the base.
Place the mass under the press for a day, allowing the excess liquid to drain.

Before planting, the substrate must be moist, but not wet. To check, squeeze a lump of mixture in a fist - with the correct degree of moisture, you will be able to squeeze out a few drops of water.

Mycelium bookmark

It is advisable to carry out this procedure in a different room where the oyster mushroom is planned to be grown. Or, at least, fence off a small space for this purpose. This measure is intended to prevent infection of the mycelium. The room in which the bookmark is made must be clean, the work surface and growing bags must be disinfected with alcohol.

There are two ways to bookmark. You can mix the mycelium and substrate on the table and fill the growing bags with the resulting mixture. But more often they use the second method, which involves alternately filling the bag with layers of substrate and mycelium. The width of the layers should be as follows: 8 cm of substrate, 3 cm of mycelium, 15 cm of substrate, 3 cm of mycelium. This should be continued until the bag is filled, while the last should be an eight-centimeter layer of the substrate. The bag should be stuffed tightly, tamping the layers well.

See also: "How to grow cucumbers on the balcony at home."

Tightly tied bags must be perforated by making 2-4 cm long slots or holes along the diameter of a large nail at a distance of 10-15 centimeters. The blade or nail must also be disinfected with an alcohol solution before the procedure. At the bottom of the bag, from where the liquid will drain, the holes are made slightly larger.

Interesting!

A very decorative way to grow oyster mushrooms is available to the owner of a private house - cultivation on a tree stump. To do this, channels or holes 3-4 cm deep are cut out in the wood of the stump, into which layers of sawdust and mycelium are placed (both the stump and sawdust must belong to a deciduous tree). After that, the stump is tightly wrapped in a transparent film. Such a stump will "bear fruit" for about five years.

Mycelium care

Incubation stage

The prepared bags with mycelium and substrate are suspended from the mountings in the mushroom growing room. If this is not possible, it is allowed to put them vertically or put them on a rack at some distance from each other (you cannot put one bag on top of another). In the latter case, holes are made only on one, "upper" side of the bag.

The room temperature should be 20-25 ° C, the humidity should be about 90%. It is important that the temperature does not exceed 30 ° C, and its daily fluctuations do not make a difference of more than 1-2 ° C - failure to comply with any of these points will lead to the death of the mushrooms. Ventilation should be avoided and the room should be treated daily with a chlorine solution to avoid the appearance of mold and mildew.

The incubation period lasts about 18, not more than 25 days. Approximately 10 days after filling, the entire contents of the substrate and mycelium bag will turn white. After that, it is necessary to keep the bags under the same conditions for about a week. Then comes the cultivation period.

Cultivation stage

At this stage, the air temperature should be 11-16 ° C, humidity - 90-95%. A room with intensively growing mushrooms must be ventilated frequently (up to 4 times a day). Watering, or rather humidifying the bags by spraying warm water on them, should be done 1-2 times a day. 5 days after the start of cultivation, the mushrooms will need light (5 W per m2). You need to keep the mycelium under the light for 10 hours a day.

Interesting!

The air temperature affects the color of the caps of future oyster mushrooms. Growing at lower temperatures (11-12 ° C) will result in the formation of light-colored caps in the mushrooms, while in a warmer environment (maximum 20 ° C), mushrooms with dark caps will grow. The taste of the mushrooms, however, does not change.

In 12-15 days after the start of cultivation, the first harvest of oyster mushrooms will be obtained. The signal that the time to harvest has come will be the noticeably accelerated growth of mushroom caps. In any case, the mushroom must be removed before it turns yellow. It is better to twist mature specimens out of the substrate than to cut them off.

After harvesting, the room needs to be well ventilated and continue to care for the mycelium according to the same principles. After half a month, the second batch of oyster mushrooms will ripen. The third wave will be less productive, and after the fourth, it is necessary to make a new bookmark of mycelium. Before that, you need to sanitize the growing room.

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home, video

Date of publication:Growing